a Normal phenotype of wild-type yeast harboring the pREP1 vector. b Elongated morphology of OsCCS52B-overexpressing yeast. c DAPIstained nuclei of wild-type yeast. d DAPI-stained nuclei of OsCCS52B-overexpressing yeast

File:Fig.1 Yeast growth rate analysis.jpg

2014-06-09T13:59:06Z

Dkyjw: uploaded a new version of "File:Fig.1 Yeast growth rate analysis.jpg": Growth rate of yeast transformed with pREP1 (filled circle) or pREP1-OsCCS52B (filled triangle). OD600 was measured at the indicated times (every 6 h).

Os01g0972900

2014-06-09T13:58:02Z

Dkyjw: /* Function */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
[[File:Fig.1 Yeast growth rate analysis.jpg|right|thumb|200px|"Fig.1 Yeast growth rate analysis(from reference<ref name="ref1"/>)."]]
During the whole plant life cycle, cell division and expansion work alternately to build and control the precise size of specific organs. In addition, during cell differentiation of post-embryonic tissue, either cell expansion or endoreduplication control the final size. CCS52 protein has been reported to be involved in cell expansion and endoreduplication, the functional characterization of B-type CCS52 (CCS52B) in plants is relatively limited. Previous studies of model plants (Medicago and Arabidopsis) have proposed that MtCCS52B and AtCCS52B play a crucial role in plant cell division. Yeast overexpressing AtCCS52B had smaller cells compared to the wild type, indicating an early start of the mitotic cell division cycle. Moreover, yeast cells harboring OsCCS52B grow slower than the wild type during the cycle, as determined by the proliferation assay (Fig. 1). Another distinct phenotype is yeast cell elongation prior to division. These results indicate that OsCCS52B may function in cell expansion rather than cell division. Although the yeast cell is elongated, the nuclei size remains similar to the wild type, indicating that no additional endoreduplication cycle occurs in OsCCS52B overexpressing cells (Fig. 2). In Arabidopsis, when AtCCS52B is overexpressed in fission yeast, the cells loose polarity control. Therefore, the nuclei location is not always in the center of the cells. In contrast to this phenomenon, and presented here show that OsCCS52B overexpressing cells maintain the nuclei within the center of the cell.
To further confirm the functional role of OsCCS52B in plants, a T-DNA insertion mutant line 1B-10423 was characterized. These results indicate that OsCCS52B plays an essential role in the growth and development of rice, not only during the early developmental stage, but also during the grain filling stage. Grain filling is a critical stage, during which cereal plants modulate endosperm (seed) size due to the accumulation of photosynthates, such as starch and protein. Two main processes, endoreduplication and cell expansion, are reported to occur concomitantly with grain filling. Furthermore, endoreduplication and cell expansion might work concurrently or independently. In most cereals, successive rounds of endoreduplication start at 10 DAP and peak at 15–18 DAP. To determine whether the mutation in line 1B-10423 interferes with cellular development during endosperm formation, 15 DAP endosperm was sectioned and stained with DAPI to compare with the corresponding wild-type endosperm. Interestingly, microscopic analysis of the endosperm cells in line 1B-10423 revealed a smaller cell size without altering the nuclei size. Hence, cell size regulation in mutant seed could be separate and independent from the cell cycle progression associated with DNA endoreduplication. Therefore, OsCCS52B is more likely to be involved in the regulation of cell growth during endosperm development. Taken together with the yeast overexpression data, this result supports the hypothesis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in cell expansion rather than endoreduplication.
Previous studies have reported that the level of endoreduplication in maize endosperm does not always affect the cell size, thus providing evidence of another mechanism for seed size regulation. Thus, cell expansion and endoreduplication may be independent events and not necessarily related under certain conditions. Cell expansion during endosperm development is also regulated by the surrounding phenomena, such as embryo development. In studies using a RNAi approach, the down-regulation of Orysa;CycB1;1 increases embryo size and inhibits endosperm development. This demonstrates the effect of a physical interaction in bordering cells between the embryo and endosperm.
In fact, the cell numbers in mutant endosperm are relatively higher than those in the wild-type. This may be due to a decrease in cell size, which can stimulate a compensatory increase in cell proliferation.
In conclusion, these results provide a genetic basis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in maintaining growth and development. In addition, OsCCS52B is responsible for the normal shape and size of rice seeds via cell expansion regulation. Further study will be required to confirm whether transgenic rice overexpressing OsCCS52B alter plant morphology, especially in seed size.
[[File:Fig.1.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Yeast growth rate analysis. Growth rate of yeast transformed with pREP1 (filled circle) or pREP1-OsCCS52B (filled triangle).OD600 was measured at the indicated times (every 6 h)(from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Expression===
It was previously reported that Medicago CCS52B was highly expressed in shoot apices. In addition, Arabidopsis CCS52B is mainly expressed in young leaves and bolting plants. To investigate the expression pattern of OsCCS52B, RNA from vegetative and generative organs of wild-type plants was isolated and the transcription levels were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that OsCCS52B was highly expressed in young organs, both in leaves and roots. However, the expression was very weak in mature roots and barely detectable in mature leaves. In contrast to mature vegetative organs, OsCCS52B was expressed strongly in generative organs such as flowers and kernels (Fig. 3).
[[File:Fig.3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Expression pattern of OsCCS52B in wild-type plants. Total RNA was isolated from vegetative (a) and generative (b) organs of wild-type rice. The expression of rice Actin was included as a control.YL young leaves, YR young roots, ML mature leaves, MR mature roots, IM immature panicles, FL flowers, 10K kernels at 10 days after pollination, 15K kernels at 15 days after pollinationg (from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
1. Mukhamad Su’udi, Joon-Yung Cha, Il-Pyung Ahn, Youn-Sig Kwak, Young-Min Woo, Daeyoung Son. Functional characterization of a B-type cell cycle switch 52 in rice. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult, 2012, 111:101–111.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0972900|
Description = Similar to Clone ZZD405 mRNA sequence. (Fragment)|
Version = NM_001052078.1 GI:115442526 GeneID:4326397|
Length = 3262 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os01g0972900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:44744264..44747525|
CDS = 44744407..44744889,44744998..44745225,44745689..44745868,44746003..44746257,44746339..44746443 ,44746865..44746927,44747014..44747082,44747159..44747212|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MATDASPKPAPPRLNVPPAMAGGLRLDPAVASPARLLLDVPKTP SPSKTTYSDRFIPCRSSSRLHNFALLDRDRASPSSTTDDAPYSRLLRAEIFGPDSPSP APSSPNTNLFRFKTDHPSPKSPFAASAAATAGHYDCTAGSAESSTPRKPPRKVPKTPH KVLDAPSLQDDFYLNLVDWSSQNTLAVGLGNCVYLWSASNCKVTKLCDLGPRDSVCAV HWTREGSYLAIGTSLGDVQIWDSSRCKRIRNMGGHQTRTGVLAWSSRILSSGSRDKNI LQHDIRVPSDYISKFSGHRSEVCGLKWSHDDRELASGGNDNQLLVWNQRSQQPILRLT EHTAAVKAIAWSPHQQGLLASGGGTADRCIRFWNTVNGNMLNSVDTGSQVCNLAWCKN VNELVSTHGYSQNQIMVWKYPSMSKVATLTGHTLRVLYLAMSPDGQTIVTGAGDETLR FWNIFPSMKTQAPVRDIGLWSFSRSHIR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>144..626#735..962#1426..1605#1740..1994#2076..2180#2602..2664#2751..2819#2896..2949#tgaccgttgcaacctcatctccgctcctcttcctcctcctcgtcgtcgttgtcgtcgtcggcggcgcatccagcctcgacgtgccggcggcggtgggtggcggggcagcagacgagcaagaaagagatccctagtctctctcgatggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtgggttcccaacgttccttcttccctcttcttgggcatttccacaaacacccactgcgcaactaaaacaatcttttggtttccgatccgtgtgcgtgcgcaactcaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccaggtttccccctctcatctcctctcctctactctctactgaataaattgcctgcagcatatgattgtcttcagtttatctatctagtacttagtagtaattgttttctacactctttagatttcatcacaacaattacacaaactatatacatcaattgttccaaatatcctgaatcctgggctgatgcaattcgcttcgttcaccatctcgtatgatagatgtacactagtaaagatttgaaacataagccctattgctgaaactctaaacttttattcgattctagtactaactatcactatcacaacacgtacatacttctttcaatgtgtccaggatgtgtgcgacagttttgtctgcaaatctcaaactacctatacttgaattagcctattgtttttgttcaactctgtgaatttgttcatggctatcgagaatttgatgcatacataaattccaacagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtgagacttctaactacttccaagccataggtttttggaaaatagctcactaactatgcaagttaaaatcatcccatctcacagtaagatttcagaaccatgtatgtgcatcaagtgacagtttttttggtcaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggcgagtagttctgaacaagcctctaaaaagtagttcagtgaatttttactgtcatcctcaccagctgctttctgttttcaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggtaagcttaaattcccgtgggctgtcaagcctactaattcaccagttagacaattgtgcatcaagtaatcactcattcggataaaaacgtgaaaaaaagcagaggaagttatgtgtctgatttctcctagggttgtttccaaagaactcattcctttctgtgggccgagacattgactcatggattgcttaaacgcttaaaaggaatttagtatcaacatagttgacgagcatgtaatgcttaaaaagaacaatatcagtatggctgcaaatccaagtgaagtatttcacagggggctattttcatttgtatttgcagataaggataagagtagaataattcctttgaatttttaatatctgttcaagaaagatttccactagtgcagtaccactaagtattttatgttttcgataaacaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacaggtaaatctttttccaaactgcaaatcatgtatccggaaaaatattcctgggaatcgtcctaaatgatgcatattactcatttgcagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggtaggcatctattgttgaacacagattttatttattttgtggcttgtagcttgaactgccatattgtttgcaccaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtgaccataataggaggcaaagaaaatgcatatgtttgtatgaaacataattttctgaacttgtgcagttcttcagcgatttgtaaattgtgaggcctaattattcatttattgtttgtgtgcgcgtgtgtgtctgtgagatcgagagaaagggagaagaactcatattaacataaccaattctttgtattagaagctcataagtcggctagtttcttgtttggaatttcattgcagagaaacaagggccttgtaatttatcacaaacttatatgcttgtattattctcacacactttgtggccatttcatgacttc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001052078.1 RefSeq:Os01g0972900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

2014-06-09T13:32:08Z

Dkyjw:

Os01g0972900

2014-06-09T13:27:31Z

Dkyjw: /* References */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
During the whole plant life cycle, cell division and expansion work alternately to build and control the precise size of specific organs. In addition, during cell differentiation of post-embryonic tissue, either cell expansion or endoreduplication control the final size. CCS52 protein has been reported to be involved in cell expansion and endoreduplication, the functional characterization of B-type CCS52 (CCS52B) in plants is relatively limited. Previous studies of model plants (Medicago and Arabidopsis) have proposed that MtCCS52B and AtCCS52B play a crucial role in plant cell division. Yeast overexpressing AtCCS52B had smaller cells compared to the wild type, indicating an early start of the mitotic cell division cycle. Moreover, yeast cells harboring OsCCS52B grow slower than the wild type during the cycle, as determined by the proliferation assay (Fig. 1). Another distinct phenotype is yeast cell elongation prior to division. These results indicate that OsCCS52B may function in cell expansion rather than cell division. Although the yeast cell is elongated, the nuclei size remains similar to the wild type, indicating that no additional endoreduplication cycle occurs in OsCCS52B overexpressing cells (Fig. 2). In Arabidopsis, when AtCCS52B is overexpressed in fission yeast, the cells loose polarity control. Therefore, the nuclei location is not always in the center of the cells. In contrast to this phenomenon, and presented here show that OsCCS52B overexpressing cells maintain the nuclei within the center of the cell.
To further confirm the functional role of OsCCS52B in plants, a T-DNA insertion mutant line 1B-10423 was characterized. These results indicate that OsCCS52B plays an essential role in the growth and development of rice, not only during the early developmental stage, but also during the grain filling stage. Grain filling is a critical stage, during which cereal plants modulate endosperm (seed) size due to the accumulation of photosynthates, such as starch and protein. Two main processes, endoreduplication and cell expansion, are reported to occur concomitantly with grain filling. Furthermore, endoreduplication and cell expansion might work concurrently or independently. In most cereals, successive rounds of endoreduplication start at 10 DAP and peak at 15–18 DAP. To determine whether the mutation in line 1B-10423 interferes with cellular development during endosperm formation, 15 DAP endosperm was sectioned and stained with DAPI to compare with the corresponding wild-type endosperm. Interestingly, microscopic analysis of the endosperm cells in line 1B-10423 revealed a smaller cell size without altering the nuclei size. Hence, cell size regulation in mutant seed could be separate and independent from the cell cycle progression associated with DNA endoreduplication. Therefore, OsCCS52B is more likely to be involved in the regulation of cell growth during endosperm development. Taken together with the yeast overexpression data, this result supports the hypothesis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in cell expansion rather than endoreduplication.
Previous studies have reported that the level of endoreduplication in maize endosperm does not always affect the cell size, thus providing evidence of another mechanism for seed size regulation. Thus, cell expansion and endoreduplication may be independent events and not necessarily related under certain conditions. Cell expansion during endosperm development is also regulated by the surrounding phenomena, such as embryo development. In studies using a RNAi approach, the down-regulation of Orysa;CycB1;1 increases embryo size and inhibits endosperm development. This demonstrates the effect of a physical interaction in bordering cells between the embryo and endosperm.
In fact, the cell numbers in mutant endosperm are relatively higher than those in the wild-type. This may be due to a decrease in cell size, which can stimulate a compensatory increase in cell proliferation.
In conclusion, these results provide a genetic basis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in maintaining growth and development. In addition, OsCCS52B is responsible for the normal shape and size of rice seeds via cell expansion regulation. Further study will be required to confirm whether transgenic rice overexpressing OsCCS52B alter plant morphology, especially in seed size.
[[File:Fig.1.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Yeast growth rate analysis. Growth rate of yeast transformed with pREP1 (filled circle) or pREP1-OsCCS52B (filled triangle).OD600 was measured at the indicated times (every 6 h)(from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Expression===
It was previously reported that Medicago CCS52B was highly expressed in shoot apices. In addition, Arabidopsis CCS52B is mainly expressed in young leaves and bolting plants. To investigate the expression pattern of OsCCS52B, RNA from vegetative and generative organs of wild-type plants was isolated and the transcription levels were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that OsCCS52B was highly expressed in young organs, both in leaves and roots. However, the expression was very weak in mature roots and barely detectable in mature leaves. In contrast to mature vegetative organs, OsCCS52B was expressed strongly in generative organs such as flowers and kernels (Fig. 3).
[[File:Fig.3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Expression pattern of OsCCS52B in wild-type plants. Total RNA was isolated from vegetative (a) and generative (b) organs of wild-type rice. The expression of rice Actin was included as a control.YL young leaves, YR young roots, ML mature leaves, MR mature roots, IM immature panicles, FL flowers, 10K kernels at 10 days after pollination, 15K kernels at 15 days after pollinationg (from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">Mukhamad Su’udi, Joon-Yung Cha,et al.(2012)Functional characterization of a B-type cell cycle switch 52 in rice(OsCCS52B).Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult (2012) 111:101–111</ref>
<references>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0972900|
Description = Similar to Clone ZZD405 mRNA sequence. (Fragment)|
Version = NM_001052078.1 GI:115442526 GeneID:4326397|
Length = 3262 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os01g0972900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:44744264..44747525|
CDS = 44744407..44744889,44744998..44745225,44745689..44745868,44746003..44746257,44746339..44746443 ,44746865..44746927,44747014..44747082,44747159..44747212|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MATDASPKPAPPRLNVPPAMAGGLRLDPAVASPARLLLDVPKTP SPSKTTYSDRFIPCRSSSRLHNFALLDRDRASPSSTTDDAPYSRLLRAEIFGPDSPSP APSSPNTNLFRFKTDHPSPKSPFAASAAATAGHYDCTAGSAESSTPRKPPRKVPKTPH KVLDAPSLQDDFYLNLVDWSSQNTLAVGLGNCVYLWSASNCKVTKLCDLGPRDSVCAV HWTREGSYLAIGTSLGDVQIWDSSRCKRIRNMGGHQTRTGVLAWSSRILSSGSRDKNI LQHDIRVPSDYISKFSGHRSEVCGLKWSHDDRELASGGNDNQLLVWNQRSQQPILRLT EHTAAVKAIAWSPHQQGLLASGGGTADRCIRFWNTVNGNMLNSVDTGSQVCNLAWCKN VNELVSTHGYSQNQIMVWKYPSMSKVATLTGHTLRVLYLAMSPDGQTIVTGAGDETLR FWNIFPSMKTQAPVRDIGLWSFSRSHIR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>144..626#735..962#1426..1605#1740..1994#2076..2180#2602..2664#2751..2819#2896..2949#tgaccgttgcaacctcatctccgctcctcttcctcctcctcgtcgtcgttgtcgtcgtcggcggcgcatccagcctcgacgtgccggcggcggtgggtggcggggcagcagacgagcaagaaagagatccctagtctctctcgatggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtgggttcccaacgttccttcttccctcttcttgggcatttccacaaacacccactgcgcaactaaaacaatcttttggtttccgatccgtgtgcgtgcgcaactcaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccaggtttccccctctcatctcctctcctctactctctactgaataaattgcctgcagcatatgattgtcttcagtttatctatctagtacttagtagtaattgttttctacactctttagatttcatcacaacaattacacaaactatatacatcaattgttccaaatatcctgaatcctgggctgatgcaattcgcttcgttcaccatctcgtatgatagatgtacactagtaaagatttgaaacataagccctattgctgaaactctaaacttttattcgattctagtactaactatcactatcacaacacgtacatacttctttcaatgtgtccaggatgtgtgcgacagttttgtctgcaaatctcaaactacctatacttgaattagcctattgtttttgttcaactctgtgaatttgttcatggctatcgagaatttgatgcatacataaattccaacagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtgagacttctaactacttccaagccataggtttttggaaaatagctcactaactatgcaagttaaaatcatcccatctcacagtaagatttcagaaccatgtatgtgcatcaagtgacagtttttttggtcaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggcgagtagttctgaacaagcctctaaaaagtagttcagtgaatttttactgtcatcctcaccagctgctttctgttttcaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggtaagcttaaattcccgtgggctgtcaagcctactaattcaccagttagacaattgtgcatcaagtaatcactcattcggataaaaacgtgaaaaaaagcagaggaagttatgtgtctgatttctcctagggttgtttccaaagaactcattcctttctgtgggccgagacattgactcatggattgcttaaacgcttaaaaggaatttagtatcaacatagttgacgagcatgtaatgcttaaaaagaacaatatcagtatggctgcaaatccaagtgaagtatttcacagggggctattttcatttgtatttgcagataaggataagagtagaataattcctttgaatttttaatatctgttcaagaaagatttccactagtgcagtaccactaagtattttatgttttcgataaacaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacaggtaaatctttttccaaactgcaaatcatgtatccggaaaaatattcctgggaatcgtcctaaatgatgcatattactcatttgcagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggtaggcatctattgttgaacacagattttatttattttgtggcttgtagcttgaactgccatattgtttgcaccaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtgaccataataggaggcaaagaaaatgcatatgtttgtatgaaacataattttctgaacttgtgcagttcttcagcgatttgtaaattgtgaggcctaattattcatttattgtttgtgtgcgcgtgtgtgtctgtgagatcgagagaaagggagaagaactcatattaacataaccaattctttgtattagaagctcataagtcggctagtttcttgtttggaatttcattgcagagaaacaagggccttgtaatttatcacaaacttatatgcttgtattattctcacacactttgtggccatttcatgacttc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001052078.1 RefSeq:Os01g0972900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

Os01g0972900

2014-06-09T13:24:51Z

Dkyjw: /* References */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
During the whole plant life cycle, cell division and expansion work alternately to build and control the precise size of specific organs. In addition, during cell differentiation of post-embryonic tissue, either cell expansion or endoreduplication control the final size. CCS52 protein has been reported to be involved in cell expansion and endoreduplication, the functional characterization of B-type CCS52 (CCS52B) in plants is relatively limited. Previous studies of model plants (Medicago and Arabidopsis) have proposed that MtCCS52B and AtCCS52B play a crucial role in plant cell division. Yeast overexpressing AtCCS52B had smaller cells compared to the wild type, indicating an early start of the mitotic cell division cycle. Moreover, yeast cells harboring OsCCS52B grow slower than the wild type during the cycle, as determined by the proliferation assay (Fig. 1). Another distinct phenotype is yeast cell elongation prior to division. These results indicate that OsCCS52B may function in cell expansion rather than cell division. Although the yeast cell is elongated, the nuclei size remains similar to the wild type, indicating that no additional endoreduplication cycle occurs in OsCCS52B overexpressing cells (Fig. 2). In Arabidopsis, when AtCCS52B is overexpressed in fission yeast, the cells loose polarity control. Therefore, the nuclei location is not always in the center of the cells. In contrast to this phenomenon, and presented here show that OsCCS52B overexpressing cells maintain the nuclei within the center of the cell.
To further confirm the functional role of OsCCS52B in plants, a T-DNA insertion mutant line 1B-10423 was characterized. These results indicate that OsCCS52B plays an essential role in the growth and development of rice, not only during the early developmental stage, but also during the grain filling stage. Grain filling is a critical stage, during which cereal plants modulate endosperm (seed) size due to the accumulation of photosynthates, such as starch and protein. Two main processes, endoreduplication and cell expansion, are reported to occur concomitantly with grain filling. Furthermore, endoreduplication and cell expansion might work concurrently or independently. In most cereals, successive rounds of endoreduplication start at 10 DAP and peak at 15–18 DAP. To determine whether the mutation in line 1B-10423 interferes with cellular development during endosperm formation, 15 DAP endosperm was sectioned and stained with DAPI to compare with the corresponding wild-type endosperm. Interestingly, microscopic analysis of the endosperm cells in line 1B-10423 revealed a smaller cell size without altering the nuclei size. Hence, cell size regulation in mutant seed could be separate and independent from the cell cycle progression associated with DNA endoreduplication. Therefore, OsCCS52B is more likely to be involved in the regulation of cell growth during endosperm development. Taken together with the yeast overexpression data, this result supports the hypothesis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in cell expansion rather than endoreduplication.
Previous studies have reported that the level of endoreduplication in maize endosperm does not always affect the cell size, thus providing evidence of another mechanism for seed size regulation. Thus, cell expansion and endoreduplication may be independent events and not necessarily related under certain conditions. Cell expansion during endosperm development is also regulated by the surrounding phenomena, such as embryo development. In studies using a RNAi approach, the down-regulation of Orysa;CycB1;1 increases embryo size and inhibits endosperm development. This demonstrates the effect of a physical interaction in bordering cells between the embryo and endosperm.
In fact, the cell numbers in mutant endosperm are relatively higher than those in the wild-type. This may be due to a decrease in cell size, which can stimulate a compensatory increase in cell proliferation.
In conclusion, these results provide a genetic basis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in maintaining growth and development. In addition, OsCCS52B is responsible for the normal shape and size of rice seeds via cell expansion regulation. Further study will be required to confirm whether transgenic rice overexpressing OsCCS52B alter plant morphology, especially in seed size.
[[File:Fig.1.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Yeast growth rate analysis. Growth rate of yeast transformed with pREP1 (filled circle) or pREP1-OsCCS52B (filled triangle).OD600 was measured at the indicated times (every 6 h)(from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Expression===
It was previously reported that Medicago CCS52B was highly expressed in shoot apices. In addition, Arabidopsis CCS52B is mainly expressed in young leaves and bolting plants. To investigate the expression pattern of OsCCS52B, RNA from vegetative and generative organs of wild-type plants was isolated and the transcription levels were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that OsCCS52B was highly expressed in young organs, both in leaves and roots. However, the expression was very weak in mature roots and barely detectable in mature leaves. In contrast to mature vegetative organs, OsCCS52B was expressed strongly in generative organs such as flowers and kernels (Fig. 3).
[[File:Fig.3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Expression pattern of OsCCS52B in wild-type plants. Total RNA was isolated from vegetative (a) and generative (b) organs of wild-type rice. The expression of rice Actin was included as a control.YL young leaves, YR young roots, ML mature leaves, MR mature roots, IM immature panicles, FL flowers, 10K kernels at 10 days after pollination, 15K kernels at 15 days after pollinationg (from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
<ref name="ref1">Mukhamad Su’udi, Joon-Yung Cha,et al.(2012)Functional characterization of a B-type cell cycle switch 52 in rice(OsCCS52B).Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult (2012) 111:101–111</ref>
==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0972900|
Description = Similar to Clone ZZD405 mRNA sequence. (Fragment)|
Version = NM_001052078.1 GI:115442526 GeneID:4326397|
Length = 3262 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os01g0972900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:44744264..44747525|
CDS = 44744407..44744889,44744998..44745225,44745689..44745868,44746003..44746257,44746339..44746443 ,44746865..44746927,44747014..44747082,44747159..44747212|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MATDASPKPAPPRLNVPPAMAGGLRLDPAVASPARLLLDVPKTP SPSKTTYSDRFIPCRSSSRLHNFALLDRDRASPSSTTDDAPYSRLLRAEIFGPDSPSP APSSPNTNLFRFKTDHPSPKSPFAASAAATAGHYDCTAGSAESSTPRKPPRKVPKTPH KVLDAPSLQDDFYLNLVDWSSQNTLAVGLGNCVYLWSASNCKVTKLCDLGPRDSVCAV HWTREGSYLAIGTSLGDVQIWDSSRCKRIRNMGGHQTRTGVLAWSSRILSSGSRDKNI LQHDIRVPSDYISKFSGHRSEVCGLKWSHDDRELASGGNDNQLLVWNQRSQQPILRLT EHTAAVKAIAWSPHQQGLLASGGGTADRCIRFWNTVNGNMLNSVDTGSQVCNLAWCKN VNELVSTHGYSQNQIMVWKYPSMSKVATLTGHTLRVLYLAMSPDGQTIVTGAGDETLR FWNIFPSMKTQAPVRDIGLWSFSRSHIR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>144..626#735..962#1426..1605#1740..1994#2076..2180#2602..2664#2751..2819#2896..2949#tgaccgttgcaacctcatctccgctcctcttcctcctcctcgtcgtcgttgtcgtcgtcggcggcgcatccagcctcgacgtgccggcggcggtgggtggcggggcagcagacgagcaagaaagagatccctagtctctctcgatggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtgggttcccaacgttccttcttccctcttcttgggcatttccacaaacacccactgcgcaactaaaacaatcttttggtttccgatccgtgtgcgtgcgcaactcaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccaggtttccccctctcatctcctctcctctactctctactgaataaattgcctgcagcatatgattgtcttcagtttatctatctagtacttagtagtaattgttttctacactctttagatttcatcacaacaattacacaaactatatacatcaattgttccaaatatcctgaatcctgggctgatgcaattcgcttcgttcaccatctcgtatgatagatgtacactagtaaagatttgaaacataagccctattgctgaaactctaaacttttattcgattctagtactaactatcactatcacaacacgtacatacttctttcaatgtgtccaggatgtgtgcgacagttttgtctgcaaatctcaaactacctatacttgaattagcctattgtttttgttcaactctgtgaatttgttcatggctatcgagaatttgatgcatacataaattccaacagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtgagacttctaactacttccaagccataggtttttggaaaatagctcactaactatgcaagttaaaatcatcccatctcacagtaagatttcagaaccatgtatgtgcatcaagtgacagtttttttggtcaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggcgagtagttctgaacaagcctctaaaaagtagttcagtgaatttttactgtcatcctcaccagctgctttctgttttcaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggtaagcttaaattcccgtgggctgtcaagcctactaattcaccagttagacaattgtgcatcaagtaatcactcattcggataaaaacgtgaaaaaaagcagaggaagttatgtgtctgatttctcctagggttgtttccaaagaactcattcctttctgtgggccgagacattgactcatggattgcttaaacgcttaaaaggaatttagtatcaacatagttgacgagcatgtaatgcttaaaaagaacaatatcagtatggctgcaaatccaagtgaagtatttcacagggggctattttcatttgtatttgcagataaggataagagtagaataattcctttgaatttttaatatctgttcaagaaagatttccactagtgcagtaccactaagtattttatgttttcgataaacaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacaggtaaatctttttccaaactgcaaatcatgtatccggaaaaatattcctgggaatcgtcctaaatgatgcatattactcatttgcagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggtaggcatctattgttgaacacagattttatttattttgtggcttgtagcttgaactgccatattgtttgcaccaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtgaccataataggaggcaaagaaaatgcatatgtttgtatgaaacataattttctgaacttgtgcagttcttcagcgatttgtaaattgtgaggcctaattattcatttattgtttgtgtgcgcgtgtgtgtctgtgagatcgagagaaagggagaagaactcatattaacataaccaattctttgtattagaagctcataagtcggctagtttcttgtttggaatttcattgcagagaaacaagggccttgtaatttatcacaaacttatatgcttgtattattctcacacactttgtggccatttcatgacttc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001052078.1 RefSeq:Os01g0972900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

Os01g0972900

2014-06-09T13:24:08Z

Dkyjw: /* References */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
During the whole plant life cycle, cell division and expansion work alternately to build and control the precise size of specific organs. In addition, during cell differentiation of post-embryonic tissue, either cell expansion or endoreduplication control the final size. CCS52 protein has been reported to be involved in cell expansion and endoreduplication, the functional characterization of B-type CCS52 (CCS52B) in plants is relatively limited. Previous studies of model plants (Medicago and Arabidopsis) have proposed that MtCCS52B and AtCCS52B play a crucial role in plant cell division. Yeast overexpressing AtCCS52B had smaller cells compared to the wild type, indicating an early start of the mitotic cell division cycle. Moreover, yeast cells harboring OsCCS52B grow slower than the wild type during the cycle, as determined by the proliferation assay (Fig. 1). Another distinct phenotype is yeast cell elongation prior to division. These results indicate that OsCCS52B may function in cell expansion rather than cell division. Although the yeast cell is elongated, the nuclei size remains similar to the wild type, indicating that no additional endoreduplication cycle occurs in OsCCS52B overexpressing cells (Fig. 2). In Arabidopsis, when AtCCS52B is overexpressed in fission yeast, the cells loose polarity control. Therefore, the nuclei location is not always in the center of the cells. In contrast to this phenomenon, and presented here show that OsCCS52B overexpressing cells maintain the nuclei within the center of the cell.
To further confirm the functional role of OsCCS52B in plants, a T-DNA insertion mutant line 1B-10423 was characterized. These results indicate that OsCCS52B plays an essential role in the growth and development of rice, not only during the early developmental stage, but also during the grain filling stage. Grain filling is a critical stage, during which cereal plants modulate endosperm (seed) size due to the accumulation of photosynthates, such as starch and protein. Two main processes, endoreduplication and cell expansion, are reported to occur concomitantly with grain filling. Furthermore, endoreduplication and cell expansion might work concurrently or independently. In most cereals, successive rounds of endoreduplication start at 10 DAP and peak at 15–18 DAP. To determine whether the mutation in line 1B-10423 interferes with cellular development during endosperm formation, 15 DAP endosperm was sectioned and stained with DAPI to compare with the corresponding wild-type endosperm. Interestingly, microscopic analysis of the endosperm cells in line 1B-10423 revealed a smaller cell size without altering the nuclei size. Hence, cell size regulation in mutant seed could be separate and independent from the cell cycle progression associated with DNA endoreduplication. Therefore, OsCCS52B is more likely to be involved in the regulation of cell growth during endosperm development. Taken together with the yeast overexpression data, this result supports the hypothesis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in cell expansion rather than endoreduplication.
Previous studies have reported that the level of endoreduplication in maize endosperm does not always affect the cell size, thus providing evidence of another mechanism for seed size regulation. Thus, cell expansion and endoreduplication may be independent events and not necessarily related under certain conditions. Cell expansion during endosperm development is also regulated by the surrounding phenomena, such as embryo development. In studies using a RNAi approach, the down-regulation of Orysa;CycB1;1 increases embryo size and inhibits endosperm development. This demonstrates the effect of a physical interaction in bordering cells between the embryo and endosperm.
In fact, the cell numbers in mutant endosperm are relatively higher than those in the wild-type. This may be due to a decrease in cell size, which can stimulate a compensatory increase in cell proliferation.
In conclusion, these results provide a genetic basis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in maintaining growth and development. In addition, OsCCS52B is responsible for the normal shape and size of rice seeds via cell expansion regulation. Further study will be required to confirm whether transgenic rice overexpressing OsCCS52B alter plant morphology, especially in seed size.
[[File:Fig.1.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Yeast growth rate analysis. Growth rate of yeast transformed with pREP1 (filled circle) or pREP1-OsCCS52B (filled triangle).OD600 was measured at the indicated times (every 6 h)(from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Expression===
It was previously reported that Medicago CCS52B was highly expressed in shoot apices. In addition, Arabidopsis CCS52B is mainly expressed in young leaves and bolting plants. To investigate the expression pattern of OsCCS52B, RNA from vegetative and generative organs of wild-type plants was isolated and the transcription levels were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that OsCCS52B was highly expressed in young organs, both in leaves and roots. However, the expression was very weak in mature roots and barely detectable in mature leaves. In contrast to mature vegetative organs, OsCCS52B was expressed strongly in generative organs such as flowers and kernels (Fig. 3).
[[File:Fig.3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Expression pattern of OsCCS52B in wild-type plants. Total RNA was isolated from vegetative (a) and generative (b) organs of wild-type rice. The expression of rice Actin was included as a control.YL young leaves, YR young roots, ML mature leaves, MR mature roots, IM immature panicles, FL flowers, 10K kernels at 10 days after pollination, 15K kernels at 15 days after pollinationg (from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
<ref name="ref1">Mukhamad Su’udi, Joon-Yung Cha,et al.(2012)Functional characterization of a B-type cell cycle switch 52 in rice(OsCCS52B).Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult (2012) 111:101–111

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0972900|
Description = Similar to Clone ZZD405 mRNA sequence. (Fragment)|
Version = NM_001052078.1 GI:115442526 GeneID:4326397|
Length = 3262 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os01g0972900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:44744264..44747525|
CDS = 44744407..44744889,44744998..44745225,44745689..44745868,44746003..44746257,44746339..44746443 ,44746865..44746927,44747014..44747082,44747159..44747212|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MATDASPKPAPPRLNVPPAMAGGLRLDPAVASPARLLLDVPKTP SPSKTTYSDRFIPCRSSSRLHNFALLDRDRASPSSTTDDAPYSRLLRAEIFGPDSPSP APSSPNTNLFRFKTDHPSPKSPFAASAAATAGHYDCTAGSAESSTPRKPPRKVPKTPH KVLDAPSLQDDFYLNLVDWSSQNTLAVGLGNCVYLWSASNCKVTKLCDLGPRDSVCAV HWTREGSYLAIGTSLGDVQIWDSSRCKRIRNMGGHQTRTGVLAWSSRILSSGSRDKNI LQHDIRVPSDYISKFSGHRSEVCGLKWSHDDRELASGGNDNQLLVWNQRSQQPILRLT EHTAAVKAIAWSPHQQGLLASGGGTADRCIRFWNTVNGNMLNSVDTGSQVCNLAWCKN VNELVSTHGYSQNQIMVWKYPSMSKVATLTGHTLRVLYLAMSPDGQTIVTGAGDETLR FWNIFPSMKTQAPVRDIGLWSFSRSHIR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>144..626#735..962#1426..1605#1740..1994#2076..2180#2602..2664#2751..2819#2896..2949#tgaccgttgcaacctcatctccgctcctcttcctcctcctcgtcgtcgttgtcgtcgtcggcggcgcatccagcctcgacgtgccggcggcggtgggtggcggggcagcagacgagcaagaaagagatccctagtctctctcgatggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtgggttcccaacgttccttcttccctcttcttgggcatttccacaaacacccactgcgcaactaaaacaatcttttggtttccgatccgtgtgcgtgcgcaactcaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccaggtttccccctctcatctcctctcctctactctctactgaataaattgcctgcagcatatgattgtcttcagtttatctatctagtacttagtagtaattgttttctacactctttagatttcatcacaacaattacacaaactatatacatcaattgttccaaatatcctgaatcctgggctgatgcaattcgcttcgttcaccatctcgtatgatagatgtacactagtaaagatttgaaacataagccctattgctgaaactctaaacttttattcgattctagtactaactatcactatcacaacacgtacatacttctttcaatgtgtccaggatgtgtgcgacagttttgtctgcaaatctcaaactacctatacttgaattagcctattgtttttgttcaactctgtgaatttgttcatggctatcgagaatttgatgcatacataaattccaacagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtgagacttctaactacttccaagccataggtttttggaaaatagctcactaactatgcaagttaaaatcatcccatctcacagtaagatttcagaaccatgtatgtgcatcaagtgacagtttttttggtcaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggcgagtagttctgaacaagcctctaaaaagtagttcagtgaatttttactgtcatcctcaccagctgctttctgttttcaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggtaagcttaaattcccgtgggctgtcaagcctactaattcaccagttagacaattgtgcatcaagtaatcactcattcggataaaaacgtgaaaaaaagcagaggaagttatgtgtctgatttctcctagggttgtttccaaagaactcattcctttctgtgggccgagacattgactcatggattgcttaaacgcttaaaaggaatttagtatcaacatagttgacgagcatgtaatgcttaaaaagaacaatatcagtatggctgcaaatccaagtgaagtatttcacagggggctattttcatttgtatttgcagataaggataagagtagaataattcctttgaatttttaatatctgttcaagaaagatttccactagtgcagtaccactaagtattttatgttttcgataaacaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacaggtaaatctttttccaaactgcaaatcatgtatccggaaaaatattcctgggaatcgtcctaaatgatgcatattactcatttgcagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggtaggcatctattgttgaacacagattttatttattttgtggcttgtagcttgaactgccatattgtttgcaccaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtgaccataataggaggcaaagaaaatgcatatgtttgtatgaaacataattttctgaacttgtgcagttcttcagcgatttgtaaattgtgaggcctaattattcatttattgtttgtgtgcgcgtgtgtgtctgtgagatcgagagaaagggagaagaactcatattaacataaccaattctttgtattagaagctcataagtcggctagtttcttgtttggaatttcattgcagagaaacaagggccttgtaatttatcacaaacttatatgcttgtattattctcacacactttgtggccatttcatgacttc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001052078.1 RefSeq:Os01g0972900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

Os01g0972900

2014-06-09T13:09:44Z

Dkyjw: /* Function */

Os01g0972900

2014-06-09T13:08:50Z

Dkyjw: /* Expression */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
During the whole plant life cycle, cell division and expansion work alternately to build and control the precise size of specific organs. In addition, during cell differentiation of post-embryonic tissue, either cell expansion or endoreduplication control the final size. CCS52 protein has been reported to be involved in cell expansion and endoreduplication, the functional characterization of B-type CCS52 (CCS52B) in plants is relatively limited. Previous studies of model plants (Medicago and Arabidopsis) have proposed that MtCCS52B and AtCCS52B play a crucial role in plant cell division. Yeast overexpressing AtCCS52B had smaller cells compared to the wild type, indicating an early start of the mitotic cell division cycle. Moreover, yeast cells harboring OsCCS52B grow slower than the wild type during the cycle, as determined by the proliferation assay (Fig. 1). Another distinct phenotype is yeast cell elongation prior to division. These results indicate that OsCCS52B may function in cell expansion rather than cell division. Although the yeast cell is elongated, the nuclei size remains similar to the wild type, indicating that no additional endoreduplication cycle occurs in OsCCS52B overexpressing cells (Fig. 2). In Arabidopsis, when AtCCS52B is overexpressed in fission yeast, the cells loose polarity control. Therefore, the nuclei location is not always in the center of the cells. In contrast to this phenomenon, and presented here show that OsCCS52B overexpressing cells maintain the nuclei within the center of the cell.
To further confirm the functional role of OsCCS52B in plants, a T-DNA insertion mutant line 1B-10423 was characterized. These results indicate that OsCCS52B plays an essential role in the growth and development of rice, not only during the early developmental stage, but also during the grain filling stage. Grain filling is a critical stage, during which cereal plants modulate endosperm (seed) size due to the accumulation of photosynthates, such as starch and protein. Two main processes, endoreduplication and cell expansion, are reported to occur concomitantly with grain filling. Furthermore, endoreduplication and cell expansion might work concurrently or independently. In most cereals, successive rounds of endoreduplication start at 10 DAP and peak at 15–18 DAP. To determine whether the mutation in line 1B-10423 interferes with cellular development during endosperm formation, 15 DAP endosperm was sectioned and stained with DAPI to compare with the corresponding wild-type endosperm. Interestingly, microscopic analysis of the endosperm cells in line 1B-10423 revealed a smaller cell size without altering the nuclei size. Hence, cell size regulation in mutant seed could be separate and independent from the cell cycle progression associated with DNA endoreduplication. Therefore, OsCCS52B is more likely to be involved in the regulation of cell growth during endosperm development. Taken together with the yeast overexpression data, this result supports the hypothesis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in cell expansion rather than endoreduplication.
Previous studies have reported that the level of endoreduplication in maize endosperm does not always affect the cell size, thus providing evidence of another mechanism for seed size regulation. Thus, cell expansion and endoreduplication may be independent events and not necessarily related under certain conditions. Cell expansion during endosperm development is also regulated by the surrounding phenomena, such as embryo development. In studies using a RNAi approach, the down-regulation of Orysa;CycB1;1 increases embryo size and inhibits endosperm development. This demonstrates the effect of a physical interaction in bordering cells between the embryo and endosperm.
In fact, the cell numbers in mutant endosperm are relatively higher than those in the wild-type. This may be due to a decrease in cell size, which can stimulate a compensatory increase in cell proliferation.
In conclusion, these results provide a genetic basis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in maintaining growth and development. In addition, OsCCS52B is responsible for the normal shape and size of rice seeds via cell expansion regulation. Further study will be required to confirm whether transgenic rice overexpressing OsCCS52B alter plant morphology, especially in seed size.
[[File:Fig.1.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Yeast growth rate analysis. Growth rate of yeast transformed with pREP1 (filled circle) or pREP1-OsCCS52B (filled triangle).OD600 was measured at the indicated times (every 6 h)"type rice plants at ripening (from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Expression===
It was previously reported that Medicago CCS52B was highly expressed in shoot apices. In addition, Arabidopsis CCS52B is mainly expressed in young leaves and bolting plants. To investigate the expression pattern of OsCCS52B, RNA from vegetative and generative organs of wild-type plants was isolated and the transcription levels were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that OsCCS52B was highly expressed in young organs, both in leaves and roots. However, the expression was very weak in mature roots and barely detectable in mature leaves. In contrast to mature vegetative organs, OsCCS52B was expressed strongly in generative organs such as flowers and kernels (Fig. 3).
[[File:Fig.3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Expression pattern of OsCCS52B in wild-type plants. Total RNA was isolated from vegetative (a) and generative (b) organs of wild-type rice. The expression of rice Actin was included as a control.YL young leaves, YR young roots, ML mature leaves, MR mature roots, IM immature panicles, FL flowers, 10K kernels at 10 days after pollination, 15K kernels at 15 days after pollinationg (from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
Please input cited references here.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0972900|
Description = Similar to Clone ZZD405 mRNA sequence. (Fragment)|
Version = NM_001052078.1 GI:115442526 GeneID:4326397|
Length = 3262 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os01g0972900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:44744264..44747525|
CDS = 44744407..44744889,44744998..44745225,44745689..44745868,44746003..44746257,44746339..44746443 ,44746865..44746927,44747014..44747082,44747159..44747212|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MATDASPKPAPPRLNVPPAMAGGLRLDPAVASPARLLLDVPKTP SPSKTTYSDRFIPCRSSSRLHNFALLDRDRASPSSTTDDAPYSRLLRAEIFGPDSPSP APSSPNTNLFRFKTDHPSPKSPFAASAAATAGHYDCTAGSAESSTPRKPPRKVPKTPH KVLDAPSLQDDFYLNLVDWSSQNTLAVGLGNCVYLWSASNCKVTKLCDLGPRDSVCAV HWTREGSYLAIGTSLGDVQIWDSSRCKRIRNMGGHQTRTGVLAWSSRILSSGSRDKNI LQHDIRVPSDYISKFSGHRSEVCGLKWSHDDRELASGGNDNQLLVWNQRSQQPILRLT EHTAAVKAIAWSPHQQGLLASGGGTADRCIRFWNTVNGNMLNSVDTGSQVCNLAWCKN VNELVSTHGYSQNQIMVWKYPSMSKVATLTGHTLRVLYLAMSPDGQTIVTGAGDETLR FWNIFPSMKTQAPVRDIGLWSFSRSHIR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>144..626#735..962#1426..1605#1740..1994#2076..2180#2602..2664#2751..2819#2896..2949#tgaccgttgcaacctcatctccgctcctcttcctcctcctcgtcgtcgttgtcgtcgtcggcggcgcatccagcctcgacgtgccggcggcggtgggtggcggggcagcagacgagcaagaaagagatccctagtctctctcgatggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtgggttcccaacgttccttcttccctcttcttgggcatttccacaaacacccactgcgcaactaaaacaatcttttggtttccgatccgtgtgcgtgcgcaactcaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccaggtttccccctctcatctcctctcctctactctctactgaataaattgcctgcagcatatgattgtcttcagtttatctatctagtacttagtagtaattgttttctacactctttagatttcatcacaacaattacacaaactatatacatcaattgttccaaatatcctgaatcctgggctgatgcaattcgcttcgttcaccatctcgtatgatagatgtacactagtaaagatttgaaacataagccctattgctgaaactctaaacttttattcgattctagtactaactatcactatcacaacacgtacatacttctttcaatgtgtccaggatgtgtgcgacagttttgtctgcaaatctcaaactacctatacttgaattagcctattgtttttgttcaactctgtgaatttgttcatggctatcgagaatttgatgcatacataaattccaacagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtgagacttctaactacttccaagccataggtttttggaaaatagctcactaactatgcaagttaaaatcatcccatctcacagtaagatttcagaaccatgtatgtgcatcaagtgacagtttttttggtcaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggcgagtagttctgaacaagcctctaaaaagtagttcagtgaatttttactgtcatcctcaccagctgctttctgttttcaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggtaagcttaaattcccgtgggctgtcaagcctactaattcaccagttagacaattgtgcatcaagtaatcactcattcggataaaaacgtgaaaaaaagcagaggaagttatgtgtctgatttctcctagggttgtttccaaagaactcattcctttctgtgggccgagacattgactcatggattgcttaaacgcttaaaaggaatttagtatcaacatagttgacgagcatgtaatgcttaaaaagaacaatatcagtatggctgcaaatccaagtgaagtatttcacagggggctattttcatttgtatttgcagataaggataagagtagaataattcctttgaatttttaatatctgttcaagaaagatttccactagtgcagtaccactaagtattttatgttttcgataaacaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacaggtaaatctttttccaaactgcaaatcatgtatccggaaaaatattcctgggaatcgtcctaaatgatgcatattactcatttgcagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggtaggcatctattgttgaacacagattttatttattttgtggcttgtagcttgaactgccatattgtttgcaccaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtgaccataataggaggcaaagaaaatgcatatgtttgtatgaaacataattttctgaacttgtgcagttcttcagcgatttgtaaattgtgaggcctaattattcatttattgtttgtgtgcgcgtgtgtgtctgtgagatcgagagaaagggagaagaactcatattaacataaccaattctttgtattagaagctcataagtcggctagtttcttgtttggaatttcattgcagagaaacaagggccttgtaatttatcacaaacttatatgcttgtattattctcacacactttgtggccatttcatgacttc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001052078.1 RefSeq:Os01g0972900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

Os01g0972900

2014-06-09T13:04:42Z

Dkyjw: /* Annotated Information */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
During the whole plant life cycle, cell division and expansion work alternately to build and control the precise size of specific organs. In addition, during cell differentiation of post-embryonic tissue, either cell expansion or endoreduplication control the final size. CCS52 protein has been reported to be involved in cell expansion and endoreduplication, the functional characterization of B-type CCS52 (CCS52B) in plants is relatively limited. Previous studies of model plants (Medicago and Arabidopsis) have proposed that MtCCS52B and AtCCS52B play a crucial role in plant cell division. Yeast overexpressing AtCCS52B had smaller cells compared to the wild type, indicating an early start of the mitotic cell division cycle. Moreover, yeast cells harboring OsCCS52B grow slower than the wild type during the cycle, as determined by the proliferation assay (Fig. 1). Another distinct phenotype is yeast cell elongation prior to division. These results indicate that OsCCS52B may function in cell expansion rather than cell division. Although the yeast cell is elongated, the nuclei size remains similar to the wild type, indicating that no additional endoreduplication cycle occurs in OsCCS52B overexpressing cells (Fig. 2). In Arabidopsis, when AtCCS52B is overexpressed in fission yeast, the cells loose polarity control. Therefore, the nuclei location is not always in the center of the cells. In contrast to this phenomenon, and presented here show that OsCCS52B overexpressing cells maintain the nuclei within the center of the cell.
To further confirm the functional role of OsCCS52B in plants, a T-DNA insertion mutant line 1B-10423 was characterized. These results indicate that OsCCS52B plays an essential role in the growth and development of rice, not only during the early developmental stage, but also during the grain filling stage. Grain filling is a critical stage, during which cereal plants modulate endosperm (seed) size due to the accumulation of photosynthates, such as starch and protein. Two main processes, endoreduplication and cell expansion, are reported to occur concomitantly with grain filling. Furthermore, endoreduplication and cell expansion might work concurrently or independently. In most cereals, successive rounds of endoreduplication start at 10 DAP and peak at 15–18 DAP. To determine whether the mutation in line 1B-10423 interferes with cellular development during endosperm formation, 15 DAP endosperm was sectioned and stained with DAPI to compare with the corresponding wild-type endosperm. Interestingly, microscopic analysis of the endosperm cells in line 1B-10423 revealed a smaller cell size without altering the nuclei size. Hence, cell size regulation in mutant seed could be separate and independent from the cell cycle progression associated with DNA endoreduplication. Therefore, OsCCS52B is more likely to be involved in the regulation of cell growth during endosperm development. Taken together with the yeast overexpression data, this result supports the hypothesis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in cell expansion rather than endoreduplication.
Previous studies have reported that the level of endoreduplication in maize endosperm does not always affect the cell size, thus providing evidence of another mechanism for seed size regulation. Thus, cell expansion and endoreduplication may be independent events and not necessarily related under certain conditions. Cell expansion during endosperm development is also regulated by the surrounding phenomena, such as embryo development. In studies using a RNAi approach, the down-regulation of Orysa;CycB1;1 increases embryo size and inhibits endosperm development. This demonstrates the effect of a physical interaction in bordering cells between the embryo and endosperm.
In fact, the cell numbers in mutant endosperm are relatively higher than those in the wild-type. This may be due to a decrease in cell size, which can stimulate a compensatory increase in cell proliferation.
In conclusion, these results provide a genetic basis for the involvement of OsCCS52B in maintaining growth and development. In addition, OsCCS52B is responsible for the normal shape and size of rice seeds via cell expansion regulation. Further study will be required to confirm whether transgenic rice overexpressing OsCCS52B alter plant morphology, especially in seed size.
[[File:Fig.1.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Yeast growth rate analysis. Growth rate of yeast transformed with pREP1 (filled circle) or pREP1-OsCCS52B (filled triangle).OD600 was measured at the indicated times (every 6 h)"type rice plants at ripening (from reference<ref name="1"/>)."]]

===Expression===
It was previously reported that Medicago CCS52B was highly expressed in shoot apices. In addition, Arabidopsis CCS52B is mainly expressed in young leaves and bolting plants. To investigate the expression pattern of OsCCS52B, RNA from vegetative and generative organs of wild-type plants was isolated and the transcription levels were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that OsCCS52B was highly expressed in young organs, both in leaves and roots. However, the expression was very weak in mature roots and barely detectable in mature leaves. In contrast to mature vegetative organs, OsCCS52B was expressed strongly in generative organs such as flowers and kernels (Fig. 3).

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
Please input cited references here.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0972900|
Description = Similar to Clone ZZD405 mRNA sequence. (Fragment)|
Version = NM_001052078.1 GI:115442526 GeneID:4326397|
Length = 3262 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os01g0972900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:44744264..44747525|
CDS = 44744407..44744889,44744998..44745225,44745689..44745868,44746003..44746257,44746339..44746443 ,44746865..44746927,44747014..44747082,44747159..44747212|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:44744264..44747525
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MATDASPKPAPPRLNVPPAMAGGLRLDPAVASPARLLLDVPKTP SPSKTTYSDRFIPCRSSSRLHNFALLDRDRASPSSTTDDAPYSRLLRAEIFGPDSPSP APSSPNTNLFRFKTDHPSPKSPFAASAAATAGHYDCTAGSAESSTPRKPPRKVPKTPH KVLDAPSLQDDFYLNLVDWSSQNTLAVGLGNCVYLWSASNCKVTKLCDLGPRDSVCAV HWTREGSYLAIGTSLGDVQIWDSSRCKRIRNMGGHQTRTGVLAWSSRILSSGSRDKNI LQHDIRVPSDYISKFSGHRSEVCGLKWSHDDRELASGGNDNQLLVWNQRSQQPILRLT EHTAAVKAIAWSPHQQGLLASGGGTADRCIRFWNTVNGNMLNSVDTGSQVCNLAWCKN VNELVSTHGYSQNQIMVWKYPSMSKVATLTGHTLRVLYLAMSPDGQTIVTGAGDETLR FWNIFPSMKTQAPVRDIGLWSFSRSHIR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>144..626#735..962#1426..1605#1740..1994#2076..2180#2602..2664#2751..2819#2896..2949#tgaccgttgcaacctcatctccgctcctcttcctcctcctcgtcgtcgttgtcgtcgtcggcggcgcatccagcctcgacgtgccggcggcggtgggtggcggggcagcagacgagcaagaaagagatccctagtctctctcgatggcgacggacgcgtcccccaagccggcgccgccgcgcctcaacgtgccgccggcgatggcgggggggctccgcctcgatcccgccgtcgcctccccggcccgcctcctcctcgacgtccccaagacgccatccccttccaagaccacgtacagcgaccgcttcatcccctgccgctcctcctcccgcctccacaacttcgccctcctcgaccgcgaccgcgcctccccctcctccaccaccgacgacgccccctactcccgcctcctccgcgccgagatcttcggcccggactccccctccccggctccctcctcccccaacaccaacctcttccgcttcaagaccgaccacccctcgcccaaatcgcccttcgccgcctccgccgccgccaccgccggccactacgactgcaccgccggctccgctgaatcctccacgccgcgcaagccgcccaggaaggtccccaagaccccgcacaaggtgggttcccaacgttccttcttccctcttcttgggcatttccacaaacacccactgcgcaactaaaacaatcttttggtttccgatccgtgtgcgtgcgcaactcaggtcctggacgcgccgtcgctgcaggacgacttctacctcaatcttgtcgactggtcgtcgcagaacacgctcgccgtcggcctcgggaattgcgtctacctctggtcggcttccaattgcaaggtcaccaagctctgcgatttggggcccagggacagcgtctgcgctgtgcactggacccgagaaggctcctatcttgccatcggcaccagccttggcgatgtccaggtttccccctctcatctcctctcctctactctctactgaataaattgcctgcagcatatgattgtcttcagtttatctatctagtacttagtagtaattgttttctacactctttagatttcatcacaacaattacacaaactatatacatcaattgttccaaatatcctgaatcctgggctgatgcaattcgcttcgttcaccatctcgtatgatagatgtacactagtaaagatttgaaacataagccctattgctgaaactctaaacttttattcgattctagtactaactatcactatcacaacacgtacatacttctttcaatgtgtccaggatgtgtgcgacagttttgtctgcaaatctcaaactacctatacttgaattagcctattgtttttgttcaactctgtgaatttgttcatggctatcgagaatttgatgcatacataaattccaacagatttgggatagctctcgctgtaaacggattaggaacatgggaggacaccaaacacggactggtgtattagcatggagctcccgaatcttgtcctccggtagcagggacaagaacatattgcagcatgacatccgtgtcccaagtgactatatcagcaagttctcagggcacagatcagaggtgagacttctaactacttccaagccataggtttttggaaaatagctcactaactatgcaagttaaaatcatcccatctcacagtaagatttcagaaccatgtatgtgcatcaagtgacagtttttttggtcaggtctgtggactgaaatggtcgcacgacgaccgtgagcttgcatccggtggaaatgataatcagctgctagtatggaaccaacgttcgcagcagccgatattgaggctgacagaacacacagctgcagttaaagcaatagcatggtcaccacatcagcaaggcctcctggcatcaggtggtggaaccgctgataggtgtatcaggttctggaacacggttaatggaaacatgctgaattcagtggacacaggcagccaggcgagtagttctgaacaagcctctaaaaagtagttcagtgaatttttactgtcatcctcaccagctgctttctgttttcaggtttgtaatcttgcctggtgtaaaaatgtaaatgagcttgtgagcactcatgggtattcccaaaaccaaatcatggtgtggaagtacccatctatgtcaaaggtaagcttaaattcccgtgggctgtcaagcctactaattcaccagttagacaattgtgcatcaagtaatcactcattcggataaaaacgtgaaaaaaagcagaggaagttatgtgtctgatttctcctagggttgtttccaaagaactcattcctttctgtgggccgagacattgactcatggattgcttaaacgcttaaaaggaatttagtatcaacatagttgacgagcatgtaatgcttaaaaagaacaatatcagtatggctgcaaatccaagtgaagtatttcacagggggctattttcatttgtatttgcagataaggataagagtagaataattcctttgaatttttaatatctgttcaagaaagatttccactagtgcagtaccactaagtattttatgttttcgataaacaggttgctactctaactggacacacgctgcgagtgctttaccttgcaatgtcacctgatggacaggtaaatctttttccaaactgcaaatcatgtatccggaaaaatattcctgggaatcgtcctaaatgatgcatattactcatttgcagacaatagtaacaggagccggggatgaaaccctcagattttggaatatttttccttcaatgaagacacaggtaggcatctattgttgaacacagattttatttattttgtggcttgtagcttgaactgccatattgtttgcaccaggctcctgttcgtgatattgggctctggtcattctcgagaagccacatacggtgaccataataggaggcaaagaaaatgcatatgtttgtatgaaacataattttctgaacttgtgcagttcttcagcgatttgtaaattgtgaggcctaattattcatttattgtttgtgtgcgcgtgtgtgtctgtgagatcgagagaaagggagaagaactcatattaacataaccaattctttgtattagaagctcataagtcggctagtttcttgtttggaatttcattgcagagaaacaagggccttgtaatttatcacaaacttatatgcttgtattattctcacacactttgtggccatttcatgacttc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001052078.1 RefSeq:Os01g0972900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

File:Fig.3.jpg

2014-06-09T12:58:46Z

Dkyjw: uploaded a new version of "File:Fig.3.jpg"

The Oryza sativa short postembryonic roots 1 (OsSPR1) expression pattern revealed by GUS staining and RT-PCR. The images show the GUS staining pattern obtained in OsSPR1 promoter:GUS transgenic plants in (a) a primary root; (b) a primary root elongation zone; (c) a primary root tip; (d) a mature lateral root; (e) the base of a mature lateral root; (f) a mature lateral root tip; (g) an elongating lateral root; (h) an elongating lateral root tip; (i) the node region of a young uppermost internode; (j) an auricle; (k) a cross-section of an uppermost node; (l) a cross-section of a stem; (m) young spikelets; (n) flowering spikelets; (o) the pedicel of a young panicle; (p) pistils; (q) a stem; (r) a leaf. Bars: (a, d, g, k–p) 100 lm; (i, j, q, r) 200 lm; (b, c, e, f, h) 50 lm. (s) Expression pattern of OsSPR1 obtained using RT-PCR. cDNA was amplified from the root (R), stem base (SB), stem (S), leaf (L), and panicles (P) for the wild type (WT) and spr1 mutant (mutant), respectively.