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Magnetic resonance in medicine
01, 2024;91 (1): 51-60.

Creatine mapping of the brain at 3T by CEST MRI.

Kexin Wang, Jianpan Huang, Licheng Ju, Su Xu, Rao P Gullapalli, Yajie Liang, Joshua Rogers, Yuguo Li, Peter C M van Zijl, Robert G Weiss, Kannie W Y Chan, Jiadi Xu
Author Information
  1. Kexin Wang: F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ORCID
  2. Jianpan Huang: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. ORCID
  3. Licheng Ju: F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  4. Su Xu: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  5. Rao P Gullapalli: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  6. Yajie Liang: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  7. Joshua Rogers: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  8. Yuguo Li: F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  9. Peter C M van Zijl: F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  10. Robert G Weiss: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  11. Kannie W Y Chan: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ORCID
  12. Jiadi Xu: F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ORCID
PMID: 37814487 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29876

Abstract

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of CEST-based creatine (Cr) mapping in brain at 3T using the guanidino (Guan) proton resonance.
METHODS: Wild type and knockout mice with guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase deficiency and low Cr and phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations in the brain were used to assign the Cr and protein-based arginine contributions to the GuanCEST signal at 2.0 ppm. To quantify the Cr proton exchange rate, two-step Bloch-McConnell fitting was used to fit the extracted CrCEST line-shape and multi-B Z-spectral data. The pH response of GuanCEST was simulated to demonstrate its potential for pH mapping.
RESULTS: Brain Z-spectra of wild type and guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase deficiency mice show a clear Guan proton peak at 2.0 ppm at 3T. The CrCEST signal contributes ∼23% to the GuanCEST signal at B  = 0.8 μT, where a maximum CrCEST effect of 0.007 was detected. An exchange rate range of 200-300 s was estimated for the Cr Guan protons. As revealed by the simulation, an elevated GuanCEST in the brain is observed when B is less than 0.4 μT at 3T, when intracellular pH reduces by 0.2. Conversely, the GuanCEST decreases when B is greater than 0.4 μT with the same pH drop.
CONCLUSIONS: CrCEST mapping is possible at 3T, which has potential for detecting intracellular pH and Cr concentration in brain.

Keywords

amideCEST arginine CEST (ArgCEST) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) concentration creatine CEST (CrCEST) exchange rate guanidino or guanidinium CEST (GuanCEST) high spectral resolution (HSR) CEST pH mapping polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting (PLOF) two-step Bloch-McConnell (BM) fitting

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Grants

  1. P41 EB031771/NIBIB NIH HHS
  2. R01 HL149742/NHLBI NIH HHS
  3. R01 AG080104/NIA NIH HHS
  4. P50 HD103538/NICHD NIH HHS
  5. R21 AG074978/NIA NIH HHS
  6. R01 NS127344/NINDS NIH HHS
  7. R01 HL063030/NHLBI NIH HHS

MeSH Term

Brain
Creatine
Mice, Knockout
Movement Disorders
Protons
Mice
Animals
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase
Language Development Disorders

Chemicals

Creatine
Protons
Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase
Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

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