Sun X, Li P, Yang X, et al. From genetics and epigenetics to the future of precision treatment for obesity. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2017; 5:266–270.
Fothergill E, Guo J, Howard L, et al. Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after ‘The Biggest Loser’ competition. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1612–1619.
Goodarzi MO. Genetics of obesity: what genetic association studies have taught us about the biology of obesity and its complications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:223–236.
Menni C, Fauman E, Erte I, et al. Biomarkers for type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose using a nontargeted metabolomics approach. Diabetes 2013; 62:4270–4276.
Hootman KC, Trezzi JP, Kraemer L, et al. Erythritol is a pentose-phosphate pathway metabolite and associated with adiposity gain in young adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4233–E4240.
Rebholz CM, Yu B, Zheng Z, et al. Serum metabolomic profile of incident diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1046–1054.
Engin A. The definition and prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 960:1–17.
Wang Z, Zhu C, Nambi V, et al. Metabolomic pattern predicts incident coronary heart disease: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1475–1482.
Haukka JK, Sandholm N, Forsblom C, et al. Metabolomic profile predicts development of microalbuminuria in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13853.
Schlicker L, Szebenyi DME, Ortiz SR, et al. Unexpected roles for ADH1 and SORD in catalyzing the final step of erythritol biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16095–16108.
Yan L. Redox imbalance stress in diabetes mellitus: role of the polyol pathway. Anim Models Exp Med 2018; 1:7–13.
Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN. Alcohol dehydrogenases, aldehyde dehydrogenases and alcohol use disorders: a critical review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2281–2297.
Regnat K, Mach RL, Mach-Aigner AR. Erythritol as sweetener – wherefrom and where to? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:587–595.
Wölnerhanssen BK, Cajacob L, Keller N, et al. Gut hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and glycemic responses to erythritol and xylitol in lean and obese subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E1053–E1061.
Overduin J, Collet TH, Medic N, et al. Failure of sucrose replacement with the nonnutritive sweetener erythritol to alter GLP-1 or PYY release or test meal size in lean or obese people. Appetite 2016; 107:596–603.
Steinert RE, Feinle-Bisset C, Asarian L, et al. Ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY (3-36): secretory controls and physiological roles in eating and glycemia in health, obesity, and after RYGB. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:411–463.
Chukwuma CI, Mopuri R, Nagiah S, et al. Erythritol reduces small intestinal glucose absorption, increases muscle glucose uptake, improves glucose metabolic enzymes activities and increases expression of Glut-4 and IRS-1 in type 2 diabetic rats. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2431–2444.
Wen H, Tang B, Stewart AJ, et al. Erythritol attenuates postprandial blood glucose by inhibiting α-glucosidase. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:1401–1407.
Arrigoni E, Brouns F, Amadò R. Human gut microbiota does not ferment erythritol. Br J Nutr 2005; 94:643–646.
Mahalak KK, Firrman J, Tomasula PM, et al. Impact of steviol glycosides and erythritol on the human and cebus apella gut microbiome. J Agric Food Chem 2020; In press.
Chambers ES, Preston T, Frost G, Morrison DJ. Role of gut microbiota-generated short-chain fatty acids in metabolic and cardiovascular health. Curr Nutr Rep 2018; 7:198–206.
Wölnerhanssen BK, Meyer-Gerspach AC, Beglinger C, Islam MS. Metabolic effects of the natural sweeteners xylitol and erythritol: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 1–13. In press.
Mitsutomi K, Masaki T, Shimasaki T, et al. Effects of a nonnutritive sweetener on body adiposity and energy metabolism in mice with diet-induced obesity. Metabolism 2014; 63:69–78.
Ham M, Choe SS, Shin KC, et al. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency improves insulin resistance with reduced adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Diabetes 2016; 65:2624–2638.
Park J, Rho HK, Kim KH, et al. Overexpression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is associated with lipid dysregulation and insulin resistance in obesity. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:5146–5157.
Sanders FWB, Griffin JL. De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than just a shunting yard for glucose. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 91:452–468.
Rosqvist F, McNeil CA, Pramfalk C, et al. Fasting hepatic de novo lipogenesis is not reliably assessed using circulating fatty acid markers. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:260–268.
Boesten DM, Berger A, de Cock P, et al. Multitargeted mechanisms underlying the endothelial protective effects of the diabetic-safe sweetener erythritol. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65741.
Jin ES, Lee MH, Murphy RE, Malloy CR. Pentose phosphate pathway activity parallels lipogenesis but not antioxidant processes in rat liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E543–E551.