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Apr 01, 2024;16 (4):

Nasal Delivery to the Brain: Harnessing Nanoparticles for Effective Drug Transport.

Shivani Gandhi, Divyesh H Shastri, Jigar Shah, Anroop B Nair, Shery Jacob
Author Information
  1. Shivani Gandhi: Department of Pharmaceutics, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, A Constituent College of Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Sarva Vidyalaya Kelavani Mandal, Gh-6, Sector-23, Kadi Campus, Gandhinagar 382023, Gujarat, India.
  2. Divyesh H Shastri: Department of Pharmaceutics, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, A Constituent College of Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Sarva Vidyalaya Kelavani Mandal, Gh-6, Sector-23, Kadi Campus, Gandhinagar 382023, Gujarat, India. ORCID
  3. Jigar Shah: Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India. ORCID
  4. Anroop B Nair: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
  5. Shery Jacob: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates. ORCID
PMID: 38675142 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040481

Abstract

The nose-to-brain drug-delivery system has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the challenges associated with conventional drug administration for central nervous system disorders. This emerging field is driven by the anatomical advantages of the nasal route, enabling the direct transport of drugs from the nasal cavity to the brain, thereby circumventing the blood-brain barrier. This review highlights the significance of the anatomical features of the nasal cavity, emphasizing its high permeability and rich blood supply that facilitate rapid drug absorption and onset of action, rendering it a promising domain for neurological therapeutics. Exploring recent developments and innovations in different nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and nanogels unveils their diverse functions in improving drug-delivery efficiency and targeting specificity within this system. To minimize the potential risk of nanoparticle-induced toxicity in the nasal mucosa, this article also delves into the latest advancements in the formulation strategies commonly involving surface modifications, incorporating cutting-edge materials, the adjustment of particle properties, and the development of novel formulations to improve drug stability, release kinetics, and targeting specificity. These approaches aim to enhance drug absorption while minimizing adverse effects. These strategies hold the potential to catalyze the advancement of safer and more efficient nose-to-brain drug-delivery systems, consequently revolutionizing treatments for neurological disorders. This review provides a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical-industry professionals seeking to advance the development of effective and safe therapies for central nervous system disorders.

Keywords

blood–brain barrier formulation strategies nanocarriers nanogels nose to brain

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