Chao Du, Ya-Qiong Jin, Jun-Juan Qi, Zhen-Xing Ji, Shu-Yan Li, Guo-Shun An, Hong-Ti Jia, Ju-Hua Ni
MyoD and myogenin (Myog) recognize sets of distinct but overlapping target genes and play different roles in skeletal muscle differentiation. MyoD is sufficient for near-full expression of early targets, while Myog can only partially enhance expression of MyoD-initiated late muscle genes. However, the way in which Myog enhances the expression of MyoD-initiated late muscle genes remains unclear. Here, we examine the effects of Myog on chromatin remodeling at late muscle gene promoters and their activation within chromatin environment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that Myog selectively bound to the regulatory sequences of late muscle genes. Overexpression of Myog was found to overcome sodium butyrateinhibited chromatin at late muscle genes in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts, shifting the transcriptional activation of these genes to an earlier time period. Furthermore, overexpression of Myog led to increased hyperacetylation of core histone H4 in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts but not NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and hyperacetylated H4 was associated directly with the late muscle genes in differentiating C2C12, indicating that Myog can induce chromatin remodeling in the presence of MyoD. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) revealed that Myog was associated with the nuclear protein Brd4 in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Together, these results suggest that Myog enhances the expression of MyoD-initiated late muscle genes through MyoD-dependent ability of Myog to induce chromatin remodeling, in which Myog-Brd4 interaction may be involved.
Mol Cell. 2005 Aug 19;19(4):535-45
[PMID:
16109377]
Cell. 2010 Apr 30;141(3):432-45
[PMID:
20434984]
Mol Cell. 2004 May 21;14(4):465-77
[PMID:
15149596]
Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Jul;31(13):2641-52
[PMID:
21555454]
J Cell Biol. 1998 Sep 21;142(6):1447-59
[PMID:
9744876]
Nature. 2004 Sep 23;431(7007):466-71
[PMID:
15386014]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 10;101(32):11593-8
[PMID:
15289617]
Genes Dev. 2005 Mar 1;19(5):553-69
[PMID:
15706034]
Genes Dev. 2004 Oct 1;18(19):2348-53
[PMID:
15466486]
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Dec;39(22):9592-604
[PMID:
21890894]
Genes Dev. 1994 Jan;8(1):1-8
[PMID:
8288123]
Genes Dev. 1997 Feb 15;11(4):436-50
[PMID:
9042858]
Cell. 1993 Dec 31;75(7):1351-9
[PMID:
8269513]
Mol Cell. 2006 Aug 4;23(3):297-305
[PMID:
16885020]
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2001 Aug;11(4):440-8
[PMID:
11448631]
Cell. 1989 Feb 24;56(4):607-17
[PMID:
2537150]
Mol Cell. 2002 Mar;9(3):587-600
[PMID:
11931766]
J Biol Chem. 1983 Nov 25;258(22):13738-44
[PMID:
6196355]
EMBO J. 1989 Mar;8(3):701-9
[PMID:
2721498]
J Cell Biol. 1995 Feb;128(4):563-76
[PMID:
7532173]
EMBO J. 2006 Feb 8;25(3):502-11
[PMID:
16437161]
Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Nov;13(11):7153-62
[PMID:
8413304]
Cell. 1989 Jul 28;58(2):241-8
[PMID:
2546677]
Mol Cell. 2005 Aug 19;19(4):523-34
[PMID:
16109376]
Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Oct;18(10):5670-7
[PMID:
9742084]
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Aug;7(8):557-67
[PMID:
16936696]
Development. 2005 Jun;132(12):2685-95
[PMID:
15930108]
J Cell Biochem. 2010 Mar 1;109(4):693-701
[PMID:
20082327]
Nature. 1993 Aug 5;364(6437):532-5
[PMID:
8393146]
Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Sep;12(9):3665-77
[PMID:
1324403]
J Biol Chem. 1982 May 25;257(10):5809-15
[PMID:
6950936]
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Sep;61(18):2386-92
[PMID:
15378207]
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2005 Aug-Oct;16(4-5):585-95
[PMID:
16099183]
EMBO J. 2006 Feb 8;25(3):490-501
[PMID:
16424906]
Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1104-10
[PMID:
2174572]
Mol Genet Genomics. 2009 Jan;281(1):1-10
[PMID:
18987887]
Cell Res. 2002 Dec;12(5-6):395-400
[PMID:
12528897]
J Biol Chem. 2007 May 4;282(18):13141-5
[PMID:
17329240]
J Mol Biol. 2008 Oct 3;382(2):275-87
[PMID:
18662700]
Nature. 1993 Aug 5;364(6437):501-6
[PMID:
8393145]
Dev Biol. 1995 Nov;172(1):37-50
[PMID:
7589813]
J Cell Biol. 1990 Apr;110(4):929-37
[PMID:
1691195]
Genes Dev. 1989 May;3(5):628-40
[PMID:
2473006]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jul 22;100(15):8758-63
[PMID:
12840145]
Cell. 1993 Dec 31;75(7):1241-4
[PMID:
8269506]
Mol Cell Biol. 2005 May;25(10):3997-4009
[PMID:
15870273]
Nat Genet. 2004 Jul;36(7):738-43
[PMID:
15208625]
Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Nov;12(11):5123-30
[PMID:
1328872]
Animals
Cell Differentiation
Cell Line
Chromatin
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Gene Knockdown Techniques
Histones
Immunoprecipitation
Mice
Muscle, Skeletal
MyoD Protein
Myoblasts
Myogenin
NIH 3T3 Cells
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Transcriptional Activation
