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2019;14 (4): e0216001.

RNA-sequencing analysis reveals betalains metabolism in the leaf of Amaranthus tricolor L.

Shengcai Liu, Xueli Zheng, Junfei Pan, Liyun Peng, Chunzhen Cheng, Xiao Wang, Chunli Zhao, Zihao Zhang, Yuling Lin, Xu XuHan, Zhongxiong Lai
Author Information
  1. Shengcai Liu: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
  2. Xueli Zheng: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
  3. Junfei Pan: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
  4. Liyun Peng: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
  5. Chunzhen Cheng: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
  6. Xiao Wang: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
  7. Chunli Zhao: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
  8. Zihao Zhang: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
  9. Yuling Lin: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
  10. Xu XuHan: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
  11. Zhongxiong Lai: Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China. ORCID
PMID: 31022263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216001

Abstract

Amaranth plants contain large amounts of betalains, including betaxanthins and betacyanins. Amaranthin is a betacyanin, and its molecular structure and associated metabolic pathway differ from those of betanin in beet plants. The chlorophyll, carotenoid, betalain, and flavonoid contents in amaranth leaves were analyzed. The abundance of betalain, betacyanin, and betaxanthin was 2-5-fold higher in the red leaf sectors than in the green leaf sectors. Moreover, a transcriptome database was constructed for the red and green sectors of amaranth leaves harvested from 30-day-old seedlings. 22 unigenes were selected to analyze the expression profiles in the two leaf sectors. The RNA-sequencing data indicated that many unigenes are involved in betalain metabolic pathways. The potential relationships between diverse metabolic pathways and betalain metabolism were analyzed. The validation of the expression of 22 selected unigenes in a qRT-PCR assay revealed the genes that were differentially expressed in the two leaf sectors. Betalains were biosynthesized in specific tissues of the red sectors of amaranth leaves. Almost all of the genes related to betalain metabolism were identified in the transcriptome database, and the expression profiles were different between the red sectors and green sectors in the leaf. Amaranth plants consist of diverse metabolic pathways, and the betalain metabolic pathway is linked to a group of other metabolic pathways.

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MeSH Term

Amaranthus
Betalains
Carotenoids
Chlorophyll
Flavonoids
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Gene Ontology
Genes, Plant
Molecular Sequence Annotation
Plant Leaves
Sequence Analysis, RNA
Transcriptome

Chemicals

Flavonoids
Chlorophyll
Carotenoids
Betalains
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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