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Os07g0605200

2014-06-03T10:20:02Z

Little top: /* References */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
Please input function information here.

OsMADS18 from rice (Oryza sativa) belongs to the phylogenetically defined AP1/SQUA group. The MADS box genes of this group have functions in plant development, like controlling the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, determination of floral organ identity, and regulation of fruit maturation.

RNAi-Mediated Silencing of OsMADS18

We used an RNAi-based approach to silence OsMADS18 in rice. A specific portion of the OsMADS18 cDNA, lacking the highly conserved MADS box and part of the I region, was cloned in antisense and sense orientation in an RNAi expression cassette, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. The construct was transformed into rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A total of 31 independent hygromycin-resistant calli were obtained. For each of these calli one regenerated plant was analyzed in detail. The RNAi approach proved to be very efficient in silencing OsMADS18 since 60% of the lines showed reduction of transcript levels to various degrees (Fig. 4). For more than 80% of these lines OsMADS18 mRNAs could not be detected by northern-blot analysis while the remaining 20% still expressed OsMADS18, although very weakly. Both the 31 T0 plants and the T1 progeny of 10 selected transformants were normal in development. No visible alterations were observed in panicleand flower morphology. Furthermore, we analyzed these plants for differences in flowering time under inductive short day (12 h light/12 h dark) and non-inductive long day (16 h light/8 h dark) conditions.This analysis showed that the flowering time of the RNAi plants is comparable to wild-type plants (data not shown). These observations suggest that other genes are possibly redundant with OsMADS18. Possible candidates for such a role, as inferred from phylogenetic analysis, are OsMADS14, OsMADS15,and/or OsMADS20 (Lee et al., 2003).

[[File:Expression analysis on.png]]

Figure 4. Expression analysis on OsMADS18 RNAi primary transformants. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of regenerated plants and used for northern-blot analysis. Hybridization was done using a probe specific for OsMADS18. Each lane represents an independent transformant. p1E and p4D are samples taken from two independent plants transformed with the empty vector. RNA quality and equal loading was checked by ethidium bromide staining (lower section).

Overexpression of OsMADS18 in Rice

To address the function of OsMADS18 in rice，we constructed an overexpression cassette, fusing the OsMADS18 coding sequence with the strong CaMV35S promoter. Twenty-seven independent transgenic lines that overexpressed the transgene at different levels were identified (data not shown). Four of these plants that showed the highest levels of OsMADS18 expression remained very small in size and flowered at 105 d after germination compared to wild-type plants which flower at 140 d after germination(Fig. 5A). Two of them (501S and 1102S) were selected for further studies. Expression analysis of progeny plants of line 501S and 1102S demonstrated that OsMADS18 overexpression segregated with the early flowering phenotype (data not shown).In order to test whether OsMADS18 overexpression affected only the transition to flowering or had a broader effect on rice development, we carried out a detailed morphological analysis on plants,ranging from 0 to 30 d after germination (Fig. 5D). The first effects can already be observed 5 d after germination (Fig. 5, B and C). At this time leaves of transgenic plants are still enclosed by the coleoptile, while wild-type leaves are already emerging from it. After 7 d from germination wild-type plants are about 12 mm long while the transgenic 501S and 1102S plants are 5.5 mm on average (Fig. 5D). Lines 501S and 1102S stay smaller than wild-type plants and this effect is due to a lower rate of internode elongation (Fig. 6, D–G) and a reduction in the length of the leaf sheath. Despite this difference, leaf number is comparable between wild-type and transgenic lines. Regardless of this deficiency in elongation ability, mutant lines form axillary meristems earlier than wild-type plants. These axillary buds are visible in lines overexpressing OsMADS18 after 7 d from germination (Fig. 6, A and B), whereas in wild-type plants these buds develop only after 15d, from germination (Fig. 6C and Supplemental Fig. 1, available at www.plantphysiol.org). Furthermore, in the leaves of the transgenic plants the aerenchyma differentiates earlier than in wild-type plants and the aerenchyma cavities are larger (Fig. 6, A and B). We also monitored the effects on root development in the transgenic lines 501S and 1102S. Microscopic analysis revealed that the adventitious root primordia develop at the same time as in wild-type plants although their number was reduced in these transgenic lines. Furthermore, at early stages the adventitious root elongation in lines 501S and 1102S is slower compared to wild-type plants (Fig. 5D; Supplemental Table I). The differences between wild-type and transgenic lines are more evident shortly after germination but, as the plants proceed in development, the developmental gap between wild-type and transgenic lines is progressively reduced (Fig. 5D; Supplemental Table I). After 30 d from germination the number and length of adventitious roots in wild-type and transgenic lines are comparable although in the transgenic lines the aerenchyma is still at a more advanced stage of development (Fig. 6, H and I).

[[File:figure5-1.png]]

[[File:figure5-2.png]]

Figure 5. Analysis of 35S:OsMADS18 plants. A, Transgenic plants overexpressing OsMADS18 (a and c) flower earlier compared to wild type (b). The arrows indicate the emerging inflorescences of the transgenic plants. B and C, Stereomicroscope images of a wild-type (B) and 35S:OsMADS18 seedling (C) 5 d after germination. The leaves of the transgenic plant are enclosed in the coleoptile (C),whereas hypocotyl elongation and leaf expansion have already occurred in the wild type (B). Bars represent 1 mm. D, Mean length of adventitious roots (first row), and mean length of the culm (second row) of wild-type (gray columns) and 35S:OsMADS18 lines (black columns) after 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 d from germination. Bars indicate the SEs of the means.

[[File:figure6-1.png]]

[[File:figure6-2.png]]

Figure 6. Histological analysis of 35S:OsMADS18 transgenic plants (A, D, F, and H) and of wild-type plants (B, C, E, G, and I) at various days from germination. A to C, H, and I are transverse sections, D to G are longitudinal sections. A and B, Axillary bud (arrow) differentiated in 35S:OSMADS18 lines (A) and not in the wild-type plants (B) after 7 d (sections at the same distance from the shoot apex). The differentiation of aerenchyma (a) is more precocious in transgenic than in wild-type plants. C, The axillary bud (arrow) is present in the wild type after 15 d. D and E (day 30), Internodes are shorter in the 35S:OSMADS18 lines (D) compared to the wild type (E). The arrows show the meristematic regions of the nodes. F and G, Close-up pictures of D and E, showing the shoot region with two apical nodes at higher magnification. H and I, Comparison between the adventitious roots of transgenic plants (H) and wild type (I). Root cortex aerenchyma (a) is more developed in transgenic plants. (Bars represent 100 mm in A–E and G; bars represent 50 mm in F and H–I).

===Expression===
Please input expression information here.

OsMADS18 is widely expressed in rice with its transcripts accumulated to higher levels in meristems.Expression of OsMADS18 in Arabidopsis Causes an ap1 Mutant Phenotype AP1/SQUA-like genes, when overexpressed, generally cause an early flowering phenotype. To investigate whether OsMADS18 also induces early flowering in Arabidopsis we ectopically expressed OsMADS18 in this heterologous system. No significant effect on flowering time was observed, however, surprisingly, 10% of the plants (of a total of 100 transformants) showed floral phenotypes that were very similar to the ap1 mutant (Fig. 7H; Irish and Sussex, 1990; Bowmanet al., 1993). The mildest phenotypes show only a reduction in sepal and petal size (Fig. 7B). The result is that the pistil is not enclosed by the perianth organs and protrudes from the flower. Plants having an intermediate phenotype have flowers that in the first whorl develop leaf-like organs bearing stellate trichomes, which is typical for cauline leaves (Fig. 7C), while wild-type sepals have simple trichomes(Fig. 7A).Around 5% of the plants showed more severe phenotypes. Some of the first-whorl organs were homeotically converted to carpelloid organs on which ovules developed (Fig. 7F). In these severely affected flowers the petals were, in general, completely absent (Fig. 7, E and F). Frequently the most affected plants had flowers from which extra flowers arose from the axils of the first whorl organs (Fig. 7) and this pattern was reiterated producing tertiary and even quaternary flowers (Fig. 7G).

[[File:figure7-1.png]]

[[File:figure7-2.png]]

Figure 7. OsMADS18 overexpression in Arabidopsis. A, Wild-type flower. B, Weakly affected flower showing reduction in the size of petals and sepals. C, Weakly affected flower in which normal petals develop and sepals are converted into leaf-like structures that differentiate stellate trichomes (arrow). D and E, Strongly affected flowers that develop a new flower at the axil of a first whorl organ. F, Severe flower phenotype in which first whorl organs develop carpelloid characteristics. Stigmatic papillae are evident at the tip of the organs and ovules develop along their margins. G, Tertiary and quaternary flowers arise at the axil of the first whorl organs in most affected flowers. H, An ap1-10 mutant flower.

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

In CaMV35S:OsMADS18 Arabidopsis Plants AP1 Expression Is Not Affected

One of the possible explanations for the ap1 phenotypes that we observed in the Arabidopsis plants that expressed OsMADS18 could be that in these transgenic plants the expression of the endogenous AP1 gene is repressed. To verify this possibility we per-check for the expression of AP1 in these transgenic plants. Figure 8 shows the RT-PCR products obtained using RNA extracted from transgenic and control wild-type flowers. These analyses show that AP1 expression is not affected in these transgenic plants.

[[File:figure8.png]]

Figure 8. RT-PCR on leaves of wild-type and transgenic 35S:OsMADS18 plants. 1, OsMADS18 overexpressing line showing no visible phenotype. 2 to 4, OsMADS18 overexpressing lines showing flower phenotypes described in Figure 7D, F, and G, respectively.+, positive control.

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==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
Please input cited references here.

Bowman JL, Alvarez J, Weigel D, Meyerowitz EM, Smyth DR (1993) Control of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana by APETALA1 and interacting genes. Development 119: 721–743

Fabio Fornara, Lucie Parenicova, Giuseppina Falasca, Nilla Pelucchi, Simona Masiero, et al (2004) Functional Characterization of OsMADS18, a Member of the AP1/SQUA Subfamily of MADS Box Genes.Plant Physiol. 13: 2207-2219

Lee S, Kim J, Son JS, Nam J, Jeong DH, Lee K, Jang S, Yoo J, Lee J, Lee DY, et al (2003) Systematic reverse genetic screening of T-DNA tagged genes in rice for functional genomic analyses: MADS box genes as a test case.Plant Cell Physiol 44: 1403–1411

Irish VF, Sussex IM (1990) Function of the apetala-1 gene during Arabi-dopsis floral development. Plant Cell 2: 741–753

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os07g0605200|
Description = MADS box transcription factor 18 (OsMADS18) (MADS box protein 2) (MADS box protein 28) (FDRMADS7)|
Version = NM_001066760.1 GI:115473252 GeneID:4343851|
Length = 5204 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os07g0605200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 7|Chromosome 7]]|
AP = Chromosome 7:25448633..25453836|
CDS = 25448722..25448906,25451634..25451712,25451807..25451871,25451951..25452050,25452166..25452207 ,25452799..25452837,25452934..25453067,25453482..25453587|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008400:25448633..25453836
source=RiceChromosome07
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008400:25448633..25453836
source=RiceChromosome07
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggggagagggccggtgcagctgcggcggatcgagaacaagataaacaggcaggtgaccttctccaagcggaggaacgggctgctgaagaaggcgcacgagatctccgtgctctgtgacgccgacgtcgcgctcatcgtcttctccaccaagggcaagctctacgagttctccagccactccagtatggaagggatccttgaacgctaccagcgttactcgtttgatgaaagagccgtactggagccaaatactgaggaccaggaaaactggggtgatgaatatggaattttgaagtccaaactggatgcacttcagaagagccaaaggcaactcttaggtgaacaattggacacactaacaataaaagaactccagcaattggaacatcaactggaatattctctgaagcatataagatcaaaaaagaatcagcttctgtttgaatcaatttctgagcttcagaagaaggaaaagtcacttaaaaaccagaataatgttctgcaaaagctcatggagacagaaaaggagaaaaacaatgctataataaacactaaccgggaggagcaaaatggagcaacaccaagcacatcatcaccaacaccagtgacggctccagatcccatcccgacaacaaataacagtcaaagccaaccaagaggatcaggggagtcagaagctcaaccgtctccggcacaagcaggcaacagcaagcttccgccatggatgctccggacaagtcacacatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MGRGPVQLRRIENKINRQVTFSKRRNGLLKKAHEISVLCDADVA LIVFSTKGKLYEFSSHSSMEGILERYQRYSFDERAVLEPNTEDQENWGDEYGILKSKL DALQKSQRQLLGEQLDTLTIKELQQLEHQLEYSLKHIRSKKNQLLFESISELQKKEKS LKNQNNVLQKLMETEKEKNNAIINTNREEQNGATPSTSSPTPVTAPDPIPTTNNSQSQ PRGSGESEAQPSPAQAGNSKLPPWMLRTSHT</aaseq>|
DNA = 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Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001066760.1 RefSeq:Os07g0605200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 7]]
[[Category:Chromosome 7]]

Os07g0605200

2014-06-02T10:54:52Z

Little top: /* Evolution */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
Please input function information here.

OsMADS18 from rice (Oryza sativa) belongs to the phylogenetically defined AP1/SQUA group. The MADS box genes of this group have functions in plant development, like controlling the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, determination of floral organ identity, and regulation of fruit maturation.

RNAi-Mediated Silencing of OsMADS18

We used an RNAi-based approach to silence OsMADS18 in rice. A specific portion of the OsMADS18 cDNA, lacking the highly conserved MADS box and part of the I region, was cloned in antisense and sense orientation in an RNAi expression cassette, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. The construct was transformed into rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A total of 31 independent hygromycin-resistant calli were obtained. For each of these calli one regenerated plant was analyzed in detail. The RNAi approach proved to be very efficient in silencing OsMADS18 since 60% of the lines showed reduction of transcript levels to various degrees (Fig. 4). For more than 80% of these lines OsMADS18 mRNAs could not be detected by northern-blot analysis while the remaining 20% still expressed OsMADS18, although very weakly. Both the 31 T0 plants and the T1 progeny of 10 selected transformants were normal in development. No visible alterations were observed in panicleand flower morphology. Furthermore, we analyzed these plants for differences in flowering time under inductive short day (12 h light/12 h dark) and non-inductive long day (16 h light/8 h dark) conditions.This analysis showed that the flowering time of the RNAi plants is comparable to wild-type plants (data not shown). These observations suggest that other genes are possibly redundant with OsMADS18. Possible candidates for such a role, as inferred from phylogenetic analysis, are OsMADS14, OsMADS15,and/or OsMADS20 (Lee et al., 2003).

[[File:Expression analysis on.png]]

Figure 4. Expression analysis on OsMADS18 RNAi primary transformants. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of regenerated plants and used for northern-blot analysis. Hybridization was done using a probe specific for OsMADS18. Each lane represents an independent transformant. p1E and p4D are samples taken from two independent plants transformed with the empty vector. RNA quality and equal loading was checked by ethidium bromide staining (lower section).

Overexpression of OsMADS18 in Rice

To address the function of OsMADS18 in rice，we constructed an overexpression cassette, fusing the OsMADS18 coding sequence with the strong CaMV35S promoter. Twenty-seven independent transgenic lines that overexpressed the transgene at different levels were identified (data not shown). Four of these plants that showed the highest levels of OsMADS18 expression remained very small in size and flowered at 105 d after germination compared to wild-type plants which flower at 140 d after germination(Fig. 5A). Two of them (501S and 1102S) were selected for further studies. Expression analysis of progeny plants of line 501S and 1102S demonstrated that OsMADS18 overexpression segregated with the early flowering phenotype (data not shown).In order to test whether OsMADS18 overexpression affected only the transition to flowering or had a broader effect on rice development, we carried out a detailed morphological analysis on plants,ranging from 0 to 30 d after germination (Fig. 5D). The first effects can already be observed 5 d after germination (Fig. 5, B and C). At this time leaves of transgenic plants are still enclosed by the coleoptile, while wild-type leaves are already emerging from it. After 7 d from germination wild-type plants are about 12 mm long while the transgenic 501S and 1102S plants are 5.5 mm on average (Fig. 5D). Lines 501S and 1102S stay smaller than wild-type plants and this effect is due to a lower rate of internode elongation (Fig. 6, D–G) and a reduction in the length of the leaf sheath. Despite this difference, leaf number is comparable between wild-type and transgenic lines. Regardless of this deficiency in elongation ability, mutant lines form axillary meristems earlier than wild-type plants. These axillary buds are visible in lines overexpressing OsMADS18 after 7 d from germination (Fig. 6, A and B), whereas in wild-type plants these buds develop only after 15d, from germination (Fig. 6C and Supplemental Fig. 1, available at www.plantphysiol.org). Furthermore, in the leaves of the transgenic plants the aerenchyma differentiates earlier than in wild-type plants and the aerenchyma cavities are larger (Fig. 6, A and B). We also monitored the effects on root development in the transgenic lines 501S and 1102S. Microscopic analysis revealed that the adventitious root primordia develop at the same time as in wild-type plants although their number was reduced in these transgenic lines. Furthermore, at early stages the adventitious root elongation in lines 501S and 1102S is slower compared to wild-type plants (Fig. 5D; Supplemental Table I). The differences between wild-type and transgenic lines are more evident shortly after germination but, as the plants proceed in development, the developmental gap between wild-type and transgenic lines is progressively reduced (Fig. 5D; Supplemental Table I). After 30 d from germination the number and length of adventitious roots in wild-type and transgenic lines are comparable although in the transgenic lines the aerenchyma is still at a more advanced stage of development (Fig. 6, H and I).

[[File:figure5-1.png]]

[[File:figure5-2.png]]

Figure 5. Analysis of 35S:OsMADS18 plants. A, Transgenic plants overexpressing OsMADS18 (a and c) flower earlier compared to wild type (b). The arrows indicate the emerging inflorescences of the transgenic plants. B and C, Stereomicroscope images of a wild-type (B) and 35S:OsMADS18 seedling (C) 5 d after germination. The leaves of the transgenic plant are enclosed in the coleoptile (C),whereas hypocotyl elongation and leaf expansion have already occurred in the wild type (B). Bars represent 1 mm. D, Mean length of adventitious roots (first row), and mean length of the culm (second row) of wild-type (gray columns) and 35S:OsMADS18 lines (black columns) after 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 d from germination. Bars indicate the SEs of the means.

[[File:figure6-1.png]]

[[File:figure6-2.png]]

Figure 6. Histological analysis of 35S:OsMADS18 transgenic plants (A, D, F, and H) and of wild-type plants (B, C, E, G, and I) at various days from germination. A to C, H, and I are transverse sections, D to G are longitudinal sections. A and B, Axillary bud (arrow) differentiated in 35S:OSMADS18 lines (A) and not in the wild-type plants (B) after 7 d (sections at the same distance from the shoot apex). The differentiation of aerenchyma (a) is more precocious in transgenic than in wild-type plants. C, The axillary bud (arrow) is present in the wild type after 15 d. D and E (day 30), Internodes are shorter in the 35S:OSMADS18 lines (D) compared to the wild type (E). The arrows show the meristematic regions of the nodes. F and G, Close-up pictures of D and E, showing the shoot region with two apical nodes at higher magnification. H and I, Comparison between the adventitious roots of transgenic plants (H) and wild type (I). Root cortex aerenchyma (a) is more developed in transgenic plants. (Bars represent 100 mm in A–E and G; bars represent 50 mm in F and H–I).

===Expression===
Please input expression information here.

OsMADS18 is widely expressed in rice with its transcripts accumulated to higher levels in meristems.Expression of OsMADS18 in Arabidopsis Causes an ap1 Mutant Phenotype AP1/SQUA-like genes, when overexpressed, generally cause an early flowering phenotype. To investigate whether OsMADS18 also induces early flowering in Arabidopsis we ectopically expressed OsMADS18 in this heterologous system. No significant effect on flowering time was observed, however, surprisingly, 10% of the plants (of a total of 100 transformants) showed floral phenotypes that were very similar to the ap1 mutant (Fig. 7H; Irish and Sussex, 1990; Bowmanet al., 1993). The mildest phenotypes show only a reduction in sepal and petal size (Fig. 7B). The result is that the pistil is not enclosed by the perianth organs and protrudes from the flower. Plants having an intermediate phenotype have flowers that in the first whorl develop leaf-like organs bearing stellate trichomes, which is typical for cauline leaves (Fig. 7C), while wild-type sepals have simple trichomes(Fig. 7A).Around 5% of the plants showed more severe phenotypes. Some of the first-whorl organs were homeotically converted to carpelloid organs on which ovules developed (Fig. 7F). In these severely affected flowers the petals were, in general, completely absent (Fig. 7, E and F). Frequently the most affected plants had flowers from which extra flowers arose from the axils of the first whorl organs (Fig. 7) and this pattern was reiterated producing tertiary and even quaternary flowers (Fig. 7G).

[[File:figure7-1.png]]

[[File:figure7-2.png]]

Figure 7. OsMADS18 overexpression in Arabidopsis. A, Wild-type flower. B, Weakly affected flower showing reduction in the size of petals and sepals. C, Weakly affected flower in which normal petals develop and sepals are converted into leaf-like structures that differentiate stellate trichomes (arrow). D and E, Strongly affected flowers that develop a new flower at the axil of a first whorl organ. F, Severe flower phenotype in which first whorl organs develop carpelloid characteristics. Stigmatic papillae are evident at the tip of the organs and ovules develop along their margins. G, Tertiary and quaternary flowers arise at the axil of the first whorl organs in most affected flowers. H, An ap1-10 mutant flower.

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

In CaMV35S:OsMADS18 Arabidopsis Plants AP1 Expression Is Not Affected

One of the possible explanations for the ap1 phenotypes that we observed in the Arabidopsis plants that expressed OsMADS18 could be that in these transgenic plants the expression of the endogenous AP1 gene is repressed. To verify this possibility we per-check for the expression of AP1 in these transgenic plants. Figure 8 shows the RT-PCR products obtained using RNA extracted from transgenic and control wild-type flowers. These analyses show that AP1 expression is not affected in these transgenic plants.

[[File:figure8.png]]

Figure 8. RT-PCR on leaves of wild-type and transgenic 35S:OsMADS18 plants. 1, OsMADS18 overexpressing line showing no visible phenotype. 2 to 4, OsMADS18 overexpressing lines showing flower phenotypes described in Figure 7D, F, and G, respectively.+, positive control.

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
Please input cited references here.

Bowman JL, Alvarez J, Weigel D, Meyerowitz EM, Smyth DR (1993) Control of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana by APETALA1 and interacting genes. Development 119: 721–743

Lee S, Kim J, Son JS, Nam J, Jeong DH, Lee K, Jang S, Yoo J, Lee J, Lee DY, et al (2003) Systematic reverse genetic screening of T-DNA tagged genes in rice for functional genomic analyses: MADS box genes as a test case.Plant Cell Physiol 44: 1403–1411

Irish VF, Sussex IM (1990) Function of the apetala-1 gene during Arabi-dopsis floral development. Plant Cell 2: 741–753

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os07g0605200|
Description = MADS box transcription factor 18 (OsMADS18) (MADS box protein 2) (MADS box protein 28) (FDRMADS7)|
Version = NM_001066760.1 GI:115473252 GeneID:4343851|
Length = 5204 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os07g0605200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 7|Chromosome 7]]|
AP = Chromosome 7:25448633..25453836|
CDS = 25448722..25448906,25451634..25451712,25451807..25451871,25451951..25452050,25452166..25452207 ,25452799..25452837,25452934..25453067,25453482..25453587|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008400:25448633..25453836
source=RiceChromosome07
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008400:25448633..25453836
source=RiceChromosome07
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggggagagggccggtgcagctgcggcggatcgagaacaagataaacaggcaggtgaccttctccaagcggaggaacgggctgctgaagaaggcgcacgagatctccgtgctctgtgacgccgacgtcgcgctcatcgtcttctccaccaagggcaagctctacgagttctccagccactccagtatggaagggatccttgaacgctaccagcgttactcgtttgatgaaagagccgtactggagccaaatactgaggaccaggaaaactggggtgatgaatatggaattttgaagtccaaactggatgcacttcagaagagccaaaggcaactcttaggtgaacaattggacacactaacaataaaagaactccagcaattggaacatcaactggaatattctctgaagcatataagatcaaaaaagaatcagcttctgtttgaatcaatttctgagcttcagaagaaggaaaagtcacttaaaaaccagaataatgttctgcaaaagctcatggagacagaaaaggagaaaaacaatgctataataaacactaaccgggaggagcaaaatggagcaacaccaagcacatcatcaccaacaccagtgacggctccagatcccatcccgacaacaaataacagtcaaagccaaccaagaggatcaggggagtcagaagctcaaccgtctccggcacaagcaggcaacagcaagcttccgccatggatgctccggacaagtcacacatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MGRGPVQLRRIENKINRQVTFSKRRNGLLKKAHEISVLCDADVA LIVFSTKGKLYEFSSHSSMEGILERYQRYSFDERAVLEPNTEDQENWGDEYGILKSKL DALQKSQRQLLGEQLDTLTIKELQQLEHQLEYSLKHIRSKKNQLLFESISELQKKEKS LKNQNNVLQKLMETEKEKNNAIINTNREEQNGATPSTSSPTPVTAPDPIPTTNNSQSQ PRGSGESEAQPSPAQAGNSKLPPWMLRTSHT</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>90..274#3002..3080#3175..3239#3319..3418#3534..3575#4167..4205#4302..4435#4850..4955#ctccccccatttccatcttccccgagctctccaccctccacccgccaccgccaccgccgccttcgccgccgccgccgccgccgacgacgatggggagagggccggtgcagctgcggcggatcgagaacaagataaacaggcaggtgaccttctccaagcggaggaacgggctgctgaagaaggcgcacgagatctccgtgctctgtgacgccgacgtcgcgctcatcgtcttctccaccaagggcaagctctacgagttctccagccactccaggtacgcacgcgcttagctcctcctcctcctcctcctcctctccgcgacctcccgcctacctacgtagtacggcccatgcccgtcgcctttcctcgccgcgcgcgcgccatgggcgagctcgcggagctccccgttcctgggcggcttgttgatgcgttcgatttcgtttcgtacgggttcctgccttgtgttcgatcgtttccgctgcggaatgcgagggggctggtggtgttggtgcgtgtacgattgctattatttcgtgctgattgatttctctcatgtgctctctgattgcacatacggttcatggctttgtacgtgttcgttcgtgcgattgctgcttagctcgggatggagttgctcgcgaagtctagctagttgtaggttgcttgtgtcccctggattacagctctctatgtgatgctggcatgctgctgctgctgctgccatgcatatcagaagctagtaatatacagtggtggtacatgcactgttgctgatttagctttatatgctgctcagttttgttcttggggactcatcaatcatcgtagcattggtgaacacgttcacttccatttttttttgtataaaaaggaatggaataataggtgaaaaaaaattcatgtgcttcatcagtacgggcggaaagaaagatatgtttaaattttaattagtgtgcttatctaggtttatcatatgcttatactcttgtgtactgtagcatatacaagtgatgcttattaccaaagcctagctaggccggtaaacttgtattatttgtctcgttatttctggaaatcattagagcagcacttcagttgaaatatgcacggacgccttgctaattaagcggctcctctaaccaggccagtaaggtcttaagttactgacaactcctggactggtataaatggcgcggccagctttacatgacatatggtttgatacttttgtttagttaatttcgaggtggaatataaggtgaccagcttacttaacttgttcatttgatgcattcggtttcatttccctttttttttttaagataatgggaagtaaattaatacccggccttgctttaactgaaactacaactttcttttgtccctttagtgtgtactgtcaccaagttagctatacatggtgcaagttgccattgcccattgctattaacttgctctcacaaattggggtgtttatttcttgaaatggattttttaggacaacaataaactgattgacatagctatactgttcaagtataaccatgtttatggttttcaattaagcaaactgcttatgtttatgctaatatcttttgtttaatgggaggaatttaaatatttcattattggtattcctatactctattatttcataatatttggcaattttgaccggtgattgcttcagtttaaccattaatatcttttaaaatttatgattatgatggatgggatttatatctctatatttaccattaccatgtaacatactttaataatatgttacataatctaatactaaaagtttatttataaaattggaatggccaaactaaaacaatgcgaacttaaaatcaccaagtattatgaaatggagggagcataatatcagtagctcgtaagggaaaaaagggacctaaatgatgccttttgtgataaatataatttcaaatttgcaaaatttttggataggcaacaatactctctcattattgtgttagtattaaggtcaagctacttctatgctaccaaatactccttctgttcctttttttatttcttgtctaggatattgacattatccctaacacacatctttctttgtatgatcatctactcataaaatagttaaaatataactacattattcaattatgaatctatgaatgttatttttatacaccgagttgggaactattctaaactctcgaggggacatcccctcattatctgcatgttatccaaacggttgtgaaaaaaattgaaaaaaaataaacaagatagattaatatgtgataaatcactccacaaacatgcaaggacaaattcaaattctacaagttgcaatgaaaaaattaaatttgaccgtgaatatacattaactagccatagtttaatttttttttgttgtaacttgtagaagttgaatttgaacttgcatgtttgtgaagtaatctatcacatattaatctatcttgtcgatttttttttaaaaaaatcataaccatttagatgacatgcaaaaaacgaggggatgttcccttgagagtttagaatccattctccagtgagttgatgttgagatttgattacacatttcaaaacgacttttatttgttaacgaagggagtaatgtggattcaccatatgtactaatgttattaaggccagataatcctttttttaatcattctaattagatataaacttacgacgaagaacatgaatggataaagtttcagccaacaaatacaaatgtttttcaaagtgctatttctgatgcataatttttgtagcagttatgatttaaatttatacatggataatttgaataatggatcctacttttgtagttgtcacctgacaagccttaagaattattgagggtacaaaaattataactgtgcatttgtttgatattgctctaagactatgcttggcatcatcttttgatgcattggtcaaaccaaagcataatcatgtgatacttcttctgtagtatggaagggatccttgaacgctaccagcgttactcgtttgatgaaagagccgtactggagccaaatactgaggaccaggtaaaaaaacatccctgactgttggagaactatctccggctgtttatttaactagctggttagttatctgatcttgatattcattttctcctaggaaaactggggtgatgaatatggaattttgaagtccaaactggatgcacttcagaagagccaaaggtactgcaaactttcttaagaaattttcactttggtaacaagattatgctaacttgagttggtctatctactgctcaaggcaactcttaggtgaacaattggacacactaacaataaaagaactccagcaattggaacatcaactggaatattctctgaagcatataagatcaaaaaaggtgaaatttgtgtccattatgcactgttgactgagggatcaaatttgcttgatttaattatttccaactaatctttgaaaacatcattactttcctttttgtttttcttttgcagaatcagcttctgtttgaatcaatttctgagcttcagaagaaggtaggttaccctcaatgtggctccttaaatagcaatgtagcagtctgtttataccatattgttttggagtattaaagttgcattcaaacaattttcagacaactaactcttcttgccttctaccagaatatattcatgtaaaacatgtcttttggcaattctagaaattccattataagaagaaatcattagtcaatttgaatcacctaaggaactaacgagaagccacttgtcttggtcatattgtgggaaatgcacaatgttgtcaaatgggtataacaggaaagtcgccatcaatgtatatattctaggggagagagaacagactaagtcagactacgttgtaaaattgaacattctacgggaaaataaatcttcgatgcatatggcaaggacttgaccgttagccttttacgcaataatgtatgcataaacatagggaaaaaaaaggacctgcactactgattgttactgtatctgatctggcaagtggcaacagagccatgttaatattgtgctgagaaatggacgaagttgatataggttcgtgctgatgaatattcttacaatctgctatcttcctgtctgcaggaaaagtcacttaaaaaccagaataatgttctgcaaaaggtaaatttcattcttgtttacaacaatgttttatatcagatcactacaaaagctgtattggaggtcaaacccttttgtctacattcttcggagcagctcatggagacagaaaaggagaaaaacaatgctataataaacactaaccgggaggagcaaaatggagcaacaccaagcacatcatcaccaacaccagtgacggctccagatcccatcccgacaacaaataacaggtaccgcttttacttccatatattttgcccctgcactcaccataaataaaacaaaactctgttttgttcttcagcaaatttttattctatattttttcttttatcagacttccattatctatcacagttcagtagtttttgatggtctatgcctaggaaacttaatccggtgaaatttgttcaatcaaatgctgccggtctatttcatatggctattggaagtttggaacaaataagcccaggcctgaaagcgcctgaaccaaacagtgaaaaagcctccaaatggtttggtctcagcttgatatatcatgtctgaacaataacttgacgttaggaatgatctagcatgttactactatttcatcaactccattgtctgttttagttatgctgtttttcctcatcttaattcagtcaaagccaaccaagaggatcaggggagtcagaagctcaaccgtctccggcacaagcaggcaacagcaagcttccgccatggatgctccggacaagtcacacatgaaggcatctgttgatctcaaacgtcactccactcaatggccaacatcaacatgtttcttccaactaaggcagccactgttgtgcaatccatcttccagcgatattgatatatcggcattcggcatagccaatatatattaatgtaatgtatcttgtcaaagcttcatagggttaatgacgccttgagcttctctgttctatatctgtcttgtaacgatctttgcatatctgctgcatttttttttctctc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001066760.1 RefSeq:Os07g0605200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 7]]
[[Category:Chromosome 7]]

File:Figure8.png

2014-06-02T10:51:13Z

Little top:

Os07g0605200

2014-06-02T10:48:47Z

Little top: /* Expression */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
Please input function information here.

OsMADS18 from rice (Oryza sativa) belongs to the phylogenetically defined AP1/SQUA group. The MADS box genes of this group have functions in plant development, like controlling the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, determination of floral organ identity, and regulation of fruit maturation.

RNAi-Mediated Silencing of OsMADS18

We used an RNAi-based approach to silence OsMADS18 in rice. A specific portion of the OsMADS18 cDNA, lacking the highly conserved MADS box and part of the I region, was cloned in antisense and sense orientation in an RNAi expression cassette, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. The construct was transformed into rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A total of 31 independent hygromycin-resistant calli were obtained. For each of these calli one regenerated plant was analyzed in detail. The RNAi approach proved to be very efficient in silencing OsMADS18 since 60% of the lines showed reduction of transcript levels to various degrees (Fig. 4). For more than 80% of these lines OsMADS18 mRNAs could not be detected by northern-blot analysis while the remaining 20% still expressed OsMADS18, although very weakly. Both the 31 T0 plants and the T1 progeny of 10 selected transformants were normal in development. No visible alterations were observed in panicleand flower morphology. Furthermore, we analyzed these plants for differences in flowering time under inductive short day (12 h light/12 h dark) and non-inductive long day (16 h light/8 h dark) conditions.This analysis showed that the flowering time of the RNAi plants is comparable to wild-type plants (data not shown). These observations suggest that other genes are possibly redundant with OsMADS18. Possible candidates for such a role, as inferred from phylogenetic analysis, are OsMADS14, OsMADS15,and/or OsMADS20 (Lee et al., 2003).

[[File:Expression analysis on.png]]

Figure 4. Expression analysis on OsMADS18 RNAi primary transformants. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of regenerated plants and used for northern-blot analysis. Hybridization was done using a probe specific for OsMADS18. Each lane represents an independent transformant. p1E and p4D are samples taken from two independent plants transformed with the empty vector. RNA quality and equal loading was checked by ethidium bromide staining (lower section).

Overexpression of OsMADS18 in Rice

To address the function of OsMADS18 in rice，we constructed an overexpression cassette, fusing the OsMADS18 coding sequence with the strong CaMV35S promoter. Twenty-seven independent transgenic lines that overexpressed the transgene at different levels were identified (data not shown). Four of these plants that showed the highest levels of OsMADS18 expression remained very small in size and flowered at 105 d after germination compared to wild-type plants which flower at 140 d after germination(Fig. 5A). Two of them (501S and 1102S) were selected for further studies. Expression analysis of progeny plants of line 501S and 1102S demonstrated that OsMADS18 overexpression segregated with the early flowering phenotype (data not shown).In order to test whether OsMADS18 overexpression affected only the transition to flowering or had a broader effect on rice development, we carried out a detailed morphological analysis on plants,ranging from 0 to 30 d after germination (Fig. 5D). The first effects can already be observed 5 d after germination (Fig. 5, B and C). At this time leaves of transgenic plants are still enclosed by the coleoptile, while wild-type leaves are already emerging from it. After 7 d from germination wild-type plants are about 12 mm long while the transgenic 501S and 1102S plants are 5.5 mm on average (Fig. 5D). Lines 501S and 1102S stay smaller than wild-type plants and this effect is due to a lower rate of internode elongation (Fig. 6, D–G) and a reduction in the length of the leaf sheath. Despite this difference, leaf number is comparable between wild-type and transgenic lines. Regardless of this deficiency in elongation ability, mutant lines form axillary meristems earlier than wild-type plants. These axillary buds are visible in lines overexpressing OsMADS18 after 7 d from germination (Fig. 6, A and B), whereas in wild-type plants these buds develop only after 15d, from germination (Fig. 6C and Supplemental Fig. 1, available at www.plantphysiol.org). Furthermore, in the leaves of the transgenic plants the aerenchyma differentiates earlier than in wild-type plants and the aerenchyma cavities are larger (Fig. 6, A and B). We also monitored the effects on root development in the transgenic lines 501S and 1102S. Microscopic analysis revealed that the adventitious root primordia develop at the same time as in wild-type plants although their number was reduced in these transgenic lines. Furthermore, at early stages the adventitious root elongation in lines 501S and 1102S is slower compared to wild-type plants (Fig. 5D; Supplemental Table I). The differences between wild-type and transgenic lines are more evident shortly after germination but, as the plants proceed in development, the developmental gap between wild-type and transgenic lines is progressively reduced (Fig. 5D; Supplemental Table I). After 30 d from germination the number and length of adventitious roots in wild-type and transgenic lines are comparable although in the transgenic lines the aerenchyma is still at a more advanced stage of development (Fig. 6, H and I).

[[File:figure5-1.png]]

[[File:figure5-2.png]]

Figure 5. Analysis of 35S:OsMADS18 plants. A, Transgenic plants overexpressing OsMADS18 (a and c) flower earlier compared to wild type (b). The arrows indicate the emerging inflorescences of the transgenic plants. B and C, Stereomicroscope images of a wild-type (B) and 35S:OsMADS18 seedling (C) 5 d after germination. The leaves of the transgenic plant are enclosed in the coleoptile (C),whereas hypocotyl elongation and leaf expansion have already occurred in the wild type (B). Bars represent 1 mm. D, Mean length of adventitious roots (first row), and mean length of the culm (second row) of wild-type (gray columns) and 35S:OsMADS18 lines (black columns) after 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 d from germination. Bars indicate the SEs of the means.

[[File:figure6-1.png]]

[[File:figure6-2.png]]

Figure 6. Histological analysis of 35S:OsMADS18 transgenic plants (A, D, F, and H) and of wild-type plants (B, C, E, G, and I) at various days from germination. A to C, H, and I are transverse sections, D to G are longitudinal sections. A and B, Axillary bud (arrow) differentiated in 35S:OSMADS18 lines (A) and not in the wild-type plants (B) after 7 d (sections at the same distance from the shoot apex). The differentiation of aerenchyma (a) is more precocious in transgenic than in wild-type plants. C, The axillary bud (arrow) is present in the wild type after 15 d. D and E (day 30), Internodes are shorter in the 35S:OSMADS18 lines (D) compared to the wild type (E). The arrows show the meristematic regions of the nodes. F and G, Close-up pictures of D and E, showing the shoot region with two apical nodes at higher magnification. H and I, Comparison between the adventitious roots of transgenic plants (H) and wild type (I). Root cortex aerenchyma (a) is more developed in transgenic plants. (Bars represent 100 mm in A–E and G; bars represent 50 mm in F and H–I).

===Expression===
Please input expression information here.

OsMADS18 is widely expressed in rice with its transcripts accumulated to higher levels in meristems.Expression of OsMADS18 in Arabidopsis Causes an ap1 Mutant Phenotype AP1/SQUA-like genes, when overexpressed, generally cause an early flowering phenotype. To investigate whether OsMADS18 also induces early flowering in Arabidopsis we ectopically expressed OsMADS18 in this heterologous system. No significant effect on flowering time was observed, however, surprisingly, 10% of the plants (of a total of 100 transformants) showed floral phenotypes that were very similar to the ap1 mutant (Fig. 7H; Irish and Sussex, 1990; Bowmanet al., 1993). The mildest phenotypes show only a reduction in sepal and petal size (Fig. 7B). The result is that the pistil is not enclosed by the perianth organs and protrudes from the flower. Plants having an intermediate phenotype have flowers that in the first whorl develop leaf-like organs bearing stellate trichomes, which is typical for cauline leaves (Fig. 7C), while wild-type sepals have simple trichomes(Fig. 7A).Around 5% of the plants showed more severe phenotypes. Some of the first-whorl organs were homeotically converted to carpelloid organs on which ovules developed (Fig. 7F). In these severely affected flowers the petals were, in general, completely absent (Fig. 7, E and F). Frequently the most affected plants had flowers from which extra flowers arose from the axils of the first whorl organs (Fig. 7) and this pattern was reiterated producing tertiary and even quaternary flowers (Fig. 7G).

[[File:figure7-1.png]]

[[File:figure7-2.png]]

Figure 7. OsMADS18 overexpression in Arabidopsis. A, Wild-type flower. B, Weakly affected flower showing reduction in the size of petals and sepals. C, Weakly affected flower in which normal petals develop and sepals are converted into leaf-like structures that differentiate stellate trichomes (arrow). D and E, Strongly affected flowers that develop a new flower at the axil of a first whorl organ. F, Severe flower phenotype in which first whorl organs develop carpelloid characteristics. Stigmatic papillae are evident at the tip of the organs and ovules develop along their margins. G, Tertiary and quaternary flowers arise at the axil of the first whorl organs in most affected flowers. H, An ap1-10 mutant flower.

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

In CaMV35S:OsMADS18 Arabidopsis Plants AP1 Expression Is Not Affected

One of the possible explanations for the ap1 phenotypes that we observed in the Arabidopsis plants that expressed OsMADS18 could be that in these transgenic plants the expression of the endogenous AP1 gene is repressed. To verify this possibility we per-check for the expression of AP1 in these transgenic plants. Figure 8 shows the RT-PCR products obtained using RNA extracted from transgenic and control wild-type flowers. These analyses show that AP1 expression is not affected in these transgenic plants.

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
Please input cited references here.

Bowman JL, Alvarez J, Weigel D, Meyerowitz EM, Smyth DR (1993) Control of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana by APETALA1 and interacting genes. Development 119: 721–743

Lee S, Kim J, Son JS, Nam J, Jeong DH, Lee K, Jang S, Yoo J, Lee J, Lee DY, et al (2003) Systematic reverse genetic screening of T-DNA tagged genes in rice for functional genomic analyses: MADS box genes as a test case.Plant Cell Physiol 44: 1403–1411

Irish VF, Sussex IM (1990) Function of the apetala-1 gene during Arabi-dopsis floral development. Plant Cell 2: 741–753

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os07g0605200|
Description = MADS box transcription factor 18 (OsMADS18) (MADS box protein 2) (MADS box protein 28) (FDRMADS7)|
Version = NM_001066760.1 GI:115473252 GeneID:4343851|
Length = 5204 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os07g0605200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 7|Chromosome 7]]|
AP = Chromosome 7:25448633..25453836|
CDS = 25448722..25448906,25451634..25451712,25451807..25451871,25451951..25452050,25452166..25452207 ,25452799..25452837,25452934..25453067,25453482..25453587|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008400:25448633..25453836
source=RiceChromosome07
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008400:25448633..25453836
source=RiceChromosome07
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggggagagggccggtgcagctgcggcggatcgagaacaagataaacaggcaggtgaccttctccaagcggaggaacgggctgctgaagaaggcgcacgagatctccgtgctctgtgacgccgacgtcgcgctcatcgtcttctccaccaagggcaagctctacgagttctccagccactccagtatggaagggatccttgaacgctaccagcgttactcgtttgatgaaagagccgtactggagccaaatactgaggaccaggaaaactggggtgatgaatatggaattttgaagtccaaactggatgcacttcagaagagccaaaggcaactcttaggtgaacaattggacacactaacaataaaagaactccagcaattggaacatcaactggaatattctctgaagcatataagatcaaaaaagaatcagcttctgtttgaatcaatttctgagcttcagaagaaggaaaagtcacttaaaaaccagaataatgttctgcaaaagctcatggagacagaaaaggagaaaaacaatgctataataaacactaaccgggaggagcaaaatggagcaacaccaagcacatcatcaccaacaccagtgacggctccagatcccatcccgacaacaaataacagtcaaagccaaccaagaggatcaggggagtcagaagctcaaccgtctccggcacaagcaggcaacagcaagcttccgccatggatgctccggacaagtcacacatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MGRGPVQLRRIENKINRQVTFSKRRNGLLKKAHEISVLCDADVA LIVFSTKGKLYEFSSHSSMEGILERYQRYSFDERAVLEPNTEDQENWGDEYGILKSKL DALQKSQRQLLGEQLDTLTIKELQQLEHQLEYSLKHIRSKKNQLLFESISELQKKEKS LKNQNNVLQKLMETEKEKNNAIINTNREEQNGATPSTSSPTPVTAPDPIPTTNNSQSQ PRGSGESEAQPSPAQAGNSKLPPWMLRTSHT</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>90..274#3002..3080#3175..3239#3319..3418#3534..3575#4167..4205#4302..4435#4850..4955#ctccccccatttccatcttccccgagctctccaccctccacccgccaccgccaccgccgccttcgccgccgccgccgccgccgacgacgatggggagagggccggtgcagctgcggcggatcgagaacaagataaacaggcaggtgaccttctccaagcggaggaacgggctgctgaagaaggcgcacgagatctccgtgctctgtgacgccgacgtcgcgctcatcgtcttctccaccaagggcaagctctacgagttctccagccactccaggtacgcacgcgcttagctcctcctcctcctcctcctcctctccgcgacctcccgcctacctacgtagtacggcccatgcccgtcgcctttcctcgccgcgcgcgcgccatgggcgagctcgcggagctccccgttcctgggcggcttgttgatgcgttcgatttcgtttcgtacgggttcctgccttgtgttcgatcgtttccgctgcggaatgcgagggggctggtggtgttggtgcgtgtacgattgctattatttcgtgctgattgatttctctcatgtgctctctgattgcacatacggttcatggctttgtacgtgttcgttcgtgcgattgctgcttagctcgggatggagttgctcgcgaagtctagctagttgtaggttgcttgtgtcccctggattacagctctctatgtgatgctggcatgctgctgctgctgctgccatgcatatcagaagctagtaatatacagtggtggtacatgcactgttgctgatttagctttatatgctgctcagttttgttcttggggactcatcaatcatcgtagcattggtgaacacgttcacttccatttttttttgtataaaaaggaatggaataataggtgaaaaaaaattcatgtgcttcatcagtacgggcggaaagaaagatatgtttaaattttaattagtgtgcttatctaggtttatcatatgcttatactcttgtgtactgtagcatatacaagtgatgcttattaccaaagcctagctaggccggtaaacttgtattatttgtctcgttatttctggaaatcattagagcagcacttcagttgaaatatgcacggacgccttgctaattaagcggctcctctaaccaggccagtaaggtcttaagttactgacaactcctggactggtataaatggcgcggccagctttacatgacatatggtttgatacttttgtttagttaatttcgaggtggaatataaggtgaccagcttacttaacttgttcatttgatgcattcggtttcatttccctttttttttttaagataatgggaagtaaattaatacccggccttgctttaactgaaactacaactttcttttgtccctttagtgtgtactgtcaccaagttagctatacatggtgcaagttgccattgcccattgctattaacttgctctcacaaattggggtgtttatttcttgaaatggattttttaggacaacaataaactgattgacatagctatactgttcaagtataaccatgtttatggttttcaattaagcaaactgcttatgtttatgctaatatcttttgtttaatgggaggaatttaaatatttcattattggtattcctatactctattatttcataatatttggcaattttgaccggtgattgcttcagtttaaccattaatatcttttaaaatttatgattatgatggatgggatttatatctctatatttaccattaccatgtaacatactttaataatatgttacataatctaatactaaaagtttatttataaaattggaatggccaaactaaaacaatgcgaacttaaaatcaccaagtattatgaaatggagggagcataatatcagtagctcgtaagggaaaaaagggacctaaatgatgccttttgtgataaatataatttcaaatttgcaaaatttttggataggcaacaatactctctcattattgtgttagtattaaggtcaagctacttctatgctaccaaatactccttctgttcctttttttatttcttgtctaggatattgacattatccctaacacacatctttctttgtatgatcatctactcataaaatagttaaaatataactacattattcaattatgaatctatgaatgttatttttatacaccgagttgggaactattctaaactctcgaggggacatcccctcattatctgcatgttatccaaacggttgtgaaaaaaattgaaaaaaaataaacaagatagattaatatgtgataaatcactccacaaacatgcaaggacaaattcaaattctacaagttgcaatgaaaaaattaaatttgaccgtgaatatacattaactagccatagtttaatttttttttgttgtaacttgtagaagttgaatttgaacttgcatgtttgtgaagtaatctatcacatattaatctatcttgtcgatttttttttaaaaaaatcataaccatttagatgacatgcaaaaaacgaggggatgttcccttgagagtttagaatccattctccagtgagttgatgttgagatttgattacacatttcaaaacgacttttatttgttaacgaagggagtaatgtggattcaccatatgtactaatgttattaaggccagataatcctttttttaatcattctaattagatataaacttacgacgaagaacatgaatggataaagtttcagccaacaaatacaaatgtttttcaaagtgctatttctgatgcataatttttgtagcagttatgatttaaatttatacatggataatttgaataatggatcctacttttgtagttgtcacctgacaagccttaagaattattgagggtacaaaaattataactgtgcatttgtttgatattgctctaagactatgcttggcatcatcttttgatgcattggtcaaaccaaagcataatcatgtgatacttcttctgtagtatggaagggatccttgaacgctaccagcgttactcgtttgatgaaagagccgtactggagccaaatactgaggaccaggtaaaaaaacatccctgactgttggagaactatctccggctgtttatttaactagctggttagttatctgatcttgatattcattttctcctaggaaaactggggtgatgaatatggaattttgaagtccaaactggatgcacttcagaagagccaaaggtactgcaaactttcttaagaaattttcactttggtaacaagattatgctaacttgagttggtctatctactgctcaaggcaactcttaggtgaacaattggacacactaacaataaaagaactccagcaattggaacatcaactggaatattctctgaagcatataagatcaaaaaaggtgaaatttgtgtccattatgcactgttgactgagggatcaaatttgcttgatttaattatttccaactaatctttgaaaacatcattactttcctttttgtttttcttttgcagaatcagcttctgtttgaatcaatttctgagcttcagaagaaggtaggttaccctcaatgtggctccttaaatagcaatgtagcagtctgtttataccatattgttttggagtattaaagttgcattcaaacaattttcagacaactaactcttcttgccttctaccagaatatattcatgtaaaacatgtcttttggcaattctagaaattccattataagaagaaatcattagtcaatttgaatcacctaaggaactaacgagaagccacttgtcttggtcatattgtgggaaatgcacaatgttgtcaaatgggtataacaggaaagtcgccatcaatgtatatattctaggggagagagaacagactaagtcagactacgttgtaaaattgaacattctacgggaaaataaatcttcgatgcatatggcaaggacttgaccgttagccttttacgcaataatgtatgcataaacatagggaaaaaaaaggacctgcactactgattgttactgtatctgatctggcaagtggcaacagagccatgttaatattgtgctgagaaatggacgaagttgatataggttcgtgctgatgaatattcttacaatctgctatcttcctgtctgcaggaaaagtcacttaaaaaccagaataatgttctgcaaaaggtaaatttcattcttgtttacaacaatgttttatatcagatcactacaaaagctgtattggaggtcaaacccttttgtctacattcttcggagcagctcatggagacagaaaaggagaaaaacaatgctataataaacactaaccgggaggagcaaaatggagcaacaccaagcacatcatcaccaacaccagtgacggctccagatcccatcccgacaacaaataacaggtaccgcttttacttccatatattttgcccctgcactcaccataaataaaacaaaactctgttttgttcttcagcaaatttttattctatattttttcttttatcagacttccattatctatcacagttcagtagtttttgatggtctatgcctaggaaacttaatccggtgaaatttgttcaatcaaatgctgccggtctatttcatatggctattggaagtttggaacaaataagcccaggcctgaaagcgcctgaaccaaacagtgaaaaagcctccaaatggtttggtctcagcttgatatatcatgtctgaacaataacttgacgttaggaatgatctagcatgttactactatttcatcaactccattgtctgttttagttatgctgtttttcctcatcttaattcagtcaaagccaaccaagaggatcaggggagtcagaagctcaaccgtctccggcacaagcaggcaacagcaagcttccgccatggatgctccggacaagtcacacatgaaggcatctgttgatctcaaacgtcactccactcaatggccaacatcaacatgtttcttccaactaaggcagccactgttgtgcaatccatcttccagcgatattgatatatcggcattcggcatagccaatatatattaatgtaatgtatcttgtcaaagcttcatagggttaatgacgccttgagcttctctgttctatatctgtcttgtaacgatctttgcatatctgctgcatttttttttctctc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001066760.1 RefSeq:Os07g0605200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 7]]
[[Category:Chromosome 7]]

Os07g0605200

2014-06-02T10:47:23Z

2014-06-02T10:24:34Z

Little top: uploaded a new version of "File:Expression analysis on.png"

2014-06-02T08:31:16Z

Little top: /* Function */

MADS

2014-05-30T13:24:55Z

Little top: /* Brief Introduction */

==Brief Introduction==
* MADS-box family member are known to be involved in many important processes during plant growth and development<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" />. The word MADS finds its origin from the first letters of its founding members, Mini Chromosome Maintenance 1 (MCM1) of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Agamous (AG) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Deficiens (DEF) of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and Serum Response Factor (SRF) of humans (Homo sapiens)<ref name="ref1" />.
* They are characterized by the presence of a conserved domain of approximately 60 amino acids located in the N-terminal region; this domain is named the MADS-box domain and is involved in DNA binding and dimerization<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" />. The MADS-box family has been divided into two main groups. The type I consists of ARG80/SRF-like genes of animals and fungi, also designated as M-type genes in plants, and type II contains MEF2-like genes of animals and yeast as well as MIKC-type genes of plants<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref3" />.
[[File:mads_box1.jpg|center|thumb|1000px|'''Figure 1.''' ''Protein Structure of '''BGIOSGA004940''' '']]
* The best studied plant MADS-box transcription factors are those involved in floral organ identity determination. Combinations of A-, B-, and C-function genes determine the development of the four whorls of an Arabidopsis flower: A-function genes determine sepal development; A- and B-function genes determine petal development; B- and C function genes determine the stamen development, and C-function genes are necessary for carpel development<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" />.

==''Japonica'' Group==
{| style="background:#A1A3A6; width:85%;" border="0"
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[Os01g0201700]]'''
||
'''[[Os02g0682200]]'''
||
'''[[Os04g0580700]]'''
||
'''[[Os09g0507200]]'''
||
'''[[Os08g0531700]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[Os07g0605200]]'''
||
'''[[Os07g0108900]]'''
||
'''[[Os05g0203800]]'''
||
'''[[Os12g0207000]]'''
||
'''[[Os03g0752800]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[Os03g0122600]]'''
||
'''[[Os10g0536100]]'''
||
'''[[Os06g0162800]]'''
||
'''[[Os01g0883100]]'''
||
'''[[Os01g0886200]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[Os04g0461300]]'''
||
'''[[Os06g0712700]]'''
||
'''[[Os02g0731200]]'''
||
'''[[Os03g0215400]]'''
||
'''[[Os02g0579600]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[Os12g0206800]]'''
||
'''[[Os08g0531900]]'''
||
'''[[Os03g0753100]]'''
||
'''[[Os05g0203600]]'''
||
'''[[Os02g0170300]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[Os02g0761000]]'''
||
'''[[Os04g0614100]]'''
||
'''[[Os05g0423400]]'''
||
'''[[Os08g0431900]]'''
||
'''[[Os04g0304400]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[Os06g0223300]]'''
||
'''[[Os06g0667200]]'''
||
'''[[Os06g0217300]]'''
||
'''[[Os03g0186600]]'''
||
'''[[Os01g0922800]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[Os12g0501700]]'''
||
'''[[Os08g0112700]]'''
||
'''[[Os01g0726400]]'''
||
'''[[Os12g0407400]]'''
||
'''[[Os11g0658700]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[Os04g0387400]]'''
||
'''[[Os03g0253400]]'''
||

||

||

|}
==''Indica'' Group==
{| style="background:#A1A3A6; width:85%;" border="0"
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA002178]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA008820]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA016980]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA031056]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA029052]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA026097]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA018621]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA024961]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA009798]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA033356]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA021849]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA000377]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA004940]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA020546]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA007336]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA011213]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA026745]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA008494]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA022872]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA036463]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA009797]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA026939]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA008983]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA007056]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA018624]]''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA007333]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA009093]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA022154]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA019900]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA016106]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA029053]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA017110]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA003731]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA016105]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA005076]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA015021]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA023435]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA021662]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA011317]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA036149]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA027872]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA007600]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA000892]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA018453]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA006672]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA030217]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA005284]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA035654]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA021177]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA003304]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA036334]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA022830]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA028419]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA018341]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA015023]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA000269]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA003303]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA011095]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA016270]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA003441]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA002989]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA034252]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA030219]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA000297]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA003442]]'''
|-style="background:white; color:black" align="center"
!
'''[[BGIOSGA003440]]'''
||
'''[[BGIOSGA003443]]'''
||

||

||

|}
==References==
<references>
* <ref name="ref1">
Arora R, Agarwal P, Ray S, et al. MADS-box gene family in rice: genome-wide identification, organization and expression profiling during reproductive development and stress[J]. BMC genomics, 2007, 8(1): 242.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref2">
Par̆enicová L, de Folter S, Kieffer M, et al. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the complete MADS-box transcription factor family in Arabidopsis new openings to the MADS world[J]. The Plant Cell Online, 2003, 15(7): 1538-1551.
</ref>
* <ref name="ref3">
Leseberg C H, Li A, Kang H, et al. Genome-wide analysis of the MADS-box gene family in Populus trichocarpa[J]. Gene, 2006, 378: 84-94.
</ref>
</references>