Targeting TPX2-dependent lineage plasticity in neuroendocrine bladder carcinoma with CDK4/6 inhibition
Release date:
2026-02-16
Description:
Neuroendocrine bladder carcinoma (NEBC) is an aggressive and therapy-resistant cancer with poor prognosis. Through integrated transcriptomic analysis, we identified a lineage plasticity-associated signature and subsequently characterized a subpopulation of bladder cancer cells with high TPX2 expression at the single-cell level, which lack canonical neuroendocrine markers but are associated with adverse clinical outcomes.Functional studies showed that TPX2 promotes lineage plasticity and induces T cell exhaustion. Notably, palbociclib, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor that effectively targeted cell cycle dysregulation, demonstrated potent antitumor effects in preclinical models of both TPX2high and NEBC patients. These findings highlight TPX2high cells as a transitional state in disease progression and suggest that combining CDK4/6 inhibitors with immune checkpoint blockade may improve therapeutic efficacy in NEBC and TPX2high patients.
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