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Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
Dec 30, 2024;14 (1):

Formulation, Characterization, Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Activity, and Safety Evaluation of Essential Oil Nanoemulsions Through High-Pressure Homogenization.

Yue Yan, Changhe Wei, Xin Liu, Xin Zhao, Shanmei Zhao, Shuai Tong, Guoyou Ren, Qin Wei
Author Information
  1. Yue Yan: Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China.
  2. Changhe Wei: Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Liangshan 615000, China.
  3. Xin Liu: Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China.
  4. Xin Zhao: Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China.
  5. Shanmei Zhao: Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China.
  6. Shuai Tong: Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China.
  7. Guoyou Ren: Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China.
  8. Qin Wei: Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China.
PMID: 39857367 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14010033

Abstract

The volatility, instability, and water insolubility of essential oil (CLEO) limit its practical applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. CLEO nanoemulsions (CLNEs) were formulated and characterized to overcome the aforementioned issues. The volatile compounds of CLEO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. CLNEs were prepared using EL-40 (5%, /) as the surfactant via the high-pressure homogenization method. The formation of nanoemulsions was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Homogenized nanoemulsions had smaller particle sizes of 39.99 ± 0.47 nm and exhibited enhanced stability. The nanostructured CLEO showed an antibacterial effect against and . The antibacterial mechanism was explored through bacterial morphology and intracellular lysate leakage. CLNEs disrupted the structure of bacterial cells and impaired the permeability of cell membranes, resulting in the leakage of bacterial intracellular contents. The nanoemulsions exhibited superior radical scavenging ability compared to the pure oil. Furthermore, evaluations of the cellular safety of the CLNEs demonstrated that the survival rate of exposed HOECs was greater than 90%, with an apoptosis rate of less than 10% in a concentration range. The results demonstrated that nanoemulsification improved the stability, solubility in aqueous media, and bioavailability of CLEO, thereby broadening its potential industrial applications as a natural antibacterial and antioxidant agent.

Keywords

Camphora longepaniculata essential oil antibacterial antioxidant chemical composition morphological change nanoemulsions stability

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Grants

  1. 2020QH05/Yibin University Science and Technology Program
  2. 2021ZYSF011/The Science and Technology Planning Project of Yibin City
  3. No. 22YZZ07/Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Oil Cinnamon
  4. 2023YFN0017/The Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Project
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