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Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
Apr 01, 2022;234 113356.

Insight into urban PM chemical composition and environmentally persistent free radicals attributed human lung epithelial cytotoxicity.

Hanhan Li, Zhen Zhao, Xiao-San Luo, Guodong Fang, Dong Zhang, Yuting Pang, Weijie Huang, Tariq Mehmood, Mingwei Tang
Author Information
  1. Hanhan Li: International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
  2. Zhen Zhao: International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
  3. Xiao-San Luo: International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China. Electronic address: xsluo@nuist.edu.cn.
  4. Guodong Fang: Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
  5. Dong Zhang: International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
  6. Yuting Pang: International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
  7. Weijie Huang: International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
  8. Tariq Mehmood: College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
  9. Mingwei Tang: International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
PMID: 35255246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113356

Abstract

Fine particulate matter (PM) is detrimental to the human respiratory system. However, the toxicity of PM and its associated potentially harmful species, notably novel pollutants like environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), remains unclear. Therefore, one-year site monitoring and ambient air PM sampling in the Nanjing urban area was designed to investigate the relationships between chemical compositions (carbon fractions, metallic elements, and water-soluble ions) and EPFRs, and change in cytotoxicity with varying PM components. Oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS), inflammatory injury (IL-6 and TNF-α), and membrane injury (LDH) of human lung epithelial cells (A549) induced by PM were analyzed using in vitro cytotoxicity test. Both the composition and toxicity of PM from different seasons were compared. The average daily exposure of urban PM associated EPFRs load in Nanjing were 2.29 × 10 spin m. Their exposure concentration and cytotoxic damage ability were stronger in the cold season than warm. The particle compositions of metals and carbon fractions were significantly positively correlated with EPFRs. The airborne EPFRs, organic carbon (OC), and heavy metal Cu, As, and Pb may pose principal cell damage ability, which is worthy of further study interlinking aerosol pollution and health risks.

Keywords

A549 cell Chemical components Cytotoxicity Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) Fine particulate matters (PM(2.5)) Human health risk
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