Difference between revisions of "NONHSAT076153"

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Please input one-sentence summary here.  ''PCGEM1'' (Prostate cancer gene expression marker 1) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells that promotes PCa initiation and progression and protects against chemotherapy-induced apoptosis <ref name="ref4" />. PCGEM1 has been characterised as a high-risk PCa marker and a potential biomarker for neoplasms responsive to chemoprevention by phytosterols <ref name="ref2" />.
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''PCGEM1'' (Prostate cancer gene expression marker 1) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells that promotes PCa initiation and progression and protects against chemotherapy-induced apoptosis <ref name="ref4" />.  
  
 
==Annotated Information==
 
==Annotated Information==
Line 6: Line 6:
  
 
===Characteristics===
 
===Characteristics===
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''PCGEM1'' is located at human chromosome 2q32.3 (HGNC), consists of three exons that comprehends 1603 bp (GenBank).
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''PCGEM1'' is located at human chromosome 2q32.3 and spannining the genomic region of spanning the 27054 bp, consists of three exons that comprehends 1603 bp (GenBank) <ref name="ref8" />.
  
 
===Function===
 
===Function===
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Over-expression leads to inhibition of apoptosis induced by doxorubicin <ref name="ref1" />. t PRNCR1 and PCGEM1 successively interact with the
+
[[File:PCGEM1 regulates expression of metabolic enzymes in multiple pathways..jpg|right|thumb|400px|'''''PCGEM1'' regulates expression of metabolic enzymes in multiple pathways.'''Expression of the metabolic genes in PCGEM1 knockdown LNCaP cell was examined by qRT-PCR. Positive and negative values indicate up and down-regulation compared with control cell, respectively.<ref name="ref7" />]]
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androgen receptor (AR) bound at DNA-enhancer regions in a ligand-dependent fashion and facilitate the chromosomal looping between AR-bound enhancers and the promoter sequences of androgen-responsive genes <ref name="ref2" />.
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''PCGEM1'' regulates prostate cancer cell growth, tumor metabolism and proliferation of human synoviocytes <ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref7" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref9" />.  
  
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===Disease===
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''PCGEM1'' regulates metabolism at a transcriptional level that affects multiple metabolic pathways, including glucose and glutamine metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide and fatty acid biosynthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The ''PCGEM1''-mediated gene regulation takes place in part through AR activation, but predominantly through c-Myc activation, regardless of hormone or AR status. ''PCGEM1'' binds directly to target promoters, physically interacts with c-Myc, promotes chromatin recruitment of c-Myc, and enhances its transactivation activity <ref name="ref7" />.
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prostate cancer
+
 
 +
Over-expression of ''PCGEM1'' leads to inhibition of apoptosis induced by doxorubicin <ref name="ref1" />. ''PCGEM1'' and ''PRNCR1'' interact with the
 +
androgen receptor (AR) bound at DNA-enhancer regions in a ligand-dependent fashion and facilitate the chromosomal looping between AR-bound enhancers and the promoter sequences of androgen-responsive genes <ref name="ref2" />.
 +
 
 +
Reciprocal regulation of ''PCGEM1'' and ''miR-145'' promote proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells and nu/nu PCa tumor growth. Both downregulation of a tumor-promoting long noncoding RNA ''PCGEM1'' or overexpression of the tumor suppressor ''miR-145'' reduced the proliferation and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo <ref name="ref4" />.
 +
 
 +
''PCGEM1'' is involved in the hyperplasia of the synovial lining, a common characteristic of  Osteoarthritic (OA). Exogenous overexpression of PCGEM1 inhibited apoptosis, induced autophagy, and stimulated the proliferation of human synoviocytes. The increased expression of ''PCGEM1'' in human synoviocytes also suppressed the expression of ''miR-770''. Transfection of the ''miR-770'' precursor resulted in reduced proliferation, and induced apoptosis of human synoviocytes <ref name="ref9" />.
  
 
===Expression===
 
===Expression===
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''PCGEM1'', was expressed exclusively in human prostate tissue, was dramatically upregulated in PCa tissues compared with normal prostate tissues. Prostate tissue-specific and prostate cancer-associated ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11050243 Srikantan 2000]). Cholesterols upregulate the expression of PCGEM1 even in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines while phytosterols reverse this effect ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19186008 Ifere 2009]). PCGEM1 overexpression in LNCaP and in NIH3T3 cells promotes cell proliferation and a dramatic increase in colony formation, suggesting a biological role of PCGEM1 in cell growth regulation ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14724589 Petrovics 2004]). Low specificity as a biomarker for prostate cancer (14%) ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16515751 Bialkowska-Hobrzanska 2006]).
+
''PCGEM1'', was expressed exclusively in human prostate tissue, was dramatically upregulated in PCa tissues compared with normal prostate tissues. Prostate tissue-specific and prostate cancer-associated <ref name="ref8" />. Cholesterols upregulate the expression of PCGEM1 even in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines while phytosterols reverse this effect <ref name="ref10" />.  
 +
PCGEM1 overexpression in LNCaP and in NIH3T3 cells promotes cell proliferation and a dramatic increase in colony formation, suggesting a biological role of PCGEM1 in cell growth regulation <ref name="ref11" />.  
 +
Overexpression of ''PCGEM1'' stimulates proliferation andInhibits apoptosis of synoviocytes <ref name="ref9" />.
 
{| class='wikitable' style="text-align:center"
 
{| class='wikitable' style="text-align:center"
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| rowspan="1"|Quantitative PCR
 
| rowspan="1"|Quantitative PCR
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| | 5'- TGCCTCAGCCTCCCAAGTAAC-3'
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| |5′-TGCCTCAGCCTCCCAAGTAAC-3′
−
| | 5'-GGCCAAAATAAAACCAAACAT-3'<ref name="ref5" />
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| |5′-GGCCAAAATAAAACCAAACAT-3′<ref name="ref8" />
 
|-
 
|-
 
| rowspan="1"|siRNA
 
| rowspan="1"|siRNA
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| | 5′-GCCCUACCUAUGAUUUCAUAU-3′
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| |5′-GCCCUACCUAUGAUUUCAUAU-3′
−
| | 5′-AUAUGAAAUCAUAGGUAGGGC-3′<ref name="ref4" />
+
| |5′-AUAUGAAAUCAUAGGUAGGGC-3′<ref name="ref4" />
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
 
 
| rowspan="1"|qRT-PCR
 
| rowspan="1"|qRT-PCR
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| | 5′-CACGTGGAGGACTAAGGGTA-3′
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| |5′-CACGTGGAGGACTAAGGGTA-3′
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| | 5′-TTGCAACAAGGGCATTTCAG-3′<ref name="ref4" />
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| |5′-TTGCAACAAGGGCATTTCAG-3′<ref name="ref4" />
 
|}
 
|}
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===Conservation===
 
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Please input conservation information here.
 
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===Misc===
 
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GWAS association with schizophrenia. PCGEM1 polymorphisms may contribute to PCa risk in Chinese men ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23459097 Xue 2013])
 
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===Transcriptomic Nomeclature===
 
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Please input transcriptomic nomeclature information here.
 
  
 
===Regulation===
 
===Regulation===
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Please input regulation information here.
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[[File:PCGEM1.jpg|right|thumb|400px|''' p54/nrb-mediated regulation of ''PCGEM1'''''<ref name="ref6" />]]
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p54/nrb interact with the PCGEM1 promoter and regulate PCGEM1 <ref name="ref6" />.
  
 
===Allelic Information and Variation===
 
===Allelic Information and Variation===
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PCGEM1 polymorphisms may contribute to PCa risk in Chinese men. Men carrying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PCGEM1, i.e. rs6434568 AC and rs16834898 AC, had a lower PCa risk in comparison to the ones harboring CC and AA genotypes, respectively <ref name="ref3" />.  
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''PCGEM1'' polymorphisms may contribute to PCa risk in Chinese men. Men carrying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ''PCGEM1'', i.e. rs6434568 AC and rs16834898 AC, had a lower PCa risk in comparison to the ones harboring CC and AA genotypes, respectively <ref name="ref3" />.
  
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===Evolution===
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===Disease===
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Please input evolution information here.
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* Osteoarthritic
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* Prostate cancer
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You can also add sub-section(s) at will.
 
  
 
==Labs working on this lncRNA==
 
==Labs working on this lncRNA==
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* Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
 
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* Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
 
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* Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
 
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* Graduate Program, Kellogg School of Science and Technology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
 
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* Bioinformatics and System Biology Program, Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
 
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* Neurosciences Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
 
 
* State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.<ref name="ref3" />
 
* State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.<ref name="ref3" />
 
* Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.<ref name="ref3" />
 
* Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.<ref name="ref3" />
Line 70: Line 63:
 
* Department of Laboratory, Central Hospital of Panyu District, 8 Fuyu Dong Road, shiqiao, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P R China.<ref name="ref4" />
 
* Department of Laboratory, Central Hospital of Panyu District, 8 Fuyu Dong Road, shiqiao, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P R China.<ref name="ref4" />
 
* The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China.<ref name="ref4" />
 
* The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China.<ref name="ref4" />
 +
* Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.<ref name="ref6" />
 +
* Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.<ref name="ref6" />
 +
* Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.<ref name="ref6" />
 +
* Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.<ref name="ref6" />
 +
* System Biosciences, Mountain View, CA, USA.<ref name="ref6" />
 +
* Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.<ref name="ref6" />
 +
* Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.<ref name="ref6" />
 +
* College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.<ref name="ref6" />
 +
* Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817.<ref name="ref7" />
 +
* Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.<ref name="ref7" />
 +
* Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799.<ref name="ref7" />
 +
* Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea.<ref name="ref9" />
 +
* Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea.<ref name="ref9" />
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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<ref name="ref1"> Fu X, Ravindranath L, Tran N, Petrovics G & Srivastava S. Regulation of apoptosis by a prostate-specific and prostate cancer-associated noncoding gene, PCGEM1[J]. DNA and cell biology. 2006, 25(3):135-141.
 
<ref name="ref1"> Fu X, Ravindranath L, Tran N, Petrovics G & Srivastava S. Regulation of apoptosis by a prostate-specific and prostate cancer-associated noncoding gene, PCGEM1[J]. DNA and cell biology. 2006, 25(3):135-141.
 
</ref>(1)
 
</ref>(1)
−
<ref name="ref2"> Martens-Uzunova ES, Böttcher R, Croce CM, Jenster G, Visakorpi T & Calin GA. Long Noncoding RNA in Prostate, Bladder, and Kidney Cancer[J]. European Urology. 2014, 65(6):1140-1151.
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<ref name="ref2">Martens-Uzunova ES, Böttcher R, Croce CM, Jenster G, Visakorpi T & Calin GA. Long noncoding RNA in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer[J]. European Urology. 2014, 65(6):1140-1151.
 
</ref>(2)
 
</ref>(2)
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<ref name="ref3"> Xue Y, Wang M, Kang M, et al. Association between lncrna PCGEM1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk[J]. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases. 2013, 16(2):139.
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<ref name="ref3"> Xue Y, Wang M, Kang M, Wang Q, Wu B, Chu H et al. Association between lncrna PCGEM1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk[J]. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases. 2013, 16(2):139.
 
</ref>(3)
 
</ref>(3)
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<ref name="ref4"> He J H, Zhang J, Han Z P, et al. Reciprocal regulation of PCGEM1 and miR-145 promote proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells[J]. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 2014, 33(1):72.
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<ref name="ref4"> He J-H, Zhang J-z, Han Z-P, Wang L, Lv YB & Li Y-G. Reciprocal regulation of PCGEM1 and miR-145 promote proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells[J]. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 2014, 33(1):72.
 
</ref>(4)
 
</ref>(4)
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<ref name="ref5"> Srikantan V, Zou Z, Petrovics G, et al. PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene, is overexpressed in prostate cancer[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2000, 97(22):12216-12221.
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<ref name="ref6"> Ho T-T, Huang J, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Koirala P, Zhou X et al. Regulation of PCGEM1 by p54/nrb in prostate cancer[J]. Sci Rep-Uk. 2016,  6:34529.
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</ref>(5)
+
</ref>(6)
 +
<ref name="ref7"> Hung C-L, Wang L-Y, Yu Y-L, Chen H-W, Srivastava S, Petrovics G et al. A long noncoding RNA connects c-Myc to tumor metabolism[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014, 111(52):18697-18702.
 +
</ref>(7)
 +
<ref name="ref8"> Srikantan V, Zou Z, Petrovics G, Xu L, Augustus M, Davis L et al. PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene, is overexpressed in prostate cancer[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2000, 97(22):12216-12221.
 +
</ref>(8)
 +
<ref name="ref9"> Kang Y, Song J, Kim D, Ahn C, Park S, Chun CH et al. PCGEM1 stimulates proliferation of osteoarthritic synoviocytes by acting as a sponge for miR‐770[J]. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2016, 34(3):412-418.
 +
</ref>(9)
 +
<ref name="ref10"> Ifere GO, Barr E, Equan A, Gordon K, Singh UP, Chaudhary J et al. Differential effects of cholesterol and phytosterols on cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression of a prostate specific gene in prostate cancer cell lines[J]. Cancer Detection and Prevention. 2009, 32(4):319-328.
 +
</ref>(10)
 +
<ref name="ref11"> Petrovics G, Zhang W, Makarem M, Street JP, Connelly R, Sun L et al. Elevated expression of PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene with cell growth-promoting function, is associated with high-risk prostate cancer patients[J]. Oncogene. 2004, 23(2):605.
 +
</ref>(11)
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
−
{{basic|
+
===Sequence===
−
tID = NONHSAT076153|
+
>gi|64002|ref|NR_002769.1| Homo sapiens PCGEM1, prostate-specific transcript (PCGEM1), long non-coding RNA <dnaseq>aaggcactctggcacccagttttggaactgcagttttaaaagtcataaattgaatgaaaatgatagcaaaggtggaggtttttaaagagctatttataggtccctggacagcatcttttttcaattaggcagcaacctttttgccctatgccgtaacctgtgtctgcaacttcctctaattgggaaatagttaagcagattcatagagctgaatgataaaattgtactacgagatgcactgggactcaacgtgaccttatcaagtgagcaggcttggtgcatttgacacttcatgatatcagccaaagtggaactaaaaacagctcctggaagaggactatgacatcatcaggttgggagtctccagggacagcggaccctttggaaaaggactagaaagtgtgaaatctattagtcttcgatatgaaattctctgtctctgtaaaagcatttcatatttacaagacacaggcctactcctagggcagcaaaaagtggcaacaggcaagcagagggaaaagagatcatgaggcatttcagagtgcactgtcttttcatatatttctcaatgccgtatgtttggttttattttggccaagcataacaatctgctcaagaaaaaaaaatctggagaaaacaaaggtgcctttgccaatgttatgtttctttttgacaagccctgagatttctgaggggaattcacataaatgggatcaggtcattcatttacgttgtgtgcaaatatgatttaaagatacaacctttgcagagagcatgctttcctaagggtaggcacgtggaggactaagggtaaagcattcttcaagatcagttaatcaagaaaggtgctctttgcattctgaaatgcccttgttgcaaatattggttatattgattaaatttacacttaatggaaacaacctttaacttacagatgaacaaacccacaaaagcaaaaaatcaaaagccctacctatgatttcatattttctgtgtaactggattaaaggattcctgcttgcttttgggcataaatgataatggaatatttccaggtattgtttaaaatgagggcccatctacaaattcttagcaatactttggataattctaaaattcagctggacattgtctaattgttttttatatacatctttgctagaatttcaaattttaagtatgtgaatttagttaattagctgtgctgatcaattcaaaaacattactttcctaaattttagactatgaaggtcataaattcaacaaatatatctacacatacaattatagattgtttttcattataatgtcttcatcttaacagaattgtctttgtgattgtttttagaaaactgagagttttaattcataattacttgatcaaaaaattgtgggaacaatccagcattaattgtatgtgattgtttttatgtacataaggagtcttaagcttggtgccttgaagtcttttgtacttagtcccatgtttaaaattactactttatatctaaagcatttatgtttttcaattcaatttacatgatgctaattatggcaattataacaaatattaaagatttcgaaatagaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa</dnaseq>
−
source = NONCODE4.0|
 
−
same = ,|
 
−
classification = intergenic|
 
−
length = 1603 nt|
 
−
location = chr2+:193614571..193641625|
 
−
number = 3|
 
−
exons = 193614571..193614754,193615515..193615598,193640304..193641625|
 
−
context = <html><div align="center">
 
−
<iframe src="http://lncrna.big.ac.cn/view/?data=species/human&loc=chr2:193614571..193641625&tracklist=0&overview=0&tracks=DNA,RefGene,lncRNA" style=" border-width:0 " width="100%" height="250" scrolling="yes"></iframe>
 
−
</div></html>|
 
−
sequence =  
 
−
>gi|64002|ref|NR_002769.1| Homo sapiens PCGEM1, prostate-specific transcript (PCGEM1), long non-coding RNA <dnaseq>aaggcactctggcacccagttttggaactgcagttttaaaagtcataaattgaatgaaaatgatagcaaaggtggaggtttttaaagagctatttataggtccctggacagcatcttttttcaattaggcagcaacctttttgccctatgccgtaacctgtgtctgcaacttcctctaattgggaaatagttaagcagattcatagagctgaatgataaaattgtactacgagatgcactgggactcaacgtgaccttatcaagtgagcaggcttggtgcatttgacacttcatgatatcagccaaagtggaactaaaaacagctcctggaagaggactatgacatcatcaggttgggagtctccagggacagcggaccctttggaaaaggactagaaagtgtgaaatctattagtcttcgatatgaaattctctgtctctgtaaaagcatttcatatttacaagacacaggcctactcctagggcagcaaaaagtggcaacaggcaagcagagggaaaagagatcatgaggcatttcagagtgcactgtcttttcatatatttctcaatgccgtatgtttggttttattttggccaagcataacaatctgctcaagaaaaaaaaatctggagaaaacaaaggtgcctttgccaatgttatgtttctttttgacaagccctgagatttctgaggggaattcacataaatgggatcaggtcattcatttacgttgtgtgcaaatatgatttaaagatacaacctttgcagagagcatgctttcctaagggtaggcacgtggaggactaagggtaaagcattcttcaagatcagttaatcaagaaaggtgctctttgcattctgaaatgcccttgttgcaaatattggttatattgattaaatttacacttaatggaaacaacctttaacttacagatgaacaaacccacaaaagcaaaaaatcaaaagccctacctatgatttcatattttctgtgtaactggattaaaggattcctgcttgcttttgggcataaatgataatggaatatttccaggtattgtttaaaatgagggcccatctacaaattcttagcaatactttggataattctaaaattcagctggacattgtctaattgttttttatatacatctttgctagaatttcaaattttaagtatgtgaatttagttaattagctgtgctgatcaattcaaaaacattactttcctaaattttagactatgaaggtcataaattcaacaaatatatctacacatacaattatagattgtttttcattataatgtcttcatcttaacagaattgtctttgtgattgtttttagaaaactgagagttttaattcataattacttgatcaaaaaattgtgggaacaatccagcattaattgtatgtgattgtttttatgtacataaggagtcttaagcttggtgccttgaagtcttttgtacttagtcccatgtttaaaattactactttatatctaaagcatttatgtttttcaattcaatttacatgatgctaattatggcaattataacaaatattaaagatttcgaaatagaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa</dnaseq>|
 
−
}}
 
−
[[Category:Intergenic]][[Category:NONHSAG030128]][[Category:Transcripts]]
 

Latest revision as of 02:28, 15 November 2018

PCGEM1 (Prostate cancer gene expression marker 1) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells that promotes PCa initiation and progression and protects against chemotherapy-induced apoptosis [1].

Annotated Information

Name

PCGEM1: Prostate-specific transcript, LINC00071 (HGNC)

Characteristics

PCGEM1 is located at human chromosome 2q32.3 and spannining the genomic region of spanning the 27054 bp, consists of three exons that comprehends 1603 bp (GenBank) [2].

Function

PCGEM1 regulates expression of metabolic enzymes in multiple pathways.Expression of the metabolic genes in PCGEM1 knockdown LNCaP cell was examined by qRT-PCR. Positive and negative values indicate up and down-regulation compared with control cell, respectively.[3]

PCGEM1 regulates prostate cancer cell growth, tumor metabolism and proliferation of human synoviocytes [1][3][4][5].

PCGEM1 regulates metabolism at a transcriptional level that affects multiple metabolic pathways, including glucose and glutamine metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide and fatty acid biosynthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The PCGEM1-mediated gene regulation takes place in part through AR activation, but predominantly through c-Myc activation, regardless of hormone or AR status. PCGEM1 binds directly to target promoters, physically interacts with c-Myc, promotes chromatin recruitment of c-Myc, and enhances its transactivation activity [3].

Over-expression of PCGEM1 leads to inhibition of apoptosis induced by doxorubicin [6]. PCGEM1 and PRNCR1 interact with the androgen receptor (AR) bound at DNA-enhancer regions in a ligand-dependent fashion and facilitate the chromosomal looping between AR-bound enhancers and the promoter sequences of androgen-responsive genes [4].

Reciprocal regulation of PCGEM1 and miR-145 promote proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells and nu/nu PCa tumor growth. Both downregulation of a tumor-promoting long noncoding RNA PCGEM1 or overexpression of the tumor suppressor miR-145 reduced the proliferation and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo [1].

PCGEM1 is involved in the hyperplasia of the synovial lining, a common characteristic of Osteoarthritic (OA). Exogenous overexpression of PCGEM1 inhibited apoptosis, induced autophagy, and stimulated the proliferation of human synoviocytes. The increased expression of PCGEM1 in human synoviocytes also suppressed the expression of miR-770. Transfection of the miR-770 precursor resulted in reduced proliferation, and induced apoptosis of human synoviocytes [5].

Expression

PCGEM1, was expressed exclusively in human prostate tissue, was dramatically upregulated in PCa tissues compared with normal prostate tissues. Prostate tissue-specific and prostate cancer-associated [2]. Cholesterols upregulate the expression of PCGEM1 even in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines while phytosterols reverse this effect [7]. PCGEM1 overexpression in LNCaP and in NIH3T3 cells promotes cell proliferation and a dramatic increase in colony formation, suggesting a biological role of PCGEM1 in cell growth regulation [8]. Overexpression of PCGEM1 stimulates proliferation andInhibits apoptosis of synoviocytes [5].

Experiment Forward primer Reverse primer
Quantitative PCR 5′-TGCCTCAGCCTCCCAAGTAAC-3′ 5′-GGCCAAAATAAAACCAAACAT-3′[2]
siRNA 5′-GCCCUACCUAUGAUUUCAUAU-3′ 5′-AUAUGAAAUCAUAGGUAGGGC-3′[1]
qRT-PCR 5′-CACGTGGAGGACTAAGGGTA-3′ 5′-TTGCAACAAGGGCATTTCAG-3′[1]

Regulation

p54/nrb-mediated regulation of PCGEM1[9]

p54/nrb interact with the PCGEM1 promoter and regulate PCGEM1 [9].

Allelic Information and Variation

PCGEM1 polymorphisms may contribute to PCa risk in Chinese men. Men carrying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PCGEM1, i.e. rs6434568 AC and rs16834898 AC, had a lower PCa risk in comparison to the ones harboring CC and AA genotypes, respectively [10].

Disease

  • Osteoarthritic
  • Prostate cancer

Labs working on this lncRNA

  • State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.[10]
  • Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.[10]
  • Department of Genetic Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.[10]
  • Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.[10]
  • Department of Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China. [10]
  • Department of Laboratory, Central Hospital of Panyu District, 8 Fuyu Dong Road, shiqiao, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P R China.[1]
  • The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China.[1]
  • Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.[9]
  • Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.[9]
  • Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.[9]
  • Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.[9]
  • System Biosciences, Mountain View, CA, USA.[9]
  • Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.[9]
  • Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.[9]
  • College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.[9]
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817.[3]
  • Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.[3]
  • Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799.[3]
  • Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea.[5]
  • Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea.[5]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 He J-H, Zhang J-z, Han Z-P, Wang L, Lv YB & Li Y-G. Reciprocal regulation of PCGEM1 and miR-145 promote proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells[J]. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 2014, 33(1):72.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Srikantan V, Zou Z, Petrovics G, Xu L, Augustus M, Davis L et al. PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene, is overexpressed in prostate cancer[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2000, 97(22):12216-12221.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Hung C-L, Wang L-Y, Yu Y-L, Chen H-W, Srivastava S, Petrovics G et al. A long noncoding RNA connects c-Myc to tumor metabolism[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014, 111(52):18697-18702.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Martens-Uzunova ES, Böttcher R, Croce CM, Jenster G, Visakorpi T & Calin GA. Long noncoding RNA in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer[J]. European Urology. 2014, 65(6):1140-1151.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Kang Y, Song J, Kim D, Ahn C, Park S, Chun CH et al. PCGEM1 stimulates proliferation of osteoarthritic synoviocytes by acting as a sponge for miR‐770[J]. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2016, 34(3):412-418.
  6. ↑ Fu X, Ravindranath L, Tran N, Petrovics G & Srivastava S. Regulation of apoptosis by a prostate-specific and prostate cancer-associated noncoding gene, PCGEM1[J]. DNA and cell biology. 2006, 25(3):135-141.
  7. ↑ Ifere GO, Barr E, Equan A, Gordon K, Singh UP, Chaudhary J et al. Differential effects of cholesterol and phytosterols on cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression of a prostate specific gene in prostate cancer cell lines[J]. Cancer Detection and Prevention. 2009, 32(4):319-328.
  8. ↑ Petrovics G, Zhang W, Makarem M, Street JP, Connelly R, Sun L et al. Elevated expression of PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene with cell growth-promoting function, is associated with high-risk prostate cancer patients[J]. Oncogene. 2004, 23(2):605.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 Ho T-T, Huang J, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Koirala P, Zhou X et al. Regulation of PCGEM1 by p54/nrb in prostate cancer[J]. Sci Rep-Uk. 2016, 6:34529.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Xue Y, Wang M, Kang M, Wang Q, Wu B, Chu H et al. Association between lncrna PCGEM1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk[J]. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases. 2013, 16(2):139.

Sequence

>gi|64002|ref|NR_002769.1| Homo sapiens PCGEM1, prostate-specific transcript (PCGEM1), long non-coding RNA
000001 aaggcactct ggcacccagt tttggaactg cagttttaaa agtcataaat tgaatgaaaa tgatagcaaa ggtggaggtt 000080
000081 tttaaagagc tatttatagg tccctggaca gcatcttttt tcaattaggc agcaaccttt ttgccctatg ccgtaacctg 000160
000161 tgtctgcaac ttcctctaat tgggaaatag ttaagcagat tcatagagct gaatgataaa attgtactac gagatgcact 000240
000241 gggactcaac gtgaccttat caagtgagca ggcttggtgc atttgacact tcatgatatc agccaaagtg gaactaaaaa 000320
000321 cagctcctgg aagaggacta tgacatcatc aggttgggag tctccaggga cagcggaccc tttg