Anoop P Patel, Itay Tirosh, John J Trombetta, Alex K Shalek, Shawn M Gillespie, Hiroaki Wakimoto, Daniel P Cahill, Brian V Nahed, William T Curry, Robert L Martuza, David N Louis, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Mario L Suvà, Aviv Regev, Bradley E Bernstein
Human cancers are complex ecosystems composed of cells with distinct phenotypes, genotypes, and epigenetic states, but current models do not adequately reflect tumor composition in patients. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to profile 430 cells from five primary glioblastomas, which we found to be inherently variable in their expression of diverse transcriptional programs related to oncogenic signaling, proliferation, complement/immune response, and hypoxia. We also observed a continuum of stemness-related expression states that enabled us to identify putative regulators of stemness in vivo. Finally, we show that established glioblastoma subtype classifiers are variably expressed across individual cells within a tumor and demonstrate the potential prognostic implications of such intratumoral heterogeneity. Thus, we reveal previously unappreciated heterogeneity in diverse regulatory programs central to glioblastoma biology, prognosis, and therapy.
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