Narrating Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Through Blogs.

Cheryl Tatano Beck
Author Information
  1. Cheryl Tatano Beck: Cheryl Tatano Beck is a Distinguished Professor, University of Connecticut, School of Nursing, Storrs, CT. Dr. Beck can be reached via email at Cheryl.beck@uconn.edu.

Abstract

PURPOSE: To describe women's experiences of perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as written in their blogs.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD: This qualitative descriptive study examined perinatal OCD blogs identified using Google search engine. Krippendorff's thematic content analysis method for qualitative data was used. The unit of analysis included segments of the bloggers' descriptions of their perinatal OCD. Clustering and dendrograms were used to group the data into themes.
RESULTS: Forty-three different posts from women in the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, and South Africa were analyzed. Five themes were identified that described women's experiences of perinatal OCD as told in their blogs: (1) Starting to tighten its grip during pregnancy, (2) Keeping horrific secrets all to themselves, (3) Tortured with terrifying images and thoughts, (4) Driven to compulsive behaviors to protect their infants, and (5) Long difficult road to recovery but so worth it.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Perinatal OCD is a hidden problem that can have negative consequences for mothers and for their infants and families if not diagnosed or if misdiagnosed. There are effective treatments for OCD, but first nurses and other health care providers need to identify the women who are struggling with this anxiety disorder. During the perinatal period nurses can screen women for OCD. Developing a trusting relationship with pregnant and postpartum women is critical for nurses so that their patients can feel safe enough to share their horrific secret thoughts.

References

Abramowitz J. S., Deacon B. J. (2006). Psychometric properties and construct validity of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory—Revised: Replication and extension with a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 20(8), 1016–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.001 [DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.001]
Abramowitz J. S., Deacon B. J., Olatunji B. O., Wheaton M. G., Berman N. C., Losardo D., Timpano K. R., McGrath P. B., Riemann B. C., Adams T., Björgvinsson T., Storch E. A., Hale L. R. (2010). Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychological Assessment , 22(1), 180–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018260 [DOI: 10.1037/a0018260]
American Psychological Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
Anderson J. G., Bartmess M., Hundt E., Jacelon C. (2021). “A little bit of their souls”: Investigating the concept of dignity for people living with dementia using caregivers' blogs. Journal of Family Nursing , 27(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840720975216 [DOI: 10.1177/1074840720975216]
Brakoulias V., Viswasam K., Dwyer A., Raine K. H., Starcevic V. (2020). Advances in the pharmacological management of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the postpartum period. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy , 21(2), 163–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2019.1700229 [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1700229]
Challacombe F. L., Salkovskis P. M., Woolgar M., Wilkinson E. L., Read J., Acheson R. (2016). Parenting and mother-infant interactions in the context of maternal postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder: Effects of obsessional symptoms and mood. Infant Behavior & Development , 44, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.04.003 [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.04.003]
Challacombe F. L., Wroe A. L. (2013). A hidden problem: Consequences of the misdiagnosis of perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of General Practice , 63(610), 275–276. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp13X667376 [DOI: 10.3399/bjgp13X667376]
Fairbrother N., Abramowitz J. S. (2016). Obsessions and compulsions during pregnancy and the postpartum period. In A. Wenzel (Ed.). The Oxford handbook of perinatal psychology (pp. 167–181). Oxford University Press.
Fairbrother N., Collardeau F., Albert A. Y. K., Challacombe F. L., Thordarson D. S., Woody S. R., Janssen P. A.(2021). High prevalence and incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder among women across pregnancy and the postpartum. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 82(2), e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.20m13398 [DOI: 10.4088/JCP.20m13398]
Fawcett E. J., Fairbrother N., Cox M. L., White I. R., Fawcett J. M. (2019). The prevalence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A multivariate Bayesian meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 80(4), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.18r12527 [DOI: 10.4088/JCP.18r12527]
First M. B., Spitzer R. L., Gibbon M., Williams J. B. W. (1995). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders (SCID_IP) . American Psychiatric Press.
Frank A. W. (1995). The wounded storyteller: Body, illness, and ethics . University of Chicago Press.
Garcia K., Mancuso A., Le H.-N. (2021). Mothers' experiences of perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology . Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2021.2013457 [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2021.2013457]
Goodman W. K., Price L. H., Rasmussen S. A., Mazure C., Delgado P., Heninger G. R., Charney D. S. (1989). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. II. Validity. Archives of General Psychiatry , 46(11), 1012–1016. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008 [DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008]
Greville-Harris M., Smithson J., Karl A. (2020). What are people's experiences of orthorexia nervosa? A qualitative study of online blogs. Eating and Weight Disorders , 25(6), 1693–1702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00809-2 [DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00809-2]
Hydén L.-C. (1997). Illness and narrative. Sociology of Health and Illness , 19(1), 48–69.
Kleiman K. (2019). Good moms have scary thoughts: A healing guide to the secret fears of new mothers . Familius LLC.
Krippendorff K. (2019). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology . Sage.
Lord C., Rieder A., Hall G. B. C., Soares C. N., Steiner M. (2011). Piloting the Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (POCS): Development and validation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 25(8), 1079–1084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.07.005 [DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.07.005]
Miller M. L., O'Hara M. W. (2020). Obsessive-compulsive symptoms, intrusive thoughts and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study examining relation to maternal responsiveness. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology , 38(3), 226–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2019.1652255 [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1652255]
Murphy E., Donohue G., McCann E. (2020). Exploring mental health issues through the use of blogs: A scoping review of the research evidence. Issues in Mental Health Nursing , 41(4), 296–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2019.1666326 [DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1666326]
Prodgers L., Gough B. (2021). The invisible paradox of inflammatory bowel disease: An analysis of men's blogs. Journal of Health Psychology , 26(10), 1716–1729. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319884595 [DOI: 10.1177/1359105319884595]
Ratzoni N., Doron G., Frenkel T. I. (2021). Initial evidence for symptoms of postpartum parent-infant relationship obsessive compulsive disorder (PI-ROCD) and associated risk for perturbed maternal behavior and infant social disengagement from mother. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 12, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.589949 [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.589949]
Rodriquez J. (2013). Narrating dementia: Self and community in an online forum. Qualitative Health Research , 23(9), 1215–1227. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732313501725 [DOI: 10.1177/1049732313501725]
Starcevic V., Eslick G. D., Viswasam K., Berle D. (2020). Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatric Quarterly , 91(4), 965–981. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09769-8 [DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09769-8]
Uguz F., Yuksel G., Karsidag C., Guncu H., Konak M. (2015). Birth weight and gestational age in newborns exposed to maternal obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research , 226(1), 396–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.063 [DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.063]

MeSH Term

Female
Humans
Infant
Mothers
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Parturition
Postpartum Period
Pregnancy
United Kingdom

Word Cloud

Similar Articles

Cited By