Neurocomputational Models of Interval Timing: Seeing the Forest for the Trees.

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Fuat Balcı, Patrick Simen

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Fuat Balcı: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. fuat.balci@umanitoba.ca.
Patrick Simen: Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA.

PMID: 38918346 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60183-5_4

Extracting temporal regularities and relations from experience/observation is critical for organisms' adaptiveness (communication, foraging, predation, prediction) in their ecological niches. Therefore, it is not surprising that the internal clock that enables the perception of seconds-to-minutes-long intervals (interval timing) is evolutionarily well-preserved across many species of animals. This comparative claim is primarily supported by the fact that the timing behavior of many vertebrates exhibits common statistical signatures (e.g., on-average accuracy, scalar variability, positive skew). These ubiquitous statistical features of timing behaviors serve as empirical benchmarks for modelers in their efforts to unravel the processing dynamics of the internal clock (namely answering how internal clock "ticks"). In this chapter, we introduce prominent (neuro)computational approaches to modeling interval timing at a level that can be understood by general audience. These models include Treisman's pacemaker accumulator model, the information processing variant of scalar expectancy theory, the striatal beat frequency model, behavioral expectancy theory, the learning to time model, the time-adaptive opponent Poisson drift-diffusion model, time cell models, and neural trajectory models. Crucially, we discuss these models within an overarching conceptual framework that categorizes different models as threshold vs. clock-adaptive models and as dedicated clock/ramping vs. emergent time/population code models.

Computational Models Drift-Diffusion Interval Timing Pacemaker Accumulator Population Clock Models

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Animals

Time Perception

Models, Neurological

Humans

Biological Clocks

Computer Simulation

Neurons

Journal Article Review

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