http://192.168.164.12:81/ricewiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Mtfgibh 2026-05-24T20:37:46Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.30.0 https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173635 2014-05-28T11:35:56Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* GS2 impact nitrogen metabolism */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> The expression profile data of the GS2 gene for an elite hybrid rice parent, Minghui 63 (indica), was extracted from the CREP database (http://crep.ncpgr.cn); the expression pattern of the GS2 gene in different tissues was then manually analyzed.<br /> The expression profile of the GS2 gene extracted from the CREP database indicates higher expression at the vegetative stage, mainly in seedlings followed by the flag leaf, but very little expression was found in reproductive organs, such as the stamen, and at the endosperm stages.[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Gene silencing of GS2 in oilseed rape plants reduced the amount of GS2 protein by 35%, but no difference was found in biomass production, or leaf shape, size and color compared with the wild type [13]. In another case, GS2 mutants in barley were unable to reassimilate photorespiratory NH4+ and died when grown in normal air; however, they could survive if photorespiration was suppressed by 1% (V/V) carbon dioxide (CO2) or if they were supplemented with glutamine [14,15].<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ===GS2 impact nitrogen metabolism===<br /> <br /> Study shows that the reaction of GS and GOGAT is the main route of ammonia assimilation in higher plants under normal conditions. This is Nitrogen Metabolism flowchart by glutamine and glutamate in Plants[16][17].[[File:333.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Research shown that it have a 36% to 72% decrease in the concentration of NH4+ in GS2 co-suppressed plant leaves was observed[18]. This result contrasts with the results of Husted et al. [19] in GS2- silenced oilseed rape plants, which exhibited 83% reduced GS2 activity but similar tissue concentrations of NH4+.[[File:444.jpg]][[File:555.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> [12] Jacek B, Andrzej B L. Evolution of the glutamine synthetase gene in plants[J].Plant Science,1997,28:51-58.<br /> <br /> [13] Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cook J H, et al. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd ed. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1976<br /> <br /> [14] Arnon D I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol, 1949, 24: 1–15<br /> <br /> [15] Melo P M, Lima L M, Santos I M, et al. Expression of the plastid-located glutamine synthetase of Medicago truncatula. Accumulation of the precursor in root nodules reveals an in vivo control at the level of protein import into plastids. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 390–399<br /> <br /> [16] 汪沛洪.植物生物化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1993:218.<br /> <br /> [17] 王学奎.氮钙光对小麦谷氨酰胺合成酶和氮同化的影响[D].湖北:华中农业大学,2000:9-13.<br /> <br /> [18] Cai H M, Xiao J H, Zhang Q F, et al. Co-suppressed glutamine synthetase2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism and plant growth in rice. Chinese Sci Bull,2010,<br /> <br /> [19] Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cook J H, et al. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd ed. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1976<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:555.jpg&diff=173634 2014-05-28T11:35:29Z

<p>Mtfgibh: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:444.jpg&diff=173632 2014-05-28T11:35:08Z

<p>Mtfgibh: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173630 2014-05-28T11:32:14Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> The expression profile data of the GS2 gene for an elite hybrid rice parent, Minghui 63 (indica), was extracted from the CREP database (http://crep.ncpgr.cn); the expression pattern of the GS2 gene in different tissues was then manually analyzed.<br /> The expression profile of the GS2 gene extracted from the CREP database indicates higher expression at the vegetative stage, mainly in seedlings followed by the flag leaf, but very little expression was found in reproductive organs, such as the stamen, and at the endosperm stages.[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Gene silencing of GS2 in oilseed rape plants reduced the amount of GS2 protein by 35%, but no difference was found in biomass production, or leaf shape, size and color compared with the wild type [13]. In another case, GS2 mutants in barley were unable to reassimilate photorespiratory NH4+ and died when grown in normal air; however, they could survive if photorespiration was suppressed by 1% (V/V) carbon dioxide (CO2) or if they were supplemented with glutamine [14,15].<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ===GS2 impact nitrogen metabolism===<br /> <br /> Study shows that the reaction of GS and GOGAT is the main route of ammonia assimilation in higher plants under normal conditions. This is Nitrogen Metabolism flowchart by glutamine and glutamate in Plants[16][17].[[File:333.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Research shown that it have a 36% to 72% decrease in the concentration of NH4+ in GS2 co-suppressed plant leaves was observed[18]. This result contrasts with the results of Husted et al. [19] in GS2- silenced oilseed rape plants, which exhibited 83% reduced GS2 activity but similar tissue concentrations of NH4+.<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> [12] Jacek B, Andrzej B L. Evolution of the glutamine synthetase gene in plants[J].Plant Science,1997,28:51-58.<br /> <br /> [13] Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cook J H, et al. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd ed. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1976<br /> <br /> [14] Arnon D I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol, 1949, 24: 1–15<br /> <br /> [15] Melo P M, Lima L M, Santos I M, et al. Expression of the plastid-located glutamine synthetase of Medicago truncatula. Accumulation of the precursor in root nodules reveals an in vivo control at the level of protein import into plastids. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 390–399<br /> <br /> [16] 汪沛洪.植物生物化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1993:218.<br /> <br /> [17] 王学奎.氮钙光对小麦谷氨酰胺合成酶和氮同化的影响[D].湖北:华中农业大学,2000:9-13.<br /> <br /> [18] Cai H M, Xiao J H, Zhang Q F, et al. Co-suppressed glutamine synthetase2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism and plant growth in rice. Chinese Sci Bull,2010,<br /> <br /> [19] Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cook J H, et al. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd ed. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1976<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173627 2014-05-28T11:29:53Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* GS2 impact nitrogen metabolism */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> The expression profile data of the GS2 gene for an elite hybrid rice parent, Minghui 63 (indica), was extracted from the CREP database (http://crep.ncpgr.cn); the expression pattern of the GS2 gene in different tissues was then manually analyzed.<br /> The expression profile of the GS2 gene extracted from the CREP database indicates higher expression at the vegetative stage, mainly in seedlings followed by the flag leaf, but very little expression was found in reproductive organs, such as the stamen, and at the endosperm stages.[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Gene silencing of GS2 in oilseed rape plants reduced the amount of GS2 protein by 35%, but no difference was found in biomass production, or leaf shape, size and color compared with the wild type [13]. In another case, GS2 mutants in barley were unable to reassimilate photorespiratory NH4+ and died when grown in normal air; however, they could survive if photorespiration was suppressed by 1% (V/V) carbon dioxide (CO2) or if they were supplemented with glutamine [14,15].<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ===GS2 impact nitrogen metabolism===<br /> <br /> Study shows that the reaction of GS and GOGAT is the main route of ammonia assimilation in higher plants under normal conditions. This is Nitrogen Metabolism flowchart by glutamine and glutamate in Plants[16][17].[[File:333.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Research shown that it have a 36% to 72% decrease in the concentration of NH4+ in GS2 co-suppressed plant leaves was observed[18]. This result contrasts with the results of Husted et al. [19] in GS2- silenced oilseed rape plants, which exhibited 83% reduced GS2 activity but similar tissue concentrations of NH4+.<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> [12] Jacek B, Andrzej B L. Evolution of the glutamine synthetase gene in plants[J].Plant Science,1997,28:51-58.<br /> <br /> [13] Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cook J H, et al. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd ed. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1976<br /> <br /> [14] Arnon D I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol, 1949, 24: 1–15<br /> <br /> [15] Melo P M, Lima L M, Santos I M, et al. Expression of the plastid-located glutamine synthetase of Medicago truncatula. Accumulation of the precursor in root nodules reveals an in vivo control at the level of protein import into plastids. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 390–399<br /> <br /> [16] 汪沛洪.植物生物化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1993:218.<br /> <br /> [17] 王学奎.氮钙光对小麦谷氨酰胺合成酶和氮同化的影响[D].湖北:华中农业大学,2000:9-13.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173619 2014-05-28T11:19:50Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Expression */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> The expression profile data of the GS2 gene for an elite hybrid rice parent, Minghui 63 (indica), was extracted from the CREP database (http://crep.ncpgr.cn); the expression pattern of the GS2 gene in different tissues was then manually analyzed.<br /> The expression profile of the GS2 gene extracted from the CREP database indicates higher expression at the vegetative stage, mainly in seedlings followed by the flag leaf, but very little expression was found in reproductive organs, such as the stamen, and at the endosperm stages.[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Gene silencing of GS2 in oilseed rape plants reduced the amount of GS2 protein by 35%, but no difference was found in biomass production, or leaf shape, size and color compared with the wild type [13]. In another case, GS2 mutants in barley were unable to reassimilate photorespiratory NH4+ and died when grown in normal air; however, they could survive if photorespiration was suppressed by 1% (V/V) carbon dioxide (CO2) or if they were supplemented with glutamine [14,15].<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ===GS2 impact nitrogen metabolism===<br /> <br /> Study shows that the reaction of GS and GOGAT is the main route of ammonia assimilation in higher plants under normal conditions. This is Nitrogen Metabolism flowchart by glutamine and glutamate in Plants[16][17].[[File:333.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> [12] Jacek B, Andrzej B L. Evolution of the glutamine synthetase gene in plants[J].Plant Science,1997,28:51-58.<br /> <br /> [13] Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cook J H, et al. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd ed. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1976<br /> <br /> [14] Arnon D I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol, 1949, 24: 1–15<br /> <br /> [15] Melo P M, Lima L M, Santos I M, et al. Expression of the plastid-located glutamine synthetase of Medicago truncatula. Accumulation of the precursor in root nodules reveals an in vivo control at the level of protein import into plastids. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 390–399<br /> <br /> [16] 汪沛洪.植物生物化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1993:218.<br /> <br /> [17] 王学奎.氮钙光对小麦谷氨酰胺合成酶和氮同化的影响[D].湖北:华中农业大学,2000:9-13.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173615 2014-05-28T11:13:12Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Gene silencing of GS2 in oilseed rape plants reduced the amount of GS2 protein by 35%, but no difference was found in biomass production, or leaf shape, size and color compared with the wild type [13]. In another case, GS2 mutants in barley were unable to reassimilate photorespiratory NH4+ and died when grown in normal air; however, they could survive if photorespiration was suppressed by 1% (V/V) carbon dioxide (CO2) or if they were supplemented with glutamine [14,15].<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ===GS2 impact nitrogen metabolism===<br /> <br /> Study shows that the reaction of GS and GOGAT is the main route of ammonia assimilation in higher plants under normal conditions. This is Nitrogen Metabolism flowchart by glutamine and glutamate in Plants[16][17].[[File:333.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> [12] Jacek B, Andrzej B L. Evolution of the glutamine synthetase gene in plants[J].Plant Science,1997,28:51-58.<br /> <br /> [13] Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cook J H, et al. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd ed. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1976<br /> <br /> [14] Arnon D I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol, 1949, 24: 1–15<br /> <br /> [15] Melo P M, Lima L M, Santos I M, et al. Expression of the plastid-located glutamine synthetase of Medicago truncatula. Accumulation of the precursor in root nodules reveals an in vivo control at the level of protein import into plastids. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 390–399<br /> <br /> [16] 汪沛洪.植物生物化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1993:218.<br /> <br /> [17] 王学奎.氮钙光对小麦谷氨酰胺合成酶和氮同化的影响[D].湖北:华中农业大学,2000:9-13.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173614 2014-05-28T11:11:07Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* GS2 impact nitrogen metabolism */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Gene silencing of GS2 in oilseed rape plants reduced the amount of GS2 protein by 35%, but no difference was found in biomass production, or leaf shape, size and color compared with the wild type [13]. In another case, GS2 mutants in barley were unable to reassimilate photorespiratory NH4+ and died when grown in normal air; however, they could survive if photorespiration was suppressed by 1% (V/V) carbon dioxide (CO2) or if they were supplemented with glutamine [14,15].<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ===GS2 impact nitrogen metabolism===<br /> <br /> Study shows that the reaction of GS and GOGAT is the main route of ammonia assimilation in higher plants under normal conditions. This is Nitrogen Metabolism flowchart by glutamine and glutamate in Plants[16][17].[[File:333.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> [12] Jacek B, Andrzej B L. Evolution of the glutamine synthetase gene in plants[J].Plant Science,1997,28:51-58.<br /> <br /> [13] Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cook J H, et al. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd ed. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1976<br /> <br /> [14] Arnon D I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol, 1949, 24: 1–15<br /> <br /> [15] Melo P M, Lima L M, Santos I M, et al. Expression of the plastid-located glutamine synthetase of Medicago truncatula. Accumulation of the precursor in root nodules reveals an in vivo control at the level of protein import into plastids. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 390–399<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:333.jpg&diff=173612 2014-05-28T11:10:05Z

<p>Mtfgibh: uploaded a new version of &amp;quot;File:333.jpg&amp;quot;</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173608 2014-05-28T11:00:55Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Annotated Information */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Gene silencing of GS2 in oilseed rape plants reduced the amount of GS2 protein by 35%, but no difference was found in biomass production, or leaf shape, size and color compared with the wild type [13]. In another case, GS2 mutants in barley were unable to reassimilate photorespiratory NH4+ and died when grown in normal air; however, they could survive if photorespiration was suppressed by 1% (V/V) carbon dioxide (CO2) or if they were supplemented with glutamine [14,15].<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ===GS2 impact nitrogen metabolism===<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> [12] Jacek B, Andrzej B L. Evolution of the glutamine synthetase gene in plants[J].Plant Science,1997,28:51-58.<br /> <br /> [13] Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cook J H, et al. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd ed. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1976<br /> <br /> [14] Arnon D I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol, 1949, 24: 1–15<br /> <br /> [15] Melo P M, Lima L M, Santos I M, et al. Expression of the plastid-located glutamine synthetase of Medicago truncatula. Accumulation of the precursor in root nodules reveals an in vivo control at the level of protein import into plastids. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 390–399<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173606 2014-05-28T10:57:09Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Gene silencing of GS2 in oilseed rape plants reduced the amount of GS2 protein by 35%, but no difference was found in biomass production, or leaf shape, size and color compared with the wild type [13]. In another case, GS2 mutants in barley were unable to reassimilate photorespiratory NH4+ and died when grown in normal air; however, they could survive if photorespiration was suppressed by 1% (V/V) carbon dioxide (CO2) or if they were supplemented with glutamine [14,15].<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> [12] Jacek B, Andrzej B L. Evolution of the glutamine synthetase gene in plants[J].Plant Science,1997,28:51-58.<br /> <br /> [13] Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cook J H, et al. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd ed. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1976<br /> <br /> [14] Arnon D I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol, 1949, 24: 1–15<br /> <br /> [15] Melo P M, Lima L M, Santos I M, et al. Expression of the plastid-located glutamine synthetase of Medicago truncatula. Accumulation of the precursor in root nodules reveals an in vivo control at the level of protein import into plastids. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 390–399<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173604 2014-05-28T10:54:13Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Expression */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Gene silencing of GS2 in oilseed rape plants reduced the amount of GS2 protein by 35%, but no difference was found in biomass production, or leaf shape, size and color compared with the wild type [13]. In another case, GS2 mutants in barley were unable to reassimilate photorespiratory NH4+ and died when grown in normal air; however, they could survive if photorespiration was suppressed by 1% (V/V) carbon dioxide (CO2) or if they were supplemented with glutamine [14,15].<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> [12] Jacek B, Andrzej B L. Evolution of the glutamine synthetase gene in plants[J].Plant Science,1997,28:51-58.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173600 2014-05-28T10:40:42Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> [12] Jacek B, Andrzej B L. Evolution of the glutamine synthetase gene in plants[J].Plant Science,1997,28:51-58.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173599 2014-05-28T10:39:17Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Evolution */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Jacek and Andrej investigated GS genes evolutionary by using MP, UPGMA, NJ,ML methods to construct molecular evolutionary tree. GS molecular evolution study helps to further clarify the plant evolution Molecular basis, explore GS genetic origin mechanism, Research on the relationship between GS and its gene sequence and function from the perspective of genetic evolution[12].<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173596 2014-05-28T10:23:40Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> [10] Qirong Shen,Xiaorong Fan. characteristics of flag leaf senescence and senescence-asscioated genes expression pattern among three rice cultivars with different nitrogen.<br /> <br /> [11] Cai H M,Xiao J H,Zhang Q F,et al. Co-suppressed gintaminc synthetas2 gene modifies nitrogen metabolism plant growth in rice.Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173594 2014-05-28T10:15:27Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Expression */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression[10].[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression[11].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173593 2014-05-28T10:12:58Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Expression */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression[10].[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173592 2014-05-28T10:09:38Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression.[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> [8] Kozaki A,Tabeka G. Photorespiration protects C5 plants from photooxidation.Nature, 1996,384:557-560<br /> <br /> [9] Hoshida H,Tanka Y,HibinoT,et al.Bnhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Physiol,2002,130:989-998<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173591 2014-05-28T10:03:28Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Function */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8][9].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression.[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173590 2014-05-28T10:02:02Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Function */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa[6]. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast[7]. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype[8].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression.[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173589 2014-05-28T10:00:04Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype.<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression.[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> [4] Ireland RJ, Lea PJ (1999) The enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspirate metabolism. In: Singh BK (ed) Plant amino acids: biochemistry and biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 49–109<br /> <br /> [5] Lancien M, Gadal P, Hodges M (2000) Enzyme redundancy and the importance of 2-oxoglutarate in higher plant ammonium assimilation. Plant Physiol 123:817–824<br /> <br /> [6] Gallardo F, Fu J, Canton FR, Garcia-Gutierez A, Canovas FM, Kirby EG (1999) Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210:19–26<br /> <br /> [7] Wallsgrove RM, Turner JC, Hall NP, Kendall AC, Bright SWJ (1987) Barley mutants lacking chloroplast glutamine synthetase-biochemical and genetic analysis. Plant Physiol 83:155–158<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173585 2014-05-28T09:54:29Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Function */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2[4][5]. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype.<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression.[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173584 2014-05-28T09:45:10Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Labs working on this gene */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype.<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression.[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> 7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china<br /> <br /> 8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<br /> <br /> 9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china<br /> <br /> 10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173583 2014-05-28T09:21:20Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Expression */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype.<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression.[[File:222.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:222.jpg&diff=173582 2014-05-28T09:19:07Z

<p>Mtfgibh: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173579 2014-05-28T09:14:51Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Expression */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype.<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression.<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173571 2014-05-28T08:59:30Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Function */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].[[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype.<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173555 2014-05-28T08:31:46Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Annotated Information */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].<br /> <br /> [[File:Example.jpg]]<br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173550 2014-05-28T08:25:08Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Expression */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].<br /> <br /> [[File:Example.jpg]]===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.[[File:000.jpg]][[File:111.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:111.jpg&diff=173549 2014-05-28T08:24:09Z

<p>Mtfgibh: uploaded a new version of &amp;quot;File:111.jpg&amp;quot;</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=File:000.jpg&diff=173548 2014-05-28T08:23:45Z

<p>Mtfgibh: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173540 2014-05-28T08:12:42Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Expression */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the farming and Yang rice. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the filling stage, the highest expression of Yang rice, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

Mtfgibh https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os04g0659100&diff=173539 2014-05-28T08:11:12Z

<p>Mtfgibh: /* Expression */</p> <hr /> <div>Please input one-sentence summary here.<br /> <br /> ==Annotated Information==<br /> ===Function===<br /> OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].<br /> <br /> ===Expression===<br /> In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].<br /> <br /> <br /> Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the farming and Yang rice. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the filling stage, the highest expression of Yang rice, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.<br /> <br /> ===Evolution===<br /> Please input evolution information here.<br /> <br /> You can also add sub-section(s) at will.<br /> <br /> We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].<br /> <br /> [[File:The phylogenetic tree of GS2 gene in different plants.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Labs working on this gene==<br /> 1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea<br /> <br /> 2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea<br /> <br /> 3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea<br /> <br /> 5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China<br /> <br /> 6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.<br /> <br /> [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.<br /> <br /> [3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.<br /> <br /> ==Structured Information==<br /> {{JaponicaGene|<br /> GeneName = Os04g0659100|<br /> Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|<br /> Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|<br /> Length = 6598 bp|<br /> Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|<br /> Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> <br /> ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group<br /> Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;<br /> Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP<br /> clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.<br /> |<br /> Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|<br /> AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|<br /> CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026&lt;br&gt;,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108&lt;br&gt;,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386&lt;br&gt;|<br /> GCID = &lt;gbrowseImage1&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage1&gt;|<br /> GSID = &lt;gbrowseImage2&gt;<br /> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554<br /> source=RiceChromosome04<br /> preset=GeneLocation<br /> &lt;/gbrowseImage2&gt;|<br /> CDNA = &lt;cdnaseq&gt;atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga&lt;/cdnaseq&gt;|<br /> AA = &lt;aaseq&gt;MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV&lt;/aaseq&gt;|<br /> DNA = &lt;dnaseqindica&gt;6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct&lt;/dnaseqindica&gt;|<br /> Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]<br /> [[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Genes]]<br /> [[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]<br /> [[Category:Chromosome 4]]</div>

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