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International journal of molecular sciences
Feb 22, 2020;21 (4):

GIP as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease-A Systematic Review.

Yusaku Mori, Takanori Matsui, Tsutomu Hirano, Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
Author Information
  1. Yusaku Mori: Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
  2. Takanori Matsui: Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
  3. Tsutomu Hirano: Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
  4. Sho-Ichi Yamagishi: Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
PMID: 32098413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041509

Abstract

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are gut hormones that are secreted from enteroendocrine L cells and K cells in response to digested nutrients, respectively. They are also referred to incretin for their ability to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner. Furthermore, GLP-1 exerts anorexic effects via its actions in the central nervous system. Since native incretin is rapidly inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), DPP-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and DPP-4 inhibitors are currently used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as incretin-based therapy. These new-class agents have superiority to classical oral hypoglycemic agents such as sulfonylureas because of their low risks for hypoglycemia and body weight gain. In addition, a number of preclinical studies have shown the cardioprotective properties of incretin-based therapy, whose findings are further supported by several randomized clinical trials. Indeed, GLP-1RA has been significantly shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of GIP in cardiovascular disease remains to be elucidated. Recently, pharmacological doses of GIP receptor agonists (GIPRAs) have been found to exert anti-obesity effects in animal models. These observations suggest that combination therapy of GLP-1R and GIPR may induce superior metabolic and anti-diabetic effects compared with each agonist individually. Clinical trials with GLP-1R/GIPR dual agonists are ongoing in diabetic patients. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the cardiovascular effects of GIP and GIPRAs in cell culture systems, animal models, and humans.

Keywords

GIP animal model atherosclerosis cardiac remodeling restenosis

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Grants

  1. 16K21370/JSPS KAKENHI
  2. No number assigned/Taisho Pharmaceutical
  3. No number assigned/Suzuken Memorial Foundation

MeSH Term

Animals
Atherosclerosis
Blood Glucose
Cardiovascular Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
Enteroendocrine Cells
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
Humans
Insulin Secretion

Chemicals

Blood Glucose
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
Journal Article Systematic Review

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