| GO:0007186 |
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
biological_process |
A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. |
| GO:0016021 |
integral component of membrane |
cellular_component |
The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0004930 |
G protein-coupled receptor activity |
molecular_function |
Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. |
| GO:0007596 |
blood coagulation |
biological_process |
The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers. |
| GO:0015057 |
thrombin-activated receptor activity |
molecular_function |
A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by thrombin, which exposes a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it. |
| GO:0070493 |
thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway |
biological_process |
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| GO:0008285 |
negative regulation of cell population proliferation |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0046427 |
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity. |
| GO:0006919 |
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process |
biological_process |
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process. |
| GO:0030335 |
positive regulation of cell migration |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:0005623 |
obsolete cell |
cellular_component |
OBSOLETE. The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. |
| GO:0045893 |
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0016020 |
membrane |
cellular_component |
A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0005886 |
plasma membrane |
cellular_component |
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0005515 |
protein binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0007165 |
signal transduction |
biological_process |
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| GO:0045202 |
synapse |
cellular_component |
The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |
| GO:0006954 |
inflammatory response |
biological_process |
The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. |
| GO:0009986 |
cell surface |
cellular_component |
The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. |
| GO:0045211 |
postsynaptic membrane |
cellular_component |
A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |
| GO:0001965 |
G-protein alpha-subunit binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide. |
| GO:0031681 |
G-protein beta-subunit binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein beta subunit. |
| GO:0007204 |
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration |
biological_process |
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. |
| GO:0014068 |
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. |
| GO:0030194 |
positive regulation of blood coagulation |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. |
| GO:0032496 |
response to lipopolysaccharide |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| GO:0032651 |
regulation of interleukin-1 beta production |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. |
| GO:0035025 |
positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction. |
| GO:0045907 |
positive regulation of vasoconstriction |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction. |
| GO:0048873 |
homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue |
biological_process |
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue. |
| GO:0070374 |
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| GO:0099553 |
trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission |
biological_process |
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of endocannabinoid ligands, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. |
| GO:1900134 |
negative regulation of renin secretion into blood stream |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream. |
| GO:0005576 |
extracellular region |
cellular_component |
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| GO:0005769 |
early endosome |
cellular_component |
A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways. |
| GO:0005887 |
integral component of plasma membrane |
cellular_component |
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0043547 |
positive regulation of GTPase activity |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase. |
| GO:0007599 |
hemostasis |
biological_process |
The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part. |
| GO:0051928 |
positive regulation of calcium ion transport |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:2000778 |
positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-6 secretion. |
| GO:0005770 |
late endosome |
cellular_component |
A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center. |
| GO:0043123 |
positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. |
| GO:0008284 |
positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0043524 |
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| GO:2000484 |
positive regulation of interleukin-8 secretion |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-8 secretion. |
| GO:0005794 |
Golgi apparatus |
cellular_component |
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. |
| GO:0030168 |
platelet activation |
biological_process |
A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. |
| GO:0051482 |
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-act |
biological_process |
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol that occurs as part of a PLC-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. G-protein-activated PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate (PIP2) to release diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 then binds to calcium release channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to trigger calcium ion release into the cytosol. |
| GO:0009653 |
anatomical structure morphogenesis |
biological_process |
The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. |
| GO:0005102 |
signaling receptor binding |
molecular_function |
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
| GO:0007205 |
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
biological_process |
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG). |
| GO:0031594 |
neuromuscular junction |
cellular_component |
The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential. |
| GO:0051281 |
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. |
| GO:0000186 |
activation of MAPKK activity |
biological_process |
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK). |
| GO:0005901 |
caveola |
cellular_component |
A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0051209 |
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol |
biological_process |
The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment. |
| GO:0060155 |
platelet dense granule organization |
biological_process |
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins. |
| GO:0009611 |
response to wounding |
biological_process |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. |
| GO:0032967 |
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. |
| GO:0007200 |
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
biological_process |
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). |
| GO:0043410 |
positive regulation of MAPK cascade |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. |
| GO:0045217 |
cell-cell junction maintenance |
biological_process |
The maintenance of junctions between cells. |
| GO:0051930 |
regulation of sensory perception of pain |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. |
| GO:0002248 |
connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing |
biological_process |
The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared that contribute to an inflammatory response. |
| GO:0003105 |
negative regulation of glomerular filtration |
biological_process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. |
| GO:0007529 |
establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction |
biological_process |
The biological process in which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed. |
| GO:0030193 |
regulation of blood coagulation |
biological_process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. |
| GO:0043280 |
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process. |
| GO:0045987 |
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction |
biological_process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. |
| GO:0031094 |
platelet dense tubular network |
cellular_component |
A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin. |