Healthy and plump seeds of self-pollinated 10th generation of Dongfudou 3 were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s, washed 3 times with sterile water, and soaked in the dark for 4 h. The soaked seeds were placed in a petri dish with moistened filter paper and germinated in the dark at room temperature for 5 d, then transferred to a hydro-ponic tank and grown in 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution at room temperature, 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle. When the plantlets reached the V3 stage, a fully expanded trifoliate leaf was taken.
