Liposomes are versatile drug carriers which can be used to solve problems of drug solubility, instability and rapid degradation. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs can be associated with liposomes and special techniques have been developed for the efficient loading of weak acids and weak bases into liposomes. Liposomes can function as sustained release systems for drugs and the rate of release can be manipulated. Advantage can be taken of the substantial changes in pharmacokinetics which often accompanies the association of drugs with liposomes. New formulations of liposomes, sterically stabilised with substances like surface-grafted polyethylene glycol have circulating half-lives in humans of up to 2 days. These long circulation times allow concentration of liposomal drug in regions of increased vascular permeability like solid tumours an decreased delivery of drug to normal tissues. Alterations of the biodistribution of drugs, when they are liposomes-associated, in general leads to significant overall decreases in drug toxicity but can also increase toxicity in some tissues. The use of targeting ligands to increase the selectivity of delivery of liposomal drugs to target tissues is currently under development. An understanding of how liposome association can alter drug properties can lead to their rational development in the treatment of many diseases.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1996;13(3-4):257-388
[PMID:
9016383]
FASEB J. 1993 Apr 1;7(6):572-9
[PMID:
8097173]
Cancer Res. 1993 Dec 15;53(24):5877-81
[PMID:
7903197]
Cancer Treat Rev. 1996 Sep;22(5):365-79
[PMID:
9118122]
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Apr;281(1):566-73
[PMID:
9103545]
Biochemistry. 1997 Apr 1;36(13):3773-81
[PMID:
9092806]
J Pharm Sci. 1994 Jul;83(7):967-9
[PMID:
7965676]
FEBS Lett. 1997 Jun 2;409(1):91-5
[PMID:
9199510]
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Mar 15;1334(2-3):161-72
[PMID:
9101710]
Cancer Res. 1998 Aug 1;58(15):3320-30
[PMID:
9699662]
Cancer Res. 1994 Jun 1;54(11):2830-3
[PMID:
8187061]
Cancer Res. 1994 Feb 15;54(4):987-92
[PMID:
8313389]
J Clin Pharmacol. 1996 Jan;36(1):55-63
[PMID:
8932544]
Pharm Res. 1997 Apr;14(4):537-40
[PMID:
9144746]
J Neurosurg. 1996 Feb;84(2):180-4
[PMID:
8592219]
J Clin Oncol. 1997 Mar;15(3):987-93
[PMID:
9060537]
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Jun 12;1168(2):249-52
[PMID:
8504161]
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1997;14 (2):133-72
[PMID:
9107520]
Pharm Res. 1994 Jun;11(6):889-96
[PMID:
7937531]
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1997 Mar;61(3):301-11
[PMID:
9084455]
Nucl Med Commun. 1997 Jan;18(1):17-23
[PMID:
9061696]
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Aug 24;1109(2):203-9
[PMID:
1520697]
J Clin Oncol. 1995 Jul;13(7):1777-85
[PMID:
7602367]
Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1995 Feb;17(1):1-15
[PMID:
7759766]
Int J Oncol. 1997 Aug;11(2):325-32
[PMID:
21528218]
J Neurosurg. 1995 Dec;83(6):1029-37
[PMID:
7490617]
J Photochem Photobiol B. 1997 Feb;37(3):189-95
[PMID:
9085566]
J Clin Oncol. 1997 May;15(5):2111-7
[PMID:
9164225]
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1996;37(4):351-5
[PMID:
8548881]
Clin Cancer Res. 1997 Mar;3(3):373-9
[PMID:
9815694]
Crit Care Med. 1996 Jan;24(1):10-5
[PMID:
8565513]
Cancer Res. 1993 Aug 15;53(16):3765-70
[PMID:
8339289]
Br J Cancer. 1996 Apr;73(8):989-94
[PMID:
8611437]
FEBS Lett. 1996 Jun 17;388(2-3):115-8
[PMID:
8690067]
Br J Cancer. 1997;76(1):83-9
[PMID:
9218737]
Microcirculation. 1997 Mar;4(1):83-101
[PMID:
9110286]
Cancer Res. 1992 May 1;52(9):2431-9
[PMID:
1568213]
J Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;171(4):938-47
[PMID:
7706822]
Photochem Photobiol. 1996 Mar;63(3):344-52
[PMID:
8881339]
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Sep 19;1151(2):201-15
[PMID:
8373796]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jun;75(6):2959-63
[PMID:
208079]
J Drug Target. 1994;2(5):363-71
[PMID:
7704480]
J Pharm Sci. 1997 May;86(5):573-8
[PMID:
9145381]
Pharm Res. 1996 Mar;13(3):462-8
[PMID:
8692743]
Int J Cancer. 1997 Mar 28;71(1):35-41
[PMID:
9096663]
Cancer. 1997 Apr 1;79(7):1409-21
[PMID:
9083164]
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1969 Feb;42(2):235-42
[PMID:
5304531]
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Jul 17;1241(2):117-38
[PMID:
7640293]
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Sep 8;1331(2):187-211
[PMID:
9325441]
J Microencapsul. 1994 Jan-Feb;11(1):41-54
[PMID:
8138874]
Nat Biotechnol. 1997 Jul;15(7):620-1
[PMID:
9219259]
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 Jan 22;640(2):385-97
[PMID:
7213898]
Int J Cancer. 1995 Jul 17;62(2):199-204
[PMID:
7622296]
