NONHSAT022111

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Annotated Information

Name

Neat1: Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1. Short isoform - Neat1 v1. Short isoform - MEN epsilon. Long isoform - MEN beta. VINC: Virus-inducible ncRNA

Characteristics

Two isoforms: ~3.7 (NEAT1 v1/ MEN epsilon) and ~23 kb (NEAT1 v2/ MEN beta) transcribed from the MEN1 locus (Guru (1997), Saha (2006), Hutchinson (2007), Sunwoo (2009)). Intergenic, single exon transcript. One transcriptional start site, long isoform is a continuation of the short isoform (Hutchinson (2007)).

Function

Transcription of Neat1 is essential for the assembly, maintenance and structural integrity of paraspeckles (Clemson (2009), Sasaki (2009), Sunwoo (2009), Mao (2011)). Newly transcribed Neat1 RNA nucleates the formation of paraspeckles at its transcription site, recruiting paraspeckle proteins. Continued expression is required to maintain paraspeckles, identifying the dynamic nature of this nuclear body (Mao (2011)). Literature currently provides conflicting evidence about whether Neat1 v1 is sufficient for the formation of paraspeckles, or if this requires full length Neat1 v2 (Sasaki (2009), Shevtsov (2011)). In vivo however, significant expression of Neat1 v2 appears to be required for cells to form more than 1 or 2 paraspeckles (Nakagawa (2011)). Neat1 appears to constrain the size and mediate the cylindrical geometry of paraspeckles. Neat1 short and the identical 5' end of Neat1 long plus the 3' of Neat1 long all localise to the periphery of paraspeckles, while the central region of Neat1 long is found in the interior of the nuclear body (Souquere (2010)). Interacts with paraspeckles proteins PSPC1, PSF/SFPQ and NONO/P54NRB either directly or in a complex (Clemson (2009), Sasaki (2009), Sunwoo (2009)). Interaction of short isoform with p54 requires protein interaction regions near the 5' and 3' of the transcript (Murthy (2010)). Neat1 knockout lead to loss of paraspeckles, however mice were viable and fertile with normal morphology and populations of differentiated cells in one Neat1 v1 and v2 expressing tissue tested (Nakagawa (2011)). Neat1 has also been reported to interact with a number of chromatin binding protein/complexes in mouse embryonic stem cells including PRC1, PRC2, JARID1B, ESET and SUV39H1, with the general pattern being interaction with repressors of gene expression (Guttman (2011)).

Expression

Expressed in a wide range of human and mouse tissues (Peyman (1999), Saha (2006), Hutchinson (2007), Sunwoo (2009)). Although expression of the long isoform (Neat1 v2/ Men beta) is much lower than Neat1 v1/ Men epsilon in many tissues (Nakagawa (2011)). Up-regulation of Neat1 (and subsequent formation of/increase in paraspeckles) may be a general feature of differentiation. Neat1 is up-regulated upon human ESC differentiation (Chen (2009)), muscle differentiation (Sunwoo (2009)) and in-vitro neuronal differentiation (Mercer (2010)). Up-regulated upon infection of mice with Japanese encephalitis virus or Rabies virus (Saha (2006)). Expressed in the nucleus accumbens of normal human brains and upregulated in this brain region in heroin abusers (Michelhaugh (2010)). In addition, expression levels are elevated in the caudate nucleus of patients suffering from the neurodegenerative condition, Huntington's disease (Johnson (2012)). Localised to paraspeckles within the nucleus (Hutchinson (2007), Sunwoo (2009)). Mouse Neat1 found to be highly unstable (half-life <2 hr) in N2A (neuroblastoma) and 3T3 cells, although low stability did not prevent paraspeckle formation (Friedel (2009), Clark (2012)), while human NEAT1 appears to be more stable (Friedel (2009), Sasaki (2009), Sunwoo (2009)). The two Neat1 isoforms also have differing stability, with the long (v2/Men beta) isoform more stable than than the shorter (v1/Men epsilon) isoform in N2A and 3T3 cells (Clark (2012)).

Conservation

Placental mammals. Dog Neat1 is found in several genomic locations, version that is found near single dog Malat1 gene is given below (Hutchinson (2007)).

Misc

A conserved tRNA like sequence at the 3' end is cleaved off and processed to generate a short tRNA-like ncRNA from the long (Men beta) transcript, similar to Malat1 (Sunwoo (2009)). The last ~500bp of the short (Men epsilon) isoform has been shown to be expressed in trophoblast cells with a function potentially independent from the Neat1 transcript. This transcript, TncRNA has its own entry.

Transcriptomic Nomeclature

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Regulation

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Allelic Information and Variation

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Evolution

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Labs working on this lncRNA

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References

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Basic Information

Transcript ID	NONHSAT022111
Source	NONCODE4.0
Same with	,
Classification	intergenic
Length	3756 nt
Genomic location	chr11+:65190269..65194003
Exon number	1
Exons	65190269..65194003
Genome context
Sequence	000001 GGAGTTAGCG ACAGGGAGGG ATGCGCGCCT GGGTGTAGTT GTGGGGGAGG AAGTGGCTAG CTCAGGGCTT CAGGGGACAG 000080 000081 ACAGGGAGAG ATGACTGAGT TAGATGAGAC GAGGGGGCGG GCTGGGGGTG CGAGAAGGAA GCTTGGCAAG GAGACTAGGT 000160 000161 CTAGGGGGAC CACAGTGGGG CAGGCTGCAT GGAAAATATC CGCAGGGTCC CCCAGGCAGA ACAGCCACGC TCCAGGCCAG 000240 000241 GCTGTCCCTA CTGCCTGGTG GAGGGGGAAC TTGACCTCTG GGAGGGCGCC GCTCTTGCAT AGCTGAGCGA GCCCGGGTGC 000320 000321 GCTGGTCTGT GTGGAAGGAG GAAGGCAGGG AGAGGTAGAA GGGGTGGAGG AGTCAGGAGG AATAGGCCGC AGCAGCCCTG 000400 000401 GAAATGATCA GGAAGGCAGG CAGTGGGTGC AGGGCTGCAG GAGGGCCGGG AGGGCTAATC TTCAACTTGT CCATGCCAGC 000480 000481 AGCCCCTTTT TTTCCAGACC AAGGGCTGTG AACCCGCCTG GGGATGAGGC CTGGTCTTGT GGAACTGAAC TTAGCTCGAC 000560 000561 GGGGCTGACC GCTCTGGCCC AGGGTGGTAT GTAATTTTCG CTCGGCCTGG GACGGGGCCC AGGCCGGGCC CAGCCTGGTG 000640 000641 GAGCGTCCAG GTCTGGGTGC GAAGCCAGGC CCCTGGGCGG AGGTGAGGGG TGGTCTGAGG AGTGATGTGG AGTTAAGGCG 000720 000721 CCATCCTCAC CGGTGACTGG TGCGGCACCT AGCATGTTTG ACAGGCGGGG ACTGCGAGGC ACGCTGCTCG GGTGTTGGGG 000800 000801 ACAACATTGA CCAACGCTTT ATTTTCCAGG TGGCAGTGCT CCTTTTGGAC TTTTCTCTAG GTTTGGCGCT AAACTCTTCT 000880 000881 TGTGAGCTCA CTCCACCCCT TCTTCCTCCC TTTAACTTAT CCATTCACTT AAAACATTAC CTGGTCATCT GGTAAGCCCG 000960 000961 GGACAGTAAG CCGAGTGGCT GTTGGAGTCG GTATTGTTGG TAATGGTGGA GGAAGAGAGG CCTTCCCGCT GAGGCTGGGG 001040 001041 TGGGGCGGAT CGGTGTTGCT TGCCTGCAGA GAGGGTGGGG AGTGAATGTG CACCCTTGGG TGGGCCTGCA GCCATCCAGC 001120 001121 TGAAAGTTAC AAAAATGCTT CATGGACCGT GGTTTGTTAC TATAGTGTTC CTCATGGCGA GCAGATGGAA CCGGGAGACA 001200 001201 TGGAGTCCCT GGCCAGTGTG AGTCCTAGCA TTGCAGGAGG GGAGACCCTG GAGGAGAGAG CCCGCCTCAA TTGATGCCTG 001280 001281 CAGATTGAAT TTCCAGAGGC TTAGGAGGAG GAAGTTCTCC AATGTTCTGT TTCCAGGCCT TGCTCAGGAA GCCCTGTATT 001360 001361 CAGGAGGCTA CCATTTAAAG TTTGCAGATG AGCTTATGGG GGGCAATCTT AAAAAGTCCA CAGCAGATGC ATCCGGCTCG 001440 001441 AGGGGCCATC AGCTTTGAAT AAATGCTTGT TCCAGAGCCC ATGAATGCCA GCAGGCACCC CTCCTTTCCT GGGGTAAAGG 001520 001521 TTTTCAGATG CTGCATCTTC TAAATTGAGC CTCCGGTCAT ACTAGTTTTG TGCTTGGAAC CTTGCTTCAA GAAGATCCCT 001600 001601 AAGCTGTAGA ACATTTTAAC GTTGATGCCA CAACGCAGAT TGATGCCTTG TAGATGGAGC TTGCAGATGG AGCCCCGTGA 001680 001681 CCTCTCACCT ACCCACCTGT TTGCCTGCCT TCTTGTGCGT TTCTCGGAGA AGTTCTTAGC CTGATGAAAT AACTTGGGGC 001760 001761 GTTGAAGAGC TGTTTAATTT TAAATGCCTT AGACTGGGGA TATATTAGAG GAAGCAGATT GTCAAATTAA GGGTGTCATT 001840 001841 GTGTTGTGCT AAACGCTGGG AGGGTACAAG TTGGTCATTC CTAAATCTGT GTGTGAGAAA TGGCAGGTCT AGTTTGGGCA 001920 001921 TTGTGATTGC ATTGCAGATT ACTAGGAGAA GGGAATGGTG GGTACACCGG TAGTGCTCTT TTGTTCTTGC TTCGTTTTTT 002000 002001 TAAACTTGAA CTTTACTTCG TTAGATTTCA TAATACTTTC TTGGCATTCT AGTAAGAGGA CCCTGAGGTG GGAGTTGTGG 002080 002081 GGGACGGGGA GAAGGGGACA GCTTGGCACC GGTCCCGTGG GCGTTGCAGT GTGGGGGATG GGGGTATGCA GCTTGGCACT 002160 002161 GGTACTGGGA GGGATGAGGG TGAAGAAGGG GAGAGGGTTG GTTAGAGATA CAGTGTGGGT GGTGGGGGTG GTAGGAAATG 002240 002241 CAGGTTGAAG GGAATTCTCT GGGGCTTTGG GGAATTTAGT GCGTGGGTGA GCCAAGAAAA TACTAATTAA TAATAGTAAG 002320 002321 TTGTTAGTGT TGGTTAAGTT GTTGCTTGGA AGTGAGAAGT TGCTTAGAAA CTTTCCAAAG TGCTTAGAAC TTTAAGTGCA 002400 002401 AACAGACAAA CTAACAAACA AAAATTGTTT TGCTTTGCTA CAAGGTGGGG AAGACTGAAG AAGTGTTAAC TGAAAACAGG 002480 002481 TGACACAGAG TCACCAGTTT TCCGAGAACC AAAGGGAGGG GTGTGTGATG CCATCTCACA GGCAGGGGAA ATGTCTTTAC 002560 002561 CAGCTTCCTC CTGGTGGCCA AGACAGCCTG TTTCAGAGGG TTGTTTTGTT TGGGGTGTGG GTGTTATCAA GTGAATTAGT 002640 002641 CACTTGAAAG ATGGGCGTCA GACTTGCATA CGCAGCAGAT CAGCATCCTT CGCTGCCCCT TAGCAACTTA GGTGGTTGAT 002720 002721 TTGAAACTGT GAAGGTGTGA TTTTTTCAGG AGCTGGAAGT CTTAGAAAAG CCTTGTAAAT GCCTATATTG TGGGCTTTTA 002800 002801 ACGTATTTAA GGGACCACTT AAGACGAGAT TAGATGGGCT CTTCTGGATT TGTTCCTCAT TTGTCACAGG TGTCTTGTGA 002880 002881 TTGAAAATCA TGAGCGAAGT GAAATTGCAT TGAATTTCAA GGGAATTTAG TATGTAAATC GTGCCTTAGA AACACATCTG 002960 002961 TTGTCTTTTC TGTGTTTGGT CGATATTAAT AATGGCAAAA TTTTTGCCTA TCTAGTATCT TCAAATTGTA GTCTTTGTAA 003040 003041 CAACCAAATA ACCTTTTGTG GTCACTGTAA AATTAATATT TGGTAGACAG AATCCATGTA CCTTTGCTAA GGTTAGAATG 003120 003121 AATAATTTAT TGTATTTTTA ATTTGAATGT TTGTGCTTTT TAAATGAGCC AAGACTAGAG GGGAAACTAT CACCTAAAAT 003200 003201 CAGTTTGGAA AACAAGACCT AAAAAGGGAA GGGGATGGGG ATTGTGGGGA GAGAGTGGGC GAGGTGCCTT TACTACATGT 003280 003281 GTGATCTGAA AACCCTGCTT GGTTCTGAGC TGCGTCTATT GAATTGGTAA AGTAATACCA ATGGCTTTTT ATCATTTCCT 003360 003361 TCTTCCCTTT AAGTTTCACT TGAAATTTTA AAAATCATGG TTATTTTTAT CGTTGGGATC TTTCTGTCTT CTGGGTTCCA 003440 003441 TTTTTTAAAT GTTTAAAAAT ATGTTGACAT GGTAGTTCAG TTCTTAACCA ATGACTTGGG GATGATGCAA ACAATTACTG 003520 003521 TCGTTGGGAT TTAGAGTGTA TTAGTCACGC ATGTATGGGG AAGTAGTCTC GGGTATGCTG TTGTGAAATT GAAACTGTAA 003600 003601 AAGTAGATGG TTGAAAGTAC TGGTATGTTG CTCTGTATGG TAAGAACTAA TTCTGTTACG TCATGTACAT AATTACTAAT 003680 003681 CACTTTTCTT CCCCTTTACA GCACAAATAA AGTTTGAGTT CTAAACTCAT TAGAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA

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