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Nature reviews. Cardiology
05, 2021;18 (5): 349-367.

Cardiac optogenetics: a decade of enlightenment.

Emilia Entcheva, Matthew W Kay
Author Information
  1. Emilia Entcheva: Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. entcheva@gwu.edu. ORCID
  2. Matthew W Kay: Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. phymwk@gwu.edu. ORCID
PMID: 33340010 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00478-0

Abstract

The electromechanical function of the heart involves complex, coordinated activity over time and space. Life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias arise from asynchrony in these space-time events; therefore, therapies for prevention and treatment require fundamental understanding and the ability to visualize, perturb and control cardiac activity. Optogenetics combines optical and molecular biology (genetic) approaches for light-enabled sensing and actuation of electrical activity with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution and parallelism. The year 2020 marks a decade of developments in cardiac optogenetics since this technology was adopted from neuroscience and applied to the heart. In this Review, we appraise a decade of advances that define near-term (immediate) translation based on all-optical electrophysiology, including high-throughput screening, cardiotoxicity testing and personalized medicine assays, and long-term (aspirational) prospects for clinical translation of cardiac optogenetics, including new optical therapies for rhythm control. The main translational opportunities and challenges for optogenetics to be fully embraced in cardiology are also discussed.

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Grants

  1. R01 HL133862/NHLBI NIH HHS
  2. R01 HL144157/NHLBI NIH HHS
  3. R01 HL147279/NHLBI NIH HHS
  4. R01 HL146169/NHLBI NIH HHS
  5. R21 EB026152/NIBIB NIH HHS

MeSH Term

Animals
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Cardiac Imaging Techniques
Disease Models, Animal
Heart Diseases
Humans
Opsins
Optical Imaging
Optogenetics
Precision Medicine
Translational Research, Biomedical
Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging

Chemicals

Opsins
Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review

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