Lnc-EPCAM-1:2
BCYRN1-The shortest, long, non-coding RNA associated with cancer
Contents
Annotated Information
Approved Symbol
BCYRN1
Name
BCYRN1: brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 [1][2] BC200 [1][2]
Characteristics
BCYRN1 is a shortest known long noncoding RNA with a length of 200bps[3]. BCYRN1 is sense-transcribed from its gene locus situated on human chromosome 2 between the protein-coding genes for calmodulin 2 (CALM2) and epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EPCAM)[1][2]. BCYRN1 is relatively recent, no orthologs of BCYRN1 have been identified outside of the primate order [4]. BCYRN1 is found in the primate brain, Among neural cells, BCYRN1 is highly expressed in dendrites, where is it thought to play a role in local translational control [3]. BCYRN1 is a tissue-specific Pol III transcript, altering the view that Pol III was only responsible for the synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) and 5 S ribosomal RNA [5][6][7]. BCYRN1 RNA sequence revealed three distinct sequence domains: a 5′ Alu element, a central adenosine-rich region and a 3′, 43-nucleotide, unique region containing a cytosine-rich stretch [8]. BCYRN1 has a 5′ Alu element that has very high sequence homology to the Alu-J repetitive element found in the human genome and the Alu domain of 7SL RNA [8].
Function
BCYRN1 is important in several key features of cancer – like cell proliferation, survival and migration [3] BCYRN1 may act as a linker between certain proteins and mRNAs, allowing transient regulation and/or modification [3] BCYRN1 exerts its translational inhibitory effects by acting as a competitor for PABP [9] BCYRN1and BC1 interfere with eIF4A's catalytic mechanism by blocking the factor's helicase activity, while enhancing its ATPase activity [10] BCYRN1 is linked wit necrosis [3]
Regulation
TATA box and internal promoter elements play a critical role in transcription of BCYRN1 [3]
Expression
long noncoding RNA BCYRN1 is expressed predominantly in different regions of the brain. It also shows low level expression in testis but not in other normal tissues examined [3] [8] BCYRN1 is disregulated in cancer and is expressed in a number of human tumours but not in corresponding normal [3] BCYRN1 expression decreases with aging but is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD affected brain regions, expression increased with disease severity [3] BCYRN1 also suggested to localise to dendrites [3]
Disease
- Alzheimer's disease [3]
- Breast cancer [3]
- Cervix cancer [3]
- Colon cancer [3]
- Lung cancer [3]
- Oesophagus cancer [3]
- Ovary cancer [3]
- Parotid cancer [3]
- Stomach cancer [3]
- Tongue cancer [3]
Labs working on this lncRNA
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Laboratory, Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- Clinical Medicine of Undergraduate, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Basile V., Vicente A., Martignetti J.A., Skryabin B.V., Brosius J., Kennedy J.L. Assignment of the human BC200 RNA gene (BCYRN1) to chromosome 2p16 by radiation hybrid mapping. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 1998;82:271–272.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ludwig A., Rozhdestvensky T.S., Kuryshev V.Y., Schmitz J., Brosius J. An unusual primate locus that attracted two independent Alu insertions and facilitates their transcription. J. Mol. Biol. 2005;350:200–210.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 Samson J, Cronin S & Dean K. BC200 (BCYRN1)–The shortest, long, non-coding RNA associated with cancer[J]. Non-coding RNA research. 2018.
- ↑ Martignetti J.A., Brosius J. BC200 RNA : a neural RNA polymerase III product encoded by a monomeric Alu element. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am. 1993;90:11563–11567.
- ↑ Martignetti J.A., Brosius J. BC200 RNA : a neural RNA polymerase III product encoded by a monomeric Alu element. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am. 1993;90:11563–11567.
- ↑ Dieci G., Fiorino G., Castelnuovo M., Teichmann M., Pagano A. The expanding RNA polymerase III transcriptome. Trends Genet. 2007;23:614–622.
- ↑ White R.J. Transcription by RNA polymerase III: more complex than we thought. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2011;12:459–463.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Tiedge H., Chen W., Brosius J. Primary structure, neural-specific expression, and dendritic location of human BC200 RNA. J. Neurosci. 1993;13 2382 LP-2390.
- ↑ Khanam T., Rozhdestvensky T.S., Bundman M., Galiveti C.R., Handel S., Sukonina V. Two primate-specific small non-protein-coding RNAs in transgenic mice: neuronal expression, subcellular localization and binding partners. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35:529–539.
- ↑ Lin D., Pestova T.V., Hellen C.U.T., Tiedge H. Translational control by a small RNA: dendritic BC1 RNA targets the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A helicase mechanism. Mol. Cell Biol. 2008;28:3008–3019.
Sequence
>gi|618|ref|NR_001568.1|Homo sapiens brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 (BCYRN1), long non-coding RNA
000081 TCGAGACCTG CCTGGGCAAT ATAGCGAGAC CCCGTTCTCC AGAAAAAGGA AAAAAAAAAA CAAAAGACAA AAAAAAAATA 000160
000161 AGCGTAACTT CCCTCAAAGC AACAACCCCC CCCCCCCTTT
