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International journal of molecular sciences
Mar 27, 2023;24 (7):

Deciphering the Mechanism of Tolerance to Apple Replant Disease Using a Genetic Mapping Approach in a Malling 9 × 5 Population Identifies SNP Markers Linked to Candidate Genes.

Stefanie Reim, Ofere Francis Emeriewen, Andreas Peil, Henryk Flachowsky
Author Information
  1. Stefanie Reim: Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany. ORCID
  2. Ofere Francis Emeriewen: Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany.
  3. Andreas Peil: Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany.
  4. Henryk Flachowsky: Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany. ORCID
PMID: 37047278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076307

Abstract

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a worldwide economic risk in apple production. Although several studies have shown that the wild apple accession 5 (Mr5) is ARD-tolerant, the genetics of this tolerance have not yet been elucidated. A genetic mapping approach with a biparental population derived from contrasting parents involving molecular markers provides a means for marker-assisted selection of genetically complex traits and for determining candidate genes. In this study, we crossed the ARD-tolerant wild apple accession Mr5 and the ARD-susceptible rootstock 'M9' and analyzed the resultant progeny for ARD tolerance. Hence, a high-density genetic map using a tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS) approach was established. A total of 4804 SNPs together with 77 SSR markers were included in the parental maps comprising 17 linkage groups. The phenotypic responses to ARD were evaluated for 106 offspring and classified by an ARD-susceptibility index (ASI). A Kruskal-Wallis test identified SNP markers and one SSR marker on linkage groups (LG) 6 and 2 that correlated with ARD tolerance. We found nine candidate genes linked with these markers, which may be associated with plant response to ARD. These candidate genes provide some insight into the defense mechanisms against ARD and should be studied in more detail.

Keywords

ARD genetic mapping molecular marker plant immunity soil-borne disease

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Grants

  1. 031B0025B/Federal Ministry of Education and Research

MeSH Term

Malus
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Chromosome Mapping
Genetic Markers

Chemicals

Genetic Markers
Journal Article

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