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The New phytologist
08, 2022;235 (3): 1231-1245.

Rice diterpenoid phytoalexins are involved in defence against parasitic nematodes and shape rhizosphere nematode communities.

Willem Desmedt, Enoch Narh Kudjordjie, Satish Namdeo Chavan, Juan Zhang, Riqing Li, Bing Yang, Mogens Nicolaisen, Masaki Mori, Reuben J Peters, Bartel Vanholme, Mette Vestergård, Tina Kyndt
Author Information
  1. Willem Desmedt: Research Group Epigenetics and Defence, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium. ORCID
  2. Enoch Narh Kudjordjie: Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark. ORCID
  3. Satish Namdeo Chavan: Research Group Epigenetics and Defence, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium. ORCID
  4. Juan Zhang: Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. ORCID
  5. Riqing Li: Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. ORCID
  6. Bing Yang: Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. ORCID
  7. Mogens Nicolaisen: Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark. ORCID
  8. Masaki Mori: Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan. ORCID
  9. Reuben J Peters: Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. ORCID
  10. Bartel Vanholme: VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, 9052, Belgium. ORCID
  11. Mette Vestergård: Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark. ORCID
  12. Tina Kyndt: Research Group Epigenetics and Defence, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium. ORCID
PMID: 35460590 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18152

Abstract

Rice diterpenoid phytoalexins (DPs) are secondary metabolites with a well known role in resistance to foliar pathogens. As DPs are also known to be produced and exuded by rice roots, we hypothesised that they might play an important role in plant-nematode interactions, and particularly in defence against phytoparasitic nematodes. We used transcriptome analysis on rice roots to analyse the effect of infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola or treatment with resistance-inducing chemical stimuli on DP biosynthesis genes, and assessed the susceptibility of mutant rice lines impaired in DP biosynthesis to M. graminicola. Moreover, we grew these mutants and their wild-type in field soil and used metabarcoding to assess the effect of impairment in DP biosynthesis on rhizosphere and root nematode communities. We show that M. graminicola suppresses DP biosynthesis genes early in its invasion process and, conversely, that resistance-inducing stimuli transiently induce the biosynthesis of DPs. Moreover, we show that loss of DPs increases susceptibility to M. graminicola. Metabarcoding on wild-type and DP-deficient plants grown in field soil reveals that DPs significantly alter the composition of rhizosphere and root nematode communities. Diterpenoid phytoalexins are important players in basal and inducible defence against nematode pathogens of rice and help shape rice-associated nematode communities.

Keywords

Meloidogyne graminicola induced resistance metabarcoding plant immunity root exudates secondary metabolism terpenoids

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MeSH Term

Animals
Diterpenes
Oryza
Plant Diseases
Rhizosphere
Sesquiterpenes
Soil
Tylenchoidea
Phytoalexins

Chemicals

Diterpenes
Sesquiterpenes
Soil
Phytoalexins
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Links to CNCB-NGDC Resources

GEN: GEND000516 (Transcriptome analysis of piperonylic acid-treated, Meloidogyne graminicola-inoculated rice roots)
GEN: GEND000518 (Transcriptome analysis of piperonylic acid-treated, Meloidogyne graminicola-inoculated rice roots)

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