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Os08g0191433

2014-06-10T08:01:46Z

李艳玲: /* References */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
[[File:图B.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure B.''' ''Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes.<ref name="ref4" />'']]
* FigureB shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />. 

===Expression===

===Localization===

===Evolution===

===Knowledge Extension===

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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agttccaatatcctacaccatcaaattggtctaaaaaaattgttgctggctaataatttcagtgattctgctacagatatatgctggctctgacttcatccttgttccatccatctttgaaccttgcggtttgactcaacttgttgccatgcgctatggatccatccctattgttcggaaaaccggaggtgagtgtacataataacatgtacatatatgagctttcttactgacctcaaggaccataaaaatgctttacatacatagatagcttactggtactcctatgattcattctctcctttctttgcacatcatgagctgaacgtgaatcctattttcttcacgcgcaggactttacgacactgttttcgacgtagaccatgacaaagaccgggctcgagttctaggccttgaaccaaatgggttcagctttgatggagctgactgtaatggtgtggattacgccctgaacaggcaagtacctccacacctcacaattgtgtgaatgcacaattgagctgaacataatcgtacagaaccccgagccaaattcatcatgtgacatccgtgtggtttgtgtgcttggtggtctattgtttatgtgtcttccatgtaatcgcaaacaaaaaaagaagaagaattatcttccctaattcaatcatatattatcttattcatgcaatgtttgctacccttttgcagagcaatctcttcttggtttgaagcccgcggttggttccactccctctgcaaaagggtcatggagcaagactggtcctggaaccggcctgccctggactacattgaactgtaccattcagctcacaaattttgaggcccccatccaacggtggcaagagaaagcaagcattggcagatactacaaattaaatgaaacatggctcaaagttaaaatattttatctgagctgcagatacaaattaactcaaacatggttcaaagttaagatcttttatctgagctacacatatatatgcagaataaagactctttacagcatgcataaacaattgtgggagtatgtatcagctatgtttcctattctcagttttaattatgaatacttgatttagtaccagaaccgtgtacatatgtttgcaaaattgcaagtaaaatgaaggtgtagaactataatgttgttctatggtttcttttgcgctacatctggactatggctatggcgtggctgtgtatgccttgcaagagaaatattcccaatgacaatatatggctgctcaattggcttccaggtc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T10:04:57Z

李艳玲: /* Annotated Information */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
[[File:图B.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure B.''' ''Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes.<ref name="ref4" />'']]
* FigureB shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />. 

===Expression===

===Localization===

===Evolution===

===Knowledge Extension===

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcaggtttttgaccaaccgattaccttctttttttttgtggggatgtttttgaccaaataagttactatttcacatcctaagacatgttataaaattcatccaaactcagtattctttcaaatatacaataattaatttgaccagttagatcattcttcactttgaacttgtgccttaagctgactgttttgaccaaacgaattgatggcccacccagttagcagttagcactatttattggaacttctgttataccatattatattattcaaggaaaaatgtagttgttcactgtcatgtatatatcttgatgttttgaacatcagatatatgttgtgaagtccttcggcttactattcccacttttttgcttgtacaggttgagaaaagagcaaaaatgaaatctgagatgaaggaaaagactatgagaatgtttctactttctcagaaacacattgtttatactgaaccacttgaaatacgtgctggaacaactgtggatgttctatataatccttctaatacggtgctgaatggaaagccagaggtttggtttaggtggtcctttaaccgatggatgcatccaagtggtgttttaccacccaagaagatggtgaaaacagaagatggttgtcacttaaaagcgacaggtttgagcttgacttgttacattgttccttttaatgctgatagatttatatgatacatgtactgatgtgcacttttatccattaatatatattattaagtgctactggaccattaattgatcaagcactgttgaagtatatgtctagcaatgttccaactttgatccataaatggtatctagtaccaattttgaaacctgaatcacaaggtgacataattatactattctgaagagctagctagtttagtgcctaaatgagctacgacaattctgtaactggagttttctaaatgttataactgcaaaaaatctagctggtttactgtagacataattcattataatatctagtatatcgcagtctaacccagaagagctcaaaatttcaaactactttggattattactcaactcttggtaaaaggtggcaatttggtgattaaactcaataatgtcctgtcaaaatttaccttttatgtttaacttattttggaactttggttggtatatcgttcagtttactcaatattacagtgtaatacattttttcccttccatattcattagtccctgttatgttccttctccagttagtgttccatcggatgcttatatgatggactttgttttctctgagtcggaagaaggtggaatctatgacaacaggaatgggacagactatcatattcctgtttctggttccaatgcaaaggagcctcccattcatattgtccatatagcggttgagatggcacccattgcaaaggtaagccatattaccatgtaaaattttctgtggctagcaacagtgctagacatcaacacttgccaagttatctgttatttctatgtgcataaagtaatgccatactctgtaatctccaattacaggttggaggccttgctgacgttgtcacaagtctttcacgtgcaattcaagagttaggccatcatgttgaggttattctcccgaaatataattttatgaatcaaagcaatgtaagttcaagtagcacaacagcctatgtttctcctattatataatatattatttatttattttcggtttctgtggtggttttgtcgctaagaaactcaaatcgaagagctctctattttaagagagtctattacgatactgtatatggatgtgctccgtgttgtccttcctttctcagttagttaggatttgtgttagatatgtggattgctgtcaaatattcgaaatgtaccttaatatatcatatacaattctagttctaaattttgtattatttgaaaaaaaataactttttcatgtcttgtccttgatgcacaagaactatggaggcaaagaggacttgtcaagtgtagcagagaactcaagaatatagaaaagtggattttatatcttgtatgaaccatgtttcatccgtttcaatgcaggtgaagaatttgcatgtacgtcaaagcttttctttgggtggtacagaaattaaagtgtggtttggactagttgaagacctgtctgtttacttcttggaacctcaaaatgggtatgttgcatctcattcttcacacaaacatagctattagtctattactcttgtttcacgaaaaccatcatccctaatccttatactagctaatgcacagttcactaagcctaagatgcagggtatgatatccttctaaaaaccaattgttggttcctgtcgagtacaagagctaacttagtactccctctgttttttaatagatgacgccgttgactttttctcacatgtttgaccattcgtcttattcaaaaattttatgcaaatgtatacgatataaatcacacttaaagaactatgagtgataaaacaactcataacaaaataaattataattccgtaaatattttgaataagacgaatggtcaaacatgtgagaaagtcaacggcgtcatctattaaaaaacggaggtagtaccagttattcaaaccttggccagtttaggcccttcttttgatccctccttccactgcagtatgcatattattattttttttcaagtatgtgatacaaatctgaaatctaaatataagaattaaaggtacaatcaccaaatgcaacccaccagaagtataatgatttcgattttttttttcatttttagtcttcaatatcattctctttctttgtttccatgttttgcctcagctggtagtctgagcagaatagttctgttctaagcttagattgcaaaattgtttttgagaatccatgtaatgtgttttgccgctccttagcatggatggtggtttaaatcttttcccttaatacgaagatatgcaaatctttttcttagtttgggtcgcaaaattgtttgtgatttttttgagaatgttatgcactgatcatgattctacttcagttattagaattggtatctttagtcctctaaccttgaccaaacaattgtgacctattcagctctttgactaggcataaggacctagccagggttaaagagtttgctggttcgagctcaaatcaggatatctgagaacaacctggccttgccctttctcagcctatattggcctttactgggaacacaaattgcttgggtagcattagtatttagctagtttatatttatttcgatttttgctctaccatatccatgaactgcaagttctctacacaacttcatggcgctgaattgacagaagaacatttgtaagatgcaccagggcttaggtgattacaccacactgtactataattcatacacatgctagtataattatttactcctgactggttcagttcctgtatgatgatttcagttatcgcaggaactgttttggagattgtttccttgtaggtggcttcacagaataatcaatttggcatgtcttgtggcaggatgtttgggggtggatgggtatatggagggaacgatgctggcagatttggcttgttctgtcagtctgctctagagttcctccttcagagtggatcttctccagtaagtatttctctaattgaaaacttccaagtccaaaatcagtgataaaagagaattttttacttttggtaataaatatattgttttttcctcttgatattttcttcacgttcttgttttccatgcttgcatttcattatgtcaaaacatgtttaagtcactgacttatttgctgcattagccttttctttcccagtcactttttcaccttacattcactttactcctcttttcaaaaagagtgacattttatcgtcctgacagcatataatacactgccatgattggtcaagtgcaccagttgcctggctatacaaggaacactatgcagaatccaggttggcaactgcccggattatatttaccatccataatcttgagtttggagcacattttattggaaaagcaatgacatactgcgacaaagccacaactgtgagtgcctgattgtcttgaagagttttatcatctagtttggtgcattttcatgttatatgaaaaataaaattattttcatatgttcaaacatcttcatgtctgtcttgccataccttgcaggtttctcacacgtattcaaaggaagtcgcaggtcatggtgccatagctcctcatcgtggaaaattctatggaattctcaatggaattgatccagatatctgggatccatatactgataacttcatcccggtatagtcatgatagtcgaatacatttttatacaactaccagtccatatgtatttgatcttggtaaactaaaacaaagtttgcttgggttgccaattatgcgcactcataagattatcactttaactaatacttttgtgatagttgtcctaatatgtaattattgaaagtgcaaatgcacactgatgccacagtattgccccaaacatttttcatgttttgcttatttcatcctatgtcagatgcattatacttctgaaaatgtggttgaaggcaagaatgctgcaaagagagcattgcagcagaggtttggactgcagcagactgatgtccccattgttggaatcatcactcgtctgacagcccagaagggtatccacctcattaaacatgcacttcatcggacacttgaacgcaatggacaggttaatcatttgatgacaatcttctagtgtctccctagaacttgcttttccctttcgcaattatttttgccgacctatctgaaacaagtgatgtgtttgctttttaggtggttttgcttggttcagctccagatcctcggatacagagtgatttctgcagattggctgatagtcttcatggtgaaaaccatggcagggttagactatgtttaacttatgacgagcctctctcacacctggtcagttccaatatcctacaccatcaaattggtctaaaaaaattgttgctggctaataatttcagtgattctgctacagatatatgctggctctgacttcatccttgttccatccatctttgaaccttgcggtttgactcaacttgttgccatgcgctatggatccatccctattgttcggaaaaccggaggtgagtgtacataataacatgtacatatatgagctttcttactgacctcaaggaccataaaaatgctttacatacatagatagcttactggtactcctatgattcattctctcctttctttgcacatcatgagctgaacgtgaatcctattttcttcacgcgcaggactttacgacactgttttcgacgtagaccatgacaaagaccgggctcgagttctaggccttgaaccaaatgggttcagctttgatggagctgactgtaatggtgtggattacgccctgaacaggcaagtacctccacacctcacaattgtgtgaatgcacaattgagctgaacataatcgtacagaaccccgagccaaattcatcatgtgacatccgtgtggtttgtgtgcttggtggtctattgtttatgtgtcttccatgtaatcgcaaacaaaaaaagaagaagaattatcttccctaattcaatcatatattatcttattcatgcaatgtttgctacccttttgcagagcaatctcttcttggtttgaagcccgcggttggttccactccctctgcaaaagggtcatggagcaagactggtcctggaaccggcctgccctggactacattgaactgtaccattcagctcacaaattttgaggcccccatccaacggtggcaagagaaagcaagcattggcagatactacaaattaaatgaaacatggctcaaagttaaaatattttatctgagctgcagatacaaattaactcaaacatggttcaaagttaagatcttttatctgagctacacatatatatgcagaataaagactctttacagcatgcataaacaattgtgggagtatgtatcagctatgtttcctattctcagttttaattatgaatacttgatttagtaccagaaccgtgtacatatgtttgcaaaattgcaagtaaaatgaaggtgtagaactataatgttgttctatggtttcttttgcgctacatctggactatggctatggcgtggctgtgtatgccttgcaagagaaatattcccaatgacaatatatggctgctcaattggcttccaggtc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T10:04:23Z

李艳玲: /* Localization */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
[[File:图B.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure B.''' ''Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes.<ref name="ref4" />'']]
* FigureB shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />. 

===Expression===
* FigureA shows that Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes. (A) Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between rice SS isoforms. The tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method of MEGA-4.1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
glutamine synthetase (AgtGS) was used as an outgroup. GenBank accession numbers are shown in parentheses; (B) Structural similarity
of rice SS genes. Open boxes, represent untranslated regions; black boxes, coding regions; solid lines, introns. Highly similar sequence
segments are highlighted by light gray areas.<ref name="ref1" />

* The kernels of SSIIa/SSIIIa double repression lines displayed a chalky kernel appearanceand had increased amylose levels, increased pasting temperatures, and decreased viscosities. The double mutation also reducedshort (degree of polymerization (DP) 5–6) and long (DP 12–23) amylopectin chain contents in the grain and increasedthe medium long types (DP 7–11). The nonadditive nature of the double mutation line suggests that SSIIa andSSIIIa interact with each other during starch synthesis. Such interaction may be physical via starch phophorylase as indicatedby pair-wise yeast two-hybrid assays on major starch synthesis enzymes. SSIIa and SSIIIa play distinctive, but partially overlapping, roles during rice grain starch synthesis.<ref name="ref1" />

===Localization===

===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

File:图B.jpg

2014-06-09T10:03:41Z

李艳玲:

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T10:03:05Z

李艳玲: /* Annotated Information */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
[[File:图B.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure B.''' ''Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes.<ref name="ref4" />'']]
* FigureB shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />. 

===Expression===
* FigureA shows that Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes. (A) Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between rice SS isoforms. The tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method of MEGA-4.1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
glutamine synthetase (AgtGS) was used as an outgroup. GenBank accession numbers are shown in parentheses; (B) Structural similarity
of rice SS genes. Open boxes, represent untranslated regions; black boxes, coding regions; solid lines, introns. Highly similar sequence
segments are highlighted by light gray areas.<ref name="ref1" />

* The kernels of SSIIa/SSIIIa double repression lines displayed a chalky kernel appearanceand had increased amylose levels, increased pasting temperatures, and decreased viscosities. The double mutation also reducedshort (degree of polymerization (DP) 5–6) and long (DP 12–23) amylopectin chain contents in the grain and increasedthe medium long types (DP 7–11). The nonadditive nature of the double mutation line suggests that SSIIa andSSIIIa interact with each other during starch synthesis. Such interaction may be physical via starch phophorylase as indicatedby pair-wise yeast two-hybrid assays on major starch synthesis enzymes. SSIIa and SSIIIa play distinctive, but partially overlapping, roles during rice grain starch synthesis.<ref name="ref1" />

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

File:图A.jpg

2014-06-09T10:00:29Z

李艳玲: uploaded a new version of "File:图A.jpg": Reverted to version as of 07:52, 9 June 2014

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T09:58:37Z

李艳玲: /* Annotated Information */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* FigureA shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />. 

===Expression===
* FigureA shows that Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes. (A) Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between rice SS isoforms. The tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method of MEGA-4.1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
glutamine synthetase (AgtGS) was used as an outgroup. GenBank accession numbers are shown in parentheses; (B) Structural similarity
of rice SS genes. Open boxes, represent untranslated regions; black boxes, coding regions; solid lines, introns. Highly similar sequence
segments are highlighted by light gray areas.<ref name="ref1" />

* The kernels of SSIIa/SSIIIa double repression lines displayed a chalky kernel appearanceand had increased amylose levels, increased pasting temperatures, and decreased viscosities. The double mutation also reducedshort (degree of polymerization (DP) 5–6) and long (DP 12–23) amylopectin chain contents in the grain and increasedthe medium long types (DP 7–11). The nonadditive nature of the double mutation line suggests that SSIIa andSSIIIa interact with each other during starch synthesis. Such interaction may be physical via starch phophorylase as indicatedby pair-wise yeast two-hybrid assays on major starch synthesis enzymes. SSIIa and SSIIIa play distinctive, but partially overlapping, roles during rice grain starch synthesis.<ref name="ref1" />

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T09:56:38Z

李艳玲: /* Annotated Information */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]
[[File:图B.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure B.''' ''Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes.<ref name="ref1" />'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* FigureA shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />. 

===Expression===
* FigureA shows that Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes. (A) Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between rice SS isoforms. The tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method of MEGA-4.1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
glutamine synthetase (AgtGS) was used as an outgroup. GenBank accession numbers are shown in parentheses; (B) Structural similarity
of rice SS genes. Open boxes, represent untranslated regions; black boxes, coding regions; solid lines, introns. Highly similar sequence
segments are highlighted by light gray areas.<ref name="ref1" />

* The kernels of SSIIa/SSIIIa double repression lines displayed a chalky kernel appearanceand had increased amylose levels, increased pasting temperatures, and decreased viscosities. The double mutation also reducedshort (degree of polymerization (DP) 5–6) and long (DP 12–23) amylopectin chain contents in the grain and increasedthe medium long types (DP 7–11). The nonadditive nature of the double mutation line suggests that SSIIa andSSIIIa interact with each other during starch synthesis. Such interaction may be physical via starch phophorylase as indicatedby pair-wise yeast two-hybrid assays on major starch synthesis enzymes. SSIIa and SSIIIa play distinctive, but partially overlapping, roles during rice grain starch synthesis.<ref name="ref1" />

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T09:07:10Z

李艳玲: /* Annotated Information */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* FigureA shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />. 

===Expression===
[[File:图B.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure B.''' ''Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes.<ref name="ref1" />'']]
* FigureA shows that Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes. (A) Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between rice SS isoforms. The tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method of MEGA-4.1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
glutamine synthetase (AgtGS) was used as an outgroup. GenBank accession numbers are shown in parentheses; (B) Structural similarity
of rice SS genes. Open boxes, represent untranslated regions; black boxes, coding regions; solid lines, introns. Highly similar sequence
segments are highlighted by light gray areas.<ref name="ref1" />

* The kernels of SSIIa/SSIIIa double repression lines displayed a chalky kernel appearanceand had increased amylose levels, increased pasting temperatures, and decreased viscosities. The double mutation also reducedshort (degree of polymerization (DP) 5–6) and long (DP 12–23) amylopectin chain contents in the grain and increasedthe medium long types (DP 7–11). The nonadditive nature of the double mutation line suggests that SSIIa andSSIIIa interact with each other during starch synthesis. Such interaction may be physical via starch phophorylase as indicatedby pair-wise yeast two-hybrid assays on major starch synthesis enzymes. SSIIa and SSIIIa play distinctive, but partially overlapping, roles during rice grain starch synthesis.<ref name="ref1" />

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

File:图A.jpg

2014-06-09T08:40:14Z

李艳玲: uploaded a new version of "File:图A.jpg": Phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures of rice starch synthase genes.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T08:24:40Z

李艳玲: /* Mutation */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* FigureA shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />. 

===Expression===
* '''Expression pattern of ''BC12'' ''' Quantitative PCR revealed that '''''BC12''''' is universally expressed in all organs examined, with higher expression in panicles and culms<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" />. The RT-PCR analyses also shows greater expression of '''''BC12''''' in the tissues enriched in dividing cells than in those enriched in non-dividing cells<ref name="ref1" />. 
* '''Expression Analysis in Mutant''' Affymetrix whole-genomemicroarray chip analyses by ''Juan Li et al.'' shows that 116 downregulated and 125 upregulated genes in the mutant compared with the wild type (more than four fold expression change; Figure 2). Of note, the genes involved in cell wall expansion were significantly altered in expression in the mutant. Those encoding xylanase inhibitor protein and cellulose synthase (CESA6) were greatly upregulated. By contrast, the gene for lignin forming anionic peroxidase was downregulated. That imply '''''BC12''''' might be involved in the regulation of genes associated with cell wall assembly.Of note, the expression of the rice KO gene KO2, a key enzyme in early GA synthesis, was greatly decreased in mutation compared with the wild type<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:BC12_5.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 3.''' ''Phylogenetic tree of '''BC12''' and representative homologs from Arabidopsis and animals.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T08:23:56Z

李艳玲: /* Annotated Information */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* FigureA shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />. 

[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice
seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]

===Expression===
* '''Expression pattern of ''BC12'' ''' Quantitative PCR revealed that '''''BC12''''' is universally expressed in all organs examined, with higher expression in panicles and culms<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" />. The RT-PCR analyses also shows greater expression of '''''BC12''''' in the tissues enriched in dividing cells than in those enriched in non-dividing cells<ref name="ref1" />. 
* '''Expression Analysis in Mutant''' Affymetrix whole-genomemicroarray chip analyses by ''Juan Li et al.'' shows that 116 downregulated and 125 upregulated genes in the mutant compared with the wild type (more than four fold expression change; Figure 2). Of note, the genes involved in cell wall expansion were significantly altered in expression in the mutant. Those encoding xylanase inhibitor protein and cellulose synthase (CESA6) were greatly upregulated. By contrast, the gene for lignin forming anionic peroxidase was downregulated. That imply '''''BC12''''' might be involved in the regulation of genes associated with cell wall assembly.Of note, the expression of the rice KO gene KO2, a key enzyme in early GA synthesis, was greatly decreased in mutation compared with the wild type<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:BC12_5.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 3.''' ''Phylogenetic tree of '''BC12''' and representative homologs from Arabidopsis and animals.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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agttccaatatcctacaccatcaaattggtctaaaaaaattgttgctggctaataatttcagtgattctgctacagatatatgctggctctgacttcatccttgttccatccatctttgaaccttgcggtttgactcaacttgttgccatgcgctatggatccatccctattgttcggaaaaccggaggtgagtgtacataataacatgtacatatatgagctttcttactgacctcaaggaccataaaaatgctttacatacatagatagcttactggtactcctatgattcattctctcctttctttgcacatcatgagctgaacgtgaatcctattttcttcacgcgcaggactttacgacactgttttcgacgtagaccatgacaaagaccgggctcgagttctaggccttgaaccaaatgggttcagctttgatggagctgactgtaatggtgtggattacgccctgaacaggcaagtacctccacacctcacaattgtgtgaatgcacaattgagctgaacataatcgtacagaaccccgagccaaattcatcatgtgacatccgtgtggtttgtgtgcttggtggtctattgtttatgtgtcttccatgtaatcgcaaacaaaaaaagaagaagaattatcttccctaattcaatcatatattatcttattcatgcaatgtttgctacccttttgcagagcaatctcttcttggtttgaagcccgcggttggttccactccctctgcaaaagggtcatggagcaagactggtcctggaaccggcctgccctggactacattgaactgtaccattcagctcacaaattttgaggcccccatccaacggtggcaagagaaagcaagcattggcagatactacaaattaaatgaaacatggctcaaagttaaaatattttatctgagctgcagatacaaattaactcaaacatggttcaaagttaagatcttttatctgagctacacatatatatgcagaataaagactctttacagcatgcataaacaattgtgggagtatgtatcagctatgtttcctattctcagttttaattatgaatacttgatttagtaccagaaccgtgtacatatgtttgcaaaattgcaagtaaaatgaaggtgtagaactataatgttgttctatggtttcttttgcgctacatctggactatggctatggcgtggctgtgtatgccttgcaagagaaatattcccaatgacaatatatggctgctcaattggcttccaggtc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T08:22:33Z

李艳玲: /* Function */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:BC12_1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 1.''' '' '''BC12''' Mutant VS. WT(from reference) <ref name="ref2" />.'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* FigureA shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />. 

[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice
seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]

===Expression===
* '''Expression pattern of ''BC12'' ''' Quantitative PCR revealed that '''''BC12''''' is universally expressed in all organs examined, with higher expression in panicles and culms<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" />. The RT-PCR analyses also shows greater expression of '''''BC12''''' in the tissues enriched in dividing cells than in those enriched in non-dividing cells<ref name="ref1" />. 
* '''Expression Analysis in Mutant''' Affymetrix whole-genomemicroarray chip analyses by ''Juan Li et al.'' shows that 116 downregulated and 125 upregulated genes in the mutant compared with the wild type (more than four fold expression change; Figure 2). Of note, the genes involved in cell wall expansion were significantly altered in expression in the mutant. Those encoding xylanase inhibitor protein and cellulose synthase (CESA6) were greatly upregulated. By contrast, the gene for lignin forming anionic peroxidase was downregulated. That imply '''''BC12''''' might be involved in the regulation of genes associated with cell wall assembly.Of note, the expression of the rice KO gene KO2, a key enzyme in early GA synthesis, was greatly decreased in mutation compared with the wild type<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:BC12_5.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 3.''' ''Phylogenetic tree of '''BC12''' and representative homologs from Arabidopsis and animals.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T08:21:32Z

李艳玲: /* Mutation */

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T08:20:43Z

李艳玲: /* Mutation */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:BC12_1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 1.''' '' '''BC12''' Mutant VS. WT(from reference) <ref name="ref2" />.'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* FigureA shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

*Starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutants were generated using retrotransposon insertion and chemicalmutagenesis. The lowest migrating SS activity bands on glycogen-containing native polyacrylamide gel, which were identifiedto be those for SSIIIa, were completely absent in these mutants, indicating that they are SSIIIa null mutants. The amylopectin B2 to B4chains with degree of polymerization (DP) $ 30 and the Mr of amylopectin in the mutant were reduced to about 60% and 70%of the wild-type values, respectively, suggesting that SSIIIa plays an important part in the elongation of amylopectin B2 to B4chains. Chains with DP 6 to 9 and DP 16 to 19 decreased while chains with DP 10 to 15 and DP 20 to 25 increased in the mutantsamylopectin. These changes in the SSIIIa mutants are almost opposite images of those of SSI-deficient rice mutant and werecaused by 1.3- to 1.7-fold increase of the amount of SSI in the mutants endosperm. Furthermore, the amylose content and theextralong chains (DP $ 500) of amylopectin were increased by 1.3- and 12-fold, respectively. These changes in the compositionin the mutants starch were caused by 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in amounts of granules-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). The starchgranules of the mutants were smaller with round shape, and were less crystalline. Thus, deficiency in SSIIIa, the second majorSS isozyme in developing rice endosperm affected the structure of amylopectin, amylase content, and physicochemicalproperties of starch granules in two ways: directly by the SSIIIa deficiency itself and indirectly by the enhancement of both SSIand GBSSI gene transcripts.<ref name="ref4" />.

[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure A.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice
seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]

===Expression===
* '''Expression pattern of ''BC12'' ''' Quantitative PCR revealed that '''''BC12''''' is universally expressed in all organs examined, with higher expression in panicles and culms<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" />. The RT-PCR analyses also shows greater expression of '''''BC12''''' in the tissues enriched in dividing cells than in those enriched in non-dividing cells<ref name="ref1" />. 
* '''Expression Analysis in Mutant''' Affymetrix whole-genomemicroarray chip analyses by ''Juan Li et al.'' shows that 116 downregulated and 125 upregulated genes in the mutant compared with the wild type (more than four fold expression change; Figure 2). Of note, the genes involved in cell wall expansion were significantly altered in expression in the mutant. Those encoding xylanase inhibitor protein and cellulose synthase (CESA6) were greatly upregulated. By contrast, the gene for lignin forming anionic peroxidase was downregulated. That imply '''''BC12''''' might be involved in the regulation of genes associated with cell wall assembly.Of note, the expression of the rice KO gene KO2, a key enzyme in early GA synthesis, was greatly decreased in mutation compared with the wild type<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:BC12_5.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 3.''' ''Phylogenetic tree of '''BC12''' and representative homologs from Arabidopsis and animals.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcaggtttttgaccaaccgattaccttctttttttttgtggggatgtttttgaccaaataagttactatttcacatcctaagacatgttataaaattcatccaaactcagtattctttcaaatatacaataattaatttgaccagttagatcattcttcactttgaacttgtgccttaagctgactgttttgaccaaacgaattgatggcccacccagttagcagttagcactatttattggaacttctgttataccatattatattattcaaggaaaaatgtagttgttcactgtcatgtatatatcttgatgttttgaacatcagatatatgttgtgaagtccttcggcttactattcccacttttttgcttgtacaggttgagaaaagagcaaaaatgaaatctgagatgaaggaaaagactatgagaatgtttctactttctcagaaacacattgtttatactgaaccacttgaaatacgtgctggaacaactgtggatgttctatataatccttctaatacggtgctgaatggaaagccagaggtttggtttaggtggtcctttaaccgatggatgcatccaagtggtgttttaccacccaagaagatggtgaaaacagaagatggttgtcacttaaaagcgacaggtttgagcttgacttgttacattgttccttttaatgctgatagatttatatgatacatgtactgatgtgcacttttatccattaatatatattattaagtgctactggaccattaattgatcaagcactgttgaagtatatgtctagcaatgttccaactttgatccataaatggtatctagtaccaattttgaaacctgaatcacaaggtgacataattatactattctgaagagctagctagtttagtgcctaaatgagctacgacaattctgtaactggagttttctaaatgttataactgcaaaaaatctagctggtttactgtagacataattcattataatatctagtatatcgcagtctaacccagaagagctcaaaatttcaaactactttggattattactcaactcttggtaaaaggtggcaatttggtgattaaactcaataatgtcctgtcaaaatttaccttttatgtttaacttattttggaactttggttggtatatcgttcagtttactcaatattacagtgtaatacattttttcccttccatattcattagtccctgttatgttccttctccagttagtgttccatcggatgcttatatgatggactttgttttctctgagtcggaagaaggtggaatctatgacaacaggaatgggacagactatcatattcctgtttctggttccaatgcaaaggagcctcccattcatattgtccatatagcggttgagatggcacccattgcaaaggtaagccatattaccatgtaaaattttctgtggctagcaacagtgctagacatcaacacttgccaagttatctgttatttctatgtgcataaagtaatgccatactctgtaatctccaattacaggttggaggccttgctgacgttgtcacaagtctttcacgtgcaattcaagagttaggccatcatgttgaggttattctcccgaaatataattttatgaatcaaagcaatgtaagttcaagtagcacaacagcctatgtttctcctattatataatatattatttatttattttcggtttctgtggtggttttgtcgctaagaaactcaaatcgaagagctctctattttaagagagtctattacgatactgtatatggatgtgctccgtgttgtccttcctttctcagttagttaggatttgtgttagatatgtggattgctgtcaaatattcgaaatgtaccttaatatatcatatacaattctagttctaaattttgtattatttgaaaaaaaataactttttcatgtcttgtccttgatgcacaagaactatggaggcaaagaggacttgtcaagtgtagcagagaactcaagaatatagaaaagtggattttatatcttgtatgaaccatgtttcatccgtttcaatgcaggtgaagaatttgcatgtacgtcaaagcttttctttgggtggtacagaaattaaagtgtggtttggactagttgaagacctgtctgtttacttcttggaacctcaaaatgggtatgttgcatctcattcttcacacaaacatagctattagtctattactcttgtttcacgaaaaccatcatccctaatccttatactagctaatgcacagttcactaagcctaagatgcagggtatgatatccttctaaaaaccaattgttggttcctgtcgagtacaagagctaacttagtactccctctgttttttaatagatgacgccgttgactttttctcacatgtttgaccattcgtcttattcaaaaattttatgcaaatgtatacgatataaatcacacttaaagaactatgagtgataaaacaactcataacaaaataaattataattccgtaaatattttgaataagacgaatggtcaaacatgtgagaaagtcaacggcgtcatctattaaaaaacggaggtagtaccagttattcaaaccttggccagtttaggcccttcttttgatccctccttccactgcagtatgcatattattattttttttcaagtatgtgatacaaatctgaaatctaaatataagaattaaaggtacaatcaccaaatgcaacccaccagaagtataatgatttcgattttttttttcatttttagtcttcaatatcattctctttctttgtttccatgttttgcctcagctggtagtctgagcagaatagttctgttctaagcttagattgcaaaattgtttttgagaatccatgtaatgtgttttgccgctccttagcatggatggtggtttaaatcttttcccttaatacgaagatatgcaaatctttttcttagtttgggtcgcaaaattgtttgtgatttttttgagaatgttatgcactgatcatgattctacttcagttattagaattggtatctttagtcctctaaccttgaccaaacaattgtgacctattcagctctttgactaggcataaggacctagccagggttaaagagtttgctggttcgagctcaaatcaggatatctgagaacaacctggccttgccctttctcagcctatattggcctttactgggaacacaaattgcttgggtagcattagtatttagctagtttatatttatttcgatttttgctctaccatatccatgaactgcaagttctctacacaacttcatggcgctgaattgacagaagaacatttgtaagatgcaccagggcttaggtgattacaccacactgtactataattcatacacatgctagtataattatttactcctgactggttcagttcctgtatgatgatttcagttatcgcaggaactgttttggagattgtttccttgtaggtggcttcacagaataatcaatttggcatgtcttgtggcaggatgtttgggggtggatgggtatatggagggaacgatgctggcagatttggcttgttctgtcagtctgctctagagttcctccttcagagtggatcttctccagtaagtatttctctaattgaaaacttccaagtccaaaatcagtgataaaagagaattttttacttttggtaataaatatattgttttttcctcttgatattttcttcacgttcttgttttccatgcttgcatttcattatgtcaaaacatgtttaagtcactgacttatttgctgcattagccttttctttcccagtcactttttcaccttacattcactttactcctcttttcaaaaagagtgacattttatcgtcctgacagcatataatacactgccatgattggtcaagtgcaccagttgcctggctatacaaggaacactatgcagaatccaggttggcaactgcccggattatatttaccatccataatcttgagtttggagcacattttattggaaaagcaatgacatactgcgacaaagccacaactgtgagtgcctgattgtcttgaagagttttatcatctagtttggtgcattttcatgttatatgaaaaataaaattattttcatatgttcaaacatcttcatgtctgtcttgccataccttgcaggtttctcacacgtattcaaaggaagtcgcaggtcatggtgccatagctcctcatcgtggaaaattctatggaattctcaatggaattgatccagatatctgggatccatatactgataacttcatcccggtatagtcatgatagtcgaatacatttttatacaactaccagtccatatgtatttgatcttggtaaactaaaacaaagtttgcttgggttgccaattatgcgcactcataagattatcactttaactaatacttttgtgatagttgtcctaatatgtaattattgaaagtgcaaatgcacactgatgccacagtattgccccaaacatttttcatgttttgcttatttcatcctatgtcagatgcattatacttctgaaaatgtggttgaaggcaagaatgctgcaaagagagcattgcagcagaggtttggactgcagcagactgatgtccccattgttggaatcatcactcgtctgacagcccagaagggtatccacctcattaaacatgcacttcatcggacacttgaacgcaatggacaggttaatcatttgatgacaatcttctagtgtctccctagaacttgcttttccctttcgcaattatttttgccgacctatctgaaacaagtgatgtgtttgctttttaggtggttttgcttggttcagctccagatcctcggatacagagtgatttctgcagattggctgatagtcttcatggtgaaaaccatggcagggttagactatgtttaacttatgacgagcctctctcacacctggtcagttccaatatcctacaccatcaaattggtctaaaaaaattgttgctggctaataatttcagtgattctgctacagatatatgctggctctgacttcatccttgttccatccatctttgaaccttgcggtttgactcaacttgttgccatgcgctatggatccatccctattgttcggaaaaccggaggtgagtgtacataataacatgtacatatatgagctttcttactgacctcaaggaccataaaaatgctttacatacatagatagcttactggtactcctatgattcattctctcctttctttgcacatcatgagctgaacgtgaatcctattttcttcacgcgcaggactttacgacactgttttcgacgtagaccatgacaaagaccgggctcgagttctaggccttgaaccaaatgggttcagctttgatggagctgactgtaatggtgtggattacgccctgaacaggcaagtacctccacacctcacaattgtgtgaatgcacaattgagctgaacataatcgtacagaaccccgagccaaattcatcatgtgacatccgtgtggtttgtgtgcttggtggtctattgtttatgtgtcttccatgtaatcgcaaacaaaaaaagaagaagaattatcttccctaattcaatcatatattatcttattcatgcaatgtttgctacccttttgcagagcaatctcttcttggtttgaagcccgcggttggttccactccctctgcaaaagggtcatggagcaagactggtcctggaaccggcctgccctggactacattgaactgtaccattcagctcacaaattttgaggcccccatccaacggtggcaagagaaagcaagcattggcagatactacaaattaaatgaaacatggctcaaagttaaaatattttatctgagctgcagatacaaattaactcaaacatggttcaaagttaagatcttttatctgagctacacatatatatgcagaataaagactctttacagcatgcataaacaattgtgggagtatgtatcagctatgtttcctattctcagttttaattatgaatacttgatttagtaccagaaccgtgtacatatgtttgcaaaattgcaagtaaaatgaaggtgtagaactataatgttgttctatggtttcttttgcgctacatctggactatggctatggcgtggctgtgtatgccttgcaagagaaatattcccaatgacaatatatggctgctcaattggcttccaggtc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T08:02:28Z

李艳玲: /* Mutation */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:BC12_1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 1.''' '' '''BC12''' Mutant VS. WT(from reference) <ref name="ref2" />.'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* Figure 1 shows the reduction of SSIIIa activity affects the distinct granular structure of starch in the endosperm. In the wild type, the
endospermstarch granules formed similarly sized polygonal granules with sharp edges. Several starch granules were tightly packed into the myloplasts, which were very abundant in the endosperm cells. In contrast, the amyloplasts of SSIIIa mutants were round shaped and relatively loosely packed into endosperm cell<ref name="ref4" />. 

[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 1.''' ''SEM observations of a cross section of rice
seeds were conducted<ref name="ref4" />'']]

===Expression===
* '''Expression pattern of ''BC12'' ''' Quantitative PCR revealed that '''''BC12''''' is universally expressed in all organs examined, with higher expression in panicles and culms<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" />. The RT-PCR analyses also shows greater expression of '''''BC12''''' in the tissues enriched in dividing cells than in those enriched in non-dividing cells<ref name="ref1" />. 
* '''Expression Analysis in Mutant''' Affymetrix whole-genomemicroarray chip analyses by ''Juan Li et al.'' shows that 116 downregulated and 125 upregulated genes in the mutant compared with the wild type (more than four fold expression change; Figure 2). Of note, the genes involved in cell wall expansion were significantly altered in expression in the mutant. Those encoding xylanase inhibitor protein and cellulose synthase (CESA6) were greatly upregulated. By contrast, the gene for lignin forming anionic peroxidase was downregulated. That imply '''''BC12''''' might be involved in the regulation of genes associated with cell wall assembly.Of note, the expression of the rice KO gene KO2, a key enzyme in early GA synthesis, was greatly decreased in mutation compared with the wild type<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:BC12_5.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 3.''' ''Phylogenetic tree of '''BC12''' and representative homologs from Arabidopsis and animals.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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agttccaatatcctacaccatcaaattggtctaaaaaaattgttgctggctaataatttcagtgattctgctacagatatatgctggctctgacttcatccttgttccatccatctttgaaccttgcggtttgactcaacttgttgccatgcgctatggatccatccctattgttcggaaaaccggaggtgagtgtacataataacatgtacatatatgagctttcttactgacctcaaggaccataaaaatgctttacatacatagatagcttactggtactcctatgattcattctctcctttctttgcacatcatgagctgaacgtgaatcctattttcttcacgcgcaggactttacgacactgttttcgacgtagaccatgacaaagaccgggctcgagttctaggccttgaaccaaatgggttcagctttgatggagctgactgtaatggtgtggattacgccctgaacaggcaagtacctccacacctcacaattgtgtgaatgcacaattgagctgaacataatcgtacagaaccccgagccaaattcatcatgtgacatccgtgtggtttgtgtgcttggtggtctattgtttatgtgtcttccatgtaatcgcaaacaaaaaaagaagaagaattatcttccctaattcaatcatatattatcttattcatgcaatgtttgctacccttttgcagagcaatctcttcttggtttgaagcccgcggttggttccactccctctgcaaaagggtcatggagcaagactggtcctggaaccggcctgccctggactacattgaactgtaccattcagctcacaaattttgaggcccccatccaacggtggcaagagaaagcaagcattggcagatactacaaattaaatgaaacatggctcaaagttaaaatattttatctgagctgcagatacaaattaactcaaacatggttcaaagttaagatcttttatctgagctacacatatatatgcagaataaagactctttacagcatgcataaacaattgtgggagtatgtatcagctatgtttcctattctcagttttaattatgaatacttgatttagtaccagaaccgtgtacatatgtttgcaaaattgcaagtaaaatgaaggtgtagaactataatgttgttctatggtttcttttgcgctacatctggactatggctatggcgtggctgtgtatgccttgcaagagaaatattcccaatgacaatatatggctgctcaattggcttccaggtc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T07:56:36Z

李艳玲: /* Mutation */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:BC12_1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 1.''' '' '''BC12''' Mutant VS. WT(from reference) <ref name="ref2" />.'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* Figure 1 shows the gross morphology of the wild type and mutant plants. The mutant was shorter than the wild type at the three-leaf and heading stages (Figures 1A and 1B). Also, mutant spikes and grains were slightly shorter than those of the wild type (Figure 1C). Nearly every internode of the mutant was shorter than that in the wild type<ref name="ref2" />. 
*The breaking force of '''''bc12''''' mutation culms and leaves was reduced to approximately 25% of that in the wild-type. The cellulose content was not significantly altered, but the lignin content was increased by approximately 50% in mutation. The higher lignin content resulted from a general increase in all three monomers.<ref name="ref1" />.
[[File:图A.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 2.''' ''Classification of the genes up- or downregulated fourfold or more in Mutation by whole-genome DNA microarray analysis<ref name="ref2" />'']]

===Expression===
* '''Expression pattern of ''BC12'' ''' Quantitative PCR revealed that '''''BC12''''' is universally expressed in all organs examined, with higher expression in panicles and culms<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" />. The RT-PCR analyses also shows greater expression of '''''BC12''''' in the tissues enriched in dividing cells than in those enriched in non-dividing cells<ref name="ref1" />. 
* '''Expression Analysis in Mutant''' Affymetrix whole-genomemicroarray chip analyses by ''Juan Li et al.'' shows that 116 downregulated and 125 upregulated genes in the mutant compared with the wild type (more than four fold expression change; Figure 2). Of note, the genes involved in cell wall expansion were significantly altered in expression in the mutant. Those encoding xylanase inhibitor protein and cellulose synthase (CESA6) were greatly upregulated. By contrast, the gene for lignin forming anionic peroxidase was downregulated. That imply '''''BC12''''' might be involved in the regulation of genes associated with cell wall assembly.Of note, the expression of the rice KO gene KO2, a key enzyme in early GA synthesis, was greatly decreased in mutation compared with the wild type<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:BC12_5.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 3.''' ''Phylogenetic tree of '''BC12''' and representative homologs from Arabidopsis and animals.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

File:图A.jpg

2014-06-09T07:52:13Z

李艳玲:

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T07:14:13Z

李艳玲: /* Structured Information */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:BC12_1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 1.''' '' '''BC12''' Mutant VS. WT(from reference) <ref name="ref2" />.'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* Figure 1 shows the gross morphology of the wild type and mutant plants. The mutant was shorter than the wild type at the three-leaf and heading stages (Figures 1A and 1B). Also, mutant spikes and grains were slightly shorter than those of the wild type (Figure 1C). Nearly every internode of the mutant was shorter than that in the wild type<ref name="ref2" />. 
*The breaking force of '''''bc12''''' mutation culms and leaves was reduced to approximately 25% of that in the wild-type. The cellulose content was not significantly altered, but the lignin content was increased by approximately 50% in mutation. The higher lignin content resulted from a general increase in all three monomers.<ref name="ref1" />.
[[File:BC12_4.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 2.''' ''Classification of the genes up- or downregulated fourfold or more in Mutation by whole-genome DNA microarray analysis<ref name="ref2" />'']]

===Expression===
* '''Expression pattern of ''BC12'' ''' Quantitative PCR revealed that '''''BC12''''' is universally expressed in all organs examined, with higher expression in panicles and culms<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" />. The RT-PCR analyses also shows greater expression of '''''BC12''''' in the tissues enriched in dividing cells than in those enriched in non-dividing cells<ref name="ref1" />. 
* '''Expression Analysis in Mutant''' Affymetrix whole-genomemicroarray chip analyses by ''Juan Li et al.'' shows that 116 downregulated and 125 upregulated genes in the mutant compared with the wild type (more than four fold expression change; Figure 2). Of note, the genes involved in cell wall expansion were significantly altered in expression in the mutant. Those encoding xylanase inhibitor protein and cellulose synthase (CESA6) were greatly upregulated. By contrast, the gene for lignin forming anionic peroxidase was downregulated. That imply '''''BC12''''' might be involved in the regulation of genes associated with cell wall assembly.Of note, the expression of the rice KO gene KO2, a key enzyme in early GA synthesis, was greatly decreased in mutation compared with the wild type<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:BC12_5.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 3.''' ''Phylogenetic tree of '''BC12''' and representative homologs from Arabidopsis and animals.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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agttccaatatcctacaccatcaaattggtctaaaaaaattgttgctggctaataatttcagtgattctgctacagatatatgctggctctgacttcatccttgttccatccatctttgaaccttgcggtttgactcaacttgttgccatgcgctatggatccatccctattgttcggaaaaccggaggtgagtgtacataataacatgtacatatatgagctttcttactgacctcaaggaccataaaaatgctttacatacatagatagcttactggtactcctatgattcattctctcctttctttgcacatcatgagctgaacgtgaatcctattttcttcacgcgcaggactttacgacactgttttcgacgtagaccatgacaaagaccgggctcgagttctaggccttgaaccaaatgggttcagctttgatggagctgactgtaatggtgtggattacgccctgaacaggcaagtacctccacacctcacaattgtgtgaatgcacaattgagctgaacataatcgtacagaaccccgagccaaattcatcatgtgacatccgtgtggtttgtgtgcttggtggtctattgtttatgtgtcttccatgtaatcgcaaacaaaaaaagaagaagaattatcttccctaattcaatcatatattatcttattcatgcaatgtttgctacccttttgcagagcaatctcttcttggtttgaagcccgcggttggttccactccctctgcaaaagggtcatggagcaagactggtcctggaaccggcctgccctggactacattgaactgtaccattcagctcacaaattttgaggcccccatccaacggtggcaagagaaagcaagcattggcagatactacaaattaaatgaaacatggctcaaagttaaaatattttatctgagctgcagatacaaattaactcaaacatggttcaaagttaagatcttttatctgagctacacatatatatgcagaataaagactctttacagcatgcataaacaattgtgggagtatgtatcagctatgtttcctattctcagttttaattatgaatacttgatttagtaccagaaccgtgtacatatgtttgcaaaattgcaagtaaaatgaaggtgtagaactataatgttgttctatggtttcttttgcgctacatctggactatggctatggcgtggctgtgtatgccttgcaagagaaatattcccaatgacaatatatggctgctcaattggcttccaggtc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T07:10:40Z

李艳玲: /* Structured Information */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:BC12_1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 1.''' '' '''BC12''' Mutant VS. WT(from reference) <ref name="ref2" />.'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* Figure 1 shows the gross morphology of the wild type and mutant plants. The mutant was shorter than the wild type at the three-leaf and heading stages (Figures 1A and 1B). Also, mutant spikes and grains were slightly shorter than those of the wild type (Figure 1C). Nearly every internode of the mutant was shorter than that in the wild type<ref name="ref2" />. 
*The breaking force of '''''bc12''''' mutation culms and leaves was reduced to approximately 25% of that in the wild-type. The cellulose content was not significantly altered, but the lignin content was increased by approximately 50% in mutation. The higher lignin content resulted from a general increase in all three monomers.<ref name="ref1" />.
[[File:BC12_4.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 2.''' ''Classification of the genes up- or downregulated fourfold or more in Mutation by whole-genome DNA microarray analysis<ref name="ref2" />'']]

===Expression===
* '''Expression pattern of ''BC12'' ''' Quantitative PCR revealed that '''''BC12''''' is universally expressed in all organs examined, with higher expression in panicles and culms<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" />. The RT-PCR analyses also shows greater expression of '''''BC12''''' in the tissues enriched in dividing cells than in those enriched in non-dividing cells<ref name="ref1" />. 
* '''Expression Analysis in Mutant''' Affymetrix whole-genomemicroarray chip analyses by ''Juan Li et al.'' shows that 116 downregulated and 125 upregulated genes in the mutant compared with the wild type (more than four fold expression change; Figure 2). Of note, the genes involved in cell wall expansion were significantly altered in expression in the mutant. Those encoding xylanase inhibitor protein and cellulose synthase (CESA6) were greatly upregulated. By contrast, the gene for lignin forming anionic peroxidase was downregulated. That imply '''''BC12''''' might be involved in the regulation of genes associated with cell wall assembly.Of note, the expression of the rice KO gene KO2, a key enzyme in early GA synthesis, was greatly decreased in mutation compared with the wild type<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:BC12_5.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 3.''' ''Phylogenetic tree of '''BC12''' and representative homologs from Arabidopsis and animals.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1..1553
/coded_by="join(AY100469.1:145..2839,
AY100469.1:3023..3237,AY100469.1:3771..4041,
AY100469.1:4633..4808,AY100469.1:4934..5041,
AY100469.1:5469..5578,AY100469.1:6943..7045,
AY100469.1:7310..7480,AY100469.1:7604..7732,
AY100469.1:7974..8156,AY100469.1:8264..8395,
AY100469.1:8475..8586,AY100469.1:8755..8878,
AY100469.1:9107..9239)"
/note="similar to maize dull1 gene"
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome09
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=5352105..5363367
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T06:31:09Z

李艳玲: /* Structured Information */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:BC12_1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 1.''' '' '''BC12''' Mutant VS. WT(from reference) <ref name="ref2" />.'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* Figure 1 shows the gross morphology of the wild type and mutant plants. The mutant was shorter than the wild type at the three-leaf and heading stages (Figures 1A and 1B). Also, mutant spikes and grains were slightly shorter than those of the wild type (Figure 1C). Nearly every internode of the mutant was shorter than that in the wild type<ref name="ref2" />. 
*The breaking force of '''''bc12''''' mutation culms and leaves was reduced to approximately 25% of that in the wild-type. The cellulose content was not significantly altered, but the lignin content was increased by approximately 50% in mutation. The higher lignin content resulted from a general increase in all three monomers.<ref name="ref1" />.
[[File:BC12_4.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 2.''' ''Classification of the genes up- or downregulated fourfold or more in Mutation by whole-genome DNA microarray analysis<ref name="ref2" />'']]

===Expression===
* '''Expression pattern of ''BC12'' ''' Quantitative PCR revealed that '''''BC12''''' is universally expressed in all organs examined, with higher expression in panicles and culms<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" />. The RT-PCR analyses also shows greater expression of '''''BC12''''' in the tissues enriched in dividing cells than in those enriched in non-dividing cells<ref name="ref1" />. 
* '''Expression Analysis in Mutant''' Affymetrix whole-genomemicroarray chip analyses by ''Juan Li et al.'' shows that 116 downregulated and 125 upregulated genes in the mutant compared with the wild type (more than four fold expression change; Figure 2). Of note, the genes involved in cell wall expansion were significantly altered in expression in the mutant. Those encoding xylanase inhibitor protein and cellulose synthase (CESA6) were greatly upregulated. By contrast, the gene for lignin forming anionic peroxidase was downregulated. That imply '''''BC12''''' might be involved in the regulation of genes associated with cell wall assembly.Of note, the expression of the rice KO gene KO2, a key enzyme in early GA synthesis, was greatly decreased in mutation compared with the wild type<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:BC12_5.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 3.''' ''Phylogenetic tree of '''BC12''' and representative homologs from Arabidopsis and animals.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 10824 bp
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1105331..1105453,1106559..1106705,1107046..1107195,1107272..1107531,1107897..1108084 ,1108187..1108311,1108485..1108521,1108802..1108893,1109023..1109133 ,1109242..1109352,1109576..1109669,1109830..1109945,1110316..1110411 ,1110510..1110617,1110698..1110814,1110910..1110990,1111205..1111276 ,1111553..1111646,1111759..1111787,1111870..1111967,1112065..1112160 ,1112399..1112620,1113002..1113158,1113472..1113627,1113703..1113930 |
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008402:1104794..1114324
source=RiceChromosome09
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008402:1104794..1114324
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search RefSeq:Os08g0191433]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Indica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza sativa Indica Group]]
[[Category:Indica Genes]]
[[Category:Indica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

Os08g0191433

2014-06-09T06:16:20Z

李艳玲: /* Annotated Information */

==Annotated Information==
[[File:BC12_1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 1.''' '' '''BC12''' Mutant VS. WT(from reference) <ref name="ref2" />.'']]
===Function===
'''''OsSSIIIa''''' plays an important role in starch granule structures, amylose ratios and metabolite changes of starch grains in the monocot plant rice<ref name="ref4" />. This gene OsIIIa is are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice (Oryza sativaL.) endosperm.If ''OsSSIIIa'' gene encoding deletion or mutation , this will lead to changes in the grain starch -related traits.<ref name="ref1" />. It is also likely to be a good subject for exploring the link between cell growth and cell wall formation in rice<ref name="ref1" />. 

===Mutation===
* Figure 1 shows the gross morphology of the wild type and mutant plants. The mutant was shorter than the wild type at the three-leaf and heading stages (Figures 1A and 1B). Also, mutant spikes and grains were slightly shorter than those of the wild type (Figure 1C). Nearly every internode of the mutant was shorter than that in the wild type<ref name="ref2" />. 
*The breaking force of '''''bc12''''' mutation culms and leaves was reduced to approximately 25% of that in the wild-type. The cellulose content was not significantly altered, but the lignin content was increased by approximately 50% in mutation. The higher lignin content resulted from a general increase in all three monomers.<ref name="ref1" />.
[[File:BC12_4.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 2.''' ''Classification of the genes up- or downregulated fourfold or more in Mutation by whole-genome DNA microarray analysis<ref name="ref2" />'']]

===Expression===
* '''Expression pattern of ''BC12'' ''' Quantitative PCR revealed that '''''BC12''''' is universally expressed in all organs examined, with higher expression in panicles and culms<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" />. The RT-PCR analyses also shows greater expression of '''''BC12''''' in the tissues enriched in dividing cells than in those enriched in non-dividing cells<ref name="ref1" />. 
* '''Expression Analysis in Mutant''' Affymetrix whole-genomemicroarray chip analyses by ''Juan Li et al.'' shows that 116 downregulated and 125 upregulated genes in the mutant compared with the wild type (more than four fold expression change; Figure 2). Of note, the genes involved in cell wall expansion were significantly altered in expression in the mutant. Those encoding xylanase inhibitor protein and cellulose synthase (CESA6) were greatly upregulated. By contrast, the gene for lignin forming anionic peroxidase was downregulated. That imply '''''BC12''''' might be involved in the regulation of genes associated with cell wall assembly.Of note, the expression of the rice KO gene KO2, a key enzyme in early GA synthesis, was greatly decreased in mutation compared with the wild type<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:BC12_5.jpg|right|thumb|320px|'''Figure 3.''' ''Phylogenetic tree of '''BC12''' and representative homologs from Arabidopsis and animals.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]

===Localization===
The production of '''''OsSSIIIa''''' was located at both the nucleus and cytoplasm and associated with microtubule arrays during cell division<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" />. An NLS with 17 amino acid sequence was found in this gene<ref name="ref1" />.
===Evolution===
Phylogenetic analysis by ''Mu Zhang et al.'' revealed that '''''BC12''''' and motor proteins selected from various kinesin subfamilies are divided into separated clades(Figure 3). Kinesin-4 proteins from several representative species were clustered together but formed different subclades. Among the kinesin-4 proteins, those from rice and Arabidopsis were found to belong to a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support. '''''BC12''''' showed the closest homology to FRA1, which has been reported to be involved in cellulose microfibril deposition<ref name="ref1" />.
 

===Knowledge Extension===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberellins Gibberellins (GAs)] are one of the most important endogenous growth regulators in plants<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" />. They are not only required for stem elongation but indeed participate in most stages of plant development<ref name="ref3" />. GAs mediate between certain environmental signals (e.g. light quality and photoperiod) and the inducedphysiological responses <ref name="ref3" />(e.g. stem extension and flowering). GA-deficient mutants are usually much shorter than the wild type, which indicates the corresponding genes such as '''''sd1''''' ('''''[[Os01g0883800]]''''')<ref name="ref6" /> in rice may have a relationship with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Revolution The Green revolution].

* The biosynthesis of GA in higher plants can be divided into three stages: (1) biosynthesis of ''ent''-kaurene in proplastids;(2) conversion of ''ent''-kaurene to GA12 via microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases;(3) formation of C20- and C19-GAs in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref2" />. GA biosynthesis is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes: terpene cyclases catalyze the synthesis of ''ent''-kaurene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases catalyze the steps of the pathway from ''ent''-kaurene to GA12; and soluble dioxygenases catalyze the final steps of the pathway<ref name="ref5" />.

==Structured Information==
{{IndicaGene|
GeneName = Os08g0191433|
Description = |
Version = AAM49811.1 GI:21429218 GeneID:|
Length = 1553 aa|
Definition =putative soluble starch synthase III-2 [Oryza sativa Indica Group]|
Source = Oryza sativa Indica Group (long-grained rice)

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Indica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Indica Chromosome 8|Chromosome 8]]|
AP = Chromosome 8:5352105..5363367|
CDS = 1105331..1105453,1106559..1106705,1107046..1107195,1107272..1107531,1107897..1108084 ,1108187..1108311,1108485..1108521,1108802..1108893,1109023..1109133 ,1109242..1109352,1109576..1109669,1109830..1109945,1110316..1110411 ,1110510..1110617,1110698..1110814,1110910..1110990,1111205..1111276 ,1111553..1111646,1111759..1111787,1111870..1111967,1112065..1112160 ,1112399..1112620,1113002..1113158,1113472..1113627,1113703..1113930 |
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008402:1104794..1114324
source=RiceChromosome09
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008402:1104794..1114324
source=RiceChromosome08
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>ATGGAGATGGCTCTCCGGCCTCAAAGCCTTCTATGCCCTCGGAGCAGGCTGAAGGTCGTCATCCGGCCAGCTAGCAGTGCCAGCGGTGGTGGCCTCGCGCAGTATTTCTTAATGACCAGGAGATATACTGGAAGCAGAATTGTTCGATGCATGGTTTCAAGTTCAGACTGTCCTAATAGGAAAGCAAAGAGGACGATTTCCCTTCATACGGAAGTCGCTTCTTCTAGGGGATATGCTCCGAGAATTGCTGCTGAATCAAGTATTCAGGAGCGAGAACATATTAATAGTGATGAAGAAACATTTGATACGTACAACAGATTACTACGTAATGAGTCAACAGAGTGGAAAAAGTTAGATACTACTGAAGTGGATTTGTCACAAGATGTTTCAAGCAGTTCAATGAGGAAAGTGGATGCGACGGATGAAGCTAAGCTAGATATACTTGAGGATGATTTGCCCAGAAATTTGTTGAACGGTGTAACAATGGGGGAAGTAGATATGTTGGATGAAGCTGGGGCAGAAGATGATGTATTTGAGGTGGACTTGTCAGCCTTGCATAATTCCACAGTGGGGAAAATGGATGCGGTAAATGAAGTTGGGACTGAAAATGACTTATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCAGCATTGCATAGTGCTGCAGTGGGGAAGGTGGATGTAGTAGATGGAGCTAAAGCTAAAGAAGATTTGTTTGAGATGGATTCATTAGCATTGCACAGTGTTACAATGGGGAAGGTGGATGCAATAAATGCAGCTGGAGCTGAAGGAGACAAATTTGAGGTGGATCTGTCTGCGCTCGCGTCGAACAATTCAATGATAGAGGCAGTTAATGTGATGGATGAAGCTAAGGCTATAGAAGACACACTCGAGGTGGATTTGTCAGGAAATGCTACAAGCAGTTCAACATATGGGGAAGTTAAATTTGAGGTGGATTCATTAGGAAATACTTCAAGCACTGTAATGTATGGGCCAGCGGATGGAGCGTATGAACCTCGGTCCGATGAAGTCACTTTTAAGGTGGATTCATCAGAAAATGCGTCAAACAATGTAATGTATGGGAGAGCAGATGTGGTGGATGAATCTTGGGCTGATGAAGGCATATTTGAGGTGGATTTTTTTACAAATGCTTCAAGCGGCGCAGAATATGGAAAAGTGGATGTGGTGGATGAAGCTAAAACTGATGATTTCACATTTGAGATTGATTCATTAGAAAAAGATTCAAACAATAAAATGCATGGGAAAGCTCATATGGTGGATGAAGCTTGGGACGATGAAGCCATATTTGAGGTTGATTTGTTTGGAAATGCTTCAAGCATTCCGATATATGGGGAGGTGAATGTGTTGGATGAAGCTCGGGCTGATGATGGAAAATTTGAGGTTGACTTATTAGGGAATACTTCTAGCAATTCAACACATGAGGAAGTGGATGTGGTAGATGAAGCTCAAACAGGTGAAGCCACATTTGAGGTGGATTTGCTTGGAAATGCTTTAAGCAGTGCAATATATAAAGAAGTGCCTGTCATGGGTGGAGCTCAGGATGATGAAGTTGATGTAGATTTCTCAATAAATGCTTCAATCACCGAAACAGAAAAGGAAGCAGATGCAGTTGATGAAGCTAGAGTTGAAGATGAGACATTTGATATGGATTTAGTAGGTAAACAGATATCAATCGATTCTATGAATGATGATGTAGTTGAAGAAGGGACTAAACATCACAGATATCCAATGTTGTCTTCAGCATTCATAGAAGTCAAGACCATTCATGAAACACCTGTAAGTTTAAAGCCTGAACTTATGTCAGTTGTCATGGATCAGGAACAAGACAAACCAATTTCCAGCGTTTATCAACAAGAAGGATCAATTTTTAATTTGCATGCAGAAAACCAATCAACGGTAGATTTTCATGAACGGGAGCAAATGGCTATTACTTTTGATAAACAAAAGGAATCAGTTGCTAAACTCTCTAAAGAAGACCAACAGACTGCTGGTTTACCTGAGCAAAACATGTCCTTTGATGGTGTCCATAGGAAAAGCCAGTCAATTATTGGGCTCCCATTTCAACACCAATCAATTGTTAGTTCCCCTGAAAAATACCGATCAATTGTGGGTTTTCATGGACAAAATCAATCAATCATCAGCTCTCATAAACAAGACAAATCAATTGTTGGTGTTCCTAAAAAAATTCAATCCATTGTTGGTTCCACTAAGCATGATGATTCAATTGTTGGTTTCCGCAAACAAGACAGATCAATTGTTAGTGTGCCTGAGCAAAAACAATCAATAGTTGGTTTTCATAAACAAGATCTATCAATTGTTGCTGTCAGCGAACAAAATCTATCAATTGTTGCTATACCTAGAGAGAGTCAATCAAAGCAAATTTCTATTGTTCGGAGACATGATCCACTACATTTGAAGGAAGTGGAAACAAAGGATAGAGATGGCATATCTAAAAAATCTGGTGGTGACGATGATTTGCCACATATGCTCTTCGAAGAAGAGCTTTCACAGGTTGAAGATGTAGCAAGGGCAATCGCCTATAAAAAGCAGCATGAAGTTGATGTAATCTCTTTGACTCCAGATATCCAGGAGTCACCACAGGACAATATCGACCCACAAGAACTCCGAAGGATGCTCCAAGAACTTGCTGACCAGAATTGTTCAATGGGTAACAAGCTTTTCGTTTTTCCAGAGGCAGTGAAGGCTAATTCGACAATTGATGTATATTTGAATCGTAACCTATCGGCTTTGGCGAATGAGCCTGATGTCCACATCAAAGGAGCATTCAATAGTTGGAGATGGAGGCCTTTCACCGAAAGACTGCACAAGAGTGAATTGAGTGGGGATTGGTGGTCTTGCAAACTGCACATACCCAAGGAAGCTTATAGATTAGACTTTGTGTTCTTCAATGGTCGTTTAGTCTATGATAACAATGATAGTAATGATTTTGTGCTGCAAGTAGAAAGTACAATGGATGAAGATTCCTTTGAGGAGTTCTTGGTTGAAGAAAAGAAAAGAGAACTTGAGAGAGTTGCCACTGAAGAAGCTGAAAGGAGGAGGCATGCTGAAGAGCAGCAGCGAATGGGAGAACAAAGGGCTGCAGAACAAGCTGCCAGGGAACAGGCTAAGAAGGAGATAGAGTTGAAGAAGAACAAATTGCAAAATCTGTTGAGTTCAGCCAGAACACATGTTGATAATTTGTGGCACATAGAGCCTAGCACATATAGACAAGGGGACACTGTCAGATTGTACTATAACAGAAACTCAAGGCCGCTTATGCATAGTACTGAGATCTGGATGCATGGTGGTTGCAATAGTTGGACTGATGGACTCTCTATTGTTGAAAGACTTGTCGAATGTGATGACGAAAATGGTGATTGGTGGTATGCTAATGTTCATATACCTGAAAAGGCCTTTGTATTGGACTGGGTTTTTGCTGACGGGCCACCTGGAAATGCAAGGAATTATGACAACAATGGTCGACAAGATTTTCATGCTATTCTTCCAAATGCCATGACTAACGAAGAATATTGGGTTGAAGAGGAAAACTGTATCTATACAAGGCTTCTCCACGAGATCAGAGAACGGGAGGAAGCTATTAAAATAAAGGTTGAGAAAAGAGCAAAAATGAAATCTGAGATGAAGGAAAAGACTATGAGAATGTTTCTACTTTCTCAGAAACACATTGTTTATACTGAACCACTTGAAATACGTGCTGGAACAACTGTGGATGTTCTATATAATCCTTCTAATACGGTGCTGAATGGAAAGCCAGAGGTTTGGTTTAGGTGGTCCTTTAACCGATGGATGCATCCAAGTGGTGTTTTACCACCCAAGAAGATGGTGAAAACAGAAGATGGTTGTCACTTAAAAGCGACAGTTAGTGTTCCATCGGATGCTTATATGATGGACTTTGTTTTCTCTGAGTCGGAAGAAGGTGGAATCTATGACAACAGGAATGGGACAGACTATCATATTCCTGTTTCTGGTTCCAATGCAAAGGAGCCTCCCATTCATATTGTCCATATAGCGGTTGAGATGGCACCCATTGCAAAGGTTGGAGGCCTTGCTGACGTTGTCACAAGTCTTTCACGTGCAATTCAAGAGTTAGGCCATCATGTTGAGGTTATTCTCCCGAAATATAATTTTATGAATCAAAGCAATGTGAAGAATTTGCATGTACGTCAAAGCTTTTCTTTGGGTGGTACAGAAATTAAAGTGTGGTTTGGACTAGTTGAAGACCTGTCTGTTTACTTCTTGGAACCTCAAAATGGGATGTTTGGGGGTGGATGGGTATATGGAGGGAACGATGCTGGCAGATTTGGCTTGTTCTGTCAGTCTGCTCTAGAGTTCCTCCTTCAGAGTGGATCTTCTCCACATATAATACACTGCCATGATTGGTCAAGTGCACCAGTTGCCTGGCTATACAAGGAACACTATGCAGAATCCAGGTTGGCAACTGCCCGGATTATATTTACCATCCATAATCTTGAGTTTGGAGCACATTTTATTGGAAAAGCAATGACATACTGCGACAAAGCCACAACTGTTTCTCACACGTATTCAAAGGAAGTCGCAGGTCATGGTGCCATAGCTCCTCATCGTGGAAAATTCTATGGAATTCTCAATGGAATTGATCCAGATATCTGGGATCCATATACTGATAACTTCATCCCGATGCATTATACTTCTGAAAATGTGGTTGAAGGCAAGAATGCTGCAAAGAGAGCATTGCAGCAGAGGTTTGGACTGCAGCAGACTGATGTCCCCATTGTTGGAATCATCACTCGTCTGACAGCCCAGAAGGGTATCCACCTCATTAAACATGCACTTCATCGGACACTTGAACGCAATGGACAGGTGGTTTTGCTTGGTTCAGCTCCAGATCCTCGGATACAGAGTGATTTCTGCAGATTGGCTGATAGTCTTCATGGTGAAAACCATGGCAGGATATATGCTGGCTCTGACTTCATCCTTGTTCCATCCATCTTTGAACCTTGCGGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTGCCATGCGCTATGGATCCATCCCTATTGTTCGGAAAACCGGAGGACTTTACGACACTGTTTTCGACGTAGACCATGACAAAGACCGGGCTCGAGTTCTAGGCCTTGAACCAAATGGGTTCAGCTTTGATGGAGCTGACTGTAATGGTGTGGATTACGCCCTGAACAGGCAACAATCTCTTCTTGGTTTGAAGCCCGCGGTTGGTTCCACTCCCTCTGCAAAAGGGTCATGGAGCAAGACTGGTCCTGGAACCGGCCTGCCCTGGACTACATTGAACTGTACCATTCAGCTCACAAATTTTGAGGCCCCCATCCAACGGTGGCAAGAGAAAGCAAGCATTGGCAGATACTACAAATTAAATGAAACATGGCTCAAAGTTAAAATATTTTATCTGAGCTGCAGATACAAATTAACTCAAACATGGTTCAAAGTTAAGATCTTTTATCTGAGCTACACATATATATGCAGAATAAAGACTCTTTACAGCATGCATAAACAATTGTGGGAGTATGTATCAGCTATGTTTCCTATTCTCAGTTTTAATTATGAATACTTGATTTAG</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MEMALRPQSLLCPRSRLKVVIRPASSASGGGLAQYFLMTRRYTGSRIVRCMVSSSDCPNRKAKRTISLHTEVASSRGYAPRIAAESSIQEREHINSDEETFDTYNRLLRNESTEWKKLDTTEVDLSQDVSSSSMRKVDATDEAKLDILEDDLPRNLLNGVTMGEVDMLDEAGAEDDVFEVDLSALHNSTVGKMDAVNEVGTENDLFEVDLSALHSAAVGKVDVVDGAKAKEDLFEMDSLALHSVTMGKVDAINAAGAEGDKFEVDLSALASNNSMIEAVNVMDEAKAIEDTLEVDLSGNATSSSTYGEVKFEVDSLGNTSSTVMYGPADGAYEPRSDEVTFKVDSSENASNNVMYGRADVVDESWADEGIFEVDFFTNASSGAEYGKVDVVDEAKTDDFTFEIDSLEKDSNNKMHGKAHMVDEAWDDEAIFEVDLFGNASSIPIYGEVNVLDEARADDGKFEVDLLGNTSSNSTHEEVDVVDEAQTGEATFEVDLLGNALSSAIYKEVPVMGGAQDDEVDVDFSINASITETEKEADAVDEARVEDETFDMDLVGKQISIDSMNDDVVEEGTKHHRYPMLSSAFIEVKTIHETPVSLKPELMSVVMDQEQDKPISSVYQQEGSIFNLHAENQSTVDFHEREQMAITFDKQKESVAKLSKEDQQTAGLPEQNMSFDGVHRKSQSIIGLPFQHQSIVSSPEKYRSIVGFHGQNQSIISSHKQDKSIVGVPKKIQSIVGSTKHDDSIVGFRKQDRSIVSVPEQKQSIVGFHKQDLSIVAVSEQNLSIVAIPRESQSKQISIVRRHDPLHLKEVETKDRDGISKKSGGDDDLPHMLFEEELSQVEDVARAIAYKKQHEVDVISLTPDIQESPQDNIDPQELRRMLQELADQNCSMGNKLFVFPEAVKANSTIDVYLNRNLSALANEPDVHIKGAFNSWRWRPFTERLHKSELSGDWWSCKLHIPKEAYRLDFVFFNGRLVYDNNDSNDFVLQVESTMDEDSFEEFLVEEKKRELERVATEEAERRRHAEEQQRMGEQRAAEQAAREQAKKEIELKKNKLQNLLSSARTHVDNLWHIEPSTYRQGDTVRLYYNRNSRPLMHSTEIWMHGGCNSWTDGLSIVERLVECDDENGDWWYANVHIPEKAFVLDWVFADGPPGNARNYDNNGRQDFHAILPNAMTNEEYWVEEENCIYTRLLHEIREREEAIKIKVEKRAKMKSEMKEKTMRMFLLSQKHIVYTEPLEIRAGTTVDVLYNPSNTVLNGKPEVWFRWSFNRWMHPSGVLPPKKMVKTEDGCHLKATVSVPSDAYMMDFVFSESEEGGIYDNRNGTDYHIPVSGSNAKEPPIHIVHIAVEMAPIAKVGGLADVVTSLSRAIQELGHHVEVILPKYNFMNQSNVKNLHVRQSFSLGGTEIKVWFGLVEDLSVYFLEPQNGMFGGGWVYGGNDAGRFGLFCQSALEFLLQSGSSPHIIHCHDWSSAPVAWLYKEHYAESRLATARIIFTIHNLEFGAHFIGKAMTYCDKATTVSHTYSKEVAGHGAIAPHRGKFYGILNGIDPDIWDPYTDNFIPMHYTSENVVEGKNAAKRALQQRFGLQQTDVPIVGIITRLTAQKGIHLIKHALHRTLERNGQVVLLGSAPDPRIQSDFCRLADSLHGENHGRIYAGSDFILVPSIFEPCGLTQLVAMRYGSIPIVRKTGGLYDTVFDVDHDKDRARVLGLEPNGFSFDGADCNGVDYALNRQQSLLGLKPAVGSTPSAKGSWSKTGPGTGLPWTTLNCTIQLTNFEAPIQRWQEKASIGRYYKLNETWLKVKIFYLSCRYKLTQTWFKVKIFYLSYTYICRIKTLYSMHKQLWEYVSAMFPILSFNYEYL</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>atggagatggctctccggcctcaaagccttctatgccctcggagcaggctgaaggtcgtcatccggccagctagcagtgccagcggtggtggcctcgcgcaggtatgattcagtttcaagaagttcatgattccggctgctcttgcttttcttgatttgcttgatccaccaagtgttcgtccttctgaaggggcatgcaagattatttactcagttacatgatctcaaatattaatattttggttgtgtttcctgtggttttgattcatttcatcttgggaacatactctggtgatgaaggggaaattcatgttatggggagttctttcctggactttcttacggttgttgatagatttgattgaaatattttgggaaatatttctgtggtcaatgatcttaattctcaaatttagattaggttaaaacaacgggactgaaagttcctttctggagatcgaaaggtagttaattctactccatttgttaaaatttccccccaagtacttgtatatttaggtctgcataatcattgaaagatttcctcatctgggctaattctgttcagttttgaagtgaagcctaaaagaccttgtcctcttgttttgatttgttgggttcttgttttgtaaggaaaaataccgctcattatgcacccccttttttatctacagttgaacattatgcatttacattaatgtgagagggtatcatccattctaaaccgacatgctaagaaatatggtttcggagtgcaattcagtataattttttaaatatttttctgacaggaattctttcaataattttatattgaggatctgagaggcatagattttttatagtaaaataacctacatatttcaaaacagcaatattgattcaaataattcaatactccctccgtccctttataattgtcgtttgggagttgtgcccccctcacaagcacagattcctagcgactaataaaaggggacagagggagtaagttctttttattgaaacatctcgagctacaatatttactttcttttctttttccagtatttcttaatgaccaggagatatactggaagcagaattgttcgatgcatggtttcaagttcaggtttgtgtaggatagcttcgtaaaagctttattaattttcttatttgctatgctaaggtcatgtttgttaaaattatatcatgcagactgtcctaataggaaagcaaagaggacgatttcccttcatacggaagtcgcttcttctaggggatatgctccgagaattgctgctgaatcaagtattcaggagcgagaacatattaatagtgatgaagaaacatttgatacgtacaacagattactacgtaatgagtcaacagagtggaaaaagttagatactactgaagtggatttgtcacaagatgtttcaagcagttcaatgaggaaagtggatgcgacggatgaagctaagctagatatacttgaggatgatttgcccagaaatttgttgaacggtgtaacaatgggggaagtagatatgttggatgaagctggggcagaagatgatgtatttgaggtggacttgtcagccttgcataattccacagtggggaaaatggatgcggtaaatgaagttgggactgaaaatgacttatttgaggtggatctgtcagcattgcatagtgctgcagtggggaaggtggatgtagtagatggagctaaagctaaagaagatttgtttgagatggattcattagcattgcacagtgttacaatggggaaggtggatgcaataaatgcagctggagctgaaggagacaaatttgaggtggatctgtctgcgctcgcgtcgaacaattcaatgatagaggcagttaatgtgatggatgaagctaaggctatagaagacacactcgaggtggatttgtcaggaaatgctacaagcagttcaacatatggggaagttaaatttgaggtggattcattaggaaatacttcaagcactgtaatgtatgggccagcggatggagcgtatgaacctcggtccgatgaagtcacttttaaggtggattcatcagaaaatgcgtcaaacaatgtaatgtatgggagagcagatgtggtggatgaatcttgggctgatgaaggcatatttgaggtggatttttttacaaatgcttcaagcggcgcagaatatggaaaagtggatgtggtggatgaagctaaaactgatgatttcacatttgagattgattcattagaaaaagattcaaacaataaaatgcatgggaaagctcatatggtggatgaagcttgggacgatgaagccatatttgaggttgatttgtttggaaatgcttcaagcattccgatatatggggaggtgaatgtgttggatgaagctcgggctgatgatggaaaatttgaggttgacttattagggaatacttctagcaattcaacacatgaggaagtggatgtggtagatgaagctcaaacaggtgaagccacatttgaggtggatttgcttggaaatgctttaagcagtgcaatatataaagaagtgcctgtcatgggtggagctcaggatgatgaagttgatgtagatttctcaataaatgcttcaatcaccgaaacagaaaaggaagcagatgcagttgatgaagctagagttgaagatgagacatttgatatggatttagtaggtaaacagatatcaatcgattctatgaatgatgatgtagttgaagaagggactaaacatcacagatatccaatgttgtcttcagcattcatagaagtcaagaccattcatgaaacacctgtaagtttaaagcctgaacttatgtcagttgtcatggatcaggaacaagacaaaccaatttccagcgtttatcaacaagaaggatcaatttttaatttgcatgcagaaaaccaatcaacggtagattttcatgaacgggagcaaatggctattacttttgataaacaaaaggaatcagttgctaaactctctaaagaagaccaacagactgctggtttacctgagcaaaacatgtcctttgatggtgtccataggaaaagccagtcaattattgggctcccatttcaacaccaatcaattgttagttcccctgaaaaataccgatcaattgtgggttttcatggacaaaatcaatcaatcatcagctctcataaacaagacaaatcaattgttggtgttcctaaaaaaattcaatccattgttggttccactaagcatgatgattcaattgttggtttccgcaaacaagacagatcaattgttagtgtgcctgagcaaaaacaatcaatagttggttttcataaacaagatctatcaattgttgctgtcagcgaacaaaatctatcaattgttgctatacctagagagagtcaatcaaagcaaatttctattgttcggagacatgatccactacatttgaaggaagtggaaacaaaggatagagatggcatatctaaaaaatctggtggtgacgatgatttgccacatatgctcttcgaagaagagctttcacaggttgaagatgtagcaagggcaatcgcctataaaaagcagcatgaagttgatgtaatctctttgactccagatatccaggagtcaccacaggacaatatcgacccacaagaactccgaaggatgctccaagaacttgctgaccagaattgttcaatgggtaacaagcttttcgtttttccagaggcagtgaaggctaattcgacaattgatgtatatttgaatcgtaacctatcggctttggcgaatgagcctgatgtccacatcaaaggagcattcaatagttggagatggaggcctttcaccgaaagactgcacaagagtgaattgagtggggattggtggtcttgcaaactgcacatacccaaggaagcttatagattagactttgtgttcttcaatggtcgtttagtctatgataacaatgatagtaatgattttgtgctgcaagtagaaagtacaatggatgaagattcctttgaggagttcttggttgaagaaaagaaaagagaacttgagagagttgccactgaagaagctgaaaggaggaggcatgctgaagagcagcagcgaatgggagaacaaagggctgcagaacaagctgccagggaacaggctaagaaggagatagagttgaagaagaacaaattgcaaaatctgttgagttcagccagaacacatgttgataatttgtggcacatagagcctagcacatatagacaaggggacactgtcagattgtactataacagaaactcaaggccgcttatgcatagtactgagatctggatgcatggtggttgcaatagttggactgatggactctctattgttgaaagacttgtcgaatgtgatgacgaaaatggtgattggtggtatgctaatggtatgatattacacatttttctcttacttgggtaggagtatattagagcatcataagatacattaccacattagcgtagggcttctagaaaaaaaaatccttgttctagttatcttgcactcttatttttttggtttacttgggtaagaatatatgtaatgcattgcttttcgttttaaacagttcatatacctgaaaaggcctttgtattggactgggtttttgctgacgggccacctggaaatgcaaggaattatgacaacaatggtcgacaagattttcatgctattcttccaaatgccatgactaacgaagaatattgggttgaagaggaaaactgtatctatacaaggcttctccacgagatcagagaacgggaggaagctattaaaataaaggtcagtcaaaatagaatctttaaatatggacttggttatttgatccagagttttacaacatggttctgatgtattttgttggctgacgaattctcttgcaattgttctatttgtaattaacttgcgtagagctaatgaacttcacatgtgaaatcag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Link = [http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/cgi-bin/gbrowse/rice/#search]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 8]]
[[Category:Chromosome 8]]

==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Zhang M, Zhang B, Qian Q, et al. Brittle Culm 12, a dual‐targeting kinesin‐4 protein, controls cell‐cycle progression and wall properties in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(2): 312-328.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Miyako Kusano;Atsushi Fukushima;Naoko Fujita;Yozo Okazaki;Makoto Kobayashi;Naoko Fujita Oitome;Kaworu Ebana;Kazuki Saito. Deciphering Starch Quality of Rice Kernels Using Metabolite Profiling and Pedigree Network Analysis. Molecular Plant, 2011, 5(2): 442-451.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Nayeon Ryoo;Chul Yu;Cheon-Seok Park;Moo-Yeol Baik;In Myoung Park;Man-Ho Cho;Seong Hee Bhoo;Gynheung An;Tae-Ryong Hahn;Jong-Seong Jeon. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa / Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26(7): 1083-1095.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref4">
Naoko Fujita;Mayumi Yoshida;Tomonori Kondo;Kaori Saito;Yoshinori Utsumi;Takashi Tokunaga;Aiko Nishi;Hikaru Satoh;Jin-Hee Park;Jay-Lin Jane;Akio Miyao;Hirohiko Hirochika and Yasunori Nakamura. Characterization of SSIIIa-Deficient Mutants of Rice: The Function of SSIIIa and Pleiotropic Effects by SSIIIa Deficiency in the Rice Endosperm. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(4): 2009-2023.

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李艳玲: /* Annotated Information */

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李艳玲: /* Annotated Information */

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李艳玲: Created page with "==Annotated Information== '''Figure 1.''' '' '''BC12''' Mutant VS. WT(from reference) <ref name="ref2" />.'' ===Function=== '''''OsSSIIIa..."