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Nanoscale research letters
Jun 04, 2022;17 (1): 56.

A Brief Review of Carbon Dots-Silica Nanoparticles Synthesis and their Potential Use as Biosensing and Theragnostic Applications.

Luis Fernando Ornelas-Hernández, Angeles Garduno-Robles, Abraham Zepeda-Moreno
Author Information
  1. Luis Fernando Ornelas-Hernández: Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigación Y Biotectogía SA. de C.V., Av. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 1966, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
  2. Angeles Garduno-Robles: Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigación Y Biotectogía SA. de C.V., Av. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 1966, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
  3. Abraham Zepeda-Moreno: Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigación Y Biotectogía SA. de C.V., Av. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 1966, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. abraham.zepeda@mxaib.com. ORCID
PMID: 35661270 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03691-7

Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon nanoparticles with sizes below 10 nm and have attracted attention due to their relatively low toxicity, great biocompatibility, water solubility, facile synthesis, and exceptional photoluminescence properties. Accordingly, CDs have been widely exploited in different sensing and biomedical applications, for example, metal sensing, catalysis, biosensing, bioimaging, drug and gene delivery, and theragnostic applications. Similarly, the well-known properties of silica, such as facile surface functionalization, good biocompatibility, high surface area, and tunable pore volume, have allowed the loading of diverse inorganic and organic moieties and nanoparticles, creating complex hybrid nanostructures that exploit distinct properties (optical, magnetic, metallic, mesoporous, etc.) for sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, diagnosis, and gene and drug delivery. In this context, CDs have been successfully grafted into diverse silica nanostructures through various synthesis methods (e.g., solgel chemistry, inverse microemulsion, surfactant templating, and molecular imprinting technology (MIT)), imparting hybrid nanostructures with multimodal properties for distinct objectives. This review discusses the recently employed synthesis methods for CDs and silica nanoparticles and their typical applications. Then, we focus on combined synthesis techniques of CD-silica nanostructures and their promising biosensing operations. Finally, we overview the most recent potential applications of these materials as innovative smart hybrid nanocarriers and theragnostic agents for the nanomedical field.

Keywords

Carbon dots Carbon dots–silica nanoparticles Nanoparticles

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