FAD Synthase Confers Ferroptosis Resistance and Restrains CD8+ T Cell Recruitment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Release date:
2025-08-27
Description:
VB2 metabolism regulates numerous cellular processes, but its role in HCC progression remains unclear. We found that HCC tumors showed upregulation of VB2 metabolism signature, and VB2 metabolism promoted HCC progression. Among VB2 metabolic enzymes, FADS was the only one widely overexpressed in human HCC. Elevated FADS expression correlated with resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy and poor prognosis. In vivo, FADS facilitated HCC cell growth and suppressed T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that FADS affected both tumor cells and CD8+ T cells. FADS knockdown induced HCC cell death and increased CD8+ T cell infiltration. Mechanistically, FADS confers ferroptosis resistance on HCC cells via enzymatic function to produce FAD and non-enzymatic function to stabilize PCBP2. Moreover, FADS impaired CD8+ T cell recruitment by disrupting the cGAS-STING pathway.
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