Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using nanomaterials silver halide catalysts.

Mahlako Mary Moja, António Benjamim Mapossa, Evans Martin Nkhalambayausi Chirwa, Shepherd Tichapondwa
Author Information
  1. Mahlako Mary Moja: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
  2. António Benjamim Mapossa: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa. mapossabenjox@gmail.com.
  3. Evans Martin Nkhalambayausi Chirwa: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
  4. Shepherd Tichapondwa: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.

Abstract

In this study, the photocatalytic activity of nanomaterials Ag/AgX (X = Cl, Br, I) is reported. Highly efficient silver halide (Ag/AgX where X = Cl, Br, I) photocatalysts were synthesized through a hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized using a range of techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) to check their structural, morphology, textural and optical properties. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts was evaluated through the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under UV and visible light irradiation. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a single-phase structure (pure phase) in the synthesized photocatalysts. SEM micrographs showed agglomeration with a non-uniform distribution of particles, which is a characteristic of surfactant-free precipitation reactions in aqueous media. The Ag/AgBr photocatalyst exhibited the best degradation efficiency, resulting in 83.37% and 89.39% photodegradation after 5 h of UV and visible light irradiation, respectively. The effect of catalyst loading, initial solution pH, and 2,4-DCP concentration was investigated for the best-performing Ag/AgBr photocatalyst. The degradation kinetics were best described by the pseudo-first-order Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The photocatalytic capacity of Ag/AgBr decreased by 50% after five reuse cycles. SEM images revealed heightened levels of photodegradation on the catalyst surface. The study proved the feasibility of using simple synthesis methods to produce visible light active photocatalysts capable of degrading refractory phenolic pollutants in aqueous systems.

Keywords

References

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MeSH Term

Silver
Light
Phenols
Nanostructures
Water
Catalysis
Chlorophenols

Chemicals

Silver
2,4-dichlorophenol
Phenols
Water
Chlorophenols

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