Standing genetic variation fuels rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in blackgrass.

Sonja Kersten, Jiyang Chang, Christian D Huber, Yoav Voichek, Christa Lanz, Timo Hagmaier, Patricia Lang, Ulrich Lutz, Insa Hirschberg, Jens Lerchl, Aimone Porri, Yves Van de Peer, Karl Schmid, Detlef Weigel, Fernando A Rabanal
Author Information
  1. Sonja Kersten: Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
  2. Jiyang Chang: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. ORCID
  3. Christian D Huber: Department of Biology, The Eberly College of Science, Penn State University, State College, PA 16801. ORCID
  4. Yoav Voichek: Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Bio Center, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
  5. Christa Lanz: Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
  6. Timo Hagmaier: Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
  7. Patricia Lang: Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. ORCID
  8. Ulrich Lutz: Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
  9. Insa Hirschberg: Friedrich Miescher Laboratory 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
  10. Jens Lerchl: Agricultural Research Station, BASF SE, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany.
  11. Aimone Porri: Agricultural Research Station, BASF SE, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany.
  12. Yves Van de Peer: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
  13. Karl Schmid: Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. ORCID
  14. Detlef Weigel: Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. ORCID
  15. Fernando A Rabanal: Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. ORCID

Abstract

Repeated herbicide applications in agricultural fields exert strong selection on weeds such as blackgrass (), which is a major threat for temperate climate cereal crops. This inadvertent selection pressure provides an opportunity for investigating the underlying genetic mechanisms and evolutionary processes of rapid adaptation, which can occur both through mutations in the direct targets of herbicides and through changes in other, often metabolic, pathways, known as non-target-site resistance. How much target-site resistance (TSR) relies on de novo mutations vs. standing variation is important for developing strategies to manage herbicide resistance. We first generated a chromosome-level reference genome for for population genomic studies of herbicide resistance and genome-wide diversity across Europe in this species. Next, through empirical data in the form of highly accurate long-read amplicons of alleles encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) variants, we showed that most populations with resistance due to TSR mutations-23 out of 27 and six out of nine populations for and , respectively-contained at least two TSR haplotypes, indicating that soft sweeps are the norm. Finally, through forward-in-time simulations, we inferred that TSR is likely to mainly result from standing genetic variation, with only a minor role for de novo mutations.

Keywords

References

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Grants

  1. /Landesgraduiertenfoerderung des Landes Baden-Württemberg
  2. LT000819/2018-L/Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP)
  3. /Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG)

MeSH Term

Herbicide Resistance
Poaceae
Mutation
Haplotypes
Europe
Herbicides
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Chemicals

Herbicides
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

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