| Description |
In this study, we explored how macrophage-driven T cell dysfunction occurs in COVID-19 patients using single-cell analysis. We analyzed leukocytes from pleural effusion, sputum, and peripheral blood biopsies across varying disease severities. Our findings revealed a significant increase in T cell hyperactivation and exhaustion, particularly noticeable in pleural effusion, indicating immune dysregulation after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identified a specific subset of CD14+ monocytes and macrophages showing M2 polarization, with heightened expression of IL10, CCL18, APOE, CSF1 (M-CSF), and CCL2 signaling pathways. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detected earlier in pleural fluid than in peripheral blood. Overall, our results suggest that severe SARS-CoV-2 infection induces immune dysregulation through promoting M2 macrophage polarization and subsequent T cell exhaustion. |
