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	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172291</id>
		<title>Os02g0618400</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172291"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T08:03:09Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice, is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. In all, OsMPS is required for the adaptive growth response in rice during adverse environmental conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMPS affects plant growth&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is a direct regulator of genes encoding expansins, and it may function as a hub for&lt;br /&gt;
multiple hormones to control plant growth. OsMPS overexpression plants were severely reduced in size under control conditions, and we find that seedlings overexpress ing OsMPS was significantly less affected by salt stress than in EV seedings.(Figure4) In a word,in the absence of stress, knockdown of OsMPS increased biomass accumulation, while OsMPS overexpression impaired growth. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.OsMPS affects heading date and panicle-related traits&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. OE6–2 plants showed a delay in heading and flowering by 21 days, and a reduced number of panicles per plant compared to the EV line.( Figure5) Down-regulation of OsMPScaused early heading and flowering. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. OsMPS modulates the expression of hormone and cell wall-related genes&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS negatively regulates the expression of several ARF and IAA genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibition of OsMPS over-expression lines was partially rescued by low concentrations of exogenous auxin. OsMPS acts as a negative regulator of auxin related genes and cell wall-remodeling genes. BR biosynthesis and signaling genes were found to be down-regulated upon over-expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.OsMPS affects the cell size and length of leaf epidermal cells&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure5.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in most tissues, including shoots, roots, anthers and seeds, but not in endosperm, stigma, ovary or the embryo. (Figure2') OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. However, Over-expression of OsMPS resulted in decreased plant stature at the seedling, vegetative and heading stage.(Figure3')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After salt stress induction, OsMPS can express in 30 min and 1 h , and Up-regulation of OsMPS was also observed in leaves after salt stress.(Figure1') Moreover, OsMPS expression is modulated by multiple hormones, Auxin, BL and GA, which are known to promote cell elongation (Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011), transiently decrease the expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure2'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure3'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is classified as an R2R3-type MYB TF belonging to clade C14, which includes AtMYB71, AtMYB79 and AtMYB121 from Arabidopsis and two uncharacterized rice MYB TFs. Using the web tool Phytozome (Goodsteinet al.,2012), homologous proteins from Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays and Setaria italica were identified and shown to share high sequence identity with OsMPS at the DNA-binding domain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS mis-expression causes metabolic changes related to growth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In OsMPS overexpression plants, a low level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates 2–oxoglutarate, malate and fumarate was observed, and these intermediates are directly linked to plant development as their abundance is a potential growth signal. Metabolic profiling revealed that OsMPS over-expression results in accumulation of amino acids and decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which may indicate a lower rate of protein synthesis and metabolism, correlating with the smaller plant size observed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization=== &lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS contains a putative nuclear localization signal immediately downstream of the R2R3 domain, so it locates in the nucleus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M€ uhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Romy Schmidt, Jos H. M. Schippers, Delphine Mieulet et al.(2013)  MULTIPASS, a rice R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. The Plant Journal  76,258–273&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J. and Pinheiro, C.(2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann. Bot.103, 551–560.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Achard, P., Cheng, H., De Grauwe, L., Decat, J., Schoutteten, H., Moritz, T.,Van Der Straeten, D., Peng, J. and Harberd, N.P.(2006) Integration of plant responses to environmentally activated phytohormonal signals. Science, 311,91–94&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os02g0618400|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = Similar to Snapdragon myb protein 305 homolog|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001053984.1 GI:115447338 GeneID:4330001|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2071 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os02g0618400, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 2|Chromosome 2]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 2:25438318..25440388|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 25438710..25439307,25439416..25439545,25440127..25440268|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MEGQQFAWGREEGGWRKGPWTAQEDKLLVEYVRQHGEGRWNSVA                     KITGLKRSGKSCRLRWVNYLRPDLKRGKITPQEESVILELHALWGNRWSTIARSLPGR                     TDNEIKNYWRTHFKKGKPSKNIERARARFLKQRREMQQQSQLMQTGQQQQLGQDDDAT                     SAVVDDNLAEVAPPAATSLTHDGELQIMQEMAPDMDDLLYYHPGDMSPYSYDDLLGSG                     GGECGAVAASAGAAASTSEGSSEELDGGAATWGSLWNLDDVVHDMMIDCAAGAGCCWG                     SFPPLQDKGLAFY&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;1082..1679#844..973#121..262#atcgatcgcttcatcactcgctagctcatcactgcgagcggagacagctcaggagggaggaagcaaaagaagagagagagagatcaagagatagacgaagagatttgtctgtgtaaatcaatggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtaggtgctatagctactgattgagtggtgttcttgcatgttcgtgaccatttcgatgttctctcgcacgttgtcccaaatcaagaagctcgatatatatagccttttaggaagaaattatagctagtagcatcagtttgcatttggtttgttaaattgcacgttggggcagtcaaacatgcaattagtacatgtttaaggttgcatatgtcgcccatgattgtcaagttgcatgatttgattccaattgcggcatttggtacgatcgtgttttcggagaataggcatttggtgcttgctctagcacatgcattaattaattaaaccgcgtatgaactgcatgcacgcgcgtgtaaattcgtcagaaccttttcctagctgtaaccgtggaaatccttttcctagctgagagttagcttcagatgattagcattaaccaagctttactttcttagttaagtacaaatgggagtggtaggtgtgtcatgtacatgttactttttctgcatatgtacgtcagctaattctgtctgatgctatgtatcttacagtactgagcctgtgtatgtcgtgctttgcaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtaacaacccatttgcaaatcctttcgtgatcgagctcgatcgcgtttaattttgccatgaatgtgtaactgattcgatcgatcgcattattctctgtggcggtgtaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactagctatagcttaacgattactaaattgctagctagctatagctacaagcctacacactctacaagtagatgttccttttggtcttgtgcatcgatccaaactgatagcacacagcagcctgtgcgtgtggaggaggtcacacgtagtgactatgcaggtgagagcgagaggccattttgtgtacacgaagtgttggtggataaggatgcaacaccaactatactccactttgagtagctagctcgcctcgatggcatgtttggctcatttgagagcgctttttctaggagaaaaaggaagggaagagtttttttctttgttttgcttttggagaaagaatataggaggactgcaggggggaaaatcaggtgttaaaagtgcatctgagctcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001053984.1 RefSeq:Os02g0618400]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 2]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172288</id>
		<title>Os02g0618400</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172288"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T08:01:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice, is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. In all, OsMPS is required for the adaptive growth response in rice during adverse environmental conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMPS affects plant growth&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is a direct regulator of genes encoding expansins, and it may function as a hub for&lt;br /&gt;
multiple hormones to control plant growth. OsMPS overexpression plants were severely reduced in size under control conditions, and we find that seedlings overexpress ing OsMPS was significantly less affected by salt stress than in EV seedings.(Figure4) In a word,in the absence of stress, knockdown of OsMPS increased biomass accumulation, while OsMPS overexpression impaired growth. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.OsMPS affects heading date and panicle-related traits&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. OE6–2 plants showed a delay in heading and flowering by 21 days, and a reduced number of panicles per plant compared to the EV line.( Figure5) Down-regulation of OsMPScaused early heading and flowering. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. OsMPS modulates the expression of hormone and cell wall-related genes&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS negatively regulates the expression of several ARF and IAA genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibition of OsMPS over-expression lines was partially rescued by low concentrations of exogenous auxin. OsMPS acts as a negative regulator of auxin related genes and cell wall-remodeling genes. BR biosynthesis and signaling genes were found to be down-regulated upon over-expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.OsMPS affects the cell size and length of leaf epidermal cells&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure5.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in most tissues, including shoots, roots, anthers and seeds, but not in endosperm, stigma, ovary or the embryo. (Figure2') OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. However, Over-expression of OsMPS resulted in decreased plant stature at the seedling, vegetative and heading stage.(Figure3')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After salt stress induction, OsMPS can express in 30 min and 1 h , and Up-regulation of OsMPS was also observed in leaves after salt stress.(Figure1') Moreover, OsMPS expression is modulated by multiple hormones, Auxin, BL and GA, which are known to promote cell elongation (Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011), transiently decrease the expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure2'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure3'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is classified as an R2R3-type MYB TF belonging to clade C14, which includes AtMYB71, AtMYB79 and AtMYB121 from Arabidopsis and two uncharacterized rice MYB TFs. Using the web tool Phytozome (Goodsteinet al.,2012), homologous proteins from Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays and Setaria italica were identified and shown to share high sequence identity with OsMPS at the DNA-binding domain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS mis-expression causes metabolic changes related to growth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In OsMPS overexpression plants, a low level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates 2–oxoglutarate, malate and fumarate was observed, and these intermediates are directly linked to plant development as their abundance is a potential growth signal. Metabolic profiling revealed that OsMPS over-expression results in accumulation of amino acids and decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which may indicate a lower rate of protein synthesis and metabolism, correlating with the smaller plant size observed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization=== &lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS contains a putative nuclear localization signal immediately downstream of the R2R3 domain, so it locates in the nucleus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M€ uhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Romy Schmidt, Jos H. M. Schippers, Delphine Mieulet et al.(2013)  MULTIPASS, a rice R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. The Plant Journal  76,258–273&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J. and Pinheiro, C.(2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann. Bot.103, 551–560.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Achard, P., Cheng, H., De Grauwe, L., Decat, J., Schoutteten, H., Moritz, T.,Van Der Straeten, D., Peng, J. and Harberd, N.P.(2006) Integration of plant responses to environmentally activated phytohormonal signals. Science, 311,91–94&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os02g0618400|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = Similar to Snapdragon myb protein 305 homolog|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001053984.1 GI:115447338 GeneID:4330001|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2071 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os02g0618400, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 2|Chromosome 2]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 2:25438318..25440388|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 25438710..25439307,25439416..25439545,25440127..25440268|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MEGQQFAWGREEGGWRKGPWTAQEDKLLVEYVRQHGEGRWNSVA                     KITGLKRSGKSCRLRWVNYLRPDLKRGKITPQEESVILELHALWGNRWSTIARSLPGR                     TDNEIKNYWRTHFKKGKPSKNIERARARFLKQRREMQQQSQLMQTGQQQQLGQDDDAT                     SAVVDDNLAEVAPPAATSLTHDGELQIMQEMAPDMDDLLYYHPGDMSPYSYDDLLGSG                     GGECGAVAASAGAAASTSEGSSEELDGGAATWGSLWNLDDVVHDMMIDCAAGAGCCWG                     SFPPLQDKGLAFY&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;1082..1679#844..973#121..262#atcgatcgcttcatcactcgctagctcatcactgcgagcggagacagctcaggagggaggaagcaaaagaagagagagagagatcaagagatagacgaagagatttgtctgtgtaaatcaatggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtaggtgctatagctactgattgagtggtgttcttgcatgttcgtgaccatttcgatgttctctcgcacgttgtcccaaatcaagaagctcgatatatatagccttttaggaagaaattatagctagtagcatcagtttgcatttggtttgttaaattgcacgttggggcagtcaaacatgcaattagtacatgtttaaggttgcatatgtcgcccatgattgtcaagttgcatgatttgattccaattgcggcatttggtacgatcgtgttttcggagaataggcatttggtgcttgctctagcacatgcattaattaattaaaccgcgtatgaactgcatgcacgcgcgtgtaaattcgtcagaaccttttcctagctgtaaccgtggaaatccttttcctagctgagagttagcttcagatgattagcattaaccaagctttactttcttagttaagtacaaatgggagtggtaggtgtgtcatgtacatgttactttttctgcatatgtacgtcagctaattctgtctgatgctatgtatcttacagtactgagcctgtgtatgtcgtgctttgcaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtaacaacccatttgcaaatcctttcgtgatcgagctcgatcgcgtttaattttgccatgaatgtgtaactgattcgatcgatcgcattattctctgtggcggtgtaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactagctatagcttaacgattactaaattgctagctagctatagctacaagcctacacactctacaagtagatgttccttttggtcttgtgcatcgatccaaactgatagcacacagcagcctgtgcgtgtggaggaggtcacacgtagtgactatgcaggtgagagcgagaggccattttgtgtacacgaagtgttggtggataaggatgcaacaccaactatactccactttgagtagctagctcgcctcgatggcatgtttggctcatttgagagcgctttttctaggagaaaaaggaagggaagagtttttttctttgttttgcttttggagaaagaatataggaggactgcaggggggaaaatcaggtgttaaaagtgcatctgagctcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001053984.1 RefSeq:Os02g0618400]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 2]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172287</id>
		<title>Os02g0618400</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172287"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T08:00:54Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Function */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice, is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. In all, OsMPS is required for the adaptive growth response in rice during adverse environmental conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMPS affects plant growth&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is a direct regulator of genes encoding expansins, and it may function as a hub for&lt;br /&gt;
multiple hormones to control plant growth. OsMPS overexpression plants were severely reduced in size under control conditions, and we find that seedlings overexpress ing OsMPS was significantly less affected by salt stress than in EV seedings.(Figure4) In a word,in the absence of stress, knockdown of OsMPS increased biomass accumulation, while OsMPS overexpression impaired growth. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.OsMPS affects heading date and panicle-related traits&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. OE6–2 plants showed a delay in heading and flowering by 21 days, and a reduced number of panicles per plant compared to the EV line.( Figure5) Down-regulation of OsMPScaused early heading and flowering. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. OsMPS modulates the expression of hormone and cell wall-related genes&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS negatively regulates the expression of several ARF and IAA genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibition of OsMPS over-expression lines was partially rescued by low concentrations of exogenous auxin. OsMPS acts as a negative regulator of auxin related genes and cell wall-remodeling genes. BR biosynthesis and signaling genes were found to be down-regulated upon over-expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.OsMPS affects the cell size and length of leaf epidermal cells&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure5.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in most tissues, including shoots, roots, anthers and seeds, but not in endosperm, stigma, ovary or the embryo. (Figure2') OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. However, Over-expression of OsMPS resulted in decreased plant stature at the seedling, vegetative and heading stage.(Figure3')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After salt stress induction, OsMPS can express in 30 min and 1 h , and Up-regulation of OsMPS was also observed in leaves after salt stress.(Figure1') Moreover, OsMPS expression is modulated by multiple hormones, Auxin, BL and GA, which are known to promote cell elongation (Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011), transiently decrease the expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure2'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure3'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is classified as an R2R3-type MYB TF belonging to clade C14, which includes AtMYB71, AtMYB79 and AtMYB121 from Arabidopsis and two uncharacterized rice MYB TFs. Using the web tool Phytozome (Goodsteinet al.,2012), homologous proteins from Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays and Setaria italica were identified and shown to share high sequence identity with OsMPS at the DNA-binding domain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization=== &lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS contains a putative nuclear localization signal immediately downstream of the R2R3 domain, so it locates in the nucleus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M€ uhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Romy Schmidt, Jos H. M. Schippers, Delphine Mieulet et al.(2013)  MULTIPASS, a rice R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. The Plant Journal  76,258–273&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J. and Pinheiro, C.(2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann. Bot.103, 551–560.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Achard, P., Cheng, H., De Grauwe, L., Decat, J., Schoutteten, H., Moritz, T.,Van Der Straeten, D., Peng, J. and Harberd, N.P.(2006) Integration of plant responses to environmentally activated phytohormonal signals. Science, 311,91–94&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os02g0618400|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = Similar to Snapdragon myb protein 305 homolog|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001053984.1 GI:115447338 GeneID:4330001|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2071 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os02g0618400, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 2|Chromosome 2]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 2:25438318..25440388|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 25438710..25439307,25439416..25439545,25440127..25440268|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MEGQQFAWGREEGGWRKGPWTAQEDKLLVEYVRQHGEGRWNSVA                     KITGLKRSGKSCRLRWVNYLRPDLKRGKITPQEESVILELHALWGNRWSTIARSLPGR                     TDNEIKNYWRTHFKKGKPSKNIERARARFLKQRREMQQQSQLMQTGQQQQLGQDDDAT                     SAVVDDNLAEVAPPAATSLTHDGELQIMQEMAPDMDDLLYYHPGDMSPYSYDDLLGSG                     GGECGAVAASAGAAASTSEGSSEELDGGAATWGSLWNLDDVVHDMMIDCAAGAGCCWG                     SFPPLQDKGLAFY&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;1082..1679#844..973#121..262#atcgatcgcttcatcactcgctagctcatcactgcgagcggagacagctcaggagggaggaagcaaaagaagagagagagagatcaagagatagacgaagagatttgtctgtgtaaatcaatggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtaggtgctatagctactgattgagtggtgttcttgcatgttcgtgaccatttcgatgttctctcgcacgttgtcccaaatcaagaagctcgatatatatagccttttaggaagaaattatagctagtagcatcagtttgcatttggtttgttaaattgcacgttggggcagtcaaacatgcaattagtacatgtttaaggttgcatatgtcgcccatgattgtcaagttgcatgatttgattccaattgcggcatttggtacgatcgtgttttcggagaataggcatttggtgcttgctctagcacatgcattaattaattaaaccgcgtatgaactgcatgcacgcgcgtgtaaattcgtcagaaccttttcctagctgtaaccgtggaaatccttttcctagctgagagttagcttcagatgattagcattaaccaagctttactttcttagttaagtacaaatgggagtggtaggtgtgtcatgtacatgttactttttctgcatatgtacgtcagctaattctgtctgatgctatgtatcttacagtactgagcctgtgtatgtcgtgctttgcaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtaacaacccatttgcaaatcctttcgtgatcgagctcgatcgcgtttaattttgccatgaatgtgtaactgattcgatcgatcgcattattctctgtggcggtgtaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactagctatagcttaacgattactaaattgctagctagctatagctacaagcctacacactctacaagtagatgttccttttggtcttgtgcatcgatccaaactgatagcacacagcagcctgtgcgtgtggaggaggtcacacgtagtgactatgcaggtgagagcgagaggccattttgtgtacacgaagtgttggtggataaggatgcaacaccaactatactccactttgagtagctagctcgcctcgatggcatgtttggctcatttgagagcgctttttctaggagaaaaaggaagggaagagtttttttctttgttttgcttttggagaaagaatataggaggactgcaggggggaaaatcaggtgttaaaagtgcatctgagctcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001053984.1 RefSeq:Os02g0618400]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 2]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172281</id>
		<title>Os02g0618400</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172281"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:57:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* References */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice, is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. In all, OsMPS is required for the adaptive growth response in rice during adverse environmental conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMPS affects plant growth&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is a direct regulator of genes encoding expansins, and it may function as a hub for&lt;br /&gt;
multiple hormones to control plant growth. OsMPS overexpression plants were severely reduced in size under control conditions, and we find that seedlings overexpress ing OsMPS was significantly less affected by salt stress than in EV seedings.(Figure4) In a word,in the absence of stress, knockdown of OsMPS increased biomass accumulation, while OsMPS overexpression impaired growth. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. OsMPS mis-expression causes metabolic changes related to growth&lt;br /&gt;
In OsMPS overexpression plants, a low level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates&lt;br /&gt;
2–oxoglutarate, malate and fumarate was observed, and these intermediates are directly linked to plant development as their abundance is a potential growth signal. Metabolic profiling revealed that OsMPS over-expression results in accumulation of amino acids and decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which may indicate a lower rate of protein synthesis and metabolism, correlating with the smaller plant size observed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.OsMPS affects heading date and panicle-related traits&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. OE6–2 plants showed a delay in heading and flowering by 21 days, and a reduced number of panicles per plant compared to the EV line.( Figure5) Down-regulation of OsMPScaused early heading and flowering. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. OsMPS modulates the expression of hormone and cell wall-related genes&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS negatively regulates the expression of several ARF and IAA genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibition of OsMPS over-expression lines was partially rescued by low concentrations of exogenous auxin. OsMPS acts as a negative regulator of auxin related genes and cell wall-remodeling genes. BR biosynthesis and signaling genes were found to be down-regulated upon over-expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.OsMPS affects the cell size and length of leaf epidermal cells&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure5.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in most tissues, including shoots, roots, anthers and seeds, but not in endosperm, stigma, ovary or the embryo. (Figure2') OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. However, Over-expression of OsMPS resulted in decreased plant stature at the seedling, vegetative and heading stage.(Figure3')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After salt stress induction, OsMPS can express in 30 min and 1 h , and Up-regulation of OsMPS was also observed in leaves after salt stress.(Figure1') Moreover, OsMPS expression is modulated by multiple hormones, Auxin, BL and GA, which are known to promote cell elongation (Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011), transiently decrease the expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure2'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure3'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is classified as an R2R3-type MYB TF belonging to clade C14, which includes AtMYB71, AtMYB79 and AtMYB121 from Arabidopsis and two uncharacterized rice MYB TFs. Using the web tool Phytozome (Goodsteinet al.,2012), homologous proteins from Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays and Setaria italica were identified and shown to share high sequence identity with OsMPS at the DNA-binding domain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization=== &lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS contains a putative nuclear localization signal immediately downstream of the R2R3 domain, so it locates in the nucleus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M€ uhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Romy Schmidt, Jos H. M. Schippers, Delphine Mieulet et al.(2013)  MULTIPASS, a rice R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. The Plant Journal  76,258–273&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J. and Pinheiro, C.(2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann. Bot.103, 551–560.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Achard, P., Cheng, H., De Grauwe, L., Decat, J., Schoutteten, H., Moritz, T.,Van Der Straeten, D., Peng, J. and Harberd, N.P.(2006) Integration of plant responses to environmentally activated phytohormonal signals. Science, 311,91–94&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os02g0618400|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = Similar to Snapdragon myb protein 305 homolog|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001053984.1 GI:115447338 GeneID:4330001|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2071 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os02g0618400, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 2|Chromosome 2]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 2:25438318..25440388|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 25438710..25439307,25439416..25439545,25440127..25440268|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MEGQQFAWGREEGGWRKGPWTAQEDKLLVEYVRQHGEGRWNSVA                     KITGLKRSGKSCRLRWVNYLRPDLKRGKITPQEESVILELHALWGNRWSTIARSLPGR                     TDNEIKNYWRTHFKKGKPSKNIERARARFLKQRREMQQQSQLMQTGQQQQLGQDDDAT                     SAVVDDNLAEVAPPAATSLTHDGELQIMQEMAPDMDDLLYYHPGDMSPYSYDDLLGSG                     GGECGAVAASAGAAASTSEGSSEELDGGAATWGSLWNLDDVVHDMMIDCAAGAGCCWG                     SFPPLQDKGLAFY&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;1082..1679#844..973#121..262#atcgatcgcttcatcactcgctagctcatcactgcgagcggagacagctcaggagggaggaagcaaaagaagagagagagagatcaagagatagacgaagagatttgtctgtgtaaatcaatggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtaggtgctatagctactgattgagtggtgttcttgcatgttcgtgaccatttcgatgttctctcgcacgttgtcccaaatcaagaagctcgatatatatagccttttaggaagaaattatagctagtagcatcagtttgcatttggtttgttaaattgcacgttggggcagtcaaacatgcaattagtacatgtttaaggttgcatatgtcgcccatgattgtcaagttgcatgatttgattccaattgcggcatttggtacgatcgtgttttcggagaataggcatttggtgcttgctctagcacatgcattaattaattaaaccgcgtatgaactgcatgcacgcgcgtgtaaattcgtcagaaccttttcctagctgtaaccgtggaaatccttttcctagctgagagttagcttcagatgattagcattaaccaagctttactttcttagttaagtacaaatgggagtggtaggtgtgtcatgtacatgttactttttctgcatatgtacgtcagctaattctgtctgatgctatgtatcttacagtactgagcctgtgtatgtcgtgctttgcaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtaacaacccatttgcaaatcctttcgtgatcgagctcgatcgcgtttaattttgccatgaatgtgtaactgattcgatcgatcgcattattctctgtggcggtgtaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactagctatagcttaacgattactaaattgctagctagctatagctacaagcctacacactctacaagtagatgttccttttggtcttgtgcatcgatccaaactgatagcacacagcagcctgtgcgtgtggaggaggtcacacgtagtgactatgcaggtgagagcgagaggccattttgtgtacacgaagtgttggtggataaggatgcaacaccaactatactccactttgagtagctagctcgcctcgatggcatgtttggctcatttgagagcgctttttctaggagaaaaaggaagggaagagtttttttctttgttttgcttttggagaaagaatataggaggactgcaggggggaaaatcaggtgttaaaagtgcatctgagctcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001053984.1 RefSeq:Os02g0618400]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 2]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure4%27.jpg&amp;diff=172280</id>
		<title>File:Figure4'.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure4%27.jpg&amp;diff=172280"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:55:19Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172274</id>
		<title>Os02g0618400</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172274"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:50:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Function */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice, is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. In all, OsMPS is required for the adaptive growth response in rice during adverse environmental conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMPS affects plant growth&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is a direct regulator of genes encoding expansins, and it may function as a hub for&lt;br /&gt;
multiple hormones to control plant growth. OsMPS overexpression plants were severely reduced in size under control conditions, and we find that seedlings overexpress ing OsMPS was significantly less affected by salt stress than in EV seedings.(Figure4) In a word,in the absence of stress, knockdown of OsMPS increased biomass accumulation, while OsMPS overexpression impaired growth. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. OsMPS mis-expression causes metabolic changes related to growth&lt;br /&gt;
In OsMPS overexpression plants, a low level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates&lt;br /&gt;
2–oxoglutarate, malate and fumarate was observed, and these intermediates are directly linked to plant development as their abundance is a potential growth signal. Metabolic profiling revealed that OsMPS over-expression results in accumulation of amino acids and decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which may indicate a lower rate of protein synthesis and metabolism, correlating with the smaller plant size observed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.OsMPS affects heading date and panicle-related traits&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. OE6–2 plants showed a delay in heading and flowering by 21 days, and a reduced number of panicles per plant compared to the EV line.( Figure5) Down-regulation of OsMPScaused early heading and flowering. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. OsMPS modulates the expression of hormone and cell wall-related genes&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS negatively regulates the expression of several ARF and IAA genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibition of OsMPS over-expression lines was partially rescued by low concentrations of exogenous auxin. OsMPS acts as a negative regulator of auxin related genes and cell wall-remodeling genes. BR biosynthesis and signaling genes were found to be down-regulated upon over-expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.OsMPS affects the cell size and length of leaf epidermal cells&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure5.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in most tissues, including shoots, roots, anthers and seeds, but not in endosperm, stigma, ovary or the embryo. (Figure2') OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. However, Over-expression of OsMPS resulted in decreased plant stature at the seedling, vegetative and heading stage.(Figure3')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After salt stress induction, OsMPS can express in 30 min and 1 h , and Up-regulation of OsMPS was also observed in leaves after salt stress.(Figure1') Moreover, OsMPS expression is modulated by multiple hormones, Auxin, BL and GA, which are known to promote cell elongation (Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011), transiently decrease the expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure2'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure3'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is classified as an R2R3-type MYB TF belonging to clade C14, which includes AtMYB71, AtMYB79 and AtMYB121 from Arabidopsis and two uncharacterized rice MYB TFs. Using the web tool Phytozome (Goodsteinet al.,2012), homologous proteins from Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays and Setaria italica were identified and shown to share high sequence identity with OsMPS at the DNA-binding domain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization=== &lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS contains a putative nuclear localization signal immediately downstream of the R2R3 domain, so it locates in the nucleus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M€ uhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Romy Schmidt, Jos H. M. Schippers, Delphine Mieulet et al.(2013)  MULTIPASS, a rice R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. The Plant Journal  76,258–273&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os02g0618400|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = Similar to Snapdragon myb protein 305 homolog|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001053984.1 GI:115447338 GeneID:4330001|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2071 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os02g0618400, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 2|Chromosome 2]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 2:25438318..25440388|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 25438710..25439307,25439416..25439545,25440127..25440268|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MEGQQFAWGREEGGWRKGPWTAQEDKLLVEYVRQHGEGRWNSVA                     KITGLKRSGKSCRLRWVNYLRPDLKRGKITPQEESVILELHALWGNRWSTIARSLPGR                     TDNEIKNYWRTHFKKGKPSKNIERARARFLKQRREMQQQSQLMQTGQQQQLGQDDDAT                     SAVVDDNLAEVAPPAATSLTHDGELQIMQEMAPDMDDLLYYHPGDMSPYSYDDLLGSG                     GGECGAVAASAGAAASTSEGSSEELDGGAATWGSLWNLDDVVHDMMIDCAAGAGCCWG                     SFPPLQDKGLAFY&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;1082..1679#844..973#121..262#atcgatcgcttcatcactcgctagctcatcactgcgagcggagacagctcaggagggaggaagcaaaagaagagagagagagatcaagagatagacgaagagatttgtctgtgtaaatcaatggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtaggtgctatagctactgattgagtggtgttcttgcatgttcgtgaccatttcgatgttctctcgcacgttgtcccaaatcaagaagctcgatatatatagccttttaggaagaaattatagctagtagcatcagtttgcatttggtttgttaaattgcacgttggggcagtcaaacatgcaattagtacatgtttaaggttgcatatgtcgcccatgattgtcaagttgcatgatttgattccaattgcggcatttggtacgatcgtgttttcggagaataggcatttggtgcttgctctagcacatgcattaattaattaaaccgcgtatgaactgcatgcacgcgcgtgtaaattcgtcagaaccttttcctagctgtaaccgtggaaatccttttcctagctgagagttagcttcagatgattagcattaaccaagctttactttcttagttaagtacaaatgggagtggtaggtgtgtcatgtacatgttactttttctgcatatgtacgtcagctaattctgtctgatgctatgtatcttacagtactgagcctgtgtatgtcgtgctttgcaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtaacaacccatttgcaaatcctttcgtgatcgagctcgatcgcgtttaattttgccatgaatgtgtaactgattcgatcgatcgcattattctctgtggcggtgtaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactagctatagcttaacgattactaaattgctagctagctatagctacaagcctacacactctacaagtagatgttccttttggtcttgtgcatcgatccaaactgatagcacacagcagcctgtgcgtgtggaggaggtcacacgtagtgactatgcaggtgagagcgagaggccattttgtgtacacgaagtgttggtggataaggatgcaacaccaactatactccactttgagtagctagctcgcctcgatggcatgtttggctcatttgagagcgctttttctaggagaaaaaggaagggaagagtttttttctttgttttgcttttggagaaagaatataggaggactgcaggggggaaaatcaggtgttaaaagtgcatctgagctcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001053984.1 RefSeq:Os02g0618400]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 2]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172273</id>
		<title>Os02g0618400</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172273"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:50:08Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Function */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice, is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. In all, OsMPS is required for the adaptive growth response in rice during adverse environmental conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMPS affects plant growth&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is a direct regulator of genes encoding expansins, and it may function as a hub for&lt;br /&gt;
multiple hormones to control plant growth. OsMPS overexpression plants were severely reduced in size under control conditions, and we find that seedlings overexpress ing OsMPS was significantly less affected by salt stress than in EV seedings.(Figure4) In a word,in the absence of stress, knockdown of OsMPS increased biomass accumulation, while OsMPS overexpression impaired growth. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. OsMPS mis-expression causes metabolic changes related to growth&lt;br /&gt;
In OsMPS overexpression plants, a low level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates&lt;br /&gt;
2–oxoglutarate, malate and fumarate was observed, and these intermediates are directly linked to plant development as their abundance is a potential growth signal. Metabolic profiling revealed that OsMPS over-expression results in accumulation of amino acids and decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which may indicate a lower rate of protein synthesis and metabolism, correlating with the smaller plant size observed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.OsMPS affects heading date and panicle-related traits&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. OE6–2 plants showed a delay in heading and flowering by 21 days, and a reduced number of panicles per plant compared to the EV line.( Figure5) Down-regulation of OsMPScaused early heading and flowering. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. OsMPS modulates the expression of hormone and cell wall-related genes&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS negatively regulates the expression of several ARF and IAA genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibition of OsMPS over-expression lines was partially rescued by low concentrations of exogenous auxin. OsMPS acts as a negative regulator of auxin related genes and cell wall-remodeling genes. BR biosynthesis and signaling genes were found to be down-regulated upon over-expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.OsMPS affects the cell size and length of leaf epidermal cells&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure5.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in most tissues, including shoots, roots, anthers and seeds, but not in endosperm, stigma, ovary or the embryo. (Figure2') OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. However, Over-expression of OsMPS resulted in decreased plant stature at the seedling, vegetative and heading stage.(Figure3')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After salt stress induction, OsMPS can express in 30 min and 1 h , and Up-regulation of OsMPS was also observed in leaves after salt stress.(Figure1') Moreover, OsMPS expression is modulated by multiple hormones, Auxin, BL and GA, which are known to promote cell elongation (Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011), transiently decrease the expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure2'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure3'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is classified as an R2R3-type MYB TF belonging to clade C14, which includes AtMYB71, AtMYB79 and AtMYB121 from Arabidopsis and two uncharacterized rice MYB TFs. Using the web tool Phytozome (Goodsteinet al.,2012), homologous proteins from Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays and Setaria italica were identified and shown to share high sequence identity with OsMPS at the DNA-binding domain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization=== &lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS contains a putative nuclear localization signal immediately downstream of the R2R3 domain, so it locates in the nucleus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M€ uhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Romy Schmidt, Jos H. M. Schippers, Delphine Mieulet et al.(2013)  MULTIPASS, a rice R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. The Plant Journal  76,258–273&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os02g0618400|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = Similar to Snapdragon myb protein 305 homolog|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001053984.1 GI:115447338 GeneID:4330001|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2071 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os02g0618400, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 2|Chromosome 2]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 2:25438318..25440388|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 25438710..25439307,25439416..25439545,25440127..25440268|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MEGQQFAWGREEGGWRKGPWTAQEDKLLVEYVRQHGEGRWNSVA                     KITGLKRSGKSCRLRWVNYLRPDLKRGKITPQEESVILELHALWGNRWSTIARSLPGR                     TDNEIKNYWRTHFKKGKPSKNIERARARFLKQRREMQQQSQLMQTGQQQQLGQDDDAT                     SAVVDDNLAEVAPPAATSLTHDGELQIMQEMAPDMDDLLYYHPGDMSPYSYDDLLGSG                     GGECGAVAASAGAAASTSEGSSEELDGGAATWGSLWNLDDVVHDMMIDCAAGAGCCWG                     SFPPLQDKGLAFY&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;1082..1679#844..973#121..262#atcgatcgcttcatcactcgctagctcatcactgcgagcggagacagctcaggagggaggaagcaaaagaagagagagagagatcaagagatagacgaagagatttgtctgtgtaaatcaatggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtaggtgctatagctactgattgagtggtgttcttgcatgttcgtgaccatttcgatgttctctcgcacgttgtcccaaatcaagaagctcgatatatatagccttttaggaagaaattatagctagtagcatcagtttgcatttggtttgttaaattgcacgttggggcagtcaaacatgcaattagtacatgtttaaggttgcatatgtcgcccatgattgtcaagttgcatgatttgattccaattgcggcatttggtacgatcgtgttttcggagaataggcatttggtgcttgctctagcacatgcattaattaattaaaccgcgtatgaactgcatgcacgcgcgtgtaaattcgtcagaaccttttcctagctgtaaccgtggaaatccttttcctagctgagagttagcttcagatgattagcattaaccaagctttactttcttagttaagtacaaatgggagtggtaggtgtgtcatgtacatgttactttttctgcatatgtacgtcagctaattctgtctgatgctatgtatcttacagtactgagcctgtgtatgtcgtgctttgcaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtaacaacccatttgcaaatcctttcgtgatcgagctcgatcgcgtttaattttgccatgaatgtgtaactgattcgatcgatcgcattattctctgtggcggtgtaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactagctatagcttaacgattactaaattgctagctagctatagctacaagcctacacactctacaagtagatgttccttttggtcttgtgcatcgatccaaactgatagcacacagcagcctgtgcgtgtggaggaggtcacacgtagtgactatgcaggtgagagcgagaggccattttgtgtacacgaagtgttggtggataaggatgcaacaccaactatactccactttgagtagctagctcgcctcgatggcatgtttggctcatttgagagcgctttttctaggagaaaaaggaagggaagagtttttttctttgttttgcttttggagaaagaatataggaggactgcaggggggaaaatcaggtgttaaaagtgcatctgagctcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001053984.1 RefSeq:Os02g0618400]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 2]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172267</id>
		<title>Os02g0618400</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172267"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:46:23Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Localization */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice, is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. In all, OsMPS is required for the adaptive growth response in rice during adverse environmental conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMPS affects plant growth&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is a direct regulator of genes encoding expansins, and it may function as a hub for&lt;br /&gt;
multiple hormones to control plant growth. OsMPS overexpression plants were severely reduced in size under control conditions, and we find that seedlings overexpress ing OsMPS was significantly less affected by salt stress than in EV seedings.(Figure4) In a word,in the absence of stress, knockdown of OsMPS increased biomass accumulation, while OsMPS overexpression impaired growth. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. OsMPS mis-expression causes metabolic changes related to growth&lt;br /&gt;
In OsMPS overexpression plants, a low level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates&lt;br /&gt;
2–oxoglutarate, malate and fumarate was observed, and these intermediates are directly linked to plant development as their abundance is a potential growth signal. Metabolic profiling revealed that OsMPS over-expression results in accumulation of amino acids and decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which may indicate a lower rate of protein synthesis and metabolism, correlating with the smaller plant size observed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.OsMPS affects heading date and panicle-related traits&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. OE6–2 plants showed a delay in heading and flowering by 21 days, and a reduced number of panicles per plant compared to the EV line.( Figure5) Down-regulation of OsMPScaused early heading and flowering. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. OsMPS modulates the expression of hormone and cell wall-related genes&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS negatively regulates the expression of several ARF and IAA genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibition of OsMPS over-expression lines was partially rescued by low concentrations of exogenous auxin. OsMPS acts as a negative regulator of auxin related genes and cell wall-remodeling genes. BR biosynthesis and signaling genes were found to be down-regulated upon over-expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure5.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in most tissues, including shoots, roots, anthers and seeds, but not in endosperm, stigma, ovary or the embryo. (Figure2') OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. However, Over-expression of OsMPS resulted in decreased plant stature at the seedling, vegetative and heading stage.(Figure3')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After salt stress induction, OsMPS can express in 30 min and 1 h , and Up-regulation of OsMPS was also observed in leaves after salt stress.(Figure1') Moreover, OsMPS expression is modulated by multiple hormones, Auxin, BL and GA, which are known to promote cell elongation (Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011), transiently decrease the expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure2'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure3'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is classified as an R2R3-type MYB TF belonging to clade C14, which includes AtMYB71, AtMYB79 and AtMYB121 from Arabidopsis and two uncharacterized rice MYB TFs. Using the web tool Phytozome (Goodsteinet al.,2012), homologous proteins from Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays and Setaria italica were identified and shown to share high sequence identity with OsMPS at the DNA-binding domain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization=== &lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS contains a putative nuclear localization signal immediately downstream of the R2R3 domain, so it locates in the nucleus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M€ uhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Romy Schmidt, Jos H. M. Schippers, Delphine Mieulet et al.(2013)  MULTIPASS, a rice R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. The Plant Journal  76,258–273&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os02g0618400|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = Similar to Snapdragon myb protein 305 homolog|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001053984.1 GI:115447338 GeneID:4330001|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2071 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os02g0618400, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 2|Chromosome 2]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 2:25438318..25440388|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 25438710..25439307,25439416..25439545,25440127..25440268|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MEGQQFAWGREEGGWRKGPWTAQEDKLLVEYVRQHGEGRWNSVA                     KITGLKRSGKSCRLRWVNYLRPDLKRGKITPQEESVILELHALWGNRWSTIARSLPGR                     TDNEIKNYWRTHFKKGKPSKNIERARARFLKQRREMQQQSQLMQTGQQQQLGQDDDAT                     SAVVDDNLAEVAPPAATSLTHDGELQIMQEMAPDMDDLLYYHPGDMSPYSYDDLLGSG                     GGECGAVAASAGAAASTSEGSSEELDGGAATWGSLWNLDDVVHDMMIDCAAGAGCCWG                     SFPPLQDKGLAFY&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;1082..1679#844..973#121..262#atcgatcgcttcatcactcgctagctcatcactgcgagcggagacagctcaggagggaggaagcaaaagaagagagagagagatcaagagatagacgaagagatttgtctgtgtaaatcaatggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtaggtgctatagctactgattgagtggtgttcttgcatgttcgtgaccatttcgatgttctctcgcacgttgtcccaaatcaagaagctcgatatatatagccttttaggaagaaattatagctagtagcatcagtttgcatttggtttgttaaattgcacgttggggcagtcaaacatgcaattagtacatgtttaaggttgcatatgtcgcccatgattgtcaagttgcatgatttgattccaattgcggcatttggtacgatcgtgttttcggagaataggcatttggtgcttgctctagcacatgcattaattaattaaaccgcgtatgaactgcatgcacgcgcgtgtaaattcgtcagaaccttttcctagctgtaaccgtggaaatccttttcctagctgagagttagcttcagatgattagcattaaccaagctttactttcttagttaagtacaaatgggagtggtaggtgtgtcatgtacatgttactttttctgcatatgtacgtcagctaattctgtctgatgctatgtatcttacagtactgagcctgtgtatgtcgtgctttgcaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtaacaacccatttgcaaatcctttcgtgatcgagctcgatcgcgtttaattttgccatgaatgtgtaactgattcgatcgatcgcattattctctgtggcggtgtaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactagctatagcttaacgattactaaattgctagctagctatagctacaagcctacacactctacaagtagatgttccttttggtcttgtgcatcgatccaaactgatagcacacagcagcctgtgcgtgtggaggaggtcacacgtagtgactatgcaggtgagagcgagaggccattttgtgtacacgaagtgttggtggataaggatgcaacaccaactatactccactttgagtagctagctcgcctcgatggcatgtttggctcatttgagagcgctttttctaggagaaaaaggaagggaagagtttttttctttgttttgcttttggagaaagaatataggaggactgcaggggggaaaatcaggtgttaaaagtgcatctgagctcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001053984.1 RefSeq:Os02g0618400]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 2]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172265</id>
		<title>Os02g0618400</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172265"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:44:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Expression= */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice, is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. In all, OsMPS is required for the adaptive growth response in rice during adverse environmental conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMPS affects plant growth&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is a direct regulator of genes encoding expansins, and it may function as a hub for&lt;br /&gt;
multiple hormones to control plant growth. OsMPS overexpression plants were severely reduced in size under control conditions, and we find that seedlings overexpress ing OsMPS was significantly less affected by salt stress than in EV seedings.(Figure4) In a word,in the absence of stress, knockdown of OsMPS increased biomass accumulation, while OsMPS overexpression impaired growth. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. OsMPS mis-expression causes metabolic changes related to growth&lt;br /&gt;
In OsMPS overexpression plants, a low level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates&lt;br /&gt;
2–oxoglutarate, malate and fumarate was observed, and these intermediates are directly linked to plant development as their abundance is a potential growth signal. Metabolic profiling revealed that OsMPS over-expression results in accumulation of amino acids and decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which may indicate a lower rate of protein synthesis and metabolism, correlating with the smaller plant size observed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.OsMPS affects heading date and panicle-related traits&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. OE6–2 plants showed a delay in heading and flowering by 21 days, and a reduced number of panicles per plant compared to the EV line.( Figure5) Down-regulation of OsMPScaused early heading and flowering. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. OsMPS modulates the expression of hormone and cell wall-related genes&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS negatively regulates the expression of several ARF and IAA genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibition of OsMPS over-expression lines was partially rescued by low concentrations of exogenous auxin. OsMPS acts as a negative regulator of auxin related genes and cell wall-remodeling genes. BR biosynthesis and signaling genes were found to be down-regulated upon over-expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure5.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in most tissues, including shoots, roots, anthers and seeds, but not in endosperm, stigma, ovary or the embryo. (Figure2') OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. However, Over-expression of OsMPS resulted in decreased plant stature at the seedling, vegetative and heading stage.(Figure3')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After salt stress induction, OsMPS can express in 30 min and 1 h , and Up-regulation of OsMPS was also observed in leaves after salt stress.(Figure1') Moreover, OsMPS expression is modulated by multiple hormones, Auxin, BL and GA, which are known to promote cell elongation (Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011), transiently decrease the expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure2'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure3'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is classified as an R2R3-type MYB TF belonging to clade C14, which includes AtMYB71, AtMYB79 and AtMYB121 from Arabidopsis and two uncharacterized rice MYB TFs. Using the web tool Phytozome (Goodsteinet al.,2012), homologous proteins from Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays and Setaria italica were identified and shown to share high sequence identity with OsMPS at the DNA-binding domain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization=== &lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS contains a putative nuclear localization signal immediately downstream of the R2R3 domain&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M€ uhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Romy Schmidt, Jos H. M. Schippers, Delphine Mieulet et al.(2013)  MULTIPASS, a rice R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. The Plant Journal  76,258–273&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os02g0618400|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = Similar to Snapdragon myb protein 305 homolog|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001053984.1 GI:115447338 GeneID:4330001|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2071 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os02g0618400, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 2|Chromosome 2]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 2:25438318..25440388|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 25438710..25439307,25439416..25439545,25440127..25440268|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MEGQQFAWGREEGGWRKGPWTAQEDKLLVEYVRQHGEGRWNSVA                     KITGLKRSGKSCRLRWVNYLRPDLKRGKITPQEESVILELHALWGNRWSTIARSLPGR                     TDNEIKNYWRTHFKKGKPSKNIERARARFLKQRREMQQQSQLMQTGQQQQLGQDDDAT                     SAVVDDNLAEVAPPAATSLTHDGELQIMQEMAPDMDDLLYYHPGDMSPYSYDDLLGSG                     GGECGAVAASAGAAASTSEGSSEELDGGAATWGSLWNLDDVVHDMMIDCAAGAGCCWG                     SFPPLQDKGLAFY&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;1082..1679#844..973#121..262#atcgatcgcttcatcactcgctagctcatcactgcgagcggagacagctcaggagggaggaagcaaaagaagagagagagagatcaagagatagacgaagagatttgtctgtgtaaatcaatggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtaggtgctatagctactgattgagtggtgttcttgcatgttcgtgaccatttcgatgttctctcgcacgttgtcccaaatcaagaagctcgatatatatagccttttaggaagaaattatagctagtagcatcagtttgcatttggtttgttaaattgcacgttggggcagtcaaacatgcaattagtacatgtttaaggttgcatatgtcgcccatgattgtcaagttgcatgatttgattccaattgcggcatttggtacgatcgtgttttcggagaataggcatttggtgcttgctctagcacatgcattaattaattaaaccgcgtatgaactgcatgcacgcgcgtgtaaattcgtcagaaccttttcctagctgtaaccgtggaaatccttttcctagctgagagttagcttcagatgattagcattaaccaagctttactttcttagttaagtacaaatgggagtggtaggtgtgtcatgtacatgttactttttctgcatatgtacgtcagctaattctgtctgatgctatgtatcttacagtactgagcctgtgtatgtcgtgctttgcaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtaacaacccatttgcaaatcctttcgtgatcgagctcgatcgcgtttaattttgccatgaatgtgtaactgattcgatcgatcgcattattctctgtggcggtgtaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactagctatagcttaacgattactaaattgctagctagctatagctacaagcctacacactctacaagtagatgttccttttggtcttgtgcatcgatccaaactgatagcacacagcagcctgtgcgtgtggaggaggtcacacgtagtgactatgcaggtgagagcgagaggccattttgtgtacacgaagtgttggtggataaggatgcaacaccaactatactccactttgagtagctagctcgcctcgatggcatgtttggctcatttgagagcgctttttctaggagaaaaaggaagggaagagtttttttctttgttttgcttttggagaaagaatataggaggactgcaggggggaaaatcaggtgttaaaagtgcatctgagctcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001053984.1 RefSeq:Os02g0618400]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 2]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172264</id>
		<title>Os02g0618400</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os02g0618400&amp;diff=172264"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:44:08Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Function */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice, is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. In all, OsMPS is required for the adaptive growth response in rice during adverse environmental conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMPS affects plant growth&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is a direct regulator of genes encoding expansins, and it may function as a hub for&lt;br /&gt;
multiple hormones to control plant growth. OsMPS overexpression plants were severely reduced in size under control conditions, and we find that seedlings overexpress ing OsMPS was significantly less affected by salt stress than in EV seedings.(Figure4) In a word,in the absence of stress, knockdown of OsMPS increased biomass accumulation, while OsMPS overexpression impaired growth. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. OsMPS mis-expression causes metabolic changes related to growth&lt;br /&gt;
In OsMPS overexpression plants, a low level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates&lt;br /&gt;
2–oxoglutarate, malate and fumarate was observed, and these intermediates are directly linked to plant development as their abundance is a potential growth signal. Metabolic profiling revealed that OsMPS over-expression results in accumulation of amino acids and decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which may indicate a lower rate of protein synthesis and metabolism, correlating with the smaller plant size observed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.OsMPS affects heading date and panicle-related traits&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. OE6–2 plants showed a delay in heading and flowering by 21 days, and a reduced number of panicles per plant compared to the EV line.( Figure5) Down-regulation of OsMPScaused early heading and flowering. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. OsMPS modulates the expression of hormone and cell wall-related genes&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS negatively regulates the expression of several ARF and IAA genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibition of OsMPS over-expression lines was partially rescued by low concentrations of exogenous auxin. OsMPS acts as a negative regulator of auxin related genes and cell wall-remodeling genes. BR biosynthesis and signaling genes were found to be down-regulated upon over-expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure4.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure5.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is expressed in most tissues, including shoots, roots, anthers and seeds, but not in endosperm, stigma, ovary or the embryo. (Figure2') OsMPS is expressed in anthers and spikelets, suggesting a role in reproductive development. However, Over-expression of OsMPS resulted in decreased plant stature at the seedling, vegetative and heading stage.(Figure3')&lt;br /&gt;
After salt stress induction, OsMPS can express in 30 min and 1 h , and Up-regulation of OsMPS was also observed in leaves after salt stress.(Figure1') Moreover, OsMPS expression is modulated by multiple hormones, Auxin, BL and GA, which are known to promote cell elongation (Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011), transiently decrease the expression of OsMPS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1'.jpg]]  [[File:figure2'.jpg]] [[File:figure3'.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS is classified as an R2R3-type MYB TF belonging to clade C14, which includes AtMYB71, AtMYB79 and AtMYB121 from Arabidopsis and two uncharacterized rice MYB TFs. Using the web tool Phytozome (Goodsteinet al.,2012), homologous proteins from Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays and Setaria italica were identified and shown to share high sequence identity with OsMPS at the DNA-binding domain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization=== &lt;br /&gt;
OsMPS contains a putative nuclear localization signal immediately downstream of the R2R3 domain&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M€ uhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Romy Schmidt, Jos H. M. Schippers, Delphine Mieulet et al.(2013)  MULTIPASS, a rice R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. The Plant Journal  76,258–273&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os02g0618400|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = Similar to Snapdragon myb protein 305 homolog|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001053984.1 GI:115447338 GeneID:4330001|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2071 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os02g0618400, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 2|Chromosome 2]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 2:25438318..25440388|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 25438710..25439307,25439416..25439545,25440127..25440268|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008395:25438318..25440388&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome02&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MEGQQFAWGREEGGWRKGPWTAQEDKLLVEYVRQHGEGRWNSVA                     KITGLKRSGKSCRLRWVNYLRPDLKRGKITPQEESVILELHALWGNRWSTIARSLPGR                     TDNEIKNYWRTHFKKGKPSKNIERARARFLKQRREMQQQSQLMQTGQQQQLGQDDDAT                     SAVVDDNLAEVAPPAATSLTHDGELQIMQEMAPDMDDLLYYHPGDMSPYSYDDLLGSG                     GGECGAVAASAGAAASTSEGSSEELDGGAATWGSLWNLDDVVHDMMIDCAAGAGCCWG                     SFPPLQDKGLAFY&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;1082..1679#844..973#121..262#atcgatcgcttcatcactcgctagctcatcactgcgagcggagacagctcaggagggaggaagcaaaagaagagagagagagatcaagagatagacgaagagatttgtctgtgtaaatcaatggaagggcagcagttcgcttggggaagggaggagggagggtggaggaaagggccatggacagcgcaggaagacaagctgctggttgagtacgtgaggcagcacggcgaagggaggtggaattctgtcgccaagatcacaggtaggtgctatagctactgattgagtggtgttcttgcatgttcgtgaccatttcgatgttctctcgcacgttgtcccaaatcaagaagctcgatatatatagccttttaggaagaaattatagctagtagcatcagtttgcatttggtttgttaaattgcacgttggggcagtcaaacatgcaattagtacatgtttaaggttgcatatgtcgcccatgattgtcaagttgcatgatttgattccaattgcggcatttggtacgatcgtgttttcggagaataggcatttggtgcttgctctagcacatgcattaattaattaaaccgcgtatgaactgcatgcacgcgcgtgtaaattcgtcagaaccttttcctagctgtaaccgtggaaatccttttcctagctgagagttagcttcagatgattagcattaaccaagctttactttcttagttaagtacaaatgggagtggtaggtgtgtcatgtacatgttactttttctgcatatgtacgtcagctaattctgtctgatgctatgtatcttacagtactgagcctgtgtatgtcgtgctttgcaggtctgaagagaagtggcaagagctgcaggcttcgttgggtgaactacctgagacctgacctcaagcgaggcaagatcacgccacaggaggagagcgtcatactcgagcttcatgccttgtggggaaacaggtaacaacccatttgcaaatcctttcgtgatcgagctcgatcgcgtttaattttgccatgaatgtgtaactgattcgatcgatcgcattattctctgtggcggtgtaggtggtcgacgatcgcgcgtagcctgcctggcaggacggacaacgagatcaagaactactggaggacgcacttcaagaagggcaagccgtccaagaacatcgagcgcgcgagggctcggttcctgaagcagcgccgcgagatgcagcagcagagccagctgatgcaaaccggccagcagcagcagctcggccaagacgacgacgccaccagcgcggtggtggacgacaaccttgcggaggtcgcgccaccagccgccacctcgctgacccacgacggcgagctccagataatgcaggagatggcgccggacatggacgacctgctgtactaccacccgggagacatgtcgccctattcctacgacgacctcctcggcagcggcggcggcgagtgcggcgccgtggcggccagcgctggcgctgccgcctcgacgagcgagggctcaagcgaggagctcgacggcggcgccgccacgtggggcagcctgtggaacctcgacgacgtggtgcacgacatgatgatcgactgcgccgccggcgccggctgctgctggggtagcttccctccgctacaggataaaggcctcgctttctactagctatagcttaacgattactaaattgctagctagctatagctacaagcctacacactctacaagtagatgttccttttggtcttgtgcatcgatccaaactgatagcacacagcagcctgtgcgtgtggaggaggtcacacgtagtgactatgcaggtgagagcgagaggccattttgtgtacacgaagtgttggtggataaggatgcaacaccaactatactccactttgagtagctagctcgcctcgatggcatgtttggctcatttgagagcgctttttctaggagaaaaaggaagggaagagtttttttctttgttttgcttttggagaaagaatataggaggactgcaggggggaaaatcaggtgttaaaagtgcatctgagctcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001053984.1 RefSeq:Os02g0618400]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 2]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=172260</id>
		<title>Os05g0498300</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=172260"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:41:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* References */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;OsMSH5,similar to MSH5--a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
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1.MSH5, a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination in budding yeast, mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. OsMSH5, is its rice homolog. &lt;br /&gt;
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2.OsMSH5 functions upstream of OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10 in class I crossover formation.&lt;br /&gt;
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3.We investigated OsMSH5’s roles during CO formation and synapsis and find that loss of OsMSH5 function resulted in a severe reduction in CO formation, which means OsMSH5, similar to its homolog MSH5, plays a vital role in Meiosis.&lt;br /&gt;
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4.In addition to ZEP1, three other ZMM proteins including OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10, their loading depends on OsMSH5.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMSH5is predominantly expressed in panicles. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that OsMSH5 chromosomal localization is limited to the early meiotic prophase I.&lt;br /&gt;
In wild-type, OsMSH5 foci appeared almost at the same time as OsREC8 signals at leptotene(Figure 4A). number of OsMSH5 foci accumulated rapidly and reached a peak at early zygotene (Figure 4B). At early pachytene, most OsMSH5 foci started to leave from chromosomes (Figure 4C). With the progression of meiosis, however, the number of OsMSH5 foci decreased rapidly and only a few residual foci were observed at late pachytene. OsMSH5 signals were absent at diplotene and could not be detected thereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure 4A 4B 4C.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMSH5 shows significant homology with MSH5 in Arabidopsis (66% identity and 82% similarity) and is also highly related to the MSH5 in mammals and budding yeast. OsMSH5 contains a  conserved ATP-binding motif at its C-terminus (amino acids: 538–746, conserved domains ), and is similar to AtMSH5 lacking the MutS domain I, which is essential for the activity of DNA mismatch repairing.&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
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1.Five independent Osmsh5 mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth and severe sterility. The synaptonemal complex is well installed in Osmsh5, while the chiasma frequency is greatly reduced to approximately 10% of that observed in the wild-type, leading to the homologous nondisjunction and complete sterile phenotype.&lt;br /&gt;
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2.Five mutants related to MSH5 are designated Osmsh5-1, Osmsh5-2, Osmsh5-3, Osmsh5-4, and Osmsh5-5, respectively. And Osmsh5-1 has single nucleotide T deletion was identified at position 9909, creating a new stop codon in exon 29, displayed a reduction in fertility. Here is the rice Osmsh5-1 mutant phenotype compared with WT phenotype.(figure A and B; figure C and D)&lt;br /&gt;
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3.In the Osmsh5-1 mutant, meiotic chromosome behavior was almost identical to that of the wild-type from leptotene to pachytene (Figure 3Jand L). However, several chromosomal defects  were  apparent  from  diakinesis  through  to  the  following meiotic stages. Different numbers of univalents were observed at diakinesis in Osmsh5-1(Figure 3M)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure A and B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure C and D.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure L.jpg]]  &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure M.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure J.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
1.College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University.&lt;br /&gt;
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2.bState Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Qiong Luo, Ding Tang, Mo Wang et al(2013). The Role of OsMSH5 in Crossover Formation during Rice Meiosis, Molecular Plant, 6(3) :729–742.&lt;br /&gt;
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2.Chelysheva L., Vezon D., Chambon A., Gendrot G., Pereira L., Lemhemdi A., Vrielynck N., Le Guin S., Novatchkova M., Grelon M. (2012). The Arabidopsis HEI10 is a new ZMM protein related to Zip3. PLoS Genet. 8, e1002799&lt;br /&gt;
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==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os05g0498300|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = MutS III domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001062483.1 GI:115464696 GeneID:4339215|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 11441 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os05g0498300, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 5|Chromosome 5]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 5:24570055..24581495|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 24570338..24570388,24570950..24570981,24571073..24571167,24571361..24571441,24571514..24571586&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24572153..24572216,24572814..24572965,24573203..24573304,24573379..24573406&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24573481..24573512,24573596..24573653,24573754..24573840,24574377..24574433&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24574651..24574752,24574893..24574937,24575965..24576042,24576699..24576749&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24576824..24576905,24577232..24577305,24577373..24577469,24578033..24578129&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24578222..24578311,24578429..24578493,24578579..24578637,24578729..24578805&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24579041..24579127,24579203..24579262,24579358..24579421,24580218..24580271&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24580376..24580458,24580553..24580584,24580663..24580686,24580978..24581093&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24581172..24581252|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttgtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatgattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacaatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcgttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttgacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattgcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcgacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MDEEEEEEMSEREVDSQVHMACVMQGRRVGIAYYDSSMHQLFVL                     EIWEDITEDFPLIDLVKYQSKPSTIYTSTKTDEALLLALQRNDCNDEAPAVKLMKSST                     FSYEQAWHRLMYLKVAAMDEGLSVKERICFLNSMMDLGSDVQVRAAGGLLAILDNERL                     LDTLDQMEGGASIAIDSVAQISLDKFLKLDATAHEALQIFQVDKHPSYMGIGRAKEGF                     SVFGMLNKCVTPMGKHLLRTWFLRPIIDIDVINNRLNTISFFLCCEDVMSALRGTLKS                     VRDIPHMLKKFNSPSSFCTSSDWHAFLKCICSLLHINKIFEVGISEHLAIKLQHMNID                     LVGKANSSITEELDYVSDLVVGVIDVQRGKEKGYDTLVKDGLCEELDELRMVYEELPD                     FLEQVSANEIASFPFSFECRKAPLIVYVHQIGYLMCFFDEKISDALLIGLPDFEFAFS                     EEGEERRFYYHTQKTRELDNLLGDIYHKILDMERAIIRDLVCRVCQFIPQLTKAVNFA                     AELDCILSLAIVARQNNYVRPILTEDSILEIQNGRHALQEMTVDTFVPNDTKIRSSGR                     INIITGPNYSGKSIYIKQVALVVFLAHIGSFVPADSAIVGLTDRIFCAMGSKSMTSEQ                     STFMIDLHQVGTMLRHATSRSLCLLDEFGKGTLTEDGIGLLGGTISHFTDYDCPPKVL                     LSTHLTQIFTESYLPQSEHIKCYTMSVLNPDEQTDNEDVIFLYRLVPGQALLSFGLHC                     AQLAGVPSEVVQRAVTVLGDIHSKRPIRRMVWEKLAAKDQQYQDAVTKLLAFDPHKGD                     LVNFFQEVFPS&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;284..334#896..927#1019..1113#1307..1387#1460..1532#2099..2162#2760..2911#3149..3250#3325..3352#3427..3458#3542..3599#3700..3786#4323..4379#4597..4698#4839..4883#5911..5988#6645..6695#6770..6851#7178..7251#7319..7415#7979..8075#8168..8257#8375..8439#8525..8583#8675..8751#8987..9073#9149..9208#9304..9367#10164..10217#10322..10404#10499..10530#10609..10632#10924..11039#11118..11198#aacaacttccttcccgtacaagccagtgcccgagccacgctcccgccgcacttcgcccctcgccgcctagcttgctccatcctccgcgcccgcgcagctgcgctcgccgtcgccgtcgctgcctagcttcctccagcctccgcatctgcgctctatttgtaccgcattctcggaggaggagcaggaggcgaggagccgccgagtagaggagagggggaggcgaagtcggtgctctcgccgggggttgacggtggaactccgggcgagcgatcgagccggcgaaatggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggtgcgtattggcccgatccttccgagttcctcgcctcttattgcgccacacggagtagatttctctgcccccccctcccccaccccgctgcaatccgatcgaatcgtgttgccgaaaccccagttccgcgcgatgccgggttctattttattttaaacgaaaatgtcgtgttctagtctggaatgtagcttagtagttgtagacatcagctgtactgcttttacggcaccttcccgagcgtcacacattttccttttatctgatgcggatgcggcgccatgctcagatttggttcaggtgatgcttaggaaaggcgaatcaaacattgctagtttagttgatgatttctgtaatgttgttcattgtacaagcctcaaaccaccttccgaccagatgcacattttgatatgcaaatgcattcctctgtatttctcatgatgagacgaatcgatgtattgagtttaagaggaacagccgaacaggtcctatagctgtagaaaattttgcacgtctttgttctaatgcactgtacgtactgagtgtcaaaggattacatttcaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcaggtaaaattttgatgcatacttgatttgttgagtctgagataccactgtttctctatctaacattaatccatgctactttaatgattctcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttggtatggtgctcatatgaccacacttataccaactaatttctctatctatatgaaacggaaatttacttgtaatataatgcatttttggtaacaaacaatttacatcatgtccactgtcaactattttgaacacttcgaatagaggaaacatggttatatagctgacaatctgtggtgttttttgctgtcacagtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatggtttgaactgcaacaatttctttaaccaatatcttcagttctcctttaatgattttggttaaaatcattcagattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacaggttagcagctctgttaaagtgatacatgcgatttccacaccacataatatgctttacctgattcgcaagaattgataggacttaatacacaaatgctaaattgtgtcgcatgttgcatctgcatatgaaatcaaccacattgatcaagtgagcaatcaaagctaaatgtgcatggtttggaaacttctaaagtactacttcctccgttccacaatgtaaaactttctagcattgcctagattcatatatatgttaatgaatctagatatatatagaaaacatatacattgatcaatggataaatctaggtaaggccaaaaagtcttacaatatgaaacagagggagtattcattaacagaggtgtttggtaacttatgttacataccgcgatcttgtgatgcatagatgttggccgatcccttttcaatgaggaaaccaagaattatcaattccgggaaaaattcattacaagcaacaaccttgtaggctaatagtaccttcacctgtcaatcattatatttctgatgatgtgatgatgaaatatcattgtgtttgtaaatttcagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttgtaagtgatttaagtgagattgcctctactcgtttgtacttatatgttttagatcatctacattggcacgagcttaagcatttatgaattattgttcaaactactgctaaagccatatattccttttctgacatttcttcattgtcacatatagcatgcacaatttatgaatattagcatattgcccatgcgttgcaacagaattaaaaaaaataacgtcatcaacccgtttttctatcacttacatatctcatctcttaatttctgatacacctttgagctgataggtggaaccttcggacccacactctcatttacggtgaagaaagtacatgtccattatgctcaattgcatagttagaaacagatcttttatcttcattgtaatgagctgttgagtagcattttctgtgtgaagatctgtttgcatcttccactggacatcctttatttgtctcacacaagttgctgttacactctttctatttccttttctatcactcgcccttctggctcaattttttgtttctgtcactcagatttgtctttcaagttttgttattatgcagtggtaataattttaggatttgtttacagcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattttatccttttatccgtaatgatattatacggactaaatgtgctaatgtactgatcagcatgtttttgtggttttactttggaaacaagttagaaagctatttatgtaggattgtaggtactcttcagggtaaagttatatcttgacaatttgttgcatagtgttcgatgcattcttaacaggctggtattctcatgtttttgtgtatttagtattatattccttgacacgctctcagggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggtaaggattttgtctaaaccttgtactttctcatagccatggttctgatttgtaatagtaacaaaaaattacaggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataaggtaaatgagatatttctcttctattcttcgtttctaccagtttactgattatgttgtggtcttgtggattgtagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggtcactgttactttctataatcatgattgcagatttgcagtaagaatggcattcgtcttaactaattttatgcttcattccaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacagtatccttaatttgttgaatacacatttctcaatttccccaatgctcaataccaaaaaggtaccagtagatttctgaactgtttctcctagacatgctagatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaaggtgctattatctttactctgtatgttacttgtacctccttttcttatcattccccatgttataaaaagagaggtgtgctgaaataaagtaaacaaatgatagtatctcacagtcctctgttgaaaaacagaggttaaacctgccttttgtgttgagtatgttggtgttgcttgtgttttacccttcacataaatgtataaattctgtagttctcttttagtatttggtcattgctcatggctttgttttcttggactcgcacacattgtgagttttgttctcaatgatatatatgttgtcgttgttgtacatataagaaggaacaaagccttgctttttttaagttagcaattattctatttgaagtagaagagactcaagagtaatgttaactgtgaaataattgaatcaacggatcatgataattatatgcttatcataacatgtcgtggttattcttattctctttgagcacacattattcttcttcacagtttttctaatgtgcataactgacattttatatttttctgaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaaggtacctacctgtaatgatgcatatggatctggctattactttataaatgcacaatcactttgaatatgctcctgcgttttccttctcccacttagctattccatatttgaagctctgccctaagtgcaagatacgaagcacccatacgtgcatgattttcttttctttcatttctcttgctgataatatcccttttctttcacttctcttatttcagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggtatgcctccaagtaggggctattaattttcatcatcacttaaataatagaaatttggtacaatagtgttattgcacatccatgaaaccttattttataataatgctttctccacattcatgaaactttaatgttttcaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtcagttgcaacacaattgcatcttacttgaaatgaacaaggaaattcggatacattgttttgcctttaacttagggcttgttcactttgctaccattttcaaccttaccaagttttggcattgccaaattttggtaagatagcagtctaaacgtgtctcgaataacgtaccacattataccatgccaaaatttggtaattttctagaatcttcacatagctccacacaaaagaattggtaaggcgccaaacctctaccttaccattttttagcatttgccaaactttaccaaaattcggtaggatttattttgggatcaaagtgaacaggcctttagaatgtagtgtgatagatcattagatcattggatacaacaataccaacaatggaacttttgatttatgtagcctgtgttagaccatatagttttacttgactgcttgagcttattctcctgatagcttgatgagacaattgttagcagtgaattatacagatgcatgtgctcatctcctgggtttttatctctaacgatgcagcatactgcagtatggagattatcaccataaagtgtgggccttgactgtgtagtggactgatgcttgataatattaagagagcatgattatttgcaggtttattcttttgaagtattaagattaaaaatttggcagtgttatggaggtcctagatgtattcatactggtattggtagtgagctacacgtttccatgcaaatatgcacagtcccgctagagacctgttcccatattattagtttgtcagatgccatgtatgcagtttgccactttggtattgtcatcaatatcttcctgacttaaatggctatttctgcaactggcaactttttccaaggaatattgagcctatgggacttaatgctgataattccagaactttttcaccgtaaaggcgcatatttatctgggcttctgtggagctttacttagccctttttctttctcatatatgaggtcaatggttgtatacatctgttatccataggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggaggttggaccttgcacttctttctttatgccggagtcatgttctgttcttgaattacatttttaggttctcgttccatgtaattaagcatcactttaaaggtattgtgaggatttgggggggaggggggggcagacatcatcagtaccagcaactcctgtttaaagtaatatagattttgccattatcatcctcagatgttccagttgtagttctcaccatggtgctactttctgctgagtgtattcccttgttctcaaatgctgtttatctaccaatggttctacatatgaaattttcaaacctggttatggacttatagttcagttgttcacagggatctagtcatattggggagaccaggcgcaggtcatggtttggaatttgtacaatgcacatgttgggtgtgggagagtgggagggtggttgcatgctttcatcattatggttttcctagctgttcgtctataactaatatttagtgcttcgtattaactagtaaatttgaactgtttagaaaaatattcgccagattatgtttattttactgctattaaattattgaacttgtttggttcttcgaaatgtctacattttcctgttgctatgatcataattataaaggtttgtctaaatttatttctcttaatgaaaaatagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtaatgaatcttcagacccaaaaattaatttgaatcctttatttcataatttctaataacttagttgtttctaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggtatctttttccctcatctgttgcattttcataccgcctttttcttattgtgctatttaatttgatattacctacctttctatatatgattttagcatggatgtagaaccaactatcatcactaccacctgaaatatactccctctgtttttttatttgacattgatagttgtcaagtaaaagaaaatagaggcaaaagctagttagaaatatgtagctgctaaataatgatggtaatgttcaacatgctctttttgagaaaaaaatcttgcatctgaacattcgtattcaccactatttatgtatttcatgcttgctgttcccaggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcggtatgcgctgtcttatttttattttgggtttaagttttgagtatgtaataatttccctttttatcagttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttggtagtttcattcattgatttgtttacttctttttttttctgtcttgctgatgatgaagacaaaaccatcctaatttcttcgaatgaatgttgtgtgaactttcttttttgggggtagttttagggtattttaacagtttaccttcaatgttacagtccgtgaataaaaaggcagctagtactttacctacaaacagatcctgtcatactccagttacacccaaaatgttaattgcaaaaggatttttagaattactcctatactccagtaatcaccatattttccataacttggtgtactttaagaggtagattgtacagtttttatcaaagtttagttggcttttttcttctgtgctctatggactgcttcagtttggttgcataagcccgttggtatgtcatcaatctcaaatgaccttccgatgatattaatgcttcatgaaatattagttacttgtccaaaatcataatgtagaatttcttagaaaacactcccaagtatttattatcactatagatgcaatggattttttttactctaatggggtcatattgatacagacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattggtatgcgtgcaattattgtgcatatagtggtattgttcaacttagttacttcatgcttatctaatgtgttcttattattaccgttacaccagcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcaggttagtatttatccacagtatactctcatgttacatctttgatgggtattactaacagtgtatggtttagatatttttatccaaaagttcgtaaacttactccagaatcaattttagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggtaattagttctcgtgaaatgtataccaacaagtttacactgtaatagttttgaactttctgacttaatactatttttatactaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtaattttgatattgtgtatatttcctactgaagcataaaccagtgaattgcacgacaacgatctaactatgttggacatttgccttcaaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggtctgtctatcacttaaaagcacaccgtctatatgtcgcatatggcctatgctacaaactagaaactaggaaacaattgatgtgttaatattctttgaccagatgccaataatgtatcgacttgttgagtatgctgaacaatgaattagaatcaaacattatctgttattaatacataatagataatactagactaacacatggcatccttgacattgcaaataatgctttgcaggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggtaagagttaacacggtaatctcaacctaaggttttgttgcctcatgatattgaacatgcagctaagtattgcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaaggcaagagtacataaaattttaaattcgctgccttcccccttctaaatccatcaccactgtaacagttggggcttttcttttctgatcctttctagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtgctagcttggaaaaatgttgctactgagcatgaatgtgctatttttctccatacttcaataaaaataatacgcagttctcctgcatattctcgaaaaagaagtataaatgtaaatgtgctagggttgcctgcctgattcatacgttattaaaccttttcgtggagactactattatttaaactcaagcggatatgtatacatccaagtattgcttgactagtatattataattagttaagactataggtttattgaaatcatactaaatcacttaggctatgttactcacctcccgcgcacgcaaaatggagcgacacattttcttatgattaattaagtatttattaatttttcttgaaaaatggattaatatgattttctaaagcaactttcgtataaaaactttttgcaaaaaaacgcacccgtgcgcgcggaacacgagggaggtgagttgggaaaggtgggggaataacacagccttaatacccttaaatggttattttgctccatacttctacaaataacaatcaacttgacattaccttctccaaacatgagggaatgtggttttacttccaacctgcatcatatatgaaaaaatccttgtgatgatattatgttttattgagtaaaagcaacagttattggctcattgctcttctacatctcataaatagcttactcaaacttggatatgcaataagccacttctattcaataatgctacaagaaccgacaatttgcagttttaacatttaccagtgtattatgttgggatatggtactcttgcaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcaggtagcaaatatctagttattactgtgtaaaagcaatttattttattttttgttggatccttttttaccctgttcataaaaaaattttgacatggaaatttgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcggtaagtggatatggaagctgctatgtatttctcatacccattatgtcatgttttgtactaatttctatcttaaattctaatgcaaacgttgaagacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggtaagcttatgcactacatttatacacatgtactccatcttttcaagtcaaatgcaactaaaattgatcttctcgcaggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtatgttcagaacaaactgcggtcagctggcattatgataacagcgataagttactccgattctttccaaggcagacataaactgctgaaatatcatgttgatatagttactgtcattataattcagtaattgacatgttatgcagtaagagtagcatcatttttactaaaagttccttctgtaacatggaacgtggatggttctaggagatatatatagtgaaactagatggcatattactccagattgtccacacgaataggatcatcatgtttccaactcttttacaggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggttattatccgctggttttaaatgcaatataggcacgcgaatctgaaagtgatctattctttgtgtgaataatttcaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctagctgtagaccaggctgcatggaacctacaaaacaaatgatgtaaaagagttgcttaaaacatggaattggcagatcatacgcgacctgctccaggaacctacaaaacaaatgctgaacctcacttgatcagtggcgttgggacattgtgtacatatttgcttggcaatgagaaatcaaattttgcgtcttttctgtttggatgagacttgtcatcgccattaaacgaatattctgtagtttcgt&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001062483.1 RefSeq:Os05g0498300]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 5]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 5]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=172258</id>
		<title>Os05g0498300</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=172258"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:37:39Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Function */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;OsMSH5,similar to MSH5--a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.MSH5, a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination in budding yeast, mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. OsMSH5, is its rice homolog. &lt;br /&gt;
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2.OsMSH5 functions upstream of OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10 in class I crossover formation.&lt;br /&gt;
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3.We investigated OsMSH5’s roles during CO formation and synapsis and find that loss of OsMSH5 function resulted in a severe reduction in CO formation, which means OsMSH5, similar to its homolog MSH5, plays a vital role in Meiosis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.In addition to ZEP1, three other ZMM proteins including OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10, their loading depends on OsMSH5.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMSH5is predominantly expressed in panicles. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that OsMSH5 chromosomal localization is limited to the early meiotic prophase I.&lt;br /&gt;
In wild-type, OsMSH5 foci appeared almost at the same time as OsREC8 signals at leptotene(Figure 4A). number of OsMSH5 foci accumulated rapidly and reached a peak at early zygotene (Figure 4B). At early pachytene, most OsMSH5 foci started to leave from chromosomes (Figure 4C). With the progression of meiosis, however, the number of OsMSH5 foci decreased rapidly and only a few residual foci were observed at late pachytene. OsMSH5 signals were absent at diplotene and could not be detected thereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure 4A 4B 4C.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMSH5 shows significant homology with MSH5 in Arabidopsis (66% identity and 82% similarity) and is also highly related to the MSH5 in mammals and budding yeast. OsMSH5 contains a  conserved ATP-binding motif at its C-terminus (amino acids: 538–746, conserved domains ), and is similar to AtMSH5 lacking the MutS domain I, which is essential for the activity of DNA mismatch repairing.&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Five independent Osmsh5 mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth and severe sterility. The synaptonemal complex is well installed in Osmsh5, while the chiasma frequency is greatly reduced to approximately 10% of that observed in the wild-type, leading to the homologous nondisjunction and complete sterile phenotype.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Five mutants related to MSH5 are designated Osmsh5-1, Osmsh5-2, Osmsh5-3, Osmsh5-4, and Osmsh5-5, respectively. And Osmsh5-1 has single nucleotide T deletion was identified at position 9909, creating a new stop codon in exon 29, displayed a reduction in fertility. Here is the rice Osmsh5-1 mutant phenotype compared with WT phenotype.(figure A and B; figure C and D)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.In the Osmsh5-1 mutant, meiotic chromosome behavior was almost identical to that of the wild-type from leptotene to pachytene (Figure 3Jand L). However, several chromosomal defects  were  apparent  from  diakinesis  through  to  the  following meiotic stages. Different numbers of univalents were observed at diakinesis in Osmsh5-1(Figure 3M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure A and B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure C and D.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure L.jpg]]  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure M.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure J.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
1.College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.bState Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Qiong Luo, Ding Tang, Mo Wang et al(2013). The Role of OsMSH5 in Crossover Formation during Rice Meiosis, Molecular Plant, 6(3) :729–742.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os05g0498300|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = MutS III domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001062483.1 GI:115464696 GeneID:4339215|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 11441 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os05g0498300, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 5|Chromosome 5]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 5:24570055..24581495|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 24570338..24570388,24570950..24570981,24571073..24571167,24571361..24571441,24571514..24571586&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24572153..24572216,24572814..24572965,24573203..24573304,24573379..24573406&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24573481..24573512,24573596..24573653,24573754..24573840,24574377..24574433&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24574651..24574752,24574893..24574937,24575965..24576042,24576699..24576749&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24576824..24576905,24577232..24577305,24577373..24577469,24578033..24578129&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24578222..24578311,24578429..24578493,24578579..24578637,24578729..24578805&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24579041..24579127,24579203..24579262,24579358..24579421,24580218..24580271&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24580376..24580458,24580553..24580584,24580663..24580686,24580978..24581093&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24581172..24581252|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttgtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatgattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacaatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcgttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttgacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattgcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcgacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MDEEEEEEMSEREVDSQVHMACVMQGRRVGIAYYDSSMHQLFVL                     EIWEDITEDFPLIDLVKYQSKPSTIYTSTKTDEALLLALQRNDCNDEAPAVKLMKSST                     FSYEQAWHRLMYLKVAAMDEGLSVKERICFLNSMMDLGSDVQVRAAGGLLAILDNERL                     LDTLDQMEGGASIAIDSVAQISLDKFLKLDATAHEALQIFQVDKHPSYMGIGRAKEGF                     SVFGMLNKCVTPMGKHLLRTWFLRPIIDIDVINNRLNTISFFLCCEDVMSALRGTLKS                     VRDIPHMLKKFNSPSSFCTSSDWHAFLKCICSLLHINKIFEVGISEHLAIKLQHMNID                     LVGKANSSITEELDYVSDLVVGVIDVQRGKEKGYDTLVKDGLCEELDELRMVYEELPD                     FLEQVSANEIASFPFSFECRKAPLIVYVHQIGYLMCFFDEKISDALLIGLPDFEFAFS                     EEGEERRFYYHTQKTRELDNLLGDIYHKILDMERAIIRDLVCRVCQFIPQLTKAVNFA                     AELDCILSLAIVARQNNYVRPILTEDSILEIQNGRHALQEMTVDTFVPNDTKIRSSGR                     INIITGPNYSGKSIYIKQVALVVFLAHIGSFVPADSAIVGLTDRIFCAMGSKSMTSEQ                     STFMIDLHQVGTMLRHATSRSLCLLDEFGKGTLTEDGIGLLGGTISHFTDYDCPPKVL                     LSTHLTQIFTESYLPQSEHIKCYTMSVLNPDEQTDNEDVIFLYRLVPGQALLSFGLHC                     AQLAGVPSEVVQRAVTVLGDIHSKRPIRRMVWEKLAAKDQQYQDAVTKLLAFDPHKGD                     LVNFFQEVFPS&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;284..334#896..927#1019..1113#1307..1387#1460..1532#2099..2162#2760..2911#3149..3250#3325..3352#3427..3458#3542..3599#3700..3786#4323..4379#4597..4698#4839..4883#5911..5988#6645..6695#6770..6851#7178..7251#7319..7415#7979..8075#8168..8257#8375..8439#8525..8583#8675..8751#8987..9073#9149..9208#9304..9367#10164..10217#10322..10404#10499..10530#10609..10632#10924..11039#11118..11198#aacaacttccttcccgtacaagccagtgcccgagccacgctcccgccgcacttcgcccctcgccgcctagcttgctccatcctccgcgcccgcgcagctgcgctcgccgtcgccgtcgctgcctagcttcctccagcctccgcatctgcgctctatttgtaccgcattctcggaggaggagcaggaggcgaggagccgccgagtagaggagagggggaggcgaagtcggtgctctcgccgggggttgacggtggaactccgggcgagcgatcgagccggcgaaatggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggtgcgtattggcccgatccttccgagttcctcgcctcttattgcgccacacggagtagatttctctgcccccccctcccccaccccgctgcaatccgatcgaatcgtgttgccgaaaccccagttccgcgcgatgccgggttctattttattttaaacgaaaatgtcgtgttctagtctggaatgtagcttagtagttgtagacatcagctgtactgcttttacggcaccttcccgagcgtcacacattttccttttatctgatgcggatgcggcgccatgctcagatttggttcaggtgatgcttaggaaaggcgaatcaaacattgctagtttagttgatgatttctgtaatgttgttcattgtacaagcctcaaaccaccttccgaccagatgcacattttgatatgcaaatgcattcctctgtatttctcatgatgagacgaatcgatgtattgagtttaagaggaacagccgaacaggtcctatagctgtagaaaattttgcacgtctttgttctaatgcactgtacgtactgagtgtcaaaggattacatttcaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcaggtaaaattttgatgcatacttgatttgttgagtctgagataccactgtttctctatctaacattaatccatgctactttaatgattctcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttggtatggtgctcatatgaccacacttataccaactaatttctctatctatatgaaacggaaatttacttgtaatataatgcatttttggtaacaaacaatttacatcatgtccactgtcaactattttgaacacttcgaatagaggaaacatggttatatagctgacaatctgtggtgttttttgctgtcacagtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatggtttgaactgcaacaatttctttaaccaatatcttcagttctcctttaatgattttggttaaaatcattcagattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacaggttagcagctctgttaaagtgatacatgcgatttccacaccacataatatgctttacctgattcgcaagaattgataggacttaatacacaaatgctaaattgtgtcgcatgttgcatctgcatatgaaatcaaccacattgatcaagtgagcaatcaaagctaaatgtgcatggtttggaaacttctaaagtactacttcctccgttccacaatgtaaaactttctagcattgcctagattcatatatatgttaatgaatctagatatatatagaaaacatatacattgatcaatggataaatctaggtaaggccaaaaagtcttacaatatgaaacagagggagtattcattaacagaggtgtttggtaacttatgttacataccgcgatcttgtgatgcatagatgttggccgatcccttttcaatgaggaaaccaagaattatcaattccgggaaaaattcattacaagcaacaaccttgtaggctaatagtaccttcacctgtcaatcattatatttctgatgatgtgatgatgaaatatcattgtgtttgtaaatttcagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttgtaagtgatttaagtgagattgcctctactcgtttgtacttatatgttttagatcatctacattggcacgagcttaagcatttatgaattattgttcaaactactgctaaagccatatattccttttctgacatttcttcattgtcacatatagcatgcacaatttatgaatattagcatattgcccatgcgttgcaacagaattaaaaaaaataacgtcatcaacccgtttttctatcacttacatatctcatctcttaatttctgatacacctttgagctgataggtggaaccttcggacccacactctcatttacggtgaagaaagtacatgtccattatgctcaattgcatagttagaaacagatcttttatcttcattgtaatgagctgttgagtagcattttctgtgtgaagatctgtttgcatcttccactggacatcctttatttgtctcacacaagttgctgttacactctttctatttccttttctatcactcgcccttctggctcaattttttgtttctgtcactcagatttgtctttcaagttttgttattatgcagtggtaataattttaggatttgtttacagcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattttatccttttatccgtaatgatattatacggactaaatgtgctaatgtactgatcagcatgtttttgtggttttactttggaaacaagttagaaagctatttatgtaggattgtaggtactcttcagggtaaagttatatcttgacaatttgttgcatagtgttcgatgcattcttaacaggctggtattctcatgtttttgtgtatttagtattatattccttgacacgctctcagggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggtaaggattttgtctaaaccttgtactttctcatagccatggttctgatttgtaatagtaacaaaaaattacaggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataaggtaaatgagatatttctcttctattcttcgtttctaccagtttactgattatgttgtggtcttgtggattgtagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggtcactgttactttctataatcatgattgcagatttgcagtaagaatggcattcgtcttaactaattttatgcttcattccaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacagtatccttaatttgttgaatacacatttctcaatttccccaatgctcaataccaaaaaggtaccagtagatttctgaactgtttctcctagacatgctagatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaaggtgctattatctttactctgtatgttacttgtacctccttttcttatcattccccatgttataaaaagagaggtgtgctgaaataaagtaaacaaatgatagtatctcacagtcctctgttgaaaaacagaggttaaacctgccttttgtgttgagtatgttggtgttgcttgtgttttacccttcacataaatgtataaattctgtagttctcttttagtatttggtcattgctcatggctttgttttcttggactcgcacacattgtgagttttgttctcaatgatatatatgttgtcgttgttgtacatataagaaggaacaaagccttgctttttttaagttagcaattattctatttgaagtagaagagactcaagagtaatgttaactgtgaaataattgaatcaacggatcatgataattatatgcttatcataacatgtcgtggttattcttattctctttgagcacacattattcttcttcacagtttttctaatgtgcataactgacattttatatttttctgaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaaggtacctacctgtaatgatgcatatggatctggctattactttataaatgcacaatcactttgaatatgctcctgcgttttccttctcccacttagctattccatatttgaagctctgccctaagtgcaagatacgaagcacccatacgtgcatgattttcttttctttcatttctcttgctgataatatcccttttctttcacttctcttatttcagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggtatgcctccaagtaggggctattaattttcatcatcacttaaataatagaaatttggtacaatagtgttattgcacatccatgaaaccttattttataataatgctttctccacattcatgaaactttaatgttttcaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtcagttgcaacacaattgcatcttacttgaaatgaacaaggaaattcggatacattgttttgcctttaacttagggcttgttcactttgctaccattttcaaccttaccaagttttggcattgccaaattttggtaagatagcagtctaaacgtgtctcgaataacgtaccacattataccatgccaaaatttggtaattttctagaatcttcacatagctccacacaaaagaattggtaaggcgccaaacctctaccttaccattttttagcatttgccaaactttaccaaaattcggtaggatttattttgggatcaaagtgaacaggcctttagaatgtagtgtgatagatcattagatcattggatacaacaataccaacaatggaacttttgatttatgtagcctgtgttagaccatatagttttacttgactgcttgagcttattctcctgatagcttgatgagacaattgttagcagtgaattatacagatgcatgtgctcatctcctgggtttttatctctaacgatgcagcatactgcagtatggagattatcaccataaagtgtgggccttgactgtgtagtggactgatgcttgataatattaagagagcatgattatttgcaggtttattcttttgaagtattaagattaaaaatttggcagtgttatggaggtcctagatgtattcatactggtattggtagtgagctacacgtttccatgcaaatatgcacagtcccgctagagacctgttcccatattattagtttgtcagatgccatgtatgcagtttgccactttggtattgtcatcaatatcttcctgacttaaatggctatttctgcaactggcaactttttccaaggaatattgagcctatgggacttaatgctgataattccagaactttttcaccgtaaaggcgcatatttatctgggcttctgtggagctttacttagccctttttctttctcatatatgaggtcaatggttgtatacatctgttatccataggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggaggttggaccttgcacttctttctttatgccggagtcatgttctgttcttgaattacatttttaggttctcgttccatgtaattaagcatcactttaaaggtattgtgaggatttgggggggaggggggggcagacatcatcagtaccagcaactcctgtttaaagtaatatagattttgccattatcatcctcagatgttccagttgtagttctcaccatggtgctactttctgctgagtgtattcccttgttctcaaatgctgtttatctaccaatggttctacatatgaaattttcaaacctggttatggacttatagttcagttgttcacagggatctagtcatattggggagaccaggcgcaggtcatggtttggaatttgtacaatgcacatgttgggtgtgggagagtgggagggtggttgcatgctttcatcattatggttttcctagctgttcgtctataactaatatttagtgcttcgtattaactagtaaatttgaactgtttagaaaaatattcgccagattatgtttattttactgctattaaattattgaacttgtttggttcttcgaaatgtctacattttcctgttgctatgatcataattataaaggtttgtctaaatttatttctcttaatgaaaaatagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtaatgaatcttcagacccaaaaattaatttgaatcctttatttcataatttctaataacttagttgtttctaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggtatctttttccctcatctgttgcattttcataccgcctttttcttattgtgctatttaatttgatattacctacctttctatatatgattttagcatggatgtagaaccaactatcatcactaccacctgaaatatactccctctgtttttttatttgacattgatagttgtcaagtaaaagaaaatagaggcaaaagctagttagaaatatgtagctgctaaataatgatggtaatgttcaacatgctctttttgagaaaaaaatcttgcatctgaacattcgtattcaccactatttatgtatttcatgcttgctgttcccaggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcggtatgcgctgtcttatttttattttgggtttaagttttgagtatgtaataatttccctttttatcagttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttggtagtttcattcattgatttgtttacttctttttttttctgtcttgctgatgatgaagacaaaaccatcctaatttcttcgaatgaatgttgtgtgaactttcttttttgggggtagttttagggtattttaacagtttaccttcaatgttacagtccgtgaataaaaaggcagctagtactttacctacaaacagatcctgtcatactccagttacacccaaaatgttaattgcaaaaggatttttagaattactcctatactccagtaatcaccatattttccataacttggtgtactttaagaggtagattgtacagtttttatcaaagtttagttggcttttttcttctgtgctctatggactgcttcagtttggttgcataagcccgttggtatgtcatcaatctcaaatgaccttccgatgatattaatgcttcatgaaatattagttacttgtccaaaatcataatgtagaatttcttagaaaacactcccaagtatttattatcactatagatgcaatggattttttttactctaatggggtcatattgatacagacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattggtatgcgtgcaattattgtgcatatagtggtattgttcaacttagttacttcatgcttatctaatgtgttcttattattaccgttacaccagcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcaggttagtatttatccacagtatactctcatgttacatctttgatgggtattactaacagtgtatggtttagatatttttatccaaaagttcgtaaacttactccagaatcaattttagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggtaattagttctcgtgaaatgtataccaacaagtttacactgtaatagttttgaactttctgacttaatactatttttatactaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtaattttgatattgtgtatatttcctactgaagcataaaccagtgaattgcacgacaacgatctaactatgttggacatttgccttcaaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggtctgtctatcacttaaaagcacaccgtctatatgtcgcatatggcctatgctacaaactagaaactaggaaacaattgatgtgttaatattctttgaccagatgccaataatgtatcgacttgttgagtatgctgaacaatgaattagaatcaaacattatctgttattaatacataatagataatactagactaacacatggcatccttgacattgcaaataatgctttgcaggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggtaagagttaacacggtaatctcaacctaaggttttgttgcctcatgatattgaacatgcagctaagtattgcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaaggcaagagtacataaaattttaaattcgctgccttcccccttctaaatccatcaccactgtaacagttggggcttttcttttctgatcctttctagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtgctagcttggaaaaatgttgctactgagcatgaatgtgctatttttctccatacttcaataaaaataatacgcagttctcctgcatattctcgaaaaagaagtataaatgtaaatgtgctagggttgcctgcctgattcatacgttattaaaccttttcgtggagactactattatttaaactcaagcggatatgtatacatccaagtattgcttgactagtatattataattagttaagactataggtttattgaaatcatactaaatcacttaggctatgttactcacctcccgcgcacgcaaaatggagcgacacattttcttatgattaattaagtatttattaatttttcttgaaaaatggattaatatgattttctaaagcaactttcgtataaaaactttttgcaaaaaaacgcacccgtgcgcgcggaacacgagggaggtgagttgggaaaggtgggggaataacacagccttaatacccttaaatggttattttgctccatacttctacaaataacaatcaacttgacattaccttctccaaacatgagggaatgtggttttacttccaacctgcatcatatatgaaaaaatccttgtgatgatattatgttttattgagtaaaagcaacagttattggctcattgctcttctacatctcataaatagcttactcaaacttggatatgcaataagccacttctattcaataatgctacaagaaccgacaatttgcagttttaacatttaccagtgtattatgttgggatatggtactcttgcaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcaggtagcaaatatctagttattactgtgtaaaagcaatttattttattttttgttggatccttttttaccctgttcataaaaaaattttgacatggaaatttgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcggtaagtggatatggaagctgctatgtatttctcatacccattatgtcatgttttgtactaatttctatcttaaattctaatgcaaacgttgaagacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggtaagcttatgcactacatttatacacatgtactccatcttttcaagtcaaatgcaactaaaattgatcttctcgcaggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtatgttcagaacaaactgcggtcagctggcattatgataacagcgataagttactccgattctttccaaggcagacataaactgctgaaatatcatgttgatatagttactgtcattataattcagtaattgacatgttatgcagtaagagtagcatcatttttactaaaagttccttctgtaacatggaacgtggatggttctaggagatatatatagtgaaactagatggcatattactccagattgtccacacgaataggatcatcatgtttccaactcttttacaggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggttattatccgctggttttaaatgcaatataggcacgcgaatctgaaagtgatctattctttgtgtgaataatttcaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctagctgtagaccaggctgcatggaacctacaaaacaaatgatgtaaaagagttgcttaaaacatggaattggcagatcatacgcgacctgctccaggaacctacaaaacaaatgctgaacctcacttgatcagtggcgttgggacattgtgtacatatttgcttggcaatgagaaatcaaattttgcgtcttttctgtttggatgagacttgtcatcgccattaaacgaatattctgtagtttcgt&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001062483.1 RefSeq:Os05g0498300]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 5]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 5]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=172256</id>
		<title>Os05g0498300</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=172256"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:36:44Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Mutation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;OsMSH5,similar to MSH5--a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.MSH5, a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination in budding yeast, mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. OsMSH5, is its rice homolog. &lt;br /&gt;
2.OsMSH5 functions upstream of OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10 in class I crossover formation.&lt;br /&gt;
3.We investigated OsMSH5’s roles during CO formation and synapsis and find that loss of OsMSH5 function resulted in a severe reduction in CO formation, which means OsMSH5, similar to its homolog MSH5, plays a vital role in Meiosis.&lt;br /&gt;
4.In addition to ZEP1, three other ZMM proteins including OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10, their loading depends on OsMSH5.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMSH5is predominantly expressed in panicles. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that OsMSH5 chromosomal localization is limited to the early meiotic prophase I.&lt;br /&gt;
In wild-type, OsMSH5 foci appeared almost at the same time as OsREC8 signals at leptotene(Figure 4A). number of OsMSH5 foci accumulated rapidly and reached a peak at early zygotene (Figure 4B). At early pachytene, most OsMSH5 foci started to leave from chromosomes (Figure 4C). With the progression of meiosis, however, the number of OsMSH5 foci decreased rapidly and only a few residual foci were observed at late pachytene. OsMSH5 signals were absent at diplotene and could not be detected thereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure 4A 4B 4C.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMSH5 shows significant homology with MSH5 in Arabidopsis (66% identity and 82% similarity) and is also highly related to the MSH5 in mammals and budding yeast. OsMSH5 contains a  conserved ATP-binding motif at its C-terminus (amino acids: 538–746, conserved domains ), and is similar to AtMSH5 lacking the MutS domain I, which is essential for the activity of DNA mismatch repairing.&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Five independent Osmsh5 mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth and severe sterility. The synaptonemal complex is well installed in Osmsh5, while the chiasma frequency is greatly reduced to approximately 10% of that observed in the wild-type, leading to the homologous nondisjunction and complete sterile phenotype.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Five mutants related to MSH5 are designated Osmsh5-1, Osmsh5-2, Osmsh5-3, Osmsh5-4, and Osmsh5-5, respectively. And Osmsh5-1 has single nucleotide T deletion was identified at position 9909, creating a new stop codon in exon 29, displayed a reduction in fertility. Here is the rice Osmsh5-1 mutant phenotype compared with WT phenotype.(figure A and B; figure C and D)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.In the Osmsh5-1 mutant, meiotic chromosome behavior was almost identical to that of the wild-type from leptotene to pachytene (Figure 3Jand L). However, several chromosomal defects  were  apparent  from  diakinesis  through  to  the  following meiotic stages. Different numbers of univalents were observed at diakinesis in Osmsh5-1(Figure 3M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure A and B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure C and D.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure L.jpg]]  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure M.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure J.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
1.College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.bState Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Qiong Luo, Ding Tang, Mo Wang et al(2013). The Role of OsMSH5 in Crossover Formation during Rice Meiosis, Molecular Plant, 6(3) :729–742.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os05g0498300|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = MutS III domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001062483.1 GI:115464696 GeneID:4339215|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 11441 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os05g0498300, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 5|Chromosome 5]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 5:24570055..24581495|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 24570338..24570388,24570950..24570981,24571073..24571167,24571361..24571441,24571514..24571586&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24572153..24572216,24572814..24572965,24573203..24573304,24573379..24573406&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24573481..24573512,24573596..24573653,24573754..24573840,24574377..24574433&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24574651..24574752,24574893..24574937,24575965..24576042,24576699..24576749&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24576824..24576905,24577232..24577305,24577373..24577469,24578033..24578129&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24578222..24578311,24578429..24578493,24578579..24578637,24578729..24578805&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24579041..24579127,24579203..24579262,24579358..24579421,24580218..24580271&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24580376..24580458,24580553..24580584,24580663..24580686,24580978..24581093&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24581172..24581252|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttgtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatgattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacaatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcgttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttgacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattgcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcgacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MDEEEEEEMSEREVDSQVHMACVMQGRRVGIAYYDSSMHQLFVL                     EIWEDITEDFPLIDLVKYQSKPSTIYTSTKTDEALLLALQRNDCNDEAPAVKLMKSST                     FSYEQAWHRLMYLKVAAMDEGLSVKERICFLNSMMDLGSDVQVRAAGGLLAILDNERL                     LDTLDQMEGGASIAIDSVAQISLDKFLKLDATAHEALQIFQVDKHPSYMGIGRAKEGF                     SVFGMLNKCVTPMGKHLLRTWFLRPIIDIDVINNRLNTISFFLCCEDVMSALRGTLKS                     VRDIPHMLKKFNSPSSFCTSSDWHAFLKCICSLLHINKIFEVGISEHLAIKLQHMNID                     LVGKANSSITEELDYVSDLVVGVIDVQRGKEKGYDTLVKDGLCEELDELRMVYEELPD                     FLEQVSANEIASFPFSFECRKAPLIVYVHQIGYLMCFFDEKISDALLIGLPDFEFAFS                     EEGEERRFYYHTQKTRELDNLLGDIYHKILDMERAIIRDLVCRVCQFIPQLTKAVNFA                     AELDCILSLAIVARQNNYVRPILTEDSILEIQNGRHALQEMTVDTFVPNDTKIRSSGR                     INIITGPNYSGKSIYIKQVALVVFLAHIGSFVPADSAIVGLTDRIFCAMGSKSMTSEQ                     STFMIDLHQVGTMLRHATSRSLCLLDEFGKGTLTEDGIGLLGGTISHFTDYDCPPKVL                     LSTHLTQIFTESYLPQSEHIKCYTMSVLNPDEQTDNEDVIFLYRLVPGQALLSFGLHC                     AQLAGVPSEVVQRAVTVLGDIHSKRPIRRMVWEKLAAKDQQYQDAVTKLLAFDPHKGD                     LVNFFQEVFPS&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;284..334#896..927#1019..1113#1307..1387#1460..1532#2099..2162#2760..2911#3149..3250#3325..3352#3427..3458#3542..3599#3700..3786#4323..4379#4597..4698#4839..4883#5911..5988#6645..6695#6770..6851#7178..7251#7319..7415#7979..8075#8168..8257#8375..8439#8525..8583#8675..8751#8987..9073#9149..9208#9304..9367#10164..10217#10322..10404#10499..10530#10609..10632#10924..11039#11118..11198#aacaacttccttcccgtacaagccagtgcccgagccacgctcccgccgcacttcgcccctcgccgcctagcttgctccatcctccgcgcccgcgcagctgcgctcgccgtcgccgtcgctgcctagcttcctccagcctccgcatctgcgctctatttgtaccgcattctcggaggaggagcaggaggcgaggagccgccgagtagaggagagggggaggcgaagtcggtgctctcgccgggggttgacggtggaactccgggcgagcgatcgagccggcgaaatggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggtgcgtattggcccgatccttccgagttcctcgcctcttattgcgccacacggagtagatttctctgcccccccctcccccaccccgctgcaatccgatcgaatcgtgttgccgaaaccccagttccgcgcgatgccgggttctattttattttaaacgaaaatgtcgtgttctagtctggaatgtagcttagtagttgtagacatcagctgtactgcttttacggcaccttcccgagcgtcacacattttccttttatctgatgcggatgcggcgccatgctcagatttggttcaggtgatgcttaggaaaggcgaatcaaacattgctagtttagttgatgatttctgtaatgttgttcattgtacaagcctcaaaccaccttccgaccagatgcacattttgatatgcaaatgcattcctctgtatttctcatgatgagacgaatcgatgtattgagtttaagaggaacagccgaacaggtcctatagctgtagaaaattttgcacgtctttgttctaatgcactgtacgtactgagtgtcaaaggattacatttcaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcaggtaaaattttgatgcatacttgatttgttgagtctgagataccactgtttctctatctaacattaatccatgctactttaatgattctcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttggtatggtgctcatatgaccacacttataccaactaatttctctatctatatgaaacggaaatttacttgtaatataatgcatttttggtaacaaacaatttacatcatgtccactgtcaactattttgaacacttcgaatagaggaaacatggttatatagctgacaatctgtggtgttttttgctgtcacagtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatggtttgaactgcaacaatttctttaaccaatatcttcagttctcctttaatgattttggttaaaatcattcagattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacaggttagcagctctgttaaagtgatacatgcgatttccacaccacataatatgctttacctgattcgcaagaattgataggacttaatacacaaatgctaaattgtgtcgcatgttgcatctgcatatgaaatcaaccacattgatcaagtgagcaatcaaagctaaatgtgcatggtttggaaacttctaaagtactacttcctccgttccacaatgtaaaactttctagcattgcctagattcatatatatgttaatgaatctagatatatatagaaaacatatacattgatcaatggataaatctaggtaaggccaaaaagtcttacaatatgaaacagagggagtattcattaacagaggtgtttggtaacttatgttacataccgcgatcttgtgatgcatagatgttggccgatcccttttcaatgaggaaaccaagaattatcaattccgggaaaaattcattacaagcaacaaccttgtaggctaatagtaccttcacctgtcaatcattatatttctgatgatgtgatgatgaaatatcattgtgtttgtaaatttcagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttgtaagtgatttaagtgagattgcctctactcgtttgtacttatatgttttagatcatctacattggcacgagcttaagcatttatgaattattgttcaaactactgctaaagccatatattccttttctgacatttcttcattgtcacatatagcatgcacaatttatgaatattagcatattgcccatgcgttgcaacagaattaaaaaaaataacgtcatcaacccgtttttctatcacttacatatctcatctcttaatttctgatacacctttgagctgataggtggaaccttcggacccacactctcatttacggtgaagaaagtacatgtccattatgctcaattgcatagttagaaacagatcttttatcttcattgtaatgagctgttgagtagcattttctgtgtgaagatctgtttgcatcttccactggacatcctttatttgtctcacacaagttgctgttacactctttctatttccttttctatcactcgcccttctggctcaattttttgtttctgtcactcagatttgtctttcaagttttgttattatgcagtggtaataattttaggatttgtttacagcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattttatccttttatccgtaatgatattatacggactaaatgtgctaatgtactgatcagcatgtttttgtggttttactttggaaacaagttagaaagctatttatgtaggattgtaggtactcttcagggtaaagttatatcttgacaatttgttgcatagtgttcgatgcattcttaacaggctggtattctcatgtttttgtgtatttagtattatattccttgacacgctctcagggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggtaaggattttgtctaaaccttgtactttctcatagccatggttctgatttgtaatagtaacaaaaaattacaggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataaggtaaatgagatatttctcttctattcttcgtttctaccagtttactgattatgttgtggtcttgtggattgtagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggtcactgttactttctataatcatgattgcagatttgcagtaagaatggcattcgtcttaactaattttatgcttcattccaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacagtatccttaatttgttgaatacacatttctcaatttccccaatgctcaataccaaaaaggtaccagtagatttctgaactgtttctcctagacatgctagatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaaggtgctattatctttactctgtatgttacttgtacctccttttcttatcattccccatgttataaaaagagaggtgtgctgaaataaagtaaacaaatgatagtatctcacagtcctctgttgaaaaacagaggttaaacctgccttttgtgttgagtatgttggtgttgcttgtgttttacccttcacataaatgtataaattctgtagttctcttttagtatttggtcattgctcatggctttgttttcttggactcgcacacattgtgagttttgttctcaatgatatatatgttgtcgttgttgtacatataagaaggaacaaagccttgctttttttaagttagcaattattctatttgaagtagaagagactcaagagtaatgttaactgtgaaataattgaatcaacggatcatgataattatatgcttatcataacatgtcgtggttattcttattctctttgagcacacattattcttcttcacagtttttctaatgtgcataactgacattttatatttttctgaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaaggtacctacctgtaatgatgcatatggatctggctattactttataaatgcacaatcactttgaatatgctcctgcgttttccttctcccacttagctattccatatttgaagctctgccctaagtgcaagatacgaagcacccatacgtgcatgattttcttttctttcatttctcttgctgataatatcccttttctttcacttctcttatttcagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggtatgcctccaagtaggggctattaattttcatcatcacttaaataatagaaatttggtacaatagtgttattgcacatccatgaaaccttattttataataatgctttctccacattcatgaaactttaatgttttcaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtcagttgcaacacaattgcatcttacttgaaatgaacaaggaaattcggatacattgttttgcctttaacttagggcttgttcactttgctaccattttcaaccttaccaagttttggcattgccaaattttggtaagatagcagtctaaacgtgtctcgaataacgtaccacattataccatgccaaaatttggtaattttctagaatcttcacatagctccacacaaaagaattggtaaggcgccaaacctctaccttaccattttttagcatttgccaaactttaccaaaattcggtaggatttattttgggatcaaagtgaacaggcctttagaatgtagtgtgatagatcattagatcattggatacaacaataccaacaatggaacttttgatttatgtagcctgtgttagaccatatagttttacttgactgcttgagcttattctcctgatagcttgatgagacaattgttagcagtgaattatacagatgcatgtgctcatctcctgggtttttatctctaacgatgcagcatactgcagtatggagattatcaccataaagtgtgggccttgactgtgtagtggactgatgcttgataatattaagagagcatgattatttgcaggtttattcttttgaagtattaagattaaaaatttggcagtgttatggaggtcctagatgtattcatactggtattggtagtgagctacacgtttccatgcaaatatgcacagtcccgctagagacctgttcccatattattagtttgtcagatgccatgtatgcagtttgccactttggtattgtcatcaatatcttcctgacttaaatggctatttctgcaactggcaactttttccaaggaatattgagcctatgggacttaatgctgataattccagaactttttcaccgtaaaggcgcatatttatctgggcttctgtggagctttacttagccctttttctttctcatatatgaggtcaatggttgtatacatctgttatccataggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggaggttggaccttgcacttctttctttatgccggagtcatgttctgttcttgaattacatttttaggttctcgttccatgtaattaagcatcactttaaaggtattgtgaggatttgggggggaggggggggcagacatcatcagtaccagcaactcctgtttaaagtaatatagattttgccattatcatcctcagatgttccagttgtagttctcaccatggtgctactttctgctgagtgtattcccttgttctcaaatgctgtttatctaccaatggttctacatatgaaattttcaaacctggttatggacttatagttcagttgttcacagggatctagtcatattggggagaccaggcgcaggtcatggtttggaatttgtacaatgcacatgttgggtgtgggagagtgggagggtggttgcatgctttcatcattatggttttcctagctgttcgtctataactaatatttagtgcttcgtattaactagtaaatttgaactgtttagaaaaatattcgccagattatgtttattttactgctattaaattattgaacttgtttggttcttcgaaatgtctacattttcctgttgctatgatcataattataaaggtttgtctaaatttatttctcttaatgaaaaatagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtaatgaatcttcagacccaaaaattaatttgaatcctttatttcataatttctaataacttagttgtttctaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggtatctttttccctcatctgttgcattttcataccgcctttttcttattgtgctatttaatttgatattacctacctttctatatatgattttagcatggatgtagaaccaactatcatcactaccacctgaaatatactccctctgtttttttatttgacattgatagttgtcaagtaaaagaaaatagaggcaaaagctagttagaaatatgtagctgctaaataatgatggtaatgttcaacatgctctttttgagaaaaaaatcttgcatctgaacattcgtattcaccactatttatgtatttcatgcttgctgttcccaggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcggtatgcgctgtcttatttttattttgggtttaagttttgagtatgtaataatttccctttttatcagttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttggtagtttcattcattgatttgtttacttctttttttttctgtcttgctgatgatgaagacaaaaccatcctaatttcttcgaatgaatgttgtgtgaactttcttttttgggggtagttttagggtattttaacagtttaccttcaatgttacagtccgtgaataaaaaggcagctagtactttacctacaaacagatcctgtcatactccagttacacccaaaatgttaattgcaaaaggatttttagaattactcctatactccagtaatcaccatattttccataacttggtgtactttaagaggtagattgtacagtttttatcaaagtttagttggcttttttcttctgtgctctatggactgcttcagtttggttgcataagcccgttggtatgtcatcaatctcaaatgaccttccgatgatattaatgcttcatgaaatattagttacttgtccaaaatcataatgtagaatttcttagaaaacactcccaagtatttattatcactatagatgcaatggattttttttactctaatggggtcatattgatacagacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattggtatgcgtgcaattattgtgcatatagtggtattgttcaacttagttacttcatgcttatctaatgtgttcttattattaccgttacaccagcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcaggttagtatttatccacagtatactctcatgttacatctttgatgggtattactaacagtgtatggtttagatatttttatccaaaagttcgtaaacttactccagaatcaattttagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggtaattagttctcgtgaaatgtataccaacaagtttacactgtaatagttttgaactttctgacttaatactatttttatactaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtaattttgatattgtgtatatttcctactgaagcataaaccagtgaattgcacgacaacgatctaactatgttggacatttgccttcaaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggtctgtctatcacttaaaagcacaccgtctatatgtcgcatatggcctatgctacaaactagaaactaggaaacaattgatgtgttaatattctttgaccagatgccaataatgtatcgacttgttgagtatgctgaacaatgaattagaatcaaacattatctgttattaatacataatagataatactagactaacacatggcatccttgacattgcaaataatgctttgcaggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggtaagagttaacacggtaatctcaacctaaggttttgttgcctcatgatattgaacatgcagctaagtattgcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaaggcaagagtacataaaattttaaattcgctgccttcccccttctaaatccatcaccactgtaacagttggggcttttcttttctgatcctttctagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtgctagcttggaaaaatgttgctactgagcatgaatgtgctatttttctccatacttcaataaaaataatacgcagttctcctgcatattctcgaaaaagaagtataaatgtaaatgtgctagggttgcctgcctgattcatacgttattaaaccttttcgtggagactactattatttaaactcaagcggatatgtatacatccaagtattgcttgactagtatattataattagttaagactataggtttattgaaatcatactaaatcacttaggctatgttactcacctcccgcgcacgcaaaatggagcgacacattttcttatgattaattaagtatttattaatttttcttgaaaaatggattaatatgattttctaaagcaactttcgtataaaaactttttgcaaaaaaacgcacccgtgcgcgcggaacacgagggaggtgagttgggaaaggtgggggaataacacagccttaatacccttaaatggttattttgctccatacttctacaaataacaatcaacttgacattaccttctccaaacatgagggaatgtggttttacttccaacctgcatcatatatgaaaaaatccttgtgatgatattatgttttattgagtaaaagcaacagttattggctcattgctcttctacatctcataaatagcttactcaaacttggatatgcaataagccacttctattcaataatgctacaagaaccgacaatttgcagttttaacatttaccagtgtattatgttgggatatggtactcttgcaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcaggtagcaaatatctagttattactgtgtaaaagcaatttattttattttttgttggatccttttttaccctgttcataaaaaaattttgacatggaaatttgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcggtaagtggatatggaagctgctatgtatttctcatacccattatgtcatgttttgtactaatttctatcttaaattctaatgcaaacgttgaagacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggtaagcttatgcactacatttatacacatgtactccatcttttcaagtcaaatgcaactaaaattgatcttctcgcaggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtatgttcagaacaaactgcggtcagctggcattatgataacagcgataagttactccgattctttccaaggcagacataaactgctgaaatatcatgttgatatagttactgtcattataattcagtaattgacatgttatgcagtaagagtagcatcatttttactaaaagttccttctgtaacatggaacgtggatggttctaggagatatatatagtgaaactagatggcatattactccagattgtccacacgaataggatcatcatgtttccaactcttttacaggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggttattatccgctggttttaaatgcaatataggcacgcgaatctgaaagtgatctattctttgtgtgaataatttcaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctagctgtagaccaggctgcatggaacctacaaaacaaatgatgtaaaagagttgcttaaaacatggaattggcagatcatacgcgacctgctccaggaacctacaaaacaaatgctgaacctcacttgatcagtggcgttgggacattgtgtacatatttgcttggcaatgagaaatcaaattttgcgtcttttctgtttggatgagacttgtcatcgccattaaacgaatattctgtagtttcgt&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001062483.1 RefSeq:Os05g0498300]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 5]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 5]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=172255</id>
		<title>Os05g0498300</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=172255"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:36:09Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Labs working on this gene */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;OsMSH5,similar to MSH5--a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.MSH5, a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination in budding yeast, mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. OsMSH5, is its rice homolog. &lt;br /&gt;
2.OsMSH5 functions upstream of OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10 in class I crossover formation.&lt;br /&gt;
3.We investigated OsMSH5’s roles during CO formation and synapsis and find that loss of OsMSH5 function resulted in a severe reduction in CO formation, which means OsMSH5, similar to its homolog MSH5, plays a vital role in Meiosis.&lt;br /&gt;
4.In addition to ZEP1, three other ZMM proteins including OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10, their loading depends on OsMSH5.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMSH5is predominantly expressed in panicles. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that OsMSH5 chromosomal localization is limited to the early meiotic prophase I.&lt;br /&gt;
In wild-type, OsMSH5 foci appeared almost at the same time as OsREC8 signals at leptotene(Figure 4A). number of OsMSH5 foci accumulated rapidly and reached a peak at early zygotene (Figure 4B). At early pachytene, most OsMSH5 foci started to leave from chromosomes (Figure 4C). With the progression of meiosis, however, the number of OsMSH5 foci decreased rapidly and only a few residual foci were observed at late pachytene. OsMSH5 signals were absent at diplotene and could not be detected thereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure 4A 4B 4C.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMSH5 shows significant homology with MSH5 in Arabidopsis (66% identity and 82% similarity) and is also highly related to the MSH5 in mammals and budding yeast. OsMSH5 contains a  conserved ATP-binding motif at its C-terminus (amino acids: 538–746, conserved domains ), and is similar to AtMSH5 lacking the MutS domain I, which is essential for the activity of DNA mismatch repairing.&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Five independent Osmsh5 mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth and severe sterility. The synaptonemal complex is well installed in Osmsh5, while the chiasma frequency is greatly reduced to approximately 10% of that observed in the wild-type, leading to the homologous nondisjunction and complete sterile phenotype.&lt;br /&gt;
2.Five mutants related to MSH5 are designated Osmsh5-1, Osmsh5-2, Osmsh5-3, Osmsh5-4, and Osmsh5-5, respectively. And Osmsh5-1 has single nucleotide T deletion was identified at position 9909, creating a new stop codon in exon 29, displayed a reduction in fertility. Here is the rice Osmsh5-1 mutant phenotype compared with WT phenotype.(figure A and B; figure C and D)&lt;br /&gt;
3.In the Osmsh5-1 mutant, meiotic chromosome behavior was almost identical to that of the wild-type from leptotene to pachytene (Figure 3Jand L). However, several chromosomal defects  were  apparent  from  diakinesis  through  to  the  following meiotic stages. Different numbers of univalents were observed at diakinesis in Osmsh5-1(Figure 3M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure A and B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure C and D.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure L.jpg]]      [[File:figure M.jpg]]  [[File:figure J.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
1.College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.bState Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Qiong Luo, Ding Tang, Mo Wang et al(2013). The Role of OsMSH5 in Crossover Formation during Rice Meiosis, Molecular Plant, 6(3) :729–742.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os05g0498300|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = MutS III domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001062483.1 GI:115464696 GeneID:4339215|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 11441 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os05g0498300, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 5|Chromosome 5]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 5:24570055..24581495|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 24570338..24570388,24570950..24570981,24571073..24571167,24571361..24571441,24571514..24571586&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24572153..24572216,24572814..24572965,24573203..24573304,24573379..24573406&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24573481..24573512,24573596..24573653,24573754..24573840,24574377..24574433&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24574651..24574752,24574893..24574937,24575965..24576042,24576699..24576749&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24576824..24576905,24577232..24577305,24577373..24577469,24578033..24578129&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24578222..24578311,24578429..24578493,24578579..24578637,24578729..24578805&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24579041..24579127,24579203..24579262,24579358..24579421,24580218..24580271&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24580376..24580458,24580553..24580584,24580663..24580686,24580978..24581093&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24581172..24581252|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttgtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatgattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacaatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcgttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttgacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattgcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcgacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MDEEEEEEMSEREVDSQVHMACVMQGRRVGIAYYDSSMHQLFVL                     EIWEDITEDFPLIDLVKYQSKPSTIYTSTKTDEALLLALQRNDCNDEAPAVKLMKSST                     FSYEQAWHRLMYLKVAAMDEGLSVKERICFLNSMMDLGSDVQVRAAGGLLAILDNERL                     LDTLDQMEGGASIAIDSVAQISLDKFLKLDATAHEALQIFQVDKHPSYMGIGRAKEGF                     SVFGMLNKCVTPMGKHLLRTWFLRPIIDIDVINNRLNTISFFLCCEDVMSALRGTLKS                     VRDIPHMLKKFNSPSSFCTSSDWHAFLKCICSLLHINKIFEVGISEHLAIKLQHMNID                     LVGKANSSITEELDYVSDLVVGVIDVQRGKEKGYDTLVKDGLCEELDELRMVYEELPD                     FLEQVSANEIASFPFSFECRKAPLIVYVHQIGYLMCFFDEKISDALLIGLPDFEFAFS                     EEGEERRFYYHTQKTRELDNLLGDIYHKILDMERAIIRDLVCRVCQFIPQLTKAVNFA                     AELDCILSLAIVARQNNYVRPILTEDSILEIQNGRHALQEMTVDTFVPNDTKIRSSGR                     INIITGPNYSGKSIYIKQVALVVFLAHIGSFVPADSAIVGLTDRIFCAMGSKSMTSEQ                     STFMIDLHQVGTMLRHATSRSLCLLDEFGKGTLTEDGIGLLGGTISHFTDYDCPPKVL                     LSTHLTQIFTESYLPQSEHIKCYTMSVLNPDEQTDNEDVIFLYRLVPGQALLSFGLHC                     AQLAGVPSEVVQRAVTVLGDIHSKRPIRRMVWEKLAAKDQQYQDAVTKLLAFDPHKGD                     LVNFFQEVFPS&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;284..334#896..927#1019..1113#1307..1387#1460..1532#2099..2162#2760..2911#3149..3250#3325..3352#3427..3458#3542..3599#3700..3786#4323..4379#4597..4698#4839..4883#5911..5988#6645..6695#6770..6851#7178..7251#7319..7415#7979..8075#8168..8257#8375..8439#8525..8583#8675..8751#8987..9073#9149..9208#9304..9367#10164..10217#10322..10404#10499..10530#10609..10632#10924..11039#11118..11198#aacaacttccttcccgtacaagccagtgcccgagccacgctcccgccgcacttcgcccctcgccgcctagcttgctccatcctccgcgcccgcgcagctgcgctcgccgtcgccgtcgctgcctagcttcctccagcctccgcatctgcgctctatttgtaccgcattctcggaggaggagcaggaggcgaggagccgccgagtagaggagagggggaggcgaagtcggtgctctcgccgggggttgacggtggaactccgggcgagcgatcgagccggcgaaatggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggtgcgtattggcccgatccttccgagttcctcgcctcttattgcgccacacggagtagatttctctgcccccccctcccccaccccgctgcaatccgatcgaatcgtgttgccgaaaccccagttccgcgcgatgccgggttctattttattttaaacgaaaatgtcgtgttctagtctggaatgtagcttagtagttgtagacatcagctgtactgcttttacggcaccttcccgagcgtcacacattttccttttatctgatgcggatgcggcgccatgctcagatttggttcaggtgatgcttaggaaaggcgaatcaaacattgctagtttagttgatgatttctgtaatgttgttcattgtacaagcctcaaaccaccttccgaccagatgcacattttgatatgcaaatgcattcctctgtatttctcatgatgagacgaatcgatgtattgagtttaagaggaacagccgaacaggtcctatagctgtagaaaattttgcacgtctttgttctaatgcactgtacgtactgagtgtcaaaggattacatttcaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcaggtaaaattttgatgcatacttgatttgttgagtctgagataccactgtttctctatctaacattaatccatgctactttaatgattctcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttggtatggtgctcatatgaccacacttataccaactaatttctctatctatatgaaacggaaatttacttgtaatataatgcatttttggtaacaaacaatttacatcatgtccactgtcaactattttgaacacttcgaatagaggaaacatggttatatagctgacaatctgtggtgttttttgctgtcacagtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatggtttgaactgcaacaatttctttaaccaatatcttcagttctcctttaatgattttggttaaaatcattcagattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacaggttagcagctctgttaaagtgatacatgcgatttccacaccacataatatgctttacctgattcgcaagaattgataggacttaatacacaaatgctaaattgtgtcgcatgttgcatctgcatatgaaatcaaccacattgatcaagtgagcaatcaaagctaaatgtgcatggtttggaaacttctaaagtactacttcctccgttccacaatgtaaaactttctagcattgcctagattcatatatatgttaatgaatctagatatatatagaaaacatatacattgatcaatggataaatctaggtaaggccaaaaagtcttacaatatgaaacagagggagtattcattaacagaggtgtttggtaacttatgttacataccgcgatcttgtgatgcatagatgttggccgatcccttttcaatgaggaaaccaagaattatcaattccgggaaaaattcattacaagcaacaaccttgtaggctaatagtaccttcacctgtcaatcattatatttctgatgatgtgatgatgaaatatcattgtgtttgtaaatttcagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttgtaagtgatttaagtgagattgcctctactcgtttgtacttatatgttttagatcatctacattggcacgagcttaagcatttatgaattattgttcaaactactgctaaagccatatattccttttctgacatttcttcattgtcacatatagcatgcacaatttatgaatattagcatattgcccatgcgttgcaacagaattaaaaaaaataacgtcatcaacccgtttttctatcacttacatatctcatctcttaatttctgatacacctttgagctgataggtggaaccttcggacccacactctcatttacggtgaagaaagtacatgtccattatgctcaattgcatagttagaaacagatcttttatcttcattgtaatgagctgttgagtagcattttctgtgtgaagatctgtttgcatcttccactggacatcctttatttgtctcacacaagttgctgttacactctttctatttccttttctatcactcgcccttctggctcaattttttgtttctgtcactcagatttgtctttcaagttttgttattatgcagtggtaataattttaggatttgtttacagcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattttatccttttatccgtaatgatattatacggactaaatgtgctaatgtactgatcagcatgtttttgtggttttactttggaaacaagttagaaagctatttatgtaggattgtaggtactcttcagggtaaagttatatcttgacaatttgttgcatagtgttcgatgcattcttaacaggctggtattctcatgtttttgtgtatttagtattatattccttgacacgctctcagggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggtaaggattttgtctaaaccttgtactttctcatagccatggttctgatttgtaatagtaacaaaaaattacaggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataaggtaaatgagatatttctcttctattcttcgtttctaccagtttactgattatgttgtggtcttgtggattgtagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggtcactgttactttctataatcatgattgcagatttgcagtaagaatggcattcgtcttaactaattttatgcttcattccaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacagtatccttaatttgttgaatacacatttctcaatttccccaatgctcaataccaaaaaggtaccagtagatttctgaactgtttctcctagacatgctagatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaaggtgctattatctttactctgtatgttacttgtacctccttttcttatcattccccatgttataaaaagagaggtgtgctgaaataaagtaaacaaatgatagtatctcacagtcctctgttgaaaaacagaggttaaacctgccttttgtgttgagtatgttggtgttgcttgtgttttacccttcacataaatgtataaattctgtagttctcttttagtatttggtcattgctcatggctttgttttcttggactcgcacacattgtgagttttgttctcaatgatatatatgttgtcgttgttgtacatataagaaggaacaaagccttgctttttttaagttagcaattattctatttgaagtagaagagactcaagagtaatgttaactgtgaaataattgaatcaacggatcatgataattatatgcttatcataacatgtcgtggttattcttattctctttgagcacacattattcttcttcacagtttttctaatgtgcataactgacattttatatttttctgaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaaggtacctacctgtaatgatgcatatggatctggctattactttataaatgcacaatcactttgaatatgctcctgcgttttccttctcccacttagctattccatatttgaagctctgccctaagtgcaagatacgaagcacccatacgtgcatgattttcttttctttcatttctcttgctgataatatcccttttctttcacttctcttatttcagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggtatgcctccaagtaggggctattaattttcatcatcacttaaataatagaaatttggtacaatagtgttattgcacatccatgaaaccttattttataataatgctttctccacattcatgaaactttaatgttttcaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtcagttgcaacacaattgcatcttacttgaaatgaacaaggaaattcggatacattgttttgcctttaacttagggcttgttcactttgctaccattttcaaccttaccaagttttggcattgccaaattttggtaagatagcagtctaaacgtgtctcgaataacgtaccacattataccatgccaaaatttggtaattttctagaatcttcacatagctccacacaaaagaattggtaaggcgccaaacctctaccttaccattttttagcatttgccaaactttaccaaaattcggtaggatttattttgggatcaaagtgaacaggcctttagaatgtagtgtgatagatcattagatcattggatacaacaataccaacaatggaacttttgatttatgtagcctgtgttagaccatatagttttacttgactgcttgagcttattctcctgatagcttgatgagacaattgttagcagtgaattatacagatgcatgtgctcatctcctgggtttttatctctaacgatgcagcatactgcagtatggagattatcaccataaagtgtgggccttgactgtgtagtggactgatgcttgataatattaagagagcatgattatttgcaggtttattcttttgaagtattaagattaaaaatttggcagtgttatggaggtcctagatgtattcatactggtattggtagtgagctacacgtttccatgcaaatatgcacagtcccgctagagacctgttcccatattattagtttgtcagatgccatgtatgcagtttgccactttggtattgtcatcaatatcttcctgacttaaatggctatttctgcaactggcaactttttccaaggaatattgagcctatgggacttaatgctgataattccagaactttttcaccgtaaaggcgcatatttatctgggcttctgtggagctttacttagccctttttctttctcatatatgaggtcaatggttgtatacatctgttatccataggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggaggttggaccttgcacttctttctttatgccggagtcatgttctgttcttgaattacatttttaggttctcgttccatgtaattaagcatcactttaaaggtattgtgaggatttgggggggaggggggggcagacatcatcagtaccagcaactcctgtttaaagtaatatagattttgccattatcatcctcagatgttccagttgtagttctcaccatggtgctactttctgctgagtgtattcccttgttctcaaatgctgtttatctaccaatggttctacatatgaaattttcaaacctggttatggacttatagttcagttgttcacagggatctagtcatattggggagaccaggcgcaggtcatggtttggaatttgtacaatgcacatgttgggtgtgggagagtgggagggtggttgcatgctttcatcattatggttttcctagctgttcgtctataactaatatttagtgcttcgtattaactagtaaatttgaactgtttagaaaaatattcgccagattatgtttattttactgctattaaattattgaacttgtttggttcttcgaaatgtctacattttcctgttgctatgatcataattataaaggtttgtctaaatttatttctcttaatgaaaaatagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtaatgaatcttcagacccaaaaattaatttgaatcctttatttcataatttctaataacttagttgtttctaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggtatctttttccctcatctgttgcattttcataccgcctttttcttattgtgctatttaatttgatattacctacctttctatatatgattttagcatggatgtagaaccaactatcatcactaccacctgaaatatactccctctgtttttttatttgacattgatagttgtcaagtaaaagaaaatagaggcaaaagctagttagaaatatgtagctgctaaataatgatggtaatgttcaacatgctctttttgagaaaaaaatcttgcatctgaacattcgtattcaccactatttatgtatttcatgcttgctgttcccaggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcggtatgcgctgtcttatttttattttgggtttaagttttgagtatgtaataatttccctttttatcagttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttggtagtttcattcattgatttgtttacttctttttttttctgtcttgctgatgatgaagacaaaaccatcctaatttcttcgaatgaatgttgtgtgaactttcttttttgggggtagttttagggtattttaacagtttaccttcaatgttacagtccgtgaataaaaaggcagctagtactttacctacaaacagatcctgtcatactccagttacacccaaaatgttaattgcaaaaggatttttagaattactcctatactccagtaatcaccatattttccataacttggtgtactttaagaggtagattgtacagtttttatcaaagtttagttggcttttttcttctgtgctctatggactgcttcagtttggttgcataagcccgttggtatgtcatcaatctcaaatgaccttccgatgatattaatgcttcatgaaatattagttacttgtccaaaatcataatgtagaatttcttagaaaacactcccaagtatttattatcactatagatgcaatggattttttttactctaatggggtcatattgatacagacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattggtatgcgtgcaattattgtgcatatagtggtattgttcaacttagttacttcatgcttatctaatgtgttcttattattaccgttacaccagcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcaggttagtatttatccacagtatactctcatgttacatctttgatgggtattactaacagtgtatggtttagatatttttatccaaaagttcgtaaacttactccagaatcaattttagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggtaattagttctcgtgaaatgtataccaacaagtttacactgtaatagttttgaactttctgacttaatactatttttatactaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtaattttgatattgtgtatatttcctactgaagcataaaccagtgaattgcacgacaacgatctaactatgttggacatttgccttcaaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggtctgtctatcacttaaaagcacaccgtctatatgtcgcatatggcctatgctacaaactagaaactaggaaacaattgatgtgttaatattctttgaccagatgccaataatgtatcgacttgttgagtatgctgaacaatgaattagaatcaaacattatctgttattaatacataatagataatactagactaacacatggcatccttgacattgcaaataatgctttgcaggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggtaagagttaacacggtaatctcaacctaaggttttgttgcctcatgatattgaacatgcagctaagtattgcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaaggcaagagtacataaaattttaaattcgctgccttcccccttctaaatccatcaccactgtaacagttggggcttttcttttctgatcctttctagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtgctagcttggaaaaatgttgctactgagcatgaatgtgctatttttctccatacttcaataaaaataatacgcagttctcctgcatattctcgaaaaagaagtataaatgtaaatgtgctagggttgcctgcctgattcatacgttattaaaccttttcgtggagactactattatttaaactcaagcggatatgtatacatccaagtattgcttgactag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/&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001062483.1 RefSeq:Os05g0498300]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 5]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 5]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172247</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172247"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:17:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Mutation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
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2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
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1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
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To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure1 ABCD.jpg]]    &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:FIGURE2 ABCD.jpg]]  &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure3ABC.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
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2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
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1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
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2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
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3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
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4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
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2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
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3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172244</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172244"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:16:07Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Function */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1 ABCD.jpg]]                                [[File:FIGURE2 ABCD.jpg]]                  [[File:figure3ABC.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172241</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172241"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:15:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Mutation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1 ABCD.jpg]]                                [[File:FIGURE2 ABCD.jpg]]                  [[File:figure3ABC.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172239</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172239"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:15:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Localization */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1 ABCD.jpg]]                                [[File:FIGURE2 ABCD.jpg]]                  [[File:figure3ABC.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172237</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172237"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:14:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Labs working on this gene */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1 ABCD.jpg]]                                [[File:FIGURE2 ABCD.jpg]]                  [[File:figure3ABC.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172235</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172235"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:14:33Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* References */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1 ABCD.jpg]]                                [[File:FIGURE2 ABCD.jpg]]                  [[File:figure3ABC.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure3ABC.jpg&amp;diff=172234</id>
		<title>File:Figure3ABC.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure3ABC.jpg&amp;diff=172234"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:13:46Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172233</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172233"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:13:36Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Mutation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1 ABCD.jpg]]                                [[File:FIGURE2 ABCD.jpg]]                  [[File:figure3ABC.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:FIGURE2_ABCD.jpg&amp;diff=172232</id>
		<title>File:FIGURE2 ABCD.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:FIGURE2_ABCD.jpg&amp;diff=172232"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:13:09Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172231</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172231"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:12:55Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Mutation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1 ABCD.jpg]]                                [[File:FIGURE2 ABCD.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure1_ABCD.jpg&amp;diff=172230</id>
		<title>File:Figure1 ABCD.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure1_ABCD.jpg&amp;diff=172230"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:12:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172229</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172229"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:12:12Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Mutation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1 ABCD.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172226</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172226"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:11:23Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Mutation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172225</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172225"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:10:29Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Mutation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1.jpg]]                        [[File:figure2.jpg]]                         [[File:figure3.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172223</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172223"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:09:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Mutation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure1.jpg]]    [[File:figure2.jpg]]     [[File:figure3.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure6A.jpg&amp;diff=172222</id>
		<title>File:Figure6A.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure6A.jpg&amp;diff=172222"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:09:00Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172221</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172221"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:08:46Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Localization */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6A.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure6B.jpg&amp;diff=172217</id>
		<title>File:Figure6B.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure6B.jpg&amp;diff=172217"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:07:37Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172216</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172216"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:07:19Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Expression */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure6B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172215</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172215"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:06:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Function */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure7.jpg&amp;diff=172213</id>
		<title>File:Figure7.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure7.jpg&amp;diff=172213"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:06:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: uploaded a new version of &amp;amp;quot;File:Figure7.jpg&amp;amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure7.jpg&amp;diff=172212</id>
		<title>File:Figure7.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure7.jpg&amp;diff=172212"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:05:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172211</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172211"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:05:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Function */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure7.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172209</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172209"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:04:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* References */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
1.Hu X, Qian Q, Xu T, Zhang Y, Dong G, et al. (2013) The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric GaSubunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003391. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003391&lt;br /&gt;
2.Temple BRS, Jones AM (2007) The plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58: 249–266.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H, Kumagai H, Kamiya T, et al. (2004) Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane. Plant J 38: 320–331&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172208</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172208"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:04:04Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Labs working on this gene */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
2.National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China&lt;br /&gt;
3.Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
4.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Please input cited references here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172206</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172206"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:03:22Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TUD1, encoding a functional U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts together with D1 to mediate a BR signaling pathway in rice to affect plant growth and development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Please input related labs here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Please input cited references here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172204</id>
		<title>Os03g0232600</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os03g0232600&amp;diff=172204"/>
				<updated>2014-05-25T07:02:58Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Annotated Information */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Please input one-sentence summary here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
1. TUD1 functions together with D1 in the plasma membrane(figure7)&lt;br /&gt;
we discovered a D1 genetic interactor Taihu Dwarf1(TUD1) that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Such ligases are important regulators of cell functions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that D1 and TUD1 genetically and physically interact with each other and function together to regulate BR-mediated growth in rice. Furthermore, similar genes toTUD1 are found in both Arabidopsis and other cereal species, such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. G-protein signaling mediated by TUD1, therefore, may be conserved across flowering plants. Such key signaling molecules may provide a target to increase plant productivity by modulating the strengths of signals controlling growth in different tissues such as the seed grain.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Potential application of the D1-TUD1-mediated signaling pathway in enhancing rice yield&lt;br /&gt;
D1 and TUD1 function together not only to promote plant height, panicle development and seed length increase, but also to control a hypersensitive response to infection by avirulent races of a rice blast fungus (our unpublished data). Based on the D1-TUD1-mediated pathway having dual roles in promoting plant growth and resistance to rice blast, it may be feasible to manipulate the components of this pathway to enhance rice yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
TUD1 encodes a functional U-box E3 ligase. Transformants with the TUD1gene-containing vector showed phenotypes similar to wild-type plants, while transformants with the control vector containing no target gene did not (Figure 6B). Thus, tud1 was caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a U-box gene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
A dwarf mutant similar to d1 was identified and subsequently shown to be non-allelic to d1 and we named this dwarf mutant taihu dwarf1 (tud1). The double mutant showed that tud1 and d61 had an additive effect on rice growth and development. These results showed that TUD1 acts in the same genetic pathway as D1. The phenotype of the double mutant(d1 and tud1) was similar to tud1-5 with a specific reduction of the second internode length, erect leaves and shortened grain lengths (Figure 1A–1C).&lt;br /&gt;
1.tud1 is a pleiotropic dwarf mutant&lt;br /&gt;
We compared the gross morphology of 9-week-old wild-type and tud1 plants (Figure 2A). The plant heights of tud1 mutants were significantly shorter than their corresponding wild type, and tud1-5 showed a severe dwarf phenotype. Lengths of the individual internodes of plants were measured and expressed as a relative value (Figure 2B). Among them, tud1-1, tud1-2, and tud1-5 showed a specific intermodal inhibition; the second internode was severely shortened relative to other internodes. In addition, either unhulled or hulled seeds were specifically shortened in the vertical direction in tud1 mutants (Figure 2C). Compared with their corresponding wild type, the grain lengths oftud1mutants were reduced by 30 to 44%. Their leaves were also shortened, erect and dark-green, similar to d1, but their severe rugose (curled) nature appeared to be different from d1(Figure 2D).&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether dwarfism intud1 was due to cell division, cell elongation or both, we measured the cell length and number in the third leaf sheath, the third internode and the lemma of tud1-2 and its wild type (Figure 3A–3C). Overall we found that the total number of cells, in all given organs, was reduced in the mutant compared to wild type. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Localization===&lt;br /&gt;
1.TheTUD1locus was first mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers s1193411 and s32681 (Figure 6A). TUD1was further localized to an 18.457 kb region containing three open reading frames (Figure 6A).&lt;br /&gt;
2.To investigate the subcellular localization of TUD1, we conducted an in-vivo targeting experiment using fusions of TUD1 with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a fluorescent marker in a transient transfection assay. The TUD1::sGFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts was mainly associated with the plasma membrane (Figure 7A), similar to that of D1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
Please input related labs here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Please input cited references here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os03g0232600|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = U box domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001056004.2 GI:297600600 GeneID:4332159|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 2438 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0232600, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 3:7078499..7080936|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 7079066..7080445|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008396:7078499..7080936&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome03&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtga&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MPQYQELPCGGQVLDIDTALKDGILGGGPELGDAAAGDGGKQPV                     ELRKMMDELDAAGDGGGDEAVPAVFICPISLEPMVDPVTLCTGQTYESANISRWLALG                     HRTCPTTMQELWDVTPIPNTTLRQLIAAWFSRRYTRFKKRSADFHGRAAELVHALRGT                     AVPKRQPLKGQARVAALRELRSLAAAHQSVTKAIAEAGGVGLLTSLLGPFTSHAVGSE                     AVAILVSGVPLDADAKAALMQPAKVSLLVDMLNEGAVDTKINCVRLIRILMEEKGFRP                     DTVASLSLLVGVMRLVRDKRHPDGVAAGLELLNSICAVHKPARSLIVSIGAVPQLVEL                     LPELPTECVEPALDILDALAAVPEGRIALKDCPRTITNAVRLLMRVSEACTRRALSML                     WVVCRMAPEECAPAALDAGLGAKLLLVIQSGCGPELKQQASELLKLCTMNCTSTVFIS                     KCKLTKTIQ&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;492..1871#ggcttggaccagatctcacattttttgttcagtttctctccacgccaccactccctcctccctcttcctcttccccttcctcctcacctcccattccctcagatcttcccccatatctctctgtctcgccgcagtccgcctcccaatctgaggagcttttcttcagctcaagcttcttgctcgcttgctctctactatctctccttttgactcgtggccaagctgcagaggaaacccaaaattccaagaaaagcaacaggtcaagaaagagggaaagctaaggtgagaggagatgggaggaaggaaggaaagaaagatggtgatgatggcgataagtcgccccatgattcgcgccatcattccgtctcgcccgaggccagtgcgctggtaaaagggcctcgccgtccgtccgtccggccggccgtgcggcgcgcgtggaggaggtggtggtgggtgcggaggtgcgtgcgtgagaggggcgtcttgccacaatgccgcagtaccaggagcttccctgcggcgggcaggtgctcgacatcgacaccgcgctcaaggacggcatccttgggggtggcccggagctcggggacgcggcggccggggacggagggaagcagccggtggagctgaggaagatgatggacgagctggacgcggcgggggacggcggcggggacgaggcggtgccggcggtgttcatctgcccgatctcgctcgagcccatggtggatccggtgacgctgtgcaccgggcagacgtacgagagcgccaacatctcgcggtggctcgccctcggccaccggacgtgccccaccacgatgcaggagctctgggacgtcacgcccatccccaacaccacgctccggcagctcatcgccgcctggttctcccgccgctacacccgcttcaagaagcgctccgccgacttccacggccgggccgccgagctcgtccacgcgctccgcggcacggccgtcccgaagaggcagcccctcaagggtcaggccagggtagccgcgctccgggagctgcggtccctcgccgccgcccaccagtccgtgaccaaggccatcgccgaggccggcggcgtcgggctgttgacctccctcctcggccccttcacgtcacacgccgtggggtccgaggcggtcgccattcttgtgagcggcgtgccgctcgacgccgacgccaaggccgcattgatgcagccggcgaaggtgtcgctcttggtggacatgctcaatgagggtgcggtggacaccaagatcaactgcgtccgcctcatccgcatactcatggaggagaaaggcttccggccggacacagtagccagcctgagcctgctagttggagtcatgcgcctcgttcgagacaagcggcatccggacggcgtcgctgcggggcttgagctgctcaattcgatatgcgcagtgcacaagcctgcaagaagtttgattgttagcatcggtgcggttccgcaactagtagaattgctgccagagctgccaacggagtgtgtagagccagccttggatatcttggatgcgcttgccgcagtcccggagggtcggatagcgctgaaggattgccccaggacgataaccaatgctgtgagattgttgatgagggtttcagaagcatgcacacggcgagctttgtcaatgctgtgggtggtgtgtaggatggcgcctgaagaatgcgcgccggctgctctagatgccgggcttggggccaagcttctcttggtcatacagagtgggtgcggaccagagctgaaacagcaagcgtccgaactgctcaagctgtgcaccatgaattgcacatcgacggtattcatctccaagtgcaagcttacgaagacaatccagtgagtggagtttggaattgtgctgttccgcttgtgatttggtcgatggtgaatggttcacctgttgggtctcacataatctgaagaaatggcagcaattagcaattggcagtcgacagcgtctatgtatagataaactttgcagttatgcagaatttgccatgtcatctgatggcataagggtggatgatatgagtagattgtgagacctgtggccatgttatcactgtccagcgagatgatgcgtatcgcagcattcaaaatgcagcatacacacagctaattcagtggcaagcaggtgggatgtacatgcaaattgatgaggattttggtcagctcaataagcactcgaggctgggaggtggtaagtacagccagttttgccattggtagtagaaaaattaagcaagaaacctgctgttttagattttcggcaatgtgggtctttcagggctgtagatgttcttcctttttctcatcttcggtgtaattgatggtataaactgggtagaattgtatacagtactgttgcttcataattgaaatacacattgccataggccatatcttg&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001056004.2 RefSeq:Os03g0232600]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=171162</id>
		<title>Os05g0498300</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=171162"/>
				<updated>2014-05-23T09:21:29Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;OsMSH5,similar to MSH5--a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.MSH5, a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination in budding yeast, mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. OsMSH5, is its rice homolog. &lt;br /&gt;
2.OsMSH5 functions upstream of OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10 in class I crossover formation.&lt;br /&gt;
3.We investigated OsMSH5’s roles during CO formation and synapsis and find that loss of OsMSH5 function resulted in a severe reduction in CO formation, which means OsMSH5, similar to its homolog MSH5, plays a vital role in Meiosis.&lt;br /&gt;
4.In addition to ZEP1, three other ZMM proteins including OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10, their loading depends on OsMSH5.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMSH5is predominantly expressed in panicles. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that OsMSH5 chromosomal localization is limited to the early meiotic prophase I.&lt;br /&gt;
In wild-type, OsMSH5 foci appeared almost at the same time as OsREC8 signals at leptotene(Figure 4A). number of OsMSH5 foci accumulated rapidly and reached a peak at early zygotene (Figure 4B). At early pachytene, most OsMSH5 foci started to leave from chromosomes (Figure 4C). With the progression of meiosis, however, the number of OsMSH5 foci decreased rapidly and only a few residual foci were observed at late pachytene. OsMSH5 signals were absent at diplotene and could not be detected thereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure 4A 4B 4C.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMSH5 shows significant homology with MSH5 in Arabidopsis (66% identity and 82% similarity) and is also highly related to the MSH5 in mammals and budding yeast. OsMSH5 contains a  conserved ATP-binding motif at its C-terminus (amino acids: 538–746, conserved domains ), and is similar to AtMSH5 lacking the MutS domain I, which is essential for the activity of DNA mismatch repairing.&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Five independent Osmsh5 mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth and severe sterility. The synaptonemal complex is well installed in Osmsh5, while the chiasma frequency is greatly reduced to approximately 10% of that observed in the wild-type, leading to the homologous nondisjunction and complete sterile phenotype.&lt;br /&gt;
2.Five mutants related to MSH5 are designated Osmsh5-1, Osmsh5-2, Osmsh5-3, Osmsh5-4, and Osmsh5-5, respectively. And Osmsh5-1 has single nucleotide T deletion was identified at position 9909, creating a new stop codon in exon 29, displayed a reduction in fertility. Here is the rice Osmsh5-1 mutant phenotype compared with WT phenotype.(figure A and B; figure C and D)&lt;br /&gt;
3.In the Osmsh5-1 mutant, meiotic chromosome behavior was almost identical to that of the wild-type from leptotene to pachytene (Figure 3Jand L). However, several chromosomal defects  were  apparent  from  diakinesis  through  to  the  following meiotic stages. Different numbers of univalents were observed at diakinesis in Osmsh5-1(Figure 3M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure A and B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure C and D.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure L.jpg]]      [[File:figure M.jpg]]  [[File:figure J.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
1.College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University.&lt;br /&gt;
2.bState Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Qiong Luo, Ding Tang, Mo Wang et al(2013). The Role of OsMSH5 in Crossover Formation during Rice Meiosis, Molecular Plant, 6(3) :729–742.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os05g0498300|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = MutS III domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001062483.1 GI:115464696 GeneID:4339215|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 11441 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os05g0498300, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 5|Chromosome 5]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 5:24570055..24581495|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 24570338..24570388,24570950..24570981,24571073..24571167,24571361..24571441,24571514..24571586&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24572153..24572216,24572814..24572965,24573203..24573304,24573379..24573406&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24573481..24573512,24573596..24573653,24573754..24573840,24574377..24574433&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24574651..24574752,24574893..24574937,24575965..24576042,24576699..24576749&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24576824..24576905,24577232..24577305,24577373..24577469,24578033..24578129&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24578222..24578311,24578429..24578493,24578579..24578637,24578729..24578805&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24579041..24579127,24579203..24579262,24579358..24579421,24580218..24580271&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24580376..24580458,24580553..24580584,24580663..24580686,24580978..24581093&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24581172..24581252|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttgtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatgattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacaatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcgttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttgacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattgcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcgacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MDEEEEEEMSEREVDSQVHMACVMQGRRVGIAYYDSSMHQLFVL                     EIWEDITEDFPLIDLVKYQSKPSTIYTSTKTDEALLLALQRNDCNDEAPAVKLMKSST                     FSYEQAWHRLMYLKVAAMDEGLSVKERICFLNSMMDLGSDVQVRAAGGLLAILDNERL                     LDTLDQMEGGASIAIDSVAQISLDKFLKLDATAHEALQIFQVDKHPSYMGIGRAKEGF                     SVFGMLNKCVTPMGKHLLRTWFLRPIIDIDVINNRLNTISFFLCCEDVMSALRGTLKS                     VRDIPHMLKKFNSPSSFCTSSDWHAFLKCICSLLHINKIFEVGISEHLAIKLQHMNID                     LVGKANSSITEELDYVSDLVVGVIDVQRGKEKGYDTLVKDGLCEELDELRMVYEELPD                     FLEQVSANEIASFPFSFECRKAPLIVYVHQIGYLMCFFDEKISDALLIGLPDFEFAFS                     EEGEERRFYYHTQKTRELDNLLGDIYHKILDMERAIIRDLVCRVCQFIPQLTKAVNFA                     AELDCILSLAIVARQNNYVRPILTEDSILEIQNGRHALQEMTVDTFVPNDTKIRSSGR                     INIITGPNYSGKSIYIKQVALVVFLAHIGSFVPADSAIVGLTDRIFCAMGSKSMTSEQ                     STFMIDLHQVGTMLRHATSRSLCLLDEFGKGTLTEDGIGLLGGTISHFTDYDCPPKVL                     LSTHLTQIFTESYLPQSEHIKCYTMSVLNPDEQTDNEDVIFLYRLVPGQALLSFGLHC                     AQLAGVPSEVVQRAVTVLGDIHSKRPIRRMVWEKLAAKDQQYQDAVTKLLAFDPHKGD                     LVNFFQEVFPS&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;284..334#896..927#1019..1113#1307..1387#1460..1532#2099..2162#2760..2911#3149..3250#3325..3352#3427..3458#3542..3599#3700..3786#4323..4379#4597..4698#4839..4883#5911..5988#6645..6695#6770..6851#7178..7251#7319..7415#7979..8075#8168..8257#8375..8439#8525..8583#8675..8751#8987..9073#9149..9208#9304..9367#10164..10217#10322..10404#10499..10530#10609..10632#10924..11039#11118..11198#aacaacttccttcccgtacaagccagtgcccgagccacgctcccgccgcacttcgcccctcgccgcctagcttgctccatcctccgcgcccgcgcagctgcgctcgccgtcgccgtcgctgcctagcttcctccagcctccgcatctgcgctctatttgtaccgcattctcggaggaggagcaggaggcgaggagccgccgagtagaggagagggggaggcgaagtcggtgctctcgccgggggttgacggtggaactccgggcgagcgatcgagccggcgaaatggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggtgcgtattggcccgatccttccgagttcctcgcctcttattgcgccacacggagtagatttctctgcccccccctcccccaccccgctgcaatccgatcgaatcgtgttgccgaaaccccagttccgcgcgatgccgggttctattttattttaaacgaaaatgtcgtgttctagtctggaatgtagcttagtagttgtagacatcagctgtactgcttttacggcaccttcccgagcgtcacacattttccttttatctgatgcggatgcggcgccatgctcagatttggttcaggtgatgcttaggaaaggcgaatcaaacattgctagtttagttgatgatttctgtaatgttgttcattgtacaagcctcaaaccaccttccgaccagatgcacattttgatatgcaaatgcattcctctgtatttctcatgatgagacgaatcgatgtattgagtttaagaggaacagccgaacaggtcctatagctgtagaaaattttgcacgtctttgttctaatgcactgtacgtactgagtgtcaaaggattacatttcaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcaggtaaaattttgatgcatacttgatttgttgagtctgagataccactgtttctctatctaacattaatccatgctactttaatgattctcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttggtatggtgctcatatgaccacacttataccaactaatttctctatctatatgaaacggaaatttacttgtaatataatgcatttttggtaacaaacaatttacatcatgtccactgtcaactattttgaacacttcgaatagaggaaacatggttatatagctgacaatctgtggtgttttttgctgtcacagtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatggtttgaactgcaacaatttctttaaccaatatcttcagttctcctttaatgattttggttaaaatcattcagattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacaggttagcagctctgttaaagtgatacatgcgatttccacaccacataatatgctttacctgattcgcaagaattgataggacttaatacacaaatgctaaattgtgtcgcatgttgcatctgcatatgaaatcaaccacattgatcaagtgagcaatcaaagctaaatgtgcatggtttggaaacttctaaagtactacttcctccgttccacaatgtaaaactttctagcattgcctagattcatatatatgttaatgaatctagatatatatagaaaacatatacattgatcaatggataaatctaggtaaggccaaaaagtcttacaatatgaaacagagggagtattcattaacagaggtgtttggtaacttatgttacataccgcgatcttgtgatgcatagatgttggccgatcccttttcaatgaggaaaccaagaattatcaattccgggaaaaattcattacaagcaacaaccttgtaggctaatagtaccttcacctgtcaatcattatatttctgatgatgtgatgatgaaatatcattgtgtttgtaaatttcagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttgtaagtgatttaagtgagattgcctctactcgtttgtacttatatgttttagatcatctacattggcacgagcttaagcatttatgaattattgttcaaactactgctaaagccatatattccttttctgacatttcttcattgtcacatatagcatgcacaatttatgaatattagcatattgcccatgcgttgcaacagaattaaaaaaaataacgtcatcaacccgtttttctatcacttacatatctcatctcttaatttctgatacacctttgagctgataggtggaaccttcggacccacactctcatttacggtgaagaaagtacatgtccattatgctcaattgcatagttagaaacagatcttttatcttcattgtaatgagctgttgagtagcattttctgtgtgaagatctgtttgcatcttccactggacatcctttatttgtctcacacaagttgctgttacactctttctatttccttttctatcactcgcccttctggctcaattttttgtttctgtcactcagatttgtctttcaagttttgttattatgcagtggtaataattttaggatttgtttacagcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattttatccttttatccgtaatgatattatacggactaaatgtgctaatgtactgatcagcatgtttttgtggttttactttggaaacaagttagaaagctatttatgtaggattgtaggtactcttcagggtaaagttatatcttgacaatttgttgcatagtgttcgatgcattcttaacaggctggtattctcatgtttttgtgtatttagtattatattccttgacacgctctcagggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggtaaggattttgtctaaaccttgtactttctcatagccatggttctgatttgtaatagtaacaaaaaattacaggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataaggtaaatgagatatttctcttctattcttcgtttctaccagtttactgattatgttgtggtcttgtggattgtagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggtcactgttactttctataatcatgattgcagatttgcagtaagaatggcattcgtcttaactaattttatgcttcattccaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacagtatccttaatttgttgaatacacatttctcaatttccccaatgctcaataccaaaaaggtaccagtagatttctgaactgtttctcctagacatgctagatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaaggtgctattatctttactctgtatgttacttgtacctccttttcttatcattccccatgttataaaaagagaggtgtgctgaaataaagtaaacaaatgatagtatctcacagtcctctgttgaaaaacagaggttaaacctgccttttgtgttgagtatgttggtgttgcttgtgttttacccttcacataaatgtataaattctgtagttctcttttagtatttggtcattgctcatggctttgttttcttggactcgcacacattgtgagttttgttctcaatgatatatatgttgtcgttgttgtacatataagaaggaacaaagccttgctttttttaagttagcaattattctatttgaagtagaagagactcaagagtaatgttaactgtgaaataattgaatcaacggatcatgataattatatgcttatcataacatgtcgtggttattcttattctctttgagcacacattattcttcttcacagtttttctaatgtgcataactgacattttatatttttctgaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaaggtacctacctgtaatgatgcatatggatctggctattactttataaatgcacaatcactttgaatatgctcctgcgttttccttctcccacttagctattccatatttgaagctctgccctaagtgcaagatacgaagcacccatacgtgcatgattttcttttctttcatttctcttgctgataatatcccttttctttcacttctcttatttcagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggtatgcctccaagtaggggctattaattttcatcatcacttaaataatagaaatttggtacaatagtgttattgcacatccatgaaaccttattttataataatgctttctccacattcatgaaactttaatgttttcaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtcagttgcaacacaattgcatcttacttgaaatgaacaaggaaattcggatacattgttttgcctttaacttagggcttgttcactttgctaccattttcaaccttaccaagttttggcattgccaaattttggtaagatagcagtctaaacgtgtctcgaataacgtaccacattataccatgccaaaatttggtaattttctagaatcttcacatagctccacacaaaagaattggtaaggcgccaaacctctaccttaccattttttagcatttgccaaactttaccaaaattcggtaggatttattttgggatcaaagtgaacaggcctttagaatgtagtgtgatagatcattagatcattggatacaacaataccaacaatggaacttttgatttatgtagcctgtgttagaccatatagttttacttgactgcttgagcttattctcctgatagcttgatgagacaattgttagcagtgaattatacagatgcatgtgctcatctcctgggtttttatctctaacgatgcagcatactgcagtatggagattatcaccataaagtgtgggccttgactgtgtagtggactgatgcttgataatattaagagagcatgattatttgcaggtttattcttttgaagtattaagattaaaaatttggcagtgttatggaggtcctagatgtattcatactggtattggtagtgagctacacgtttccatgcaaatatgcacagtcccgctagagacctgttcccatattattagtttgtcagatgccatgtatgcagtttgccactttggtattgtcatcaatatcttcctgacttaaatggctatttctgcaactggcaactttttccaaggaatattgagcctatgggacttaatgctgataattccagaactttttcaccgtaaaggcgcatatttatctgggcttctgtggagctttacttagccctttttctttctcatatatgaggtcaatggttgtatacatctgttatccataggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggaggttggaccttgcacttctttctttatgccggagtcatgttctgttcttgaattacatttttaggttctcgttccatgtaattaagcatcactttaaaggtattgtgaggatttgggggggaggggggggcagacatcatcagtaccagcaactcctgtttaaagtaatatagattttgccattatcatcctcagatgttccagttgtagttctcaccatggtgctactttctgctgagtgtattcccttgttctcaaatgctgtttatctaccaatggttctacatatgaaattttcaaacctggttatggacttatagttcagttgttcacagggatctagtcatattggggagaccaggcgcaggtcatggtttggaatttgtacaatgcacatgttgggtgtgggagagtgggagggtggttgcatgctttcatcattatggttttcctagctgttcgtctataactaatatttagtgcttcgtattaactagtaaatttgaactgtttagaaaaatattcgccagattatgtttattttactgctattaaattattgaacttgtttggttcttcgaaatgtctacattttcctgttgctatgatcataattataaaggtttgtctaaatttatttctcttaatgaaaaatagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtaatgaatcttcagacccaaaaattaatttgaatcctttatttcataatttctaataacttagttgtttctaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggtatctttttccctcatctgttgcattttcataccgcctttttcttattgtgctatttaatttgatattacctacctttctatatatgattttagcatggatgtagaaccaactatcatcactaccacctgaaatatactccctctgtttttttatttgacattgatagttgtcaagtaaaagaaaatagaggcaaaagctagttagaaatatgtagctgctaaataatgatggtaatgttcaacatgctctttttgagaaaaaaatcttgcatctgaacattcgtattcaccactatttatgtatttcatgcttgctgttcccaggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcggtatgcgctgtcttatttttattttgggtttaagttttgagtatgtaataatttccctttttatcagttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttggtagtttcattcattgatttgtttacttctttttttttctgtcttgctgatgatgaagacaaaaccatcctaatttcttcgaatgaatgttgtgtgaactttcttttttgggggtagttttagggtattttaacagtttaccttcaatgttacagtccgtgaataaaaaggcagctagtactttacctacaaacagatcctgtcatactccagttacacccaaaatgttaattgcaaaaggatttttagaattactcctatactccagtaatcaccatattttccataacttggtgtactttaagaggtagattgtacagtttttatcaaagtttagttggcttttttcttctgtgctctatggactgcttcagtttggttgcataagcccgttggtatgtcatcaatctcaaatgaccttccgatgatattaatgcttcatgaaatattagttacttgtccaaaatcataatgtagaatttcttagaaaacactcccaagtatttattatcactatagatgcaatggattttttttactctaatggggtcatattgatacagacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattggtatgcgtgcaattattgtgcatatagtggtattgttcaacttagttacttcatgcttatctaatgtgttcttattattaccgttacaccagcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcaggttagtatttatccacagtatactctcatgttacatctttgatgggtattactaacagtgtatggtttagatatttttatccaaaagttcgtaaacttactccagaatcaattttagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggtaattagttctcgtgaaatgtataccaacaagtttacactgtaatagttttgaactttctgacttaatactatttttatactaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtaattttgatattgtgtatatttcctactgaagcataaaccagtgaattgcacgacaacgatctaactatgttggacatttgccttcaaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggtctgtctatcacttaaaagcacaccgtctatatgtcgcatatggcctatgctacaaactagaaactaggaaacaattgatgtgttaatattctttgaccagatgccaataatgtatcgacttgttgagtatgctgaacaatgaattagaatcaaacattatctgttattaatacataatagataatactagactaacacatggcatccttgacattgcaaataatgctttgcaggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggtaagagttaacacggtaatctcaacctaaggttttgttgcctcatgatattgaacatgcagctaagtattgcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaaggcaagagtacataaaattttaaattcgctgccttcccccttctaaatccatcaccactgtaacagttggggcttttcttttctgatcctttctagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtgctagcttggaaaaatgttgctactgagcatgaatgtgctatttttctccatacttcaataaaaataatacgcagttctcctgcatattctcgaaaaagaagtataaatgtaaatgtgctagggttgcctgcctgattcatacgttattaaaccttttcgtggagactactattatttaaactcaagcggatatgtatacatccaagtattgcttgactagtatattataattagttaagactataggtttattgaaatcatactaaatcacttaggctatgttactcacctcccgcgcacgcaaaatggagcgacacattttcttatgattaattaagtatttattaatttttcttgaaaaatggattaatatgattttctaaagcaactttcgtataaaaactttttgcaaaaaaacgcacccgtgcgcgcggaacacgagggaggtgagttgggaaaggtgggggaataacacagccttaatacccttaaatggttattttgctccatacttctacaaataacaatcaacttgacattaccttctccaaacatgagggaatgtggttttacttccaacctgcatcatatatgaaaaaatccttgtgatgatattatgttttattgagtaaaagcaacagttattggctcattgctcttctacatctcataaatagcttactcaaacttggatatgcaataagccacttctattcaataatgctacaagaaccgacaatttgcagttttaacatttaccagtgtattatgttgggatatggtactcttgcaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcaggtagcaaatatctagttattactgtgtaaaagcaatttattttattttttgttggatccttttttaccctgttcataaaaaaattttgacatggaaatttgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcggtaagtggatatggaagctgctatgtatttctcatacccattatgtcatgttttgtactaatttctatcttaaattctaatgcaaacgttgaagacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggtaagcttatgcactacatttatacacatgtactccatcttttcaagtcaaatgcaactaaaattgatcttctcgcaggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtatgttcagaacaaactgcggtcagctggcattatgataacagcgataagttactccgattctttccaaggcagacataaactgctgaaatatcatgttgatatagttactgtcattataattcagtaattgacatgttatgcagtaagagtagcatcatttttactaaaagttccttctgtaacatggaacgtggatggttctaggagatatatatagtgaaactagatggcatattactccagattgtccacacgaataggatcatcatgtttccaactcttttacaggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggttattatccgctggttttaaatgcaatataggcacgcgaatctgaaagtgatctattctttgtgtgaataatttcaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctagctgtagaccaggctgcatggaacctacaaaacaaatgatgtaaaagagttgcttaaaacatggaattggcagatcatacgcgacctgctccaggaacctacaaaacaaatgctgaacctcacttgatcagtggcgttgggacattgtgtacatatttgcttggcaatgagaaatcaaattttgcgtcttttctgtttggatgagacttgtcatcgccattaaacgaatattctgtagtttcgt&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001062483.1 RefSeq:Os05g0498300]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 5]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 5]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_J.jpg&amp;diff=171161</id>
		<title>File:Figure J.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_J.jpg&amp;diff=171161"/>
				<updated>2014-05-23T09:19:24Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_M.jpg&amp;diff=171160</id>
		<title>File:Figure M.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_M.jpg&amp;diff=171160"/>
				<updated>2014-05-23T09:19:03Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_L.jpg&amp;diff=171158</id>
		<title>File:Figure L.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_L.jpg&amp;diff=171158"/>
				<updated>2014-05-23T09:18:18Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_C_and_D.jpg&amp;diff=171157</id>
		<title>File:Figure C and D.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_C_and_D.jpg&amp;diff=171157"/>
				<updated>2014-05-23T09:17:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_A_and_B.jpg&amp;diff=171156</id>
		<title>File:Figure A and B.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_A_and_B.jpg&amp;diff=171156"/>
				<updated>2014-05-23T09:17:35Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=171155</id>
		<title>Os05g0498300</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=171155"/>
				<updated>2014-05-23T09:17:18Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Mutation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Please input one-sentence summary here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.MSH5, a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination in budding yeast, mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. OsMSH5, is its rice homolog. &lt;br /&gt;
2.OsMSH5 functions upstream of OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10 in class I crossover formation.&lt;br /&gt;
3.We investigated OsMSH5’s roles during CO formation and synapsis and find that loss of OsMSH5 function resulted in a severe reduction in CO formation, which means OsMSH5, similar to its homolog MSH5, plays a vital role in Meiosis.&lt;br /&gt;
4.In addition to ZEP1, three other ZMM proteins including OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10, their loading depends on OsMSH5.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMSH5is predominantly expressed in panicles. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that OsMSH5 chromosomal localization is limited to the early meiotic prophase I.&lt;br /&gt;
In wild-type, OsMSH5 foci appeared almost at the same time as OsREC8 signals at leptotene(Figure 4A). number of OsMSH5 foci accumulated rapidly and reached a peak at early zygotene (Figure 4B). At early pachytene, most OsMSH5 foci started to leave from chromosomes (Figure 4C). With the progression of meiosis, however, the number of OsMSH5 foci decreased rapidly and only a few residual foci were observed at late pachytene. OsMSH5 signals were absent at diplotene and could not be detected thereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure 4A 4B 4C.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMSH5 shows significant homology with MSH5 in Arabidopsis (66% identity and 82% similarity) and is also highly related to the MSH5 in mammals and budding yeast. OsMSH5 contains a  conserved ATP-binding motif at its C-terminus (amino acids: 538–746, conserved domains ), and is similar to AtMSH5 lacking the MutS domain I, which is essential for the activity of DNA mismatch repairing.&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Five independent Osmsh5 mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth and severe sterility. The synaptonemal complex is well installed in Osmsh5, while the chiasma frequency is greatly reduced to approximately 10% of that observed in the wild-type, leading to the homologous nondisjunction and complete sterile phenotype.&lt;br /&gt;
2.Five mutants related to MSH5 are designated Osmsh5-1, Osmsh5-2, Osmsh5-3, Osmsh5-4, and Osmsh5-5, respectively. And Osmsh5-1 has single nucleotide T deletion was identified at position 9909, creating a new stop codon in exon 29, displayed a reduction in fertility. Here is the rice Osmsh5-1 mutant phenotype compared with WT phenotype.(figure A and B; figure C and D)&lt;br /&gt;
3.In the Osmsh5-1 mutant, meiotic chromosome behavior was almost identical to that of the wild-type from leptotene to pachytene (Figure 3Jand L). However, several chromosomal defects  were  apparent  from  diakinesis  through  to  the  following meiotic stages. Different numbers of univalents were observed at diakinesis in Osmsh5-1(Figure 3M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure A and B.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure C and D.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure L.jpg]]      [[File:figure M.jpg]]  [[File:figure J.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
1.College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University.&lt;br /&gt;
2.bState Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Qiong Luo, Ding Tang, Mo Wang et al(2013). The Role of OsMSH5 in Crossover Formation during Rice Meiosis, Molecular Plant, 6(3) :729–742.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os05g0498300|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = MutS III domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001062483.1 GI:115464696 GeneID:4339215|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 11441 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os05g0498300, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 5|Chromosome 5]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 5:24570055..24581495|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 24570338..24570388,24570950..24570981,24571073..24571167,24571361..24571441,24571514..24571586&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24572153..24572216,24572814..24572965,24573203..24573304,24573379..24573406&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24573481..24573512,24573596..24573653,24573754..24573840,24574377..24574433&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24574651..24574752,24574893..24574937,24575965..24576042,24576699..24576749&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24576824..24576905,24577232..24577305,24577373..24577469,24578033..24578129&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24578222..24578311,24578429..24578493,24578579..24578637,24578729..24578805&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24579041..24579127,24579203..24579262,24579358..24579421,24580218..24580271&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24580376..24580458,24580553..24580584,24580663..24580686,24580978..24581093&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24581172..24581252|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttgtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatgattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacaatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcgttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttgacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattgcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcgacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MDEEEEEEMSEREVDSQVHMACVMQGRRVGIAYYDSSMHQLFVL                     EIWEDITEDFPLIDLVKYQSKPSTIYTSTKTDEALLLALQRNDCNDEAPAVKLMKSST                     FSYEQAWHRLMYLKVAAMDEGLSVKERICFLNSMMDLGSDVQVRAAGGLLAILDNERL                     LDTLDQMEGGASIAIDSVAQISLDKFLKLDATAHEALQIFQVDKHPSYMGIGRAKEGF                     SVFGMLNKCVTPMGKHLLRTWFLRPIIDIDVINNRLNTISFFLCCEDVMSALRGTLKS                     VRDIPHMLKKFNSPSSFCTSSDWHAFLKCICSLLHINKIFEVGISEHLAIKLQHMNID                     LVGKANSSITEELDYVSDLVVGVIDVQRGKEKGYDTLVKDGLCEELDELRMVYEELPD                     FLEQVSANEIASFPFSFECRKAPLIVYVHQIGYLMCFFDEKISDALLIGLPDFEFAFS                     EEGEERRFYYHTQKTRELDNLLGDIYHKILDMERAIIRDLVCRVCQFIPQLTKAVNFA                     AELDCILSLAIVARQNNYVRPILTEDSILEIQNGRHALQEMTVDTFVPNDTKIRSSGR                     INIITGPNYSGKSIYIKQVALVVFLAHIGSFVPADSAIVGLTDRIFCAMGSKSMTSEQ                     STFMIDLHQVGTMLRHATSRSLCLLDEFGKGTLTEDGIGLLGGTISHFTDYDCPPKVL                     LSTHLTQIFTESYLPQSEHIKCYTMSVLNPDEQTDNEDVIFLYRLVPGQALLSFGLHC                     AQLAGVPSEVVQRAVTVLGDIHSKRPIRRMVWEKLAAKDQQYQDAVTKLLAFDPHKGD                     LVNFFQEVFPS&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;284..334#896..927#1019..1113#1307..1387#1460..1532#2099..2162#2760..2911#3149..3250#3325..3352#3427..3458#3542..3599#3700..3786#4323..4379#4597..4698#4839..4883#5911..5988#6645..6695#6770..6851#7178..7251#7319..7415#7979..8075#8168..8257#8375..8439#8525..8583#8675..8751#8987..9073#9149..9208#9304..9367#10164..10217#10322..10404#10499..10530#10609..10632#10924..11039#11118..11198#aacaacttccttcccgtacaagccagtgcccgagccacgctcccgccgcacttcgcccctcgccgcctagcttgctccatcctccgcgcccgcgcagctgcgctcgccgtcgccgtcgctgcctagcttcctccagcctccgcatctgcgctctatttgtaccgcattctcggaggaggagcaggaggcgaggagccgccgagtagaggagagggggaggcgaagtcggtgctctcgccgggggttgacggtggaactccgggcgagcgatcgagccggcgaaatggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggtgcgtattggcccgatccttccgagttcctcgcctcttattgcgccacacggagtagatttctctgcccccccctcccccaccccgctgcaatccgatcgaatcgtgttgccgaaaccccagttccgcgcgatgccgggttctattttattttaaacgaaaatgtcgtgttctagtctggaatgtagcttagtagttgtagacatcagctgtactgcttttacggcaccttcccgagcgtcacacattttccttttatctgatgcggatgcggcgccatgctcagatttggttcaggtgatgcttaggaaaggcgaatcaaacattgctagtttagttgatgatttctgtaatgttgttcattgtacaagcctcaaaccaccttccgaccagatgcacattttgatatgcaaatgcattcctctgtatttctcatgatgagacgaatcgatgtattgagtttaagaggaacagccgaacaggtcctatagctgtagaaaattttgcacgtctttgttctaatgcactgtacgtactgagtgtcaaaggattacatttcaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcaggtaaaattttgatgcatacttgatttgttgagtctgagataccactgtttctctatctaacattaatccatgctactttaatgattctcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttggtatggtgctcatatgaccacacttataccaactaatttctctatctatatgaaacggaaatttacttgtaatataatgcatttttggtaacaaacaatttacatcatgtccactgtcaactattttgaacacttcgaatagaggaaacatggttatatagctgacaatctgtggtgttttttgctgtcacagtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatggtttgaactgcaacaatttctttaaccaatatcttcagttctcctttaatgattttggttaaaatcattcagattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacaggttagcagctctgttaaagtgatacatgcgatttccacaccacataatatgctttacctgattcgcaagaattgataggacttaatacacaaatgctaaattgtgtcgcatgttgcatctgcatatgaaatcaaccacattgatcaagtgagcaatcaaagctaaatgtgcatggtttggaaacttctaaagtactacttcctccgttccacaatgtaaaactttctagcattgcctagattcatatatatgttaatgaatctagatatatatagaaaacatatacattgatcaatggataaatctaggtaaggccaaaaagtcttacaatatgaaacagagggagtattcattaacagaggtgtttggtaacttatgttacataccgcgatcttgtgatgcatagatgttggccgatcccttttcaatgaggaaaccaagaattatcaattccgggaaaaattcattacaagcaacaaccttgtaggctaatagtaccttcacctgtcaatcattatatttctgatgatgtgatgatgaaatatcattgtgtttgtaaatttcagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttgtaagtgatttaagtgagattgcctctactcgtttgtacttatatgttttagatcatctacattggcacgagcttaagcatttatgaattattgttcaaactactgctaaagccatatattccttttctgacatttcttcattgtcacatatagcatgcacaatttatgaatattagcatattgcccatgcgttgcaacagaattaaaaaaaataacgtcatcaacccgtttttctatcacttacatatctcatctcttaatttctgatacacctttgagctgataggtggaaccttcggacccacactctcatttacggtgaagaaagtacatgtccattatgctcaattgcatagttagaaacagatcttttatcttcattgtaatgagctgttgagtagcattttctgtgtgaagatctgtttgcatcttccactggacatcctttatttgtctcacacaagttgctgttacactctttctatttccttttctatcactcgcccttctggctcaattttttgtttctgtcactcagatttgtctttcaagttttgttattatgcagtggtaataattttaggatttgtttacagcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattttatccttttatccgtaatgatattatacggactaaatgtgctaatgtactgatcagcatgtttttgtggttttactttggaaacaagttagaaagctatttatgtaggattgtaggtactcttcagggtaaagttatatcttgacaatttgttgcatagtgttcgatgcattcttaacaggctggtattctcatgtttttgtgtatttagtattatattccttgacacgctctcagggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggtaaggattttgtctaaaccttgtactttctcatagccatggttctgatttgtaatagtaacaaaaaattacaggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataaggtaaatgagatatttctcttctattcttcgtttctaccagtttactgattatgttgtggtcttgtggattgtagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggtcactgttactttctataatcatgattgcagatttgcagtaagaatggcattcgtcttaactaattttatgcttcattccaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacagtatccttaatttgttgaatacacatttctcaatttccccaatgctcaataccaaaaaggtaccagtagatttctgaactgtttctcctagacatgctagatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaaggtgctattatctttactctgtatgttacttgtacctccttttcttatcattccccatgttataaaaagagaggtgtgctgaaataaagtaaacaaatgatagtatctcacagtcctctgttgaaaaacagaggttaaacctgccttttgtgttgagtatgttggtgttgcttgtgttttacccttcacataaatgtataaattctgtagttctcttttagtatttggtcattgctcatggctttgttttcttggactcgcacacattgtgagttttgttctcaatgatatatatgttgtcgttgttgtacatataagaaggaacaaagccttgctttttttaagttagcaattattctatttgaagtagaagagactcaagagtaatgttaactgtgaaataattgaatcaacggatcatgataattatatgcttatcataacatgtcgtggttattcttattctctttgagcacacattattcttcttcacagtttttctaatgtgcataactgacattttatatttttctgaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaaggtacctacctgtaatgatgcatatggatctggctattactttataaatgcacaatcactttgaatatgctcctgcgttttccttctcccacttagctattccatatttgaagctctgccctaagtgcaagatacgaagcacccatacgtgcatgattttcttttctttcatttctcttgctgataatatcccttttctttcacttctcttatttcagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggtatgcctccaagtaggggctattaattttcatcatcacttaaataatagaaatttggtacaatagtgttattgcacatccatgaaaccttattttataataatgctttctccacattcatgaaactttaatgttttcaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtcagttgcaacacaattgcatcttacttgaaatgaacaaggaaattcggatacattgttttgcctttaacttagggcttgttcactttgctaccattttcaaccttaccaagttttggcattgccaaattttggtaagatagcagtctaaacgtgtctcgaataacgtaccacattataccatgccaaaatttggtaattttctagaatcttcacatagctccacacaaaagaattggtaaggcgccaaacctctaccttaccattttttagcatttgccaaactttaccaaaattcggtaggatttattttgggatcaaagtgaacaggcctttagaatgtagtgtgatagatcattagatcattggatacaacaataccaacaatggaacttttgatttatgtagcctgtgttagaccatatagttttacttgactgcttgagcttattctcctgatagcttgatgagacaattgttagcagtgaattatacagatgcatgtgctcatctcctgggtttttatctctaacgatgcagcatactgcagtatggagattatcaccataaagtgtgggccttgactgtgtagtggactgatgcttgataatattaagagagcatgattatttgcaggtttattcttttgaagtattaagattaaaaatttggcagtgttatggaggtcctagatgtattcatactggtattggtagtgagctacacgtttccatgcaaatatgcacagtcccgctagagacctgttcccatattattagtttgtcagatgccatgtatgcagtttgccactttggtattgtcatcaatatcttcctgacttaaatggctatttctgcaactggcaactttttccaaggaatattgagcctatgggacttaatgctgataattccagaactttttcaccgtaaaggcgcatatttatctgggcttctgtggagctttacttagccctttttctttctcatatatgaggtcaatggttgtatacatctgttatccataggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggaggttggaccttgcacttctttctttatgccggagtcatgttctgttcttgaattacatttttaggttctcgttccatgtaattaagcatcactttaaaggtattgtgaggatttgggggggaggggggggcagacatcatcagtaccagcaactcctgtttaaagtaatatagattttgccattatcatcctcagatgttccagttgtagttctcaccatggtgctactttctgctgagtgtattcccttgttctcaaatgctgtttatctaccaatggttctacatatgaaattttcaaacctggttatggacttatagttcagttgttcacagggatctagtcatattggggagaccaggcgcaggtcatggtttggaatttgtacaatgcacatgttgggtgtgggagagtgggagggtggttgcatgctttcatcattatggttttcctagctgttcgtctataactaatatttagtgcttcgtattaactagtaaatttgaactgtttagaaaaatattcgccagattatgtttattttactgctattaaattattgaacttgtttggttcttcgaaatgtctacattttcctgttgctatgatcataattataaaggtttgtctaaatttatttctcttaatgaaaaatagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtaatgaatcttcagacccaaaaattaatttgaatcctttatttcataatttctaataacttagttgtttctaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggtatctttttccctcatctgttgcattttcataccgcctttttcttattgtgctatttaatttgatattacctacctttctatatatgattttagcatggatgtagaaccaactatcatcactaccacctgaaatatactccctctgtttttttatttgacattgatagttgtcaagtaaaagaaaatagaggcaaaagctagttagaaatatgtagctgctaaataatgatggtaatgttcaacatgctctttttgagaaaaaaatcttgcatctgaacattcgtattcaccactatttatgtatttcatgcttgctgttcccaggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcggtatgcgctgtcttatttttattttgggtttaagttttgagtatgtaataatttccctttttatcagttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttggtagtttcattcattgatttgtttacttctttttttttctgtcttgctgatgatgaagacaaaaccatcctaatttcttcgaatgaatgttgtgtgaactttcttttttgggggtagttttagggtattttaacagtttaccttcaatgttacagtccgtgaataaaaaggcagctagtactttacctacaaacagatcctgtcatactccagttacacccaaaatgttaattgcaaaaggatttttagaattactcctatactccagtaatcaccatattttccataacttggtgtactttaagaggtagattgtacagtttttatcaaagtttagttggcttttttcttctgtgctctatggactgcttcagtttggttgcataagcccgttggtatgtcatcaatctcaaatgaccttccgatgatattaatgcttcatgaaatattagttacttgtccaaaatcataatgtagaatttcttagaaaacactcccaagtatttattatcactatagatgcaatggattttttttactctaatggggtcatattgatacagacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattggtatgcgtgcaattattgtgcatatagtggtattgttcaacttagttacttcatgcttatctaatgtgttcttattattaccgttacaccagcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcaggttagtatttatccacagtatactctcatgttacatctttgatgggtattactaacagtgtatggtttagatatttttatccaaaagttcgtaaacttactccagaatcaattttagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggtaattagttctcgtgaaatgtataccaacaagtttacactgtaatagttttgaactttctgacttaatactatttttatactaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtaattttgatattgtgtatatttcctactgaagcataaaccagtgaattgcacgacaacgatctaactatgttggacatttgccttcaaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggtctgtctatcacttaaaagcacaccgtctatatgtcgcatatggcctatgctacaaactagaaactaggaaacaattgatgtgttaatattctttgaccagatgccaataatgtatcgacttgttgagtatgctgaacaatgaattagaatcaaacattatctgttattaatacataatagataatactagactaacacatggcatccttgacattgcaaataatgctttgcaggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggtaagagttaacacggtaatctcaacctaaggttttgttgcctcatgatattgaacatgcagctaagtattgcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaaggcaagagtacataaaattttaaattcgctgccttcccccttctaaatccatcaccactgtaacagttggggcttttcttttctgatcctttctagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtgctagcttggaaaaatgttgctactgagcatgaatgtgctatttttctccatacttcaataaaaataatacgcagttctcctgcatattctcgaaaaagaagtataaatgtaaatgtgctagggttgcctgcctgattcatacgttattaaaccttttcgtggagactactattatttaaactcaagcggatatgtatacatccaagtattgcttgactagtatattataattagttaagactataggtttattgaaatcatactaaatcacttaggctatgttactcacctcccgcgcacgcaaaatggagcgacacattttcttatgattaattaagtatttattaatttttcttgaaaaatggattaatatgattttctaaagcaactttcgtataaaaactttttgcaaaaaaacgcacccgtgcgcgcggaacacgagggaggtgagttgggaaaggtgggggaataacacagccttaatacccttaaatggttattttgctccatacttctacaaataacaatcaacttgacattaccttctccaaacatgagggaatgtggttttacttccaacctgcatcatatatgaaaaaatccttgtgatgatattatgttttattgagtaaaagcaacagttattggctcattgctcttctacatctcataaatagcttactcaaacttggatatgcaataagccacttctattcaataatgctacaagaaccgacaatttgcagttttaacatttaccagtgtattatgttgggatatggtactcttgcaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcaggtagcaaatatctagttattactgtgtaaaagcaatttattttattttttgttggatccttttttaccctgttcataaaaaaattttgacatggaaatttgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcggtaagtggatatggaagctgctatgtatttctcatacccattatgtcatgttttgtactaatttctatcttaaattctaatgcaaacgttgaagacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggtaagcttatgcactacatttatacacatgtactccatcttttcaagtcaaatgcaactaaaattgatcttctcgcaggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtatgttcagaacaaactgcggtcagctggcattatgataacagcgataagttactccgattctttccaaggcagacataaactgctgaaatatcatgttgatatagttactgtcattataattcagtaattgacatgttatgcagtaagagtagcatcatttttactaaaagttccttctgtaacatggaacgtggatggttctaggagatatatatagtgaaactagatggcatattactccagattgtccacacgaataggatcatcatgtttccaactcttttacaggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggttattatccgctggttttaaatgcaatataggcacgcgaatctgaaagtgatctattctttgtgtgaataatttcaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctagctgtagaccaggctgcatggaacctacaaaacaaatgatgtaaaagagttgcttaaaacatggaattggcagatcatacgcgacctgctccaggaacctacaaaacaaatgctgaacctcacttgatcagtggcgttgggacattgtgtacatatttgcttggcaatgagaaatcaaattttgcgtcttttctgtttggatgagacttgtcatcgccattaaacgaatattctgtagtttcgt&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001062483.1 RefSeq:Os05g0498300]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 5]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 5]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_4A_4B_4C.jpg&amp;diff=171153</id>
		<title>File:Figure 4A 4B 4C.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:Figure_4A_4B_4C.jpg&amp;diff=171153"/>
				<updated>2014-05-23T09:14:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=171152</id>
		<title>Os05g0498300</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0498300&amp;diff=171152"/>
				<updated>2014-05-23T09:13:52Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Lujia09: /* Expression */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Please input one-sentence summary here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Annotated Information==&lt;br /&gt;
===Function===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.MSH5, a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination in budding yeast, mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. OsMSH5, is its rice homolog. &lt;br /&gt;
2.OsMSH5 functions upstream of OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10 in class I crossover formation.&lt;br /&gt;
3.We investigated OsMSH5’s roles during CO formation and synapsis and find that loss of OsMSH5 function resulted in a severe reduction in CO formation, which means OsMSH5, similar to its homolog MSH5, plays a vital role in Meiosis.&lt;br /&gt;
4.In addition to ZEP1, three other ZMM proteins including OsZIP4, OsMER3, and HEI10, their loading depends on OsMSH5.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expression===&lt;br /&gt;
1.OsMSH5is predominantly expressed in panicles. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that OsMSH5 chromosomal localization is limited to the early meiotic prophase I.&lt;br /&gt;
In wild-type, OsMSH5 foci appeared almost at the same time as OsREC8 signals at leptotene(Figure 4A). number of OsMSH5 foci accumulated rapidly and reached a peak at early zygotene (Figure 4B). At early pachytene, most OsMSH5 foci started to leave from chromosomes (Figure 4C). With the progression of meiosis, however, the number of OsMSH5 foci decreased rapidly and only a few residual foci were observed at late pachytene. OsMSH5 signals were absent at diplotene and could not be detected thereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:figure 4A 4B 4C.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Evolution===&lt;br /&gt;
OsMSH5 shows significant homology with MSH5 in Arabidopsis (66% identity and 82% similarity) and is also highly related to the MSH5 in mammals and budding yeast. OsMSH5 contains a  conserved ATP-binding motif at its C-terminus (amino acids: 538–746, conserved domains ), and is similar to AtMSH5 lacking the MutS domain I, which is essential for the activity of DNA mismatch repairing.&lt;br /&gt;
===Mutation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.Five independent Osmsh5 mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth and severe sterility. The synaptonemal complex is well installed in Osmsh5, while the chiasma frequency is greatly reduced to approximately 10% of that observed in the wild-type, leading to the homologous nondisjunction and complete sterile phenotype.&lt;br /&gt;
2.Five mutants related to MSH5 are designated Osmsh5-1, Osmsh5-2, Osmsh5-3, Osmsh5-4, and Osmsh5-5, respectively. And Osmsh5-1 has single nucleotide T deletion was identified at position 9909, creating a new stop codon in exon 29, displayed a reduction in fertility. Here is the rice Osmsh5-1 mutant phenotype compared with WT phenotype.(figure A and B; figure C and D)&lt;br /&gt;
3.In the Osmsh5-1 mutant, meiotic chromosome behavior was almost identical to that of the wild-type from leptotene to pachytene (Figure 3Jand L). However, several chromosomal defects  were  apparent  from  diakinesis  through  to  the  following meiotic stages. Different numbers of univalents were observed at diakinesis in Osmsh5-1(Figure 3M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Labs working on this gene==&lt;br /&gt;
1.College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University.&lt;br /&gt;
2.bState Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
Qiong Luo, Ding Tang, Mo Wang et al(2013). The Role of OsMSH5 in Crossover Formation during Rice Meiosis, Molecular Plant, 6(3) :729–742.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Structured Information==&lt;br /&gt;
{{JaponicaGene|&lt;br /&gt;
GeneName = Os05g0498300|&lt;br /&gt;
Description = MutS III domain containing protein|&lt;br /&gt;
Version = NM_001062483.1 GI:115464696 GeneID:4339215|&lt;br /&gt;
Length = 11441 bp|&lt;br /&gt;
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os05g0498300, complete gene.|&lt;br /&gt;
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group&lt;br /&gt;
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;&lt;br /&gt;
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP&lt;br /&gt;
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 5|Chromosome 5]]|&lt;br /&gt;
AP = Chromosome 5:24570055..24581495|&lt;br /&gt;
CDS = 24570338..24570388,24570950..24570981,24571073..24571167,24571361..24571441,24571514..24571586&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24572153..24572216,24572814..24572965,24573203..24573304,24573379..24573406&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24573481..24573512,24573596..24573653,24573754..24573840,24574377..24574433&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24574651..24574752,24574893..24574937,24575965..24576042,24576699..24576749&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24576824..24576905,24577232..24577305,24577373..24577469,24578033..24578129&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24578222..24578311,24578429..24578493,24578579..24578637,24578729..24578805&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24579041..24579127,24579203..24579262,24579358..24579421,24580218..24580271&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24580376..24580458,24580553..24580584,24580663..24580686,24580978..24581093&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;,24581172..24581252|&lt;br /&gt;
GCID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage1&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
GSID = &amp;lt;gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
name=NC_008398:24570055..24581495&lt;br /&gt;
source=RiceChromosome05&lt;br /&gt;
preset=GeneLocation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gbrowseImage2&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
CDNA = &amp;lt;cdnaseq&amp;gt;atggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttgtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatgattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacaatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcgttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttgacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattgcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcgacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctag&amp;lt;/cdnaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
AA = &amp;lt;aaseq&amp;gt;MDEEEEEEMSEREVDSQVHMACVMQGRRVGIAYYDSSMHQLFVL                     EIWEDITEDFPLIDLVKYQSKPSTIYTSTKTDEALLLALQRNDCNDEAPAVKLMKSST                     FSYEQAWHRLMYLKVAAMDEGLSVKERICFLNSMMDLGSDVQVRAAGGLLAILDNERL                     LDTLDQMEGGASIAIDSVAQISLDKFLKLDATAHEALQIFQVDKHPSYMGIGRAKEGF                     SVFGMLNKCVTPMGKHLLRTWFLRPIIDIDVINNRLNTISFFLCCEDVMSALRGTLKS                     VRDIPHMLKKFNSPSSFCTSSDWHAFLKCICSLLHINKIFEVGISEHLAIKLQHMNID                     LVGKANSSITEELDYVSDLVVGVIDVQRGKEKGYDTLVKDGLCEELDELRMVYEELPD                     FLEQVSANEIASFPFSFECRKAPLIVYVHQIGYLMCFFDEKISDALLIGLPDFEFAFS                     EEGEERRFYYHTQKTRELDNLLGDIYHKILDMERAIIRDLVCRVCQFIPQLTKAVNFA                     AELDCILSLAIVARQNNYVRPILTEDSILEIQNGRHALQEMTVDTFVPNDTKIRSSGR                     INIITGPNYSGKSIYIKQVALVVFLAHIGSFVPADSAIVGLTDRIFCAMGSKSMTSEQ                     STFMIDLHQVGTMLRHATSRSLCLLDEFGKGTLTEDGIGLLGGTISHFTDYDCPPKVL                     LSTHLTQIFTESYLPQSEHIKCYTMSVLNPDEQTDNEDVIFLYRLVPGQALLSFGLHC                     AQLAGVPSEVVQRAVTVLGDIHSKRPIRRMVWEKLAAKDQQYQDAVTKLLAFDPHKGD                     LVNFFQEVFPS&amp;lt;/aaseq&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
DNA = &amp;lt;dnaseqindica&amp;gt;284..334#896..927#1019..1113#1307..1387#1460..1532#2099..2162#2760..2911#3149..3250#3325..3352#3427..3458#3542..3599#3700..3786#4323..4379#4597..4698#4839..4883#5911..5988#6645..6695#6770..6851#7178..7251#7319..7415#7979..8075#8168..8257#8375..8439#8525..8583#8675..8751#8987..9073#9149..9208#9304..9367#10164..10217#10322..10404#10499..10530#10609..10632#10924..11039#11118..11198#aacaacttccttcccgtacaagccagtgcccgagccacgctcccgccgcacttcgcccctcgccgcctagcttgctccatcctccgcgcccgcgcagctgcgctcgccgtcgccgtcgctgcctagcttcctccagcctccgcatctgcgctctatttgtaccgcattctcggaggaggagcaggaggcgaggagccgccgagtagaggagagggggaggcgaagtcggtgctctcgccgggggttgacggtggaactccgggcgagcgatcgagccggcgaaatggacgaggaagaggaggaggagatgtccgagagggaggtcgactcccaggtgcgtattggcccgatccttccgagttcctcgcctcttattgcgccacacggagtagatttctctgcccccccctcccccaccccgctgcaatccgatcgaatcgtgttgccgaaaccccagttccgcgcgatgccgggttctattttattttaaacgaaaatgtcgtgttctagtctggaatgtagcttagtagttgtagacatcagctgtactgcttttacggcaccttcccgagcgtcacacattttccttttatctgatgcggatgcggcgccatgctcagatttggttcaggtgatgcttaggaaaggcgaatcaaacattgctagtttagttgatgatttctgtaatgttgttcattgtacaagcctcaaaccaccttccgaccagatgcacattttgatatgcaaatgcattcctctgtatttctcatgatgagacgaatcgatgtattgagtttaagaggaacagccgaacaggtcctatagctgtagaaaattttgcacgtctttgttctaatgcactgtacgtactgagtgtcaaaggattacatttcaggttcatatggcttgtgtaatgcaaggacgcaggtaaaattttgatgcatacttgatttgttgagtctgagataccactgtttctctatctaacattaatccatgctactttaatgattctcagagttggaatagcatactatgattcaagtatgcaccagctttttgtattggaaatctgggaagacataactgaagattttcctttgattgatcttggtatggtgctcatatgaccacacttataccaactaatttctctatctatatgaaacggaaatttacttgtaatataatgcatttttggtaacaaacaatttacatcatgtccactgtcaactattttgaacacttcgaatagaggaaacatggttatatagctgacaatctgtggtgttttttgctgtcacagtgaaatatcaatccaaaccgagcacaatatacacaagtactaaaacagatgaggcacttttgttggcgttacaacgaaatggtttgaactgcaacaatttctttaaccaatatcttcagttctcctttaatgattttggttaaaatcattcagattgtaatgatgaggcccctgctgtgaagctcatgaaaagctcaaccttcagctatgagcaagcctggcacaggttagcagctctgttaaagtgatacatgcgatttccacaccacataatatgctttacctgattcgcaagaattgataggacttaatacacaaatgctaaattgtgtcgcatgttgcatctgcatatgaaatcaaccacattgatcaagtgagcaatcaaagctaaatgtgcatggtttggaaacttctaaagtactacttcctccgttccacaatgtaaaactttctagcattgcctagattcatatatatgttaatgaatctagatatatatagaaaacatatacattgatcaatggataaatctaggtaaggccaaaaagtcttacaatatgaaacagagggagtattcattaacagaggtgtttggtaacttatgttacataccgcgatcttgtgatgcatagatgttggccgatcccttttcaatgaggaaaccaagaattatcaattccgggaaaaattcattacaagcaacaaccttgtaggctaatagtaccttcacctgtcaatcattatatttctgatgatgtgatgatgaaatatcattgtgtttgtaaatttcagattaatgtacttgaaagtcgcagctatggacgaagggttaagtgtaaaagaaaggatctgttttgtaagtgatttaagtgagattgcctctactcgtttgtacttatatgttttagatcatctacattggcacgagcttaagcatttatgaattattgttcaaactactgctaaagccatatattccttttctgacatttcttcattgtcacatatagcatgcacaatttatgaatattagcatattgcccatgcgttgcaacagaattaaaaaaaataacgtcatcaacccgtttttctatcacttacatatctcatctcttaatttctgatacacctttgagctgataggtggaaccttcggacccacactctcatttacggtgaagaaagtacatgtccattatgctcaattgcatagttagaaacagatcttttatcttcattgtaatgagctgttgagtagcattttctgtgtgaagatctgtttgcatcttccactggacatcctttatttgtctcacacaagttgctgttacactctttctatttccttttctatcactcgcccttctggctcaattttttgtttctgtcactcagatttgtctttcaagttttgttattatgcagtggtaataattttaggatttgtttacagcttaattccatgatggatcttggaagtgacgttcaagttcgtgctgctggaggtcttcttgctatattagacaacgagaggcttcttgatacccttgatcagatggaaggtggagcatccattgctattgattctgtggcacagatatcattttatccttttatccgtaatgatattatacggactaaatgtgctaatgtactgatcagcatgtttttgtggttttactttggaaacaagttagaaagctatttatgtaggattgtaggtactcttcagggtaaagttatatcttgacaatttgttgcatagtgttcgatgcattcttaacaggctggtattctcatgtttttgtgtatttagtattatattccttgacacgctctcagggacaagttcctgaaacttgatgcaacagctcacgaggcgctacagatttttcaagtagataaacaccccagttacatgggaattggaagggctaaagaagggtaaggattttgtctaaaccttgtactttctcatagccatggttctgatttgtaatagtaacaaaaaattacaggttctcagtttttggtatgctcaataaggtaaatgagatatttctcttctattcttcgtttctaccagtttactgattatgttgtggtcttgtggattgtagtgcgtcactcctatgggaaaacatctcttgaggtcactgttactttctataatcatgattgcagatttgcagtaagaatggcattcgtcttaactaattttatgcttcattccaggacatggtttttacgtcctataatcgatattgatgtcataaataatcgcctcaatacagtatccttaatttgttgaatacacatttctcaatttccccaatgctcaataccaaaaaggtaccagtagatttctgaactgtttctcctagacatgctagatatcattctttctttgctgtgaagatgtaatgtctgcactgcgtgggactttgaagtctgtcagagatattccccacatgctcaaggtgctattatctttactctgtatgttacttgtacctccttttcttatcattccccatgttataaaaagagaggtgtgctgaaataaagtaaacaaatgatagtatctcacagtcctctgttgaaaaacagaggttaaacctgccttttgtgttgagtatgttggtgttgcttgtgttttacccttcacataaatgtataaattctgtagttctcttttagtatttggtcattgctcatggctttgttttcttggactcgcacacattgtgagttttgttctcaatgatatatatgttgtcgttgttgtacatataagaaggaacaaagccttgctttttttaagttagcaattattctatttgaagtagaagagactcaagagtaatgttaactgtgaaataattgaatcaacggatcatgataattatatgcttatcataacatgtcgtggttattcttattctctttgagcacacattattcttcttcacagtttttctaatgtgcataactgacattttatatttttctgaagaaattcaactctccaagttcattctgtacaagcagtgactggcatgcatttctgaaggtacctacctgtaatgatgcatatggatctggctattactttataaatgcacaatcactttgaatatgctcctgcgttttccttctcccacttagctattccatatttgaagctctgccctaagtgcaagatacgaagcacccatacgtgcatgattttcttttctttcatttctcttgctgataatatcccttttctttcacttctcttatttcagtgcatttgctctcttctgcatataaacaagatttttgaagtaggaatatcagagcatttggcaatcaaattacaacatatgaacattgacttggttggaaaggtatgcctccaagtaggggctattaattttcatcatcacttaaataatagaaatttggtacaatagtgttattgcacatccatgaaaccttattttataataatgctttctccacattcatgaaactttaatgttttcaggccaattcttccattacagaagagctggattatgtatcagatctggtcagttgcaacacaattgcatcttacttgaaatgaacaaggaaattcggatacattgttttgcctttaacttagggcttgttcactttgctaccattttcaaccttaccaagttttggcattgccaaattttggtaagatagcagtctaaacgtgtctcgaataacgtaccacattataccatgccaaaatttggtaattttctagaatcttcacatagctccacacaaaagaattggtaaggcgccaaacctctaccttaccattttttagcatttgccaaactttaccaaaattcggtaggatttattttgggatcaaagtgaacaggcctttagaatgtagtgtgatagatcattagatcattggatacaacaataccaacaatggaacttttgatttatgtagcctgtgttagaccatatagttttacttgactgcttgagcttattctcctgatagcttgatgagacaattgttagcagtgaattatacagatgcatgtgctcatctcctgggtttttatctctaacgatgcagcatactgcagtatggagattatcaccataaagtgtgggccttgactgtgtagtggactgatgcttgataatattaagagagcatgattatttgcaggtttattcttttgaagtattaagattaaaaatttggcagtgttatggaggtcctagatgtattcatactggtattggtagtgagctacacgtttccatgcaaatatgcacagtcccgctagagacctgttcccatattattagtttgtcagatgccatgtatgcagtttgccactttggtattgtcatcaatatcttcctgacttaaatggctatttctgcaactggcaactttttccaaggaatattgagcctatgggacttaatgctgataattccagaactttttcaccgtaaaggcgcatatttatctgggcttctgtggagctttacttagccctttttctttctcatatatgaggtcaatggttgtatacatctgttatccataggtagttggtgtgattgatgtgcaacggggtaaagaaaaaggctacgacacactggtgaaagacggattatgtgaggaggttggaccttgcacttctttctttatgccggagtcatgttctgttcttgaattacatttttaggttctcgttccatgtaattaagcatcactttaaaggtattgtgaggatttgggggggaggggggggcagacatcatcagtaccagcaactcctgtttaaagtaatatagattttgccattatcatcctcagatgttccagttgtagttctcaccatggtgctactttctgctgagtgtattcccttgttctcaaatgctgtttatctaccaatggttctacatatgaaattttcaaacctggttatggacttatagttcagttgttcacagggatctagtcatattggggagaccaggcgcaggtcatggtttggaatttgtacaatgcacatgttgggtgtgggagagtgggagggtggttgcatgctttcatcattatggttttcctagctgttcgtctataactaatatttagtgcttcgtattaactagtaaatttgaactgtttagaaaaatattcgccagattatgtttattttactgctattaaattattgaacttgtttggttcttcgaaatgtctacattttcctgttgctatgatcataattataaaggtttgtctaaatttatttctcttaatgaaaaatagttagacgaactgaggatggtctatgaagaattgcctgattttttggagcaggtaatgaatcttcagacccaaaaattaatttgaatcctttatttcataatttctaataacttagttgtttctaggtgtcagccaatgaaattgcctccttccctttctcatttgaatgcagaaaagctcctctaatcgtctatgtacaccaaataggtatctttttccctcatctgttgcattttcataccgcctttttcttattgtgctatttaatttgatattacctacctttctatatatgattttagcatggatgtagaaccaactatcatcactaccacctgaaatatactccctctgtttttttatttgacattgatagttgtcaagtaaaagaaaatagaggcaaaagctagttagaaatatgtagctgctaaataatgatggtaatgttcaacatgctctttttgagaaaaaaatcttgcatctgaacattcgtattcaccactatttatgtatttcatgcttgctgttcccaggatatttaatgtgttttttcgatgagaagataagtgatgccttgttgataggacttccagattttgaatttgcggtatgcgctgtcttatttttattttgggtttaagttttgagtatgtaataatttccctttttatcagttttctgaggaaggagaggagagaaggttctactatcatactcaaaagacgagagaacttgacaatcttctgggcgatatttaccataaaattcttggtagtttcattcattgatttgtttacttctttttttttctgtcttgctgatgatgaagacaaaaccatcctaatttcttcgaatgaatgttgtgtgaactttcttttttgggggtagttttagggtattttaacagtttaccttcaatgttacagtccgtgaataaaaaggcagctagtactttacctacaaacagatcctgtcatactccagttacacccaaaatgttaattgcaaaaggatttttagaattactcctatactccagtaatcaccatattttccataacttggtgtactttaagaggtagattgtacagtttttatcaaagtttagttggcttttttcttctgtgctctatggactgcttcagtttggttgcataagcccgttggtatgtcatcaatctcaaatgaccttccgatgatattaatgcttcatgaaatattagttacttgtccaaaatcataatgtagaatttcttagaaaacactcccaagtatttattatcactatagatgcaatggattttttttactctaatggggtcatattgatacagacatggagagagcaattataagggatttagtgtgtcgtgtttgccagtttatacctcaactgacgaaagcagtaaactttgcagcagaacttgattggtatgcgtgcaattattgtgcatatagtggtattgttcaacttagttacttcatgcttatctaatgtgttcttattattaccgttacaccagcatattatcgttggcaattgttgctcgccaaaacaattatgtgaggcccatcttaactgaggattccatacttgagatacagaatggcaggttagtatttatccacagtatactctcatgttacatctttgatgggtattactaacagtgtatggtttagatatttttatccaaaagttcgtaaacttactccagaatcaattttagacatgctttgcaggaaatgactgttgataccttcgttccaaatgacactaaaatccgcagttcaggtaattagttctcgtgaaatgtataccaacaagtttacactgtaatagttttgaactttctgacttaatactatttttatactaggacgaatcaacataataactggacctaactactcagggaaaagcatttacatcaagcaggtaattttgatattgtgtatatttcctactgaagcataaaccagtgaattgcacgacaacgatctaactatgttggacatttgccttcaaggtggctttggtggtttttcttgctcatattggaagctttgttcctgctgattctgccattgttggattgacagataggtctgtctatcacttaaaagcacaccgtctatatgtcgcatatggcctatgctacaaactagaaactaggaaacaattgatgtgttaatattctttgaccagatgccaataatgtatcgacttgttgagtatgctgaacaatgaattagaatcaaacattatctgttattaatacataatagataatactagactaacacatggcatccttgacattgcaaataatgctttgcaggattttctgtgcaatgggcagcaaatccatgacaagtgaacagtcaacttttatgattgatttacatcaagttggaacaatgctcaggtaagagttaacacggtaatctcaacctaaggttttgttgcctcatgatattgaacatgcagctaagtattgcaggcacgcaacatcgagatccctatgcttattggatgaattcggaaaaggcactctaacagaaggcaagagtacataaaattttaaattcgctgccttcccccttctaaatccatcaccactgtaacagttggggcttttcttttctgatcctttctagatggtattggtctgcttggaggaactatcagccattttacagactacgattgtcctccaaaggtgctagcttggaaaaatgttgctactgagcatgaatgtgctatttttctccatacttcaataaaaataatacgcagttctcctgcatattctcgaaaaagaagtataaatgtaaatgtgctagggttgcctgcctgattcatacgttattaaaccttttcgtggagactactattatttaaactcaagcggatatgtatacatccaagtattgcttgactagtatattataattagttaagactataggtttattgaaatcatactaaatcacttaggctatgttactcacctcccgcgcacgcaaaatggagcgacacattttcttatgattaattaagtatttattaatttttcttgaaaaatggattaatatgattttctaaagcaactttcgtataaaaactttttgcaaaaaaacgcacccgtgcgcgcggaacacgagggaggtgagttgggaaaggtgggggaataacacagccttaatacccttaaatggttattttgctccatacttctacaaataacaatcaacttgacattaccttctccaaacatgagggaatgtggttttacttccaacctgcatcatatatgaaaaaatccttgtgatgatattatgttttattgagtaaaagcaacagttattggctcattgctcttctacatctcataaatagcttactcaaacttggatatgcaataagccacttctattcaataatgctacaagaaccgacaatttgcagttttaacatttaccagtgtattatgttgggatatggtactcttgcaggtccttttgtcaacacatctgacacagattttcacagaaagctacctgccgcaggtagcaaatatctagttattactgtgtaaaagcaatttattttattttttgttggatccttttttaccctgttcataaaaaaattttgacatggaaatttgcagtctgaacatatcaaatgttataccatgagtgttctgaatcctgatgaacaaacagacaacgaagatgtcatattcctttatcggtaagtggatatggaagctgctatgtatttctcatacccattatgtcatgttttgtactaatttctatcttaaattctaatgcaaacgttgaagacttgtacctgggcaagcgctcttgagctttggtaagcttatgcactacatttatacacatgtactccatcttttcaagtcaaatgcaactaaaattgatcttctcgcaggactacactgtgcacagcttgctggtatgttcagaacaaactgcggtcagctggcattatgataacagcgataagttactccgattctttccaaggcagacataaactgctgaaatatcatgttgatatagttactgtcattataattcagtaattgacatgttatgcagtaagagtagcatcatttttactaaaagttccttctgtaacatggaacgtggatggttctaggagatatatatagtgaaactagatggcatattactccagattgtccacacgaataggatcatcatgtttccaactcttttacaggtgttccgagtgaagttgttcagagagctgttactgttttgggggacatccactcaaagagacctataaggcgcatggtctgggagaagttagcagcaaaggaccaacaataccaggttattatccgctggttttaaatgcaatataggcacgcgaatctgaaagtgatctattctttgtgtgaataatttcaggatgcagtgactaaactgttggccttcgacccacacaaaggtgatctggtcaacttcttccaggaagtttttccgtcctagctgtagaccaggctgcatggaacctacaaaacaaatgatgtaaaagagttgcttaaaacatggaattggcagatcatacgcgacctgctccaggaacctacaaaacaaatgctgaacctcacttgatcagtggcgttgggacattgtgtacatatttgcttggcaatgagaaatcaaattttgcgtcttttctgtttggatgagacttgtcatcgccattaaacgaatattctgtagtttcgt&amp;lt;/dnaseqindica&amp;gt;|&lt;br /&gt;
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001062483.1 RefSeq:Os05g0498300]|&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 5]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chromosome 5]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lujia09</name></author>	</entry>

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