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Sep 04, 2024;14 (39): 28768-28778.

Enhancing extraction efficiency of carpaine in L. leaves: coupling acid-base extraction with surfactant-assisted micro-flotation.

Thien Quang Lam, Anh Thi Quynh Tran, Thu Le Anh Phan, Florian Zitzmann, Nam Van Ho Phan, Khoi Tan Nguyen
Author Information
  1. Thien Quang Lam: School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam ntkhoi@hcmiu.edu.vn +84 8 3724 4271 +84 8 3724 4270.
  2. Anh Thi Quynh Tran: School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam ntkhoi@hcmiu.edu.vn +84 8 3724 4271 +84 8 3724 4270. ORCID
  3. Thu Le Anh Phan: School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam ntkhoi@hcmiu.edu.vn +84 8 3724 4271 +84 8 3724 4270.
  4. Florian Zitzmann: School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam ntkhoi@hcmiu.edu.vn +84 8 3724 4271 +84 8 3724 4270.
  5. Nam Van Ho Phan: University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.
  6. Khoi Tan Nguyen: School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam ntkhoi@hcmiu.edu.vn +84 8 3724 4271 +84 8 3724 4270. ORCID
PMID: 39263437 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05132g

Abstract

Carpaine, a major alkaloid in papaya leaves, has considerable cardiovascular benefits alongside its notable effects on muscle relaxation when utilized in medicine. In this study, the coupling of acid-base extraction and flotation was developed to completely remove the use of toxic solvents. This method entails the extraction of carpaine from L. leaves using hot water extraction alongside ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by the condensation of the species using surfactant-assisted flotation. The acid-base extraction was applied to alter the solubility of carpaine as desired at different stages of the process. The results showed that the carpaine extraction yield using all the treatments in conjunction was significantly higher compared to the control samples in which the acid-base extraction or flotation was not applied. The TLC and GC-FID results suggested that the bubbles introduced during the flotation were highly specific toward their interactions with carpaine in its hydrophobic complex form. The quantity of carpaine extracted using our method, in comparison to the amount of carpaine obtained using a different method from a previous study that utilized ethanolic extraction, exhibited a 2.32-fold greater extraction yield. This work demonstrates the importance of flexible utilization of both surface and bulk chemistry in achieving an improved solution for a technical problem.

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