| 描述信息 |
As the world's largest ethnic group, the Han Chinese trace their origins to the Yellow River basin, yet their genetic formation remains incompletely understood due to limited ancient genomic data. This study presents 28 newly sequenced ancient human genomes from the Han Dynasty at the Xujiacundong and Zhouhe sites in Shandong Province, integrating them with regional datasets to dissect the genetic legacy of the Neolithic Longshan culture in Han ancestry. Analyses reveal distinct genetic differentiation between the Central Plain and Shandong Longshan populations during the late Neolithic. For the newly reported ancient individuals from two Han Dynasty archaeological sites in Shandong (studied herein), most individuals from the Xujiacundong site exhibit admixture of these two Longshan-related ancestries specifically 93.8% Central Plain Longshan ancestry and 6.2% southeastern coastal China-related ancestry with the exception of one individual that carries exclusively local Shandong Longshan ancestry. In contrast, all samples from the Zhouhe site cluster genetically with the Central Plain Longshan populations. Collectively, these findings illustrate a diverse genetic landscape of the Shandong region during the Han Dynasty. Furthermore, these ancient populations had already exerted a profound genetic influence on modern Han groups in the surrounding areas. Admixture modeling and f-statistics demonstrate that Longshan-related ancestries, particularly those from the Central Plain, exerted a dominant influence on historical populations across diverse regions, including the Upper Yellow River, West Liao River Basin, and Southwest China. These findings highlight the pivotal role of demic diffusion associated with Longshan cultures in shaping the genetic diversity and pan-regional homogenization of Han Chinese, underscoring the interplay between cultural interactions and population dynamics in the formation of this major ethnic group. |
