GO:0016021 |
integral component of membrane |
cellular_component |
The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
GO:0005524 |
ATP binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
GO:0016020 |
membrane |
cellular_component |
A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
GO:0006468 |
protein phosphorylation |
biological_process |
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
GO:0004672 |
protein kinase activity |
molecular_function |
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. |
GO:0007169 |
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway |
biological_process |
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
GO:0004714 |
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity |
molecular_function |
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate. |
GO:0004713 |
protein tyrosine kinase activity |
molecular_function |
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate. |
GO:0000166 |
nucleotide binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
GO:0016301 |
kinase activity |
molecular_function |
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
GO:0016740 |
transferase activity |
molecular_function |
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. |
GO:0016310 |
phosphorylation |
biological_process |
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
GO:0018108 |
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation |
biological_process |
The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine. |
GO:0006898 |
receptor-mediated endocytosis |
biological_process |
An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. |
GO:0008284 |
positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
GO:1900087 |
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle |
biological_process |
Any signalling pathway that increases or activates a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. |
GO:0051897 |
positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B. |
GO:0070374 |
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
GO:0090263 |
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway |
biological_process |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. |
GO:0005515 |
protein binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
GO:0005634 |
nucleus |
cellular_component |
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
GO:0005737 |
cytoplasm |
cellular_component |
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
GO:0043066 |
negative regulation of apoptotic process |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
GO:0005886 |
plasma membrane |
cellular_component |
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
GO:0005783 |
endoplasmic reticulum |
cellular_component |
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). |
GO:0005789 |
endoplasmic reticulum membrane |
cellular_component |
The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. |
GO:0005768 |
endosome |
cellular_component |
A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. |
GO:0005794 |
Golgi apparatus |
cellular_component |
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. |
GO:0005925 |
focal adhesion |
cellular_component |
A cell-substrate junction that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. In insects focal adhesion has also been referred to as hemi-adherens junction (HAJ). |
GO:0005615 |
extracellular space |
cellular_component |
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
GO:0030054 |
cell junction |
cellular_component |
A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. |
GO:0007165 |
signal transduction |
biological_process |
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
GO:0005576 |
extracellular region |
cellular_component |
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
GO:0007275 |
multicellular organism development |
biological_process |
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). |
GO:0004709 |
MAP kinase kinase kinase activity |
molecular_function |
Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases. |
GO:0000139 |
Golgi membrane |
cellular_component |
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. |
GO:0045121 |
membrane raft |
cellular_component |
Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. |
GO:0009986 |
cell surface |
cellular_component |
The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. |
GO:0046718 |
viral entry into host cell |
biological_process |
The process that occurs after viral attachment by which a virus, or viral nucleic acid, breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm. |
GO:0042802 |
identical protein binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins. |
GO:0005887 |
integral component of plasma membrane |
cellular_component |
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
GO:0030154 |
cell differentiation |
biological_process |
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. |
GO:0033674 |
positive regulation of kinase activity |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
GO:0043235 |
receptor complex |
cellular_component |
Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
GO:0045944 |
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
GO:0045296 |
cadherin binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion. |
GO:0051015 |
actin filament binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits. |
GO:0001934 |
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
GO:0033138 |
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. |
GO:0031901 |
early endosome membrane |
cellular_component |
The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome. |
GO:0000165 |
MAPK cascade |
biological_process |
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
GO:0010008 |
endosome membrane |
cellular_component |
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome. |
GO:0003682 |
chromatin binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
GO:0030335 |
positive regulation of cell migration |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
GO:0032991 |
protein-containing complex |
cellular_component |
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. |
GO:0045739 |
positive regulation of DNA repair |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. |
GO:0016032 |
viral process |
biological_process |
A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle. |
GO:0031965 |
nuclear membrane |
cellular_component |
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. |
GO:0031625 |
ubiquitin protein ligase binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins. |
GO:0003690 |
double-stranded DNA binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA. |
GO:0001503 |
ossification |
biological_process |
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. |
GO:0019899 |
enzyme binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. |
GO:0019903 |
protein phosphatase binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase. |
GO:0061024 |
membrane organization |
biological_process |
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. |
GO:0045746 |
negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway. |
GO:0046777 |
protein autophosphorylation |
biological_process |
The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation). |
GO:0007173 |
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway |
biological_process |
A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
GO:0030307 |
positive regulation of cell growth |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
GO:0038128 |
ERBB2 signaling pathway |
biological_process |
A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptors on the surface of a cell, where the signal is transmitted by ERBB2. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB2 receptors are themselves unable to bind to ligands, but act as a signal-amplifying tyrosine kinase within a heterodimeric pair. |
GO:2000145 |
regulation of cell motility |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. |
GO:0042177 |
negative regulation of protein catabolic process |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. |
GO:0042059 |
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
GO:0042327 |
positive regulation of phosphorylation |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. |
GO:0045740 |
positive regulation of DNA replication |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. |
GO:0030665 |
clathrin-coated vesicle membrane |
cellular_component |
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle. |
GO:0034614 |
cellular response to reactive oxygen species |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. |
GO:0045893 |
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
GO:0071276 |
cellular response to cadmium ion |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus. |
GO:0001618 |
virus receptor activity |
molecular_function |
Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell. |
GO:0098609 |
cell-cell adhesion |
biological_process |
The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. |
GO:0050679 |
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
GO:0051205 |
protein insertion into membrane |
biological_process |
The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers. |
GO:0071364 |
cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus. |
GO:0071392 |
cellular response to estradiol stimulus |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. |
GO:1901224 |
positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling. |
GO:0043406 |
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. |
GO:0038083 |
peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation |
biological_process |
The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein. |
GO:0030235 |
nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity |
molecular_function |
Modulates the activity of nitric oxide synthase. |
GO:0004888 |
transmembrane signaling receptor activity |
molecular_function |
Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction. |
GO:0005006 |
epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity |
molecular_function |
Combining with an epidermal growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. |
GO:0048408 |
epidermal growth factor binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with epidermal growth factor. |
GO:0051117 |
ATPase binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP. |
GO:0006357 |
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
GO:0007166 |
cell surface receptor signaling pathway |
biological_process |
A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
GO:0007202 |
activation of phospholipase C activity |
biological_process |
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand. |
GO:0007611 |
learning or memory |
biological_process |
The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. |
GO:0010750 |
positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction |
biological_process |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO). |
GO:0014066 |
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. |
GO:0043006 |
activation of phospholipase A2 activity by calcium-mediated signaling |
biological_process |
A series of molecular signals that leads to the upregulation of calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity in response to the signal. |
GO:0045737 |
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity. |
GO:0046328 |
regulation of JNK cascade |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. |
GO:0050730 |
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
GO:0050999 |
regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase. |
GO:0070141 |
response to UV-A |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm. |
GO:0070372 |
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
GO:1900020 |
positive regulation of protein kinase C activity |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity. |
GO:1901185 |
negative regulation of ERBB signaling pathway |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway. |
GO:1903078 |
positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. |
GO:1903800 |
positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA. |
GO:1905208 |
negative regulation of cardiocyte differentiation |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation. |
GO:0009925 |
basal plasma membrane |
cellular_component |
The region of the plasma membrane located at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis. |
GO:0016323 |
basolateral plasma membrane |
cellular_component |
The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis. |
GO:0048471 |
perinuclear region of cytoplasm |
cellular_component |
Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
GO:0070435 |
Shc-EGFR complex |
cellular_component |
A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway. |
GO:0097489 |
multivesicular body, internal vesicle lumen |
cellular_component |
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the multivesicular body internal vesicle. |
GO:0005102 |
signaling receptor binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
GO:0005178 |
integrin binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin. |
GO:0005516 |
calmodulin binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states. |
GO:0019901 |
protein kinase binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate. |
GO:0044877 |
protein-containing complex binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a macromolecular complex. |
GO:0000186 |
activation of MAPKK activity |
biological_process |
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK). |
GO:0000902 |
cell morphogenesis |
biological_process |
The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. |
GO:0001889 |
liver development |
biological_process |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. |
GO:0001892 |
embryonic placenta development |
biological_process |
The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. |
GO:0001942 |
hair follicle development |
biological_process |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open. |
GO:0006412 |
translation |
biological_process |
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. |
GO:0006970 |
response to osmotic stress |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. |
GO:0006979 |
response to oxidative stress |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
GO:0007435 |
salivary gland morphogenesis |
biological_process |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. |
GO:0007494 |
midgut development |
biological_process |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine. |
GO:0007623 |
circadian rhythm |
biological_process |
Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. |
GO:0008544 |
epidermis development |
biological_process |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. |
GO:0010960 |
magnesium ion homeostasis |
biological_process |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell. |
GO:0014070 |
response to organic cyclic compound |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. |
GO:0016101 |
diterpenoid metabolic process |
biological_process |
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units. |
GO:0021795 |
cerebral cortex cell migration |
biological_process |
The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex. |
GO:0030324 |
lung development |
biological_process |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. |
GO:0032355 |
response to estradiol |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. |
GO:0032930 |
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell. |
GO:0033590 |
response to cobalamin |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus. |
GO:0033594 |
response to hydroxyisoflavone |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus. |
GO:0033993 |
response to lipid |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. |
GO:0035556 |
intracellular signal transduction |
biological_process |
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
GO:0035690 |
cellular response to drug |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
GO:0042060 |
wound healing |
biological_process |
The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
GO:0042127 |
regulation of cell population proliferation |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
GO:0042698 |
ovulation cycle |
biological_process |
The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. |
GO:0042743 |
hydrogen peroxide metabolic process |
biological_process |
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA. |
GO:0043586 |
tongue development |
biological_process |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. |
GO:0045780 |
positive regulation of bone resorption |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption. |
GO:0045907 |
positive regulation of vasoconstriction |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction. |
GO:0045930 |
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. |
GO:0048143 |
astrocyte activation |
biological_process |
A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
GO:0048146 |
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. |
GO:0048546 |
digestive tract morphogenesis |
biological_process |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
GO:0048661 |
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
GO:0048812 |
neuron projection morphogenesis |
biological_process |
The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. |
GO:0050729 |
positive regulation of inflammatory response |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. |
GO:0051592 |
response to calcium ion |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus. |
GO:0051968 |
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic |
biological_process |
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. |
GO:0060571 |
morphogenesis of an epithelial fold |
biological_process |
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis. |
GO:0061029 |
eyelid development in camera-type eye |
biological_process |
The progression of the eyelid in a camera-type eye from its formation to the mature state. The eyelid is a membranous cover that helps protect and lubricate the eye. |
GO:0071230 |
cellular response to amino acid stimulus |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. |
GO:0071260 |
cellular response to mechanical stimulus |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. |
GO:0071363 |
cellular response to growth factor stimulus |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. |
GO:0071549 |
cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus. |
GO:0097421 |
liver regeneration |
biological_process |
The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver. |
GO:0097755 |
positive regulation of blood vessel diameter |
biological_process |
Any process that increases the diameter of blood vessels. |
GO:1902722 |
positive regulation of prolactin secretion |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion. |
GO:0016324 |
apical plasma membrane |
cellular_component |
The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell. |
GO:0030139 |
endocytic vesicle |
cellular_component |
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance. Endocytic vesicles fuse with early endosomes to deliver the cargo for further sorting. |
GO:0045202 |
synapse |
cellular_component |
The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |