OpenLB
Open Library of Bioscience
Advanced Search
International journal of molecular sciences
Mar 27, 2021;22 (7):

PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects.

Rosalin Mishra, Hima Patel, Samar Alanazi, Mary Kate Kilroy, Joan T Garrett
Author Information
  1. Rosalin Mishra: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA. ORCID
  2. Hima Patel: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
  3. Samar Alanazi: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA. ORCID
  4. Mary Kate Kilroy: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
  5. Joan T Garrett: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
PMID: 33801659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073464

Abstract

The phospatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is a crucial intracellular signaling pathway which is mutated or amplified in a wide variety of cancers including breast, gastric, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, glioblastoma and endometrial cancers. PI3K signaling plays an important role in cancer cell survival, angiogenesis and metastasis, making it a promising therapeutic target. There are several ongoing and completed clinical trials involving PI3K inhibitors (pan, isoform-specific and dual PI3K/mTOR) with the goal to find efficient PI3K inhibitors that could overcome resistance to current therapies. This review focuses on the current landscape of various PI3K inhibitors either as monotherapy or in combination therapies and the treatment outcomes involved in various phases of clinical trials in different cancer types. There is a discussion of the drug-related toxicities, challenges associated with these PI3K inhibitors and the adverse events leading to treatment failure. In addition, novel PI3K drugs that have potential to be translated in the clinic are highlighted.

Keywords

PI3K inhibitors PIK3CA cancer resistance

References

Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Sep;93:1065-1073 [PMID: 28738500]
Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2019 Nov 3;2019:1760184 [PMID: 31787861]
Nature. 2018 Aug;560(7719):499-503 [PMID: 30051890]
Oncogene. 2013 Jan 17;32(3):318-26 [PMID: 22370636]
Cancer Res. 2005 Jun 1;65(11):4562-7 [PMID: 15930273]
J Hematol Oncol. 2013 Nov 22;6(1):88 [PMID: 24261963]
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2019 Feb;83(2):289-299 [PMID: 30446785]
Oral Oncol. 2015 Apr;51(4):291-8 [PMID: 25532816]
Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Sep 1;23(17):5015-5023 [PMID: 28490463]
Nat Rev Cancer. 2015 Jan;15(1):7-24 [PMID: 25533673]
Invest New Drugs. 2017 Feb;35(1):37-46 [PMID: 27565810]
Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Sep;93:40-47 [PMID: 28622593]
Annu Rev Pathol. 2009;4:127-50 [PMID: 18767981]
ChemMedChem. 2019 Nov 20;14(22):1933-1939 [PMID: 31696673]
N Engl J Med. 2019 May 16;380(20):1929-1940 [PMID: 31091374]
Mol Cancer. 2018 Mar 10;17(1):72 [PMID: 29523145]
Am J Hematol. 2019 Dec;94(12):1325-1334 [PMID: 31490009]
Mol Cancer Ther. 2013 Nov;12(11):2319-30 [PMID: 24170767]
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2010 Sep;31(9):1189-97 [PMID: 20729870]
Front Oncol. 2018 Aug 29;8:327 [PMID: 30211115]
Clin Cancer Res. 2014 May 1;20(9):2445-56 [PMID: 24583798]
Int J Biol Macromol. 2018 Feb;107(Pt B):2620-2629 [PMID: 29080815]
Mol Cancer Ther. 2016 Jul;15(7):1656-68 [PMID: 27196759]
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019 Nov;178(1):121-133 [PMID: 31368034]
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2019 Jun 19;4:20 [PMID: 31240133]
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Aug 15;12(8): [PMID: 32824175]
Cancer Cell. 2016 Aug 8;30(2):229-242 [PMID: 27451907]
Br J Cancer. 2016 Jun 14;114(12):1395-404 [PMID: 27172249]
Cancer Discov. 2019 Apr;9(4):482-491 [PMID: 30867161]
Sci Signal. 2012 Dec 04;5(253):ra89 [PMID: 23211529]
Blood. 2014 May 29;123(22):3398-405 [PMID: 24615778]
Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Jun 1;26(11):2497-2505 [PMID: 32005746]
Am J Hematol. 2017 Jan;92(1):7-11 [PMID: 27673440]
Anticancer Res. 2016 Feb;36(2):713-9 [PMID: 26851029]
Cell Metab. 2019 Jun 4;29(6):1400-1409.e5 [PMID: 30982732]
Br J Cancer. 2017 Jan;116(3):303-309 [PMID: 28072765]
Nature. 2008 Dec 11;456(7223):814-8 [PMID: 18997773]
Lancet Haematol. 2018 Apr;5(4):e170-e180 [PMID: 29550382]
Science. 2011 Jun 10;332(6035):1322-6 [PMID: 21659605]
Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Jan 1;20(1):233-45 [PMID: 24166903]
Hematology. 2017 May;22(4):208-216 [PMID: 27875938]
Oral Oncol. 2018 Sep;84:95-103 [PMID: 30115483]
Blood. 2016 Jul 14;128(2):195-203 [PMID: 27247136]
Cancer Lett. 2019 Feb 1;442:91-103 [PMID: 30391357]
Oncologist. 2017 Apr;22(4):377-e37 [PMID: 28275119]
Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Jun 15;26(12):2810-2818 [PMID: 32156743]
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2017 Apr;1861(4):947-957 [PMID: 28161478]
Cancer Sci. 2014 Mar;105(3):347-53 [PMID: 24405565]
Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Sep;93:1230-1237 [PMID: 28738539]
Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Feb;11(2):317-28 [PMID: 22188813]
Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Jul 15;27(14):3896-3904 [PMID: 33602685]
Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Sep 15;27(18):5012-5019 [PMID: 34266890]
Oncotarget. 2018 Aug 3;9(60):31709-31718 [PMID: 30167089]
Mol Cancer. 2019 Feb 19;18(1):26 [PMID: 30782187]
Ann Oncol. 2017 Sep 01;28(9):2169-2178 [PMID: 28633365]
Ann Oncol. 2016 Nov;27(11):2059-2066 [PMID: 27573562]
Cancer Sci. 2019 Mar;110(3):1021-1031 [PMID: 30588709]
Tumour Biol. 2016 Nov 30;: [PMID: 27900563]
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Jul;22(13):4090-4097 [PMID: 30024596]
Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Jan 1;21(1):77-86 [PMID: 25370471]
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015 Jan;149(1):151-61 [PMID: 25537644]
J Med Chem. 2017 May 11;60(9):4023-4035 [PMID: 28409639]
Oncogene. 2016 Mar 3;35(9):1198-205 [PMID: 25982275]
Genes (Basel). 2020 Jun 28;11(7): [PMID: 32605290]
J Thorac Oncol. 2015 Sep;10(9):1319-1327 [PMID: 26098748]
Clin Cancer Res. 2011 May 15;17(10):3272-81 [PMID: 21558396]
Cancer Res. 2003 Apr 1;63(7):1667-75 [PMID: 12670921]
JAMA Oncol. 2019 Feb 1;5(2):e184475 [PMID: 30543347]
Anticancer Res. 1995 Jul-Aug;15(4):1135-9 [PMID: 7653991]
ESMO Open. 2020 Jul;5(4): [PMID: 32661186]
Apoptosis. 2017 Dec;22(12):1543-1552 [PMID: 29094270]
Prostate. 2015 May;75(7):693-705 [PMID: 25650269]
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Nov;5(11):903-18 [PMID: 17080027]
Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2020 Dec 16;50(12):1395-1402 [PMID: 32856068]
J Med Chem. 2008 Sep 25;51(18):5522-32 [PMID: 18754654]
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Sep;171(2):371-381 [PMID: 29850984]
J Clin Oncol. 2014 Apr 20;32(12):1202-9 [PMID: 24663045]
J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jun;120(6):9656-9666 [PMID: 30548308]
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;79(1):89-98 [PMID: 27915408]
Nat Commun. 2018 Sep 6;9(1):3619 [PMID: 30190462]
J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 3;275(9):6267-75 [PMID: 10692423]
Mol Cancer. 2018 May 26;17(1):93 [PMID: 29803224]
Blood. 2005 Aug 1;106(3):1063-6 [PMID: 15840695]
J Thorac Oncol. 2014 Mar;9(3):316-23 [PMID: 24496004]
Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 15;11(8):2875-8 [PMID: 15837735]
Oncologist. 2017 Dec;22(12):1491-1499 [PMID: 28798270]
Mol Cancer Ther. 2016 May;15(5):877-89 [PMID: 26839307]
Oncogene. 2019 May;38(18):3371-3386 [PMID: 30635656]
Cancer Res. 2012 Jan 1;72(1):210-9 [PMID: 22084396]
Cell Death Dis. 2019 Jun 24;10(7):501 [PMID: 31235854]
Oncotarget. 2017 Dec 9;9(1):706-717 [PMID: 29416647]
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;51(3):1313-1326 [PMID: 30481748]
World J Gastroenterol. 2018 Mar 7;24(9):1004-1012 [PMID: 29531464]
Invest New Drugs. 2015 Apr;33(2):463-71 [PMID: 25707361]
Cancer Res. 2018 May 1;78(9):2179-2190 [PMID: 29490947]
Mol Cancer. 2020 Mar 2;19(1):47 [PMID: 32122355]
Invest New Drugs. 2020 Dec;38(6):1836-1845 [PMID: 32578154]
Mol Cell. 2010 Jun 11;38(5):768-74 [PMID: 20542007]
Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 24;8(66):110133-110144 [PMID: 29299135]
Blood. 2018 Dec 6;132(23):2446-2455 [PMID: 30287523]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Sep 13;108(37):E699-708 [PMID: 21876152]
Open Med (Wars). 2016 Mar 10;11(1):36-40 [PMID: 28352764]
Br J Haematol. 2021 Jul;194(1):69-77 [PMID: 34121184]
Oncologist. 2020 Jan;25(1):e160-e169 [PMID: 31395751]
J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 20;37(9):741-750 [PMID: 30715997]
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. ;18(1):57-64 [PMID: 28240010]
Head Neck. 2019 Nov;41(11):3842-3849 [PMID: 31486207]
J Hematol Oncol. 2018 Dec 14;11(1):139 [PMID: 30547809]
Neuro Oncol. 2015 Sep;17(9):1270-4 [PMID: 25605819]
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26343 [PMID: 22039466]
Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2019 Jun;17(3):201-208.e1 [PMID: 31056399]
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015 Nov;154(2):287-97 [PMID: 26497877]
Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Apr 15;22(8):1932-9 [PMID: 26603258]
Target Oncol. 2020 Apr;15(2):163-174 [PMID: 32314268]
J Clin Invest. 2012 Feb;122(2):553-7 [PMID: 22214849]
Cancer Discov. 2017 Jul;7(7):704-715 [PMID: 28331003]
Biochem J. 2008 Sep 15;414(3):383-90 [PMID: 18489260]
Drugs. 2018 Nov;78(17):1847-1853 [PMID: 30430368]
Leuk Lymphoma. 2021 Feb;62(2):368-376 [PMID: 33140664]
Lancet Oncol. 2018 Apr;19(4):486-496 [PMID: 29475723]
Nature. 2016 Nov 17;539(7629):437-442 [PMID: 27642729]
Mol Cancer Ther. 2018 Sep;17(9):1973-1983 [PMID: 29925528]
Ann Oncol. 2017 Feb 1;28(2):313-320 [PMID: 27803006]
Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Jan 1;23(1):26-34 [PMID: 27126994]
Clin Cancer Res. 2018 Mar 15;24(6):1426-1435 [PMID: 29284706]
Cell. 2017 Aug 10;170(4):605-635 [PMID: 28802037]
Mol Cell. 2014 Nov 20;56(4):595-607 [PMID: 25458846]
Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):554 [PMID: 15016963]
J Clin Oncol. 2019 Apr 10;37(11):912-922 [PMID: 30742566]
Nature. 2015 Feb 12;518(7538):240-4 [PMID: 25409150]
J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jan 20;30(3):282-90 [PMID: 22162589]
Cancer Sci. 2008 Sep;99(9):1734-40 [PMID: 18616528]
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Mar 15;21(6):1767-72 [PMID: 21316229]
J Cell Biochem. 2018 Feb;119(2):1368-1380 [PMID: 28722813]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 19;105(7):2652-7 [PMID: 18268322]
Lancet Oncol. 2017 Mar;18(3):297-311 [PMID: 28139405]
Drugs. 2019 Jul;79(11):1249-1253 [PMID: 31256368]
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Feb;1843(2):372-86 [PMID: 24184209]
PLoS One. 2013 May 29;8(5):e63833 [PMID: 23734178]
Cancer Cell. 2015 Apr 13;27(4):533-46 [PMID: 25873175]
J Med Chem. 2010 Mar 25;53(6):2636-45 [PMID: 20166697]
Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Apr 15;21(8):1888-95 [PMID: 25652454]
Oncotarget. 2015 Sep 8;6(26):21934-49 [PMID: 26183397]
Mol Cancer Ther. 2020 Feb;19(2):468-478 [PMID: 31619463]
Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr;20(4):570-580 [PMID: 30880072]
Int J Oncol. 2017 Feb;50(2):606-612 [PMID: 28000865]
Oncotarget. 2017 Aug 3;8(49):85401-85414 [PMID: 29156728]
Cell Death Dis. 2017 Aug 10;8(8):e2975 [PMID: 28796257]
Mol Med Rep. 2018 May;17(5):7313-7318 [PMID: 29568965]
J Clin Oncol. 2016 May 10;34(14):1660-8 [PMID: 26951309]
J Clin Oncol. 2020 Sep 1;38(25):2849-2861 [PMID: 32459600]
Lancet Haematol. 2019 Jan;6(1):e38-e47 [PMID: 30558987]
Med Sci Monit. 2018 Jul 03;24:4592-4601 [PMID: 29969438]
Onco Targets Ther. 2017 Mar 27;10:1843-1852 [PMID: 28392705]
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2018;51(6):e7046 [PMID: 29791590]
Br J Cancer. 2006 Feb 27;94(4):455-9 [PMID: 16449998]
Mol Cancer. 2018 Feb 19;17(1):37 [PMID: 29455665]
Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Aug 2;28(15):3235-3241 [PMID: 35551360]
Invest New Drugs. 2021 Aug;39(4):1081-1088 [PMID: 33660194]
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2019 Jul;32(4):603-606 [PMID: 30801911]
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Nov;22(22):7653-7659 [PMID: 30536307]
Cancers (Basel). 2010 Aug 18;2(3):1576-96 [PMID: 24281174]
Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018 May;15(5):273-291 [PMID: 29508857]
Lancet Oncol. 2017 Jul;18(7):904-916 [PMID: 28576675]
Cancer. 2016 Nov 15;122(22):3519-3528 [PMID: 27603005]
Lancet Haematol. 2017 Apr;4(4):e176-e182 [PMID: 28314699]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 26;103(52):19866-71 [PMID: 17172449]
Invest New Drugs. 2020 Aug;38(4):1077-1084 [PMID: 31506897]
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014 Jun;145(2):359-70 [PMID: 24789445]
Oncol Res. 2018 Aug 23;26(7):1063-1072 [PMID: 29321082]
Curr Med Chem. 2014;21(26):3048-56 [PMID: 24735368]
Breast Cancer Res. 2018 Sep 5;20(1):109 [PMID: 30185228]
Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Oct;180:114137 [PMID: 32634436]
Clin Cancer Res. 2020 May 1;26(9):2111-2123 [PMID: 31822498]
Eur J Cancer. 2012 Dec;48(18):3319-27 [PMID: 22921184]
Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Feb 15;21(4):730-8 [PMID: 25500057]
Mol Cancer Ther. 2018 Dec;17(12):2710-2721 [PMID: 30190422]
N Engl J Med. 2014 Mar 13;370(11):1008-18 [PMID: 24450858]
Blood. 2015 May 21;125(21):3357-9 [PMID: 25999447]
Eur J Cancer. 2018 Jun;96:6-16 [PMID: 29660598]
Ann Oncol. 2016 Oct;27(10):1928-40 [PMID: 27672108]
Prostate. 2010 May 15;70(7):755-64 [PMID: 20058239]
Cancer Cell. 2015 Jan 12;27(1):97-108 [PMID: 25544637]
J Clin Oncol. 2016 Jun 10;34(17):1987-94 [PMID: 26976426]
Cancer Cell. 2014 Jul 14;26(1):136-49 [PMID: 25002028]
Pharmacol Rev. 2012 Oct;64(4):1027-54 [PMID: 23023033]
Invest New Drugs. 2017 Dec;35(6):742-750 [PMID: 28281183]
Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Jun 15;22(12):2874-84 [PMID: 26787751]
Sci Signal. 2018 Mar 13;11(521): [PMID: 29535262]
Nat Med. 2008 Dec;14(12):1351-6 [PMID: 19029981]
Cancer Cell. 2012 Dec 11;22(6):796-811 [PMID: 23238015]
Br J Cancer. 2018 Dec;119(12):1471-1476 [PMID: 30425349]
Ann Oncol. 2017 May 01;28(5):1057-1063 [PMID: 28327905]
J Thorac Oncol. 2019 Oct;14(10):1839-1846 [PMID: 31158500]
Eur J Cancer. 2017 May;76:36-44 [PMID: 28282611]
Blood. 2017 Nov 23;130(21):2307-2316 [PMID: 28972011]
Oncologist. 2015 Mar;20(3):245-6 [PMID: 25669662]
Breast Cancer Res. 2020 Nov 2;22(1):120 [PMID: 33138866]
Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 1;19(5):1106-15 [PMID: 23300274]
Cancer Res. 2014 Mar 15;74(6):1682-93 [PMID: 24448243]
Eur J Med Chem. 2019 Dec 1;183:111718 [PMID: 31581005]
J Clin Oncol. 2018 May 1;36(13):1291-1299 [PMID: 29401002]
Lancet Haematol. 2019 Feb;6(2):e100-e109 [PMID: 30709431]
Mol Cancer Ther. 2014 May;13(5):1117-29 [PMID: 24608574]
Breast Cancer Res. 2013;15(4):R55 [PMID: 23844554]
N Engl J Med. 2014 Mar 13;370(11):997-1007 [PMID: 24450857]
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2019 May 06;12(2): [PMID: 31064155]
Haematologica. 2017 Dec;102(12):2104-2112 [PMID: 28971900]
Ann Med. 2014 Sep;46(6):372-83 [PMID: 24897931]
Am J Cancer Res. 2014 Dec 15;5(1):1-19 [PMID: 25628917]
Cancer Discov. 2018 Jun;8(6):682-685 [PMID: 29858226]
Drugs. 2017 Dec;77(18):2057-2062 [PMID: 29127587]
Lancet Oncol. 2019 Sep;20(9):1226-1238 [PMID: 31402321]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Feb 21;109(8):2718-23 [PMID: 21368164]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 22;110(4):1398-403 [PMID: 23292937]
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Jun;1851(6):882-97 [PMID: 25514767]
Gene. 2017 Apr 5;607:41-46 [PMID: 28069548]
Oncotarget. 2019 Nov 05;10(60):6526-6535 [PMID: 31741715]
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Oct;22(19):6403-6411 [PMID: 30338809]
Oncotarget. 2015 Mar 10;6(7):5134-46 [PMID: 25762617]
Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Feb;146:53-60 [PMID: 25240910]
Leuk Lymphoma. 2020 Jul;61(7):1653-1659 [PMID: 32154751]
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020 Mar 1;106(3):564-570 [PMID: 31678634]
Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Apr 1;21(7):1537-42 [PMID: 25670221]
Blood. 2014 May 29;123(22):3390-7 [PMID: 24615777]
Sci Transl Med. 2015 Apr 15;7(283):283ra51 [PMID: 25877889]
Oncoscience. 2016 Jun 30;3(5-6):164-72 [PMID: 27489863]
Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jun;17(6):811-821 [PMID: 27155741]
Cell Signal. 2011 Apr;23(4):603-8 [PMID: 20940048]
J Clin Invest. 2013 Jun;123(6):2551-63 [PMID: 23635776]
Br J Cancer. 2020 Apr;122(8):1158-1165 [PMID: 32147671]
Nat Rev Cancer. 2008 Sep;8(9):665-9 [PMID: 18633356]
Oncotarget. 2016 Nov 8;7(45):72833-72844 [PMID: 27637083]
Br J Haematol. 2016 Oct;175(1):55-65 [PMID: 27293194]
Science. 2017 Mar 24;355(6331):1324-1330 [PMID: 28336670]
Cancer Biomark. 2017 Dec 6;20(4):425-434 [PMID: 28946549]
PLoS One. 2020 Jan 15;15(1):e0226340 [PMID: 31940362]
Mol Cancer Ther. 2015 Apr;14(4):931-40 [PMID: 25637314]
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2017 Aug;44(8):895-902 [PMID: 28477368]
Br J Cancer. 2018 Feb 20;118(4):462-470 [PMID: 29348486]
Biochem J. 2007 May 15;404(1):15-21 [PMID: 17302559]
Sci Transl Med. 2013 Jul 31;5(196):196ra99 [PMID: 23903756]
ESMO Open. 2020 Jul;5(4): [PMID: 32665311]
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2018 Aug;17(8):545 [PMID: 30026525]
Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Dec 1;20(23):5908-17 [PMID: 25231405]
Blood. 2014 May 29;123(22):3406-13 [PMID: 24615776]
Clin Cancer Res. 2019 May 15;25(10):2975-2987 [PMID: 30723140]
Oncotarget. 2016 Mar 22;7(12):14429-40 [PMID: 26894862]
Invest New Drugs. 2018 Feb;36(1):36-44 [PMID: 28417284]
Cancer Cell. 2012 Feb 14;21(2):227-39 [PMID: 22340595]
Neuro Oncol. 2015 Sep;17(9):1275-83 [PMID: 26019185]
Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Apr 15;26(8):1820-1828 [PMID: 31937616]
Oncogene. 2009 Oct 8;28(40):3586-96 [PMID: 19633683]
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 19;22(4): [PMID: 33669867]
Eur J Cancer. 2017 Nov;85:133-145 [PMID: 28923573]
Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Oct;94:644-651 [PMID: 28787699]
Cell. 2014 Apr 24;157(3):595-610 [PMID: 24766807]
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2020 Jul 15;30(14):127258 [PMID: 32527558]
Cancer Cell. 2011 Jan 18;19(1):58-71 [PMID: 21215704]
Oncotarget. 2016 Aug 2;7(31):49948-49960 [PMID: 27409677]

Grants

  1. R40309/Collaborative Advancement Grants Program-Strategic Teams Office of Research, University of Cincinnati

MeSH Term

Animals
Antineoplastic Agents
Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
Clinical Trials as Topic
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Humans
Insulin
Mice
Mutation
Neoplasms
Neovascularization, Pathologic
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
Protein Isoforms
RNA, Untranslated
Signal Transduction
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Chemicals

Antineoplastic Agents
Insulin
Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
Protein Isoforms
RNA, Untranslated
MTOR protein, human
Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
PIK3CA protein, human
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
Journal Article Review

Word Cloud

Similar Articles

Cited By