Crustal to mantle melt storage during the evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes.
Esteban Gazel, Kyle Dayton, Wenwei Liang, Junlin Hua, Kendra J Lynn, Julia E Hammer
Author Information
Esteban Gazel: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, 2160 Snee Hall, 112 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. ORCID
Kyle Dayton: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, 2160 Snee Hall, 112 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. ORCID
Wenwei Liang: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, 2160 Snee Hall, 112 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
Junlin Hua: Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth's Interior, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China. ORCID
Kendra J Lynn: Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, US Geological Survey, 1266 Kamehameha Avenue, Suite A-8, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. ORCID
Julia E Hammer: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i, Manoa, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. ORCID
As the Pacific Plate migrates over the mantle plume below Hawai'i, magma flux decreases, resulting in changes in eruptive volume, style, and composition. It is thought that melt storage becomes deeper and ephemeral with the transition from highly voluminous tholeiitic (shield stage) to the less voluminous alkaline (post-shield and rejuvenation stages) magmatism. To quantitatively test this, we applied high-precision fluid inclusion barometry via Raman spectroscopy to samples from representative volcanoes of different evolutionary stages. This suggests an evolution from shield-stage shallow magma storage (~1 to 2 kilometers) for Kīlauea to a post-shield stage that includes crustal magma storage within the volcanic edifice (~2 kilometers) and deeper storage below the Moho (~20 to 27 kilometers) for Haleakalā. The rejuvenation stage (Diamond Head) displays mantle-dominated storage (~22 to 30 kilometers). High melt fluxes likely form stable conduits from the mantle to a shallow reservoir in the shield volcanoes. As melt flux decreases, the Moho becomes the boundary controlling melt stagnation and evolution.
