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Clinical implant dentistry and related research
Feb, 2025;27 (1): e13402.

Exploring the Learning Curve of Dental Implant Placement Using a Task-Autonomous Robotic System Among Young Dentists From Different Specialties-A Pilot Module Study.

Minjie Zhuang, Jinyan Chen, Baoxin Tao, Meisha Gul, Feng Wang, Yiqun Wu
Author Information
  1. Minjie Zhuang: Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. ORCID
  2. Jinyan Chen: Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. ORCID
  3. Baoxin Tao: Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. ORCID
  4. Meisha Gul: Operative Dentistry Institute, Bahria University Dental College, Bahria University of Health Sciences Campus, Karachi, Pakistan. ORCID
  5. Feng Wang: Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
  6. Yiqun Wu: Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. ORCID
PMID: 39407090 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13402

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The learning curve effect of dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (D-CAIS) was observed among inexperienced novice surgeons. The learning curves can provide valuable information for novice surgeons and valid comparisons between new and conventional techniques. Recently, robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (R-CAIS) has shown promise as a novel dental implant surgical technique for both partially and edentulous patients. However, its learning curve remains unknown.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the learning curve of dental implant placement surgery with a task-autonomous robotic system among young dentists with different specialties.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four young dentists (mean age: 25.3 ± 1.5 years at the beginning of their first attempt) with equal representation of males and females and with different specialties participated in this study. None of the participants had prior experience in R-CAIS. Each operator placed eight implants over eight attempts using a semi-active task-autonomous robotic system. Among the eight implants, four were straight lateral incisor implants, and four were 30°-tilted premolar implants. The implants were placed in each dental quadrant of the maxillary and mandibular jaw modules. The operation time was recorded. Coronal, apical, and angular deviations between the planned and actual sites of implant placement were measured by merging preoperative and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The data were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: The mean time for implant placement was associated with the number of attempts (p < 0.01). The time taken for the second attempt was significantly shorter than that of the first attempt (33.26 vs. 30.47 min; p < 0.001) then it plateaued. Three-dimensional (3D) angular (p = 0.31), coronal deviation (p = 0.26), and apical deviation (p = 0.06) did not differ significantly among attempts. The mean values and standard deviations of 3D coronal deviation, 3D apical deviation, and 3D angular deviation were 0.71 ± 0.31 mm, 0.72 ± 0.30 mm, and 0.94 ± 0.58°, respectively. Neither the position of the jaw (p > 0.59) nor the tilt angle of the implant (straight or 30°-tilted, p > 0.85) was related to implant placement accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS: Dentists quickly learned the basic workflow of R-CAIS and thus facilitated the clinicians in the mastery of implant placement on edentulous jaw modules, leading to a comparable operating speed and high precision. Moreover, the accuracy of placement of straight and tilted implants in both the maxilla and mandible with R-CAIS was satisfactory.

Keywords

guided implant surgery implant accuracy learning curve operating time robot‐assisted dental implant surgery

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Grants

  1. 2022ZZ01017/Shanghai's Top Priority Research Center
  2. SHDC2020CR3049B/Clinical Research Plan of SHDC
  3. 2019-I2M-5-037/CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)
  4. YG2021QN72/Combined Engineering and Medical Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  5. KQHX2022-07/Horizontal Project of the National Center for Clinical Research of Oral Diseases
  6. 1781-2023/the International Team for Implantology

MeSH Term

Humans
Male
Female
Young Adult
Adult
Education, Dental
Learning Curve
Dental Implantation
Robotic Surgical Procedures
Pilot Projects
Journal Article

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