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Os10g0404500

2014-06-07T15:34:52Z

Wyl0202: /* Expression */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Sucrose Transporter Gene==
===Function===
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate the active transport of sucrose across plasma membrane barriers in a process that is coupled to proton symport. Since sucrose is the major carbohydrate translocated through the phloem in most plant species, the sucrose/H+ symporters are thought to play important roles in mediating carbon partitioning in plants, for example apoplastic phloem loading in leaves, transport of sucrose into and/or out of temporary storage sinks such as stem tissue and post-phloem transport of sucrose into sink tissue such as seeds.

The rice has five families of sucrose transporters. Despite of the previously reported OsSUT1, four putative sucrose transporter are known as OsSUT2, 3, 4 and 5. OsSUT1 encodes a functional SUT protein that is essential for transport of assimilate into filling rice grains. It has also been proposed that OsSUT1 is involved in transport of assimilate remobilised from starch reserves in leaf sheaths and in germinating seeds. Expression of OsSUT3, 4 and 5 in sink rice leaf suggests that they may be important for supplying sucrose, as a carbon source for growing tissues or possibly to supply sucrose to temporary storage tissues.Unlike the other four OsSUT genes, OsSUT2 seems to be expressed at almost equal levels in various tissues of rice plants.

The five families of sucrose transporters involve in the rice resistance to intermittent drought and secondary soil salinity.

OsSUT1 is the major salt responsive gene of the family of 5 OsSUT-genes，The function of the rice OsSUT1-gene in carbon partitioning, specifically for grain filling and seed germination and early seedling growth.OsSUT1 plays in the transport of assimilate along the entire long-distance pathway, from the flag leaf blade to the base of the filling grain.

OsSUT2 is involved in Suc transport across the tonoplast from the vacuole lumen to the cytosol in rice, playing an essential role in sugar export from the source leaves to sink organs.

===Expression===
The five families all contained a region that is highly conserved in known functional plant SUT genes, including OsSUT1. This domain includes the first membrane spanning helix, the following extracellular loop, the second membrane spanning helix and the next cytoplasmic loop have shown, by site-directed mutagenesis of the ''Arabidopsis'' AtSUC1 protein, that a conserved histidine residue in the extracellular loop is responsible for sucrose binding in the transport process. This histidine residue was also found to be present in all of the putative OsSUT peptides(reference <ref name="ref1" /> ).
.
[[File:SUT_1.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" The functionally important and conserved histidine residue is shown in bold. Dots indicate non-conserved amino acids, and horizontal bars indicate gaps in the sequence alignments(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

OsSUT1 mRNA accumulated to high levels in germinating seeds, source leaf sheaths and panicles, but to very low level in roots. OsSUT2 mRNA accumulated to nearly equal levels in all tissues tested. The expression patterns of OsSUT3 and 5 were found to be similar, the expression level is at its highest in sink leaves and the lowest in germinating seeds. OsSUT4 showed preferential expression in sink leaves(reference <ref name="ref3" /> and reference <ref name="ref4" />).
[[File:SUT_2.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" Analysis of expression of the five OsSUT genes, by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. For each gene, transcript levels in different tissue samples are comparable(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

The gene expression are different when the plants encounter such environmental obstacles, although the five families involved in the sucrose transporters and sucrose transport, they expressed differently in different tissues.OsSUT1 expression appeared to be non-essential for vegetative growth.
[[File:1-s2.0-S0168945211000185-gr4.jpg|''Performance of OsSUT1 anti-sense lines in response to increasing salt concentrations.'']]
Expression of OsSUT2-green fluorescent protein in rice revealed that OsSUT2 localizes to the tonoplast. Analysis of the OsSUT2 promoter::β-glucuronidase transgenic rice indicated that this gene is highly expressed in leaf mesophyll cells, emerging lateral roots, pedicels of fertilized spikelets, and cross cell layers of seed coats. Results of Suc transport assays in yeast were consistent with a H+-Suc symport mechanism, suggesting that OsSUT2 functions in Suc uptake from the vacuole.The ossut2 mutant exhibited a growth retardation phenotype with a significant reduction in tiller number, plant height, 1,000-grain weight, and root dry weight compared with the controls, the wild type, and complemented transgenic lines. Analysis of primary carbon metabolites revealed that ossut2 accumulated more Suc, glucose, and fructose in the leaves than the controls. Further sugar export analysis of detached leaves indicated that ossut2 had a significantly decreased sugar export ability compared with the controls.

===Evolution===
We can express the ''OsSUT'' gene in yeast to test whether it's functional. Choose the yeast strain which is unable to hydrolyse exogenous sucrose but if transformed with a functional SUT, can import sucrose and hydrolyse it internally , allowing it to grow on media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source.
[[File: SUT_3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Test function in yeast(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

There is also a novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporter activity based on the ability of type I SUTs to transport the highly fluorescent molecule esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin β-D-glucoside). Using fluorescence microscopy, we can do the research conveniently.
[[File: SUT_5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Esculin uptake by yeast cells expressing StSUT1 was detected using FACS.(from reference <ref name="ref5" />).. "]]

==Labs working on this gene==
*Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
*CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
*Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Natl Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
*Natl Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rice Res, Niigata 9430193, Japan
*National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Peoples R China
*Department of Rice Research, National Agricultural Research Center, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0193 Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">Lu J M-Y. and Bush D R.(1998) His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. Proc Natl Acad 95: 9025–9030.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Aoki N, Hirose T, Scofield G N, et al.(2003）The Sucrose Transporter Gene Family in Rice. Plant and Cell Physiology 44:223-232.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">Furbank R T, Scofield G N, Hirose T, et al. (2001) Cellular localisation and function of a sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in developing rice grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol 28: 1187–1196.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">Hirose T, Imaizumi N, Scofield G N, et al. (1997) cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 38: 1389–1396.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">Gora P J, Reinders A, Ward J M, et al.(2012)A novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporters. Plant Methods 8:13.</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0404500|
Description = Sucrose transporter|
Version = NM_001071090.1 GI:115481923 GeneID:4348577|
Length = 6221 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0404500, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:14136198..14142418|
CDS = 14136282..14136437,14138096..14138161,14138312..14138410,14139725..14139789,14139915..14139999 ,14140094..14140127,14140244..14140343,14140516..14140591,14140790..14141113 ,14141795..14142310|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaaggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcgatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MAVDMELDGGGDGKGKAPPQISLSGLFLACMVAGGVQYGWALQL SLLTPYVQTLGIPHALTSVMWLCGPIAGLIVQPCVGLYSDKCTSSLGRRRPFILTGCI IICISVIVIGFSSDIGYALGDTTEDCKVYRGPRYHAAAAFILGFWLLDFSNNTVQGPA RALMADLSGRHGPSAANAIFCSWMALGNILGYSSGSTNDWHKWFPFLMTRACCEACAN LKAAFLVAVVFLGLSTAVTMVFAREVALDPVAAAKRNEGEASGLLAVFKGMKNLPVGM PSVLIVTGLTWLSWFPFILFDTDWMGREIYHGRPDGSPAEVTAFQEGVRQGAFGLLLN SIVLGISSFLIEPMCRRLGARAVWVMSSAVVCVAMAAVSVLSAWSLGDFGGSVQDAAR APAEEGGVRASALALFVFLGLPFAVLCSVPFAVTAQLAASRGGGQGLCTGVLNISIVV PQMAIALGAGPWDELFGEGNIPAFAMASVFAAAAAAAGVVLLPKVSVRSVSMAGGH</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>85..240#1899..1964#2115..2213#3528..3592#3718..3802#3897..3930#4047..4146#4319..4394#4593..4916#5598..6113#cttcgatctcttgggatataactagcttagctatagctctagctaaataggttcgtacgtataggatatttgatccattgatcgatggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcaggtatgtgtttaaggcgttttggcctttttcattttcgtctatattcattagcatctatatgaatttgaacacacacacacacacacatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatggattcacgtatgaatctattcaaaacccaaactgtcttaactaataatatggaacagagaacatagtactacttagttgttgtgattgtatatatgtactatacttttcttgtctccaagagggagatttttttttctattgtcttttaactctttattgatgtgaaggtgtaatttgtttgtgtggaaatatttggaggaattccaaatagtattgggaatatcagatttcctcttatgctgcctgtttgctatggctaatcttgatctaactcccacctcaaaaaaaaaacatgtagcttaacatctagctttcatattagcatcctcccaattaagctggttttagctatagcctattttatggtgtttttactcattatgttcctttggaaagcaacaatataattgttttcctcattcttgtagagttgaattaattcctgtgaaaatctgaaaaaaattgtgtgtacaattccagcatttctaaacaaaagcttgaacatttgctaatatacagttttcaaaagaaaaattttggaactggatttcacgattcatttttccaaggcacttgtcctgcaaaaagttctatagctgtaatatgggcaattccttgagtaataagtcatttatttcaccgcaagttcttgcgtagttgtggtgtaggtcagattgtttttatccatgaacttattacttctgtaaattaatttggtatatattgttaagttcagctatatcctggtaatagaaaatgaatgtttttattagtaaaagttttttttataaaatgaaatgaattcatttctatgtttaggagtaaagcattgtctagcacagcaagggactgtaactaaaaatggtatgtgagttgtttcatttttgttctaactgaaccatggcaccatataacaaagtattaatcttgaataaagtcaccagatgttattttttggtcaaaataaaaaggcattttccatatatttacaatcatactaccaaattaaaattatactccctccggtttttaatgtaccacgtcattaacttttagacatatgtttgaactttttgtgttattaaaaaaataatgcaaatacgtacatattatcaagattgcggtagattcagatcaattttcttgtgtggcttgttttggcctaggagtacacggactaaccaagttattgtatcaaaatgaacaacctacaagttgttgtatctatttgcacccaccacgcaagttcatgtaccatgagcacaatttactccttatattatctttaatataaaacaaatcaaaacaaaataaatatttattacataattcttttaataagacaaatgatcaaacatcgtccaaaagtcaacagcgtcgtacatgcatggaaaacctgagggagtacccttgttgtgctttgataaaatccagcatgaactaattactaatttctcttcatatatgtgcatggcttaattcattcactaacttcatttcactatcactttgtttggaacagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgtaagtagtgccctatctatggcgatgtcatatatcattccctggtcttaaaaaaagaaaactcacaaaattatatcaagatttatgatttcagaaacatgatccctcaaagtacgttttctcctcacgtttgtgcctttcatcctgcaggttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgagaaaaacccaattatcatccaactactctcttcgtttcatattataaatcgtttaaacttttttttaagttaaacttgttttaaaaaattttgatcatcaaatgtatataaaaatatagtaatatttatagcaccaatttgcactacattcccagtgtcctgcaaccaaattgatagagagatattcgcggcagccacgaccatcaccctatgagatagaaagacggcgagtttctgcactcgcacaggcttgaaaacaagattcctaagacaatggcaccggccatctacgcatcttcaaggtgaaagaatcaaatagtttgcgaggccctctcctctaacactttgattcgtgacatctgactgctacaaatcacaacagtagatcacctaagtcagtatgtcgagctatggaccatgatccagagaataggccccttaggatactagagagacaccatcacttagaagtttacagcaaatggtgaatagtcggcaaaatcggcttatcagctacaattcctatgtgcagtaggaacggtgttcaatcaaacaatttggaaatgttaggcgcccctaaagtgcaaatttttcatatagttggtcatccaaaatagggtgtggacggctgataggctatagaagagaggttagcaaaaccaaagagtctgccccttctatagagtatcacaggaaacgacaatccatcttatcgcaaaatgcaggctctctataaggatttagacagccatacaacattgggcgagcatagacctcaaaatacaagattgggacgcttgcgcttcgatggaagaatggtggaagagggttcttcacacaccgcacatccccaaaggacctttaaaatccctgattatcctggtgggttgggagctctggtgtgagagaaacactaggatattccgccacgtggctaccaccctgacaaccatcatcgctaaaatcaaagaagaggggttggcctggatcaaagtgggatcaaagtgggagccgcaaaagctcgttgagttaacttcgttggaagaaccctatagtttctccttctgtgggctctttttttttatggcaggccctgtaaataactctttttttggttgtttgttttttctcctactctatcaatatatgcaaggtaaagctttcgtctttttttttaaaaaaaaagtgcactatatctaacaattcataaatttagttaaaactaaagtgacttaaaagttaaaaaaactaataatatgaaacggaggtaagtagttagttatttgattaactaattacatgactgacaggtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaagtaattaagctgctcgatcactgacagtgacagagcttgatgaattcgctgattaaatcattggtcgattagtaagcaaaatttcaggattcggactcgctaatcgagcgacttaatccatccagggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcaggtatgcagcctgaagaagaagaaagaaaactctcagctctgaatccatctgaaactctgaataatctgcaatgtgatatatgattctcgcgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtgagtcgtgagaagattaacaccagattttatacctgatttgatgacagattagttgtgttcttggttttggttttctgaattttgttgcttactgaacattggaatatattcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtcggtgatcgatcgctgatgactacagctgctctgaattttctcatcatcaaaatcatctatggaatgctaaatcagcagctttgatcagttcttgatgccaatttttttttctaagaaaaatgaacggaatgctatattcatagtggaattgcattgcatgtggccgcaggtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtaattattttatttaattaaaagctgcagcttttatacaactatagtaccttcaaaattgaaggtttttacgtgacatgtatttttttctattacacgaaagacgatgcgtaatgcatcatggaacacacattcaagacaagaccagcgacaaaatctctaaaattactaaatttgattttgatgtaatgtgcgcaggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcggtcagatcgagctatccatcaattacttgcctttttttctctccggtttaaaatatttgatgttaagaataatatttaaattattttttaaaaaataaaattgacctaaaacctaaagttttgaattgtgatagtgttaatacttttcgaggcaaatatgcacataaaagttttctttttctacttttttaactaacaatttgaaaaatgatttaactgtcaagttttcaaaatcctgatcaaatcttttccctgaacgtctattattttcttttacggagactgtatctactagctacttcattccacgttataataataagacgttatgatatcaccgttactcgtatagattcactatctttcatatgaatctaaacacatatataatacacacgaattaatctatacgttaatctttactacttaaaacaatgaagatgtttcttcgtccatccaaataaaaaaaaagcaaaaaaaaacataaaatgaaaggggaggcaaataaaaaaccggtgagccgaaaagaggtacaccgagcagagtgaaggaatgagtgtttggtccaaaaccaaggaaatacaatgtataggataaagctgttgtaacacacagtcattttttcattccattgaaaacactaaacgtcttgttgaactgacacgtcggcaatggccgcagatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactgatcactactagtctatcaccctttttttttccgtggttttaaatctcccgctatagctgctgctatctccagttagagcgggtactatagcaggctataagccagctgt</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071090.1 RefSeq:Os10g0404500]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

Os10g0404500

2014-06-07T15:32:40Z

Wyl0202: /* Function */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Sucrose Transporter Gene==
===Function===
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate the active transport of sucrose across plasma membrane barriers in a process that is coupled to proton symport. Since sucrose is the major carbohydrate translocated through the phloem in most plant species, the sucrose/H+ symporters are thought to play important roles in mediating carbon partitioning in plants, for example apoplastic phloem loading in leaves, transport of sucrose into and/or out of temporary storage sinks such as stem tissue and post-phloem transport of sucrose into sink tissue such as seeds.

The rice has five families of sucrose transporters. Despite of the previously reported OsSUT1, four putative sucrose transporter are known as OsSUT2, 3, 4 and 5. OsSUT1 encodes a functional SUT protein that is essential for transport of assimilate into filling rice grains. It has also been proposed that OsSUT1 is involved in transport of assimilate remobilised from starch reserves in leaf sheaths and in germinating seeds. Expression of OsSUT3, 4 and 5 in sink rice leaf suggests that they may be important for supplying sucrose, as a carbon source for growing tissues or possibly to supply sucrose to temporary storage tissues.Unlike the other four OsSUT genes, OsSUT2 seems to be expressed at almost equal levels in various tissues of rice plants.

The five families of sucrose transporters involve in the rice resistance to intermittent drought and secondary soil salinity.

OsSUT1 is the major salt responsive gene of the family of 5 OsSUT-genes，The function of the rice OsSUT1-gene in carbon partitioning, specifically for grain filling and seed germination and early seedling growth.OsSUT1 plays in the transport of assimilate along the entire long-distance pathway, from the flag leaf blade to the base of the filling grain.

OsSUT2 is involved in Suc transport across the tonoplast from the vacuole lumen to the cytosol in rice, playing an essential role in sugar export from the source leaves to sink organs.

===Expression===
The five families all contained a region that is highly conserved in known functional plant SUT genes, including OsSUT1. This domain includes the first membrane spanning helix, the following extracellular loop, the second membrane spanning helix and the next cytoplasmic loop have shown, by site-directed mutagenesis of the ''Arabidopsis'' AtSUC1 protein, that a conserved histidine residue in the extracellular loop is responsible for sucrose binding in the transport process. This histidine residue was also found to be present in all of the putative OsSUT peptides(reference <ref name="ref1" /> ).
.
[[File:SUT_1.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" The functionally important and conserved histidine residue is shown in bold. Dots indicate non-conserved amino acids, and horizontal bars indicate gaps in the sequence alignments(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

OsSUT1 mRNA accumulated to high levels in germinating seeds, source leaf sheaths and panicles, but to very low level in roots. OsSUT2 mRNA accumulated to nearly equal levels in all tissues tested. The expression patterns of OsSUT3 and 5 were found to be similar, the expression level is at its highest in sink leaves and the lowest in germinating seeds. OsSUT4 showed preferential expression in sink leaves(reference <ref name="ref3" /> and reference <ref name="ref4" />).
[[File:SUT_2.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" Analysis of expression of the five OsSUT genes, by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. For each gene, transcript levels in different tissue samples are comparable(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

The gene expression are different when the plants encounter such environmental obstacles, although the five families involved in the sucrose transporters and sucrose transport, they expressed differently in different tissues.OsSUT1 expression appeared to be non-essential for vegetative growth.
[[File:1-s2.0-S0168945211000185-gr4.jpg|''Performance of OsSUT1 anti-sense lines in response to increasing salt concentrations.'']]

===Evolution===
We can express the ''OsSUT'' gene in yeast to test whether it's functional. Choose the yeast strain which is unable to hydrolyse exogenous sucrose but if transformed with a functional SUT, can import sucrose and hydrolyse it internally , allowing it to grow on media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source.
[[File: SUT_3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Test function in yeast(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

There is also a novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporter activity based on the ability of type I SUTs to transport the highly fluorescent molecule esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin β-D-glucoside). Using fluorescence microscopy, we can do the research conveniently.
[[File: SUT_5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Esculin uptake by yeast cells expressing StSUT1 was detected using FACS.(from reference <ref name="ref5" />).. "]]

==Labs working on this gene==
*Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
*CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
*Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Natl Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
*Natl Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rice Res, Niigata 9430193, Japan
*National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Peoples R China
*Department of Rice Research, National Agricultural Research Center, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0193 Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">Lu J M-Y. and Bush D R.(1998) His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. Proc Natl Acad 95: 9025–9030.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Aoki N, Hirose T, Scofield G N, et al.(2003）The Sucrose Transporter Gene Family in Rice. Plant and Cell Physiology 44:223-232.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">Furbank R T, Scofield G N, Hirose T, et al. (2001) Cellular localisation and function of a sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in developing rice grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol 28: 1187–1196.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">Hirose T, Imaizumi N, Scofield G N, et al. (1997) cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 38: 1389–1396.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">Gora P J, Reinders A, Ward J M, et al.(2012)A novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporters. Plant Methods 8:13.</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0404500|
Description = Sucrose transporter|
Version = NM_001071090.1 GI:115481923 GeneID:4348577|
Length = 6221 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0404500, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:14136198..14142418|
CDS = 14136282..14136437,14138096..14138161,14138312..14138410,14139725..14139789,14139915..14139999 ,14140094..14140127,14140244..14140343,14140516..14140591,14140790..14141113 ,14141795..14142310|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaaggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcgatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MAVDMELDGGGDGKGKAPPQISLSGLFLACMVAGGVQYGWALQL SLLTPYVQTLGIPHALTSVMWLCGPIAGLIVQPCVGLYSDKCTSSLGRRRPFILTGCI IICISVIVIGFSSDIGYALGDTTEDCKVYRGPRYHAAAAFILGFWLLDFSNNTVQGPA RALMADLSGRHGPSAANAIFCSWMALGNILGYSSGSTNDWHKWFPFLMTRACCEACAN LKAAFLVAVVFLGLSTAVTMVFAREVALDPVAAAKRNEGEASGLLAVFKGMKNLPVGM PSVLIVTGLTWLSWFPFILFDTDWMGREIYHGRPDGSPAEVTAFQEGVRQGAFGLLLN SIVLGISSFLIEPMCRRLGARAVWVMSSAVVCVAMAAVSVLSAWSLGDFGGSVQDAAR APAEEGGVRASALALFVFLGLPFAVLCSVPFAVTAQLAASRGGGQGLCTGVLNISIVV PQMAIALGAGPWDELFGEGNIPAFAMASVFAAAAAAAGVVLLPKVSVRSVSMAGGH</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>85..240#1899..1964#2115..2213#3528..3592#3718..3802#3897..3930#4047..4146#4319..4394#4593..4916#5598..6113#cttcgatctcttgggatataactagcttagctatagctctagctaaataggttcgtacgtataggatatttgatccattgatcgatggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcaggtatgtgtttaaggcgttttggcctttttcattttcgtctatattcattagcatctatatgaatttgaacacacacacacacacacatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatggattcacgtatgaatctattcaaaacccaaactgtcttaactaataatatggaacagagaacatagtactacttagttgttgtgattgtatatatgtactatacttttcttgtctccaagagggagatttttttttctattgtcttttaactctttattgatgtgaaggtgtaatttgtttgtgtggaaatatttggaggaattccaaatagtattgggaatatcagatttcctcttatgctgcctgtttgctatggctaatcttgatctaactcccacctcaaaaaaaaaacatgtagcttaacatctagctttcatattagcatcctcccaattaagctggttttagctatagcctattttatggtgtttttactcattatgttcctttggaaagcaacaatataattgttttcctcattcttgtagagttgaattaattcctgtgaaaatctgaaaaaaattgtgtgtacaattccagcatttctaaacaaaagcttgaacatttgctaatatacagttttcaaaagaaaaattttggaactggatttcacgattcatttttccaaggcacttgtcctgcaaaaagttctatagctgtaatatgggcaattccttgagtaataagtcatttatttcaccgcaagttcttgcgtagttgtggtgtaggtcagattgtttttatccatgaacttattacttctgtaaattaatttggtatatattgttaagttcagctatatcctggtaatagaaaatgaatgtttttattagtaaaagttttttttataaaatgaaatgaattcatttctatgtttaggagtaaagcattgtctagcacagcaagggactgtaactaaaaatggtatgtgagttgtttcatttttgttctaactgaaccatggcaccatataacaaagtattaatcttgaataaagtcaccagatgttattttttggtcaaaataaaaaggcattttccatatatttacaatcatactaccaaattaaaattatactccctccggtttttaatgtaccacgtcattaacttttagacatatgtttgaactttttgtgttattaaaaaaataatgcaaatacgtacatattatcaagattgcggtagattcagatcaattttcttgtgtggcttgttttggcctaggagtacacggactaaccaagttattgtatcaaaatgaacaacctacaagttgttgtatctatttgcacccaccacgcaagttcatgtaccatgagcacaatttactccttatattatctttaatataaaacaaatcaaaacaaaataaatatttattacataattcttttaataagacaaatgatcaaacatcgtccaaaagtcaacagcgtcgtacatgcatggaaaacctgagggagtacccttgttgtgctttgataaaatccagcatgaactaattactaatttctcttcatatatgtgcatggcttaattcattcactaacttcatttcactatcactttgtttggaacagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgtaagtagtgccctatctatggcgatgtcatatatcattccctggtcttaaaaaaagaaaactcacaaaattatatcaagatttatgatttcagaaacatgatccctcaaagtacgttttctcctcacgtttgtgcctttcatcctgcaggttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgagaaaaacccaattatcatccaactactctcttcgtttcatattataaatcgtttaaacttttttttaagttaaacttgttttaaaaaattttgatcatcaaatgtatataaaaatatagtaatatttatagcaccaatttgcactacattcccagtgtcctgcaaccaaattgatagagagatattcgcggcagccacgaccatcaccctatgagatagaaagacggcgagtttctgcactcgcacaggcttgaaaacaagattcctaagacaatggcaccggccatctacgcatcttcaaggtgaaagaatcaaatagtttgcgaggccctctcctctaacactttgattcgtgacatctgactgctacaaatcacaacagtagatcacctaagtcagtatgtcgagctatggaccatgatccagagaataggccccttaggatactagagagacaccatcacttagaagtttacagcaaatggtgaatagtcggcaaaatcggcttatcagctacaattcctatgtgcagtaggaacggtgttcaatcaaacaatttggaaatgttaggcgcccctaaagtgcaaatttttcatatagttggtcatccaaaatagggtgtggacggctgataggctatagaagagaggttagcaaaaccaaagagtctgccccttctatagagtatcacaggaaacgacaatccatcttatcgcaaaatgcaggctctctataaggatttagacagccatacaacattgggcgagcatagacctcaaaatacaagattgggacgcttgcgcttcgatggaagaatggtggaagagggttcttcacacaccgcacatccccaaaggacctttaaaatccctgattatcctggtgggttgggagctctggtgtgagagaaacactaggatattccgccacgtggctaccaccctgacaaccatcatcgctaaaatcaaagaagaggggttggcctggatcaaagtgggatcaaagtgggagccgcaaaagctcgttgagttaacttcgttggaagaaccctatagtttctccttctgtgggctctttttttttatggcaggccctgtaaataactctttttttggttgtttgttttttctcctactctatcaatatatgcaaggtaaagctttcgtctttttttttaaaaaaaaagtgcactatatctaacaattcataaatttagttaaaactaaagtgacttaaaagttaaaaaaactaataatatgaaacggaggtaagtagttagttatttgattaactaattacatgactgacaggtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaagtaattaagctgctcgatcactgacagtgacagagcttgatgaattcgctgattaaatcattggtcgattagtaagcaaaatttcaggattcggactcgctaatcgagcgacttaatccatccagggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcaggtatgcagcctgaagaagaagaaagaaaactctcagctctgaatccatctgaaactctgaataatctgcaatgtgatatatgattctcgcgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtgagtcgtgagaagattaacaccagattttatacctgatttgatgacagattagttgtgttcttggttttggttttctgaattttgttgcttactgaacattggaatatattcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtcggtgatcgatcgctgatgactacagctgctctgaattttctcatcatcaaaatcatctatggaatgctaaatcagcagctttgatcagttcttgatgccaatttttttttctaagaaaaatgaacggaatgctatattcatagtggaattgcattgcatgtggccgcaggtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtaattattttatttaattaaaagctgcagcttttatacaactatagtaccttcaaaattgaaggtttttacgtgacatgtatttttttctattacacgaaagacgatgcgtaatgcatcatggaacacacattcaagacaagaccagcgacaaaatctctaaaattactaaatttgattttgatgtaatgtgcgcaggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcggtcagatcgagctatccatcaattacttgcctttttttctctccggtttaaaatatttgatgttaagaataatatttaaattattttttaaaaaataaaattgacctaaaacctaaagttttgaattgtgatagtgttaatacttttcgaggcaaatatgcacataaaagttttctttttctacttttttaactaacaatttgaaaaatgatttaactgtcaagttttcaaaatcctgatcaaatcttttccctgaacgtctattattttcttttacggagactgtatctactagctacttcattccacgttataataataagacgttatgatatcaccgttactcgtatagattcactatctttcatatgaatctaaacacatatataatacacacgaattaatctatacgttaatctttactacttaaaacaatgaagatgtttcttcgtccatccaaataaaaaaaaagcaaaaaaaaacataaaatgaaaggggaggcaaataaaaaaccggtgagccgaaaagaggtacaccgagcagagtgaaggaatgagtgtttggtccaaaaccaaggaaatacaatgtataggataaagctgttgtaacacacagtcattttttcattccattgaaaacactaaacgtcttgttgaactgacacgtcggcaatggccgcagatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactgatcactactagtctatcaccctttttttttccgtggttttaaatctcccgctatagctgctgctatctccagttagagcgggtactatagcaggctataagccagctgt</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071090.1 RefSeq:Os10g0404500]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

Os09g0441900

2014-06-07T15:17:28Z

Wyl0202: /* Extension */

The rice ''Os09g0441900'' was identified as ''DEP1'' (DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE1) and ''qPE9-1'' respectively in 2009 by researchers from China<ref name="ref1" />.(in chronological order).
==Annotated Information==
===Function===

*Natural variation at the ''DEP1'' locus enhances grain yield in rice<ref name="ref1" />.The rice DEP1 (DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1) locus was first identified by two independent research groups with quantitative trait loci analysis to control grain yield, grain numbers per panicle, and panicle morphology.Deletion of the DEP1 gene during rice domestication was proposed to enhance meristematic activity and result in reduced inflorescence internode lengths that thereby increased grain numbers per panicle and, consequently, grain yields.''DEP1'' regulates nitrogen uptake and metabolism and participates in determining the amount and direction of cell division,which in turn controls organ size and shape.It has been suggested to encode a plant-specific G protein γ subunit.The DEP1 protein interacts in vivo with both the Gα(RGA1)and Gβ(RGB1)subunits,and reduced RGA1 or enhanced RGB1 activity inhibits nitrogen responses.The plant G protein complex regulates nitrogen signaling and modulation of heterotrimeric G protein activity provides a strategy for environmentally sustainable increases in rice grain yield<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:cd tolerance.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 1.''' ''Impact of the C-terminal half of OsDEP1 on yeast Cd tolerance(from reference<ref name="ref3" />).'']]
*''OsDEP1'' encoded a highly cysteine (Cys)-rich G protein γ subunit composed of 426 aa,which was initially identified as it conferred cadmium (Cd) tolerance on yeast cells. Of the 426 aa constituting OsDEP1, 120 are Cys residues (28.2%), of which 88 are clustered in the C-terminal half region (aa 170-426).The OsDEP1(170–426) region is necessary and sufficient to confer cadmium (Cd)tolerance on host yeast cells(Figure 1).The Cd responses of transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing OsDEP1,OsDEP1(1–169) or OsDEP1(170–426),were similar to the observations in yeast cells, with OsDEP1 and OsDEP1(170–426) transgenic plants displaying Cd tolerance but OsDEP1(1–169) plants showing no such tolerance<ref name="ref3" />.

'''GO assignment(s):''' GO:0005882

*DEP1 (Dense and Erect Panicle1) gene encodes an unknown protein containing the PEBP (phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein) domain which share some homology with the N terminus of GS3.DEP1 is pleiotropically responsible for all three traits: dense panicle, high grain number per panicle and erect panicle. In the case of the rice plant, more tillering equates to more grain-bearing branches. Rice branching determines the number of panicle and grain number per panicle ,and then control the grain yield.We can see the rice tillering at (Figure 6).
[[File:The tillering of rice.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 6.''' ''The tillering of rice.'']]]]

===Mutation===
[[File:1 dep-1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 2.''' ''The phenotype of NIL-dep1 plants(from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]
*''dep1'' confers an increased number of grains per panicle (and a consequent increase in grain yield).Figure 2 shows the ''DEP1'' and ''dep1'' NIL line field performance.(a) Dense and erect panicle.(b)Increased panicle branching and reduced rachis length. (c)Grain number per main panicle was significantly higher in the presence of ''dep1''<ref name="ref1" />.
[[File:The tillering of rice. .jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 7.''' ''The tillering of rice(from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]
*The ''dep1-1'' and ''dep1-32'' alleles exhibit insensitive growth to nitrogen input level(Figure 3)<ref name="ref2" />.
* dep1 is the mutant DEP1 allele.The variant involves the replacement of a 637-bp stretch of the middle of exon 5 by 12-bp sequence,which has the effect of creatig a premature stop codon and consequently a loss of 230 residues from C termimus.As showed in (Figure 7)<ref name="ref1" />
[[File:1 dep-1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 2.''' ''The phenotype of NIL-dep1 plants(from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]
*DEP1 acts as a dominant negative regulator of panicle architecture ad grain number.The near isogenic lines(NILs) carrying a mutated DEP1 (NIL-dep1) exhibit increased number of grain per panicle,shorter infloresence internodes, increased number of both primary and secondary panicle branches,which may result from the enhanced meristematic activity and cell proliferation through regulating OsCKX2<ref name="ref1" />(Fig 8. a).
*But they do not exhibit noticeable change in panical architecture. The experiments are taken as the following several aspects[2]. Through GFP-expression fused with dep1, in NIL-dep1, dep1 and DEP1 was detected in nucleis of root,leaf, culm, meristem, with the highest expression in the meristem at the stage of primary and secondary rachis branch formation(Fig 8.b,c). Close examination of the shoot apex meristem (SAM) showed that the SAM of NIL-dep1 plants was larger than that of NIL-DEP1 plants (Fig 8. 2d). Cells in the uppermost internode of the mature NIL-dep1 culm were shorter than those in NIL-DEP1 plants (Fig 8. 2e). At the same time, cell number across the longitudinal axis of NIL-dep1 plants was higher than in NIL-DEP1 plants (Fig 8. 2f). Taken together, these observations suggest that the dep1 allele enhances meristematic activity and promotes cell proliferation. So dep1 allele enhances meristematic activity and promotes cell proliferation.
*The activity of axillary meristem in the shoot apex is important for the determination of the extent of panicle branching and hence grain number<ref name="ref14" /><ref name="ref15" /><ref name="ref16" />. In NIL-dep1 plants, the Gn1a was clearly downregulated.Gn1a, a major grain number QTL, encodes a cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase, and has been implicated in the regulation of meristematic activity, panicle branching and grain number through its effect on the level of cytokinin. ANIL-Gn1a line had the same number of primary branches as the control line but developed more secondary branches[6,7]. This suggests that dep1 genetically controls the number of both primary branches and secondary branches on primary branches at the panicle top, whereas Gn1a regulates the number of secondary branches on primary branches at the panicle base.
*Preparing the field performation of DEP1 and dep1, the grain number per mian panicle is higher in the presence of dep1 (Fig 9.c) and there are clear differences in panicle architecture, influorescence internode and panicle length (Fig 9.b,e), and the number of both primary (Fig 4.b,f)and secondary (Fig 4.g) branches per panicle.Furthermore,he grain-weight of NIL-dep1 plants was slightly less than that of NIL-DEP1 plants (Fig 9.h),but the overall grain yield per plant under field conditions was increased(+40.9%) (Fig 9.I).The evidence of grain-fillinf failure in the presence of dep1 is unclear. Through testing the effect of dep1 on grain yield in an indica background by backcrossing the dep1 segment present in the japonica variety Wuyunjing 7 into the indica variety Zhefu 802. This NIL, ZF 802 (dep1), produced more grains per panicle and out-yielded its recurrent parent. Thus, dep1 is a useful allele for increasing grain yield in rice.

[[File:DEP1 expression and its effect on cell proliferation.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 8.''' ''DEP1 expression and its effect on cell proliferation(from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]
[[File:The phenotype of NIL-dep1 plants.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 9.''' ''The phenotype of NIL-dep1 plants(from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]

===Expression===
[[File:DEP expression2.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 4.''' ''The expression profile of DEP1 during spikelet development (from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]
*During reproductive development,''DEP1'' was preferentially expressed on the adaxial side of the bract primordium,as well as in the bract primordia of primary and secondary rachis-branches. Within the inflorescence meristem,''DEP1'' was expressed weakly in the carpel and stamen primordia, with patchy expression in the lemma and palea(Figure 4)<ref name="ref1" />.
*Through GFP-expression fused with dep1, in NIL-dep1, dep1 and DEP1 was detected in nucleis of root,leaf, culm, meristem, with the highest expression in the meristem at the stage of primary and secondary rachis branch formation(Fig 3.b,c)<ref name="ref1" />.
*''DEP1'' transcript abundance was positively induced by the level of nitrogen supplied<ref name="ref2" />.

===Cellular Location===
RGB1-GFP, DEP1-GFP,and dep1-1–GFP fusion proteins were detected both on the plasma membrane and within the nucleus of transgenic rice root cells<ref name="ref2" />.

==Evolution==
Genetic diversity analysis suggests that ''DEP1'' has been subjected to artificial selection during ''Oryza sativa'' spp.''japonica'' rice domestication<ref name="ref2" />.
The allelic constitution at the DEP1 locus was explored by resequencing from a panel of widely cultivated Chinese varieties (69 japonica and 83 indica)<ref name="ref1" />. Several sequence variants at the DEP1 C terminus were present in the sample of indica types. The variety 93-11 differed from the japonica variety Nipponbare by three amino acids, whereas that of the variety Teqing differed by two amino acids. The Nipponbare sequence differed from that of an accession of Oryza rufipogon by one nucleotide at position 663, but this did not produce a variant peptide. We investigated the structure of the homologs of DEP1 in other smallgrain cereals<ref name="ref1" />. Several truncated C-terminal deletions were observed in barley, and in bread wheat and its diploid wild progenitor Triticum urartu. To determine whether any novel gain-of-function was induced by the presence of these truncated genes, we generated a number of transgenic wheat plants carrying a pUbi:RNAi-TaDEP1 construct. The consequent downregulation of TaDEP1 resulted in an increase in the length of the ear, a less compact ear and a somewhat reduced number of spikelets. This suggests that a functionally equivalent mutation may have occurred early in the divergence of the wheat and barley lineages.

==Extension==
[[File:reponses to Cd.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 5.''' ''Plant responses to Cd stress (from reference<ref name="ref4" />).'']]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_proteins Heterotrimeric G proteins] are multisubunit, integral membrane signal-transduction complexes that mediate intracellular responses to external stimuli in diverse eukaryotic organisms<ref name="ref5" />.G proteins typically consist of α, β and γ subunits<ref name="ref6" /><ref name="ref7" />.Gβγ acts as a functional monomer,and Gβ-mediated processes require a γ subunit<ref name="ref8" /><ref name="ref9" /><ref name="ref10" />.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium Cadmium] (Cd)is one of the transition metals that is non-essential for almost all living organisms.It is also a noxious compound that inactivates and denatures structural and functional proteins of organisms by binding to free sulfhydryl groups,thereby inhibiting their growth and development.Another aspect of Cd toxicity is derived from its chemical similarity to metal co-factors or coordinated metals, such as Zn,Fe,and Ca, of enzymes,signalling intermediates,and transcription factors,especially the zinc-finger type<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref11" />. To cope with Cd toxicity effects,plants are known to be equipped with the potential to chelate and extrude Cd,to sequester Cd into vacuoles, and to dissipate reactive oxygen species triggered by Cd(Figure 5)<ref name="ref4" />.For the chelation of heavy metals, including Cd,various cysteine (Cys)-rich proteins are employed by plants.Small Cys-rich peptides,called metallothioneins (MTs),are the major chelators of Cd<ref name="ref12" /><ref name="ref13" />.

Comparison of OsDEP1 and other Cys-rich proteins involved in Cd tolerance:Several other studies have previously identified Cys-rich proteins that can provide enhanced tolerance to Cd toxicity. DcCDT1 from D. ciliaris is a 55 aa peptide of which 15 residues (27%) are Cys. The protein is localized to the cytoplasmic membrane and appears to function in the chelation and possible extrusion of Cd, as transgenic DcCDT1 plants accumulate considerably less Cd than controls.Considering that OsDEP1 is a Gγ subunit, it is likely that it is localized to the inside of cytoplasmic membranes, whereas DcCDT1 may be oriented to the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Such a possibility would explain the observed differences in Cd uptake between the DcCDT1- and OsDEP1-expressing transgenic plants.

==Labs working on this gene==
*The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China.
*The State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
*The State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
*Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
*The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
*Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
*National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
*Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-7 Kaidobata Nishi, Akita 010-1095, Japan.
*Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (BiK-F), D-60323 Frankfurt, Germany.
==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">
Huang X, Qian Q, Liu Z, et al. Natural variation at the ''DEP1'' locus enhances grain yield in rice[J]. Nature genetics, 2009, 41(4): 494-497.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Sun H, Qian Q, Wu K, et al. Heterotrimeric G proteins regulate nitrogen-use efficiency in rice[J]. Nature genetics, 2014.</ref>
<ref name="ref3"> Kunihiro S, Saito T, Matsuda T, et al. Rice ''DEP1'', encoding a highly cysteine-rich G protein γ subunit, confers cadmium tolerance on yeast cells and plants[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 2013, 64(14): 4517-4527.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">DalCorso G, Farinati S, Maistri S, et al. How plants cope with cadmium: staking all on metabolism and gene expression[J]. Journal of integrative plant biology, 2008, 50(10): 1268-1280.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">New D C, Wong J T Y. The evidence for G-protein-coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins in protozoa and ancestral metazoa[J]. Neurosignals, 1998, 7(2): 98-108.</ref>
<ref name="ref6">Perfus-Barbeoch L, Jones A M, Assmann S M. Plant heterotrimeric G protein function: insights from ''Arabidopsis'' and rice mutants[J]. Current opinion in plant biology, 2004, 7(6): 719-731.</ref>
<ref name="ref7">Jones J C, Duffy J W, Machius M, et al. The crystal structure of a self-activating G protein α subunit reveals its distinct mechanism of signal initiation[J]. Science signaling, 2011, 4(159): ra8.</ref>
<ref name="ref8">Ford C E, Skiba N P, Bae H, et al. Molecular basis for interactions of G protein βγ subunits with effectors[J]. Science, 1998, 280(5367): 1271-1274.</ref>
<ref name="ref9">Ullah H, Chen J G, Young J C, et al. Modulation of cell proliferation by heterotrimeric G protein in ''Arabidopsis''[J]. Science, 2001, 292(5524): 2066-2069.</ref>
<ref name="ref10">Trusov Y, Rookes J E, Tilbrook K, et al. Heterotrimeric G protein γ subunits provide functional selectivity in Gβγ dimer signaling in ''Arabidopsis''[J]. The Plant Cell Online, 2007, 19(4): 1235-1250.</ref>
<ref name="ref11">Verbruggen N, Hermans C, Schat H. Mechanisms to cope with arsenic or cadmium excess in plants[J]. Current opinion in plant biology, 2009, 12(3): 364-372.</ref>
<ref name="ref12"> Ecker D J, Butt T R, Sternberg E J, et al. Yeast metallothionein function in metal ion detoxification[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1986, 261(36): 16895-16900.</ref>
<ref name="ref13">Freisinger E. Plant MTs—long neglected members of the metallothionein superfamily[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2008 (47): 6663-6675.</ref>
<ref name="ref14">Rao, N.N., Prasad, K., Kumar, P.R. & Vijayraghavan, U. Distinct regulatory role for RFL,the rice LFY homolog, in determining flowering time and plant architecture[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 3646–3651 (2008).</ref>
<ref name="ref15">Kellogg, E.A. Floral displays: genetic control of grass inflorescences[J]. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 10, 26–31 (2007).</ref>
<ref name="ref16">Kurakawa, T. et al. Direct control of shoot meristem activity by a cytokinin activating enzyme[J]. Nature 445, 652–655 (2007).</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os09g0441900|
Description = Whey acidic protein, core region domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001069822.1 GI:115479386 GeneID:4347178|
Length = 4701 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os09g0441900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 9|Chromosome 9]]|
AP = Chromosome 9:17064862..17069562|
CDS = 17065265..17065393,17066606..17066664,17067820..17067864,17067951..17067995,17068411..17069413 |
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008402:17064862..17069562
source=RiceChromosome09
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008402:17064862..17069562
source=RiceChromosome09
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgggggaggaggcggtggtgatggaggcgccgaggcccaagtcgccgccgaggtacccggacctgtgcggccggcggcggatgcagctggaggtgcagatcctgagccgcgagatcacgttcctcaaggatgagcttcacttccttgaaggagctcagcccgtttctcgttctggatgcattaaagagataaatgagtttgttggtacaaaacatgacccactaataccaacaaagagaaggaggcacagatcttgccgtctttttcggtggatcggatcaaaattgtgtatctgcatttcatgtctttgctactgttgcaagtgctcacccaagtgcaaaagaccaaggtgcctcaattgttcttgcagctcatgctgcgacgagccatgctgtaagccaaactgcagtgcgtgctgcgctgggtcatgctgtagtccagactgctgctcatgctgtaaacctaactgcagttgctgcaagaccccttcttgctgcaaaccgaactgctcgtgctcctgtccaagctgcagctcatgctgcgatacatcgtgctgcaaaccgagctgcacctgcttcaacatcttttcatgcttcaaatccctgtacagctgcttcaagatcccttcatgcttcaagtcccagtgcaactgctctagccccaattgctgcacttgcacccttccaagctgtagctgcaagggctgtgcctgtccaagctgtggatgcaacggctgtggctgtccaagctgcggatgcaacggttgtggctgtccaagctgcggttgcaacggctgtggccttccaagctgcggttgcaacggctgcggctcgtgctcttgcgcccaatgcaaacccgattgtggctcgtgctctaccaattgctgtagctgcaagccaagctgcaacggctgctgcggcgagcagtgctgccgctgcgcggactgcttctcctgctcgtgccctcgttgctccagctgcttcaacatcttcaaatgctcctgcgctggctgctgctcgagcctgtgcaagtgcccctgcacgacgcagtgcttcagctgccagtcgtcatgctgcaagcggcagccttcgtgctgcaagtgccagtcgtcttgctgcgaggggcagccttcctgctgcgagggacactgctgcagcctcccgaaaccgtcgtgccctgaatgttcctgtgggtgtgtctggtcttgcaagaattgtacagagggttgtcgatgcccacggtgtcgtaacccatgctgtctcagtggttgcttatgttga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MGEEAVVMEAPRPKSPPRYPDLCGRRRMQLEVQILSREITFLKD ELHFLEGAQPVSRSGCIKEINEFVGTKHDPLIPTKRRRHRSCRLFRWIGSKLCICISC LCYCCKCSPKCKRPRCLNCSCSSCCDEPCCKPNCSACCAGSCCSPDCCSCCKPNCSCC KTPSCCKPNCSCSCPSCSSCCDTSCCKPSCTCFNIFSCFKSLYSCFKIPSCFKSQCNC SSPNCCTCTLPSCSCKGCACPSCGCNGCGCPSCGCNGCGCPSCGCNGCGLPSCGCNGC GSCSCAQCKPDCGSCSTNCCSCKPSCNGCCGEQCCRCADCFSCSCPRCSSCFNIFKCS CAGCCSSLCKCPCTTQCFSCQSSCCKRQPSCCKCQSSCCEGQPSCCEGHCCSLPKPSC PECSCGCVWSCKNCTEGCRCPRCRNPCCLSGCLC</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>404..532#1745..1803#2959..3003#3090..3134#3550..4552#tctcttccctctctctctttctctctccaaaccccacgcacgccgcgtcgccgcctcctcctctccatctccgctgctattattgcccgcgcagacgcaggccaccatccttcctctcgctcacgctcgctgctatatgggggtcctcctcatcgcatcgcatcgcatcacctcgcacgggcgcgcgcgccgtgccgtgccgctagctcgatccgcctcgtacgccagctcgctcgctcgctcccccaccccgctgctgcacggctgcgcccgcgctgtcccctgtccccccgctcgccgcggcgatttatacccaccacgccccctgctgctgctataatgcccatgagtgaaggcggcgaggggtggttctgagttggccgttggcgtgctgcgtgtggagatgggggaggaggcggtggtgatggaggcgccgaggcccaagtcgccgccgaggtacccggacctgtgcggccggcggcggatgcagctggaggtgcagatcctgagccgcgagatcacgttcctcaaggtgagcgccccgcggcggcggcggctgcgtttttctctataggtttctctttcacactcgctcgctcgaaattctcggggcccgagctctacttgcttcgtcttcctttgactttaccgattaattttaaaaaaaaggagatccgattcgccgcgcatttttcaaaacccaagcggccgagtacggagctacccgctactgcaagtaggatgctgtgaagtgtacagtaatggcgttgttaattgcggtagctagtgctattctagtacttgtagtactgtttctaggcggaggtgaatcacggcgccatcaatccgaggctggcgagacaagcttggccctctttgggcgtggcgccatggctgtactacctttgtcgttgtttggttgggctcctcgttggagaaaagaagagcgtgggcatggacaactgacctgagtggccttgtcagggagagccatagcagtggacgtgtctatctccgccattgcttcgtcgacactggacgtgcagacggcatggccatgagggctttgcacgatgggtggtgccgtgttggtgttatgggctgccaccatggtttgaggcttttgatgttgctagattttgtgtttaacgagggagggaagaatgtgttgttcttgacactgtgctgtgcttttaaggagcagagatttcagaagctcttcagatatcagagaacttctttgtagtagtaatcaaatgcgctttagacatctttttatcgtttcttgcaaggtcagtccctgctttggtacccgatctcgcttttgtgcaacatcaaagttacacttacacagtaaagcaggaatctttatgggaccgttcgtactggtcaattactccaggctttgattaatgggttttaagttttaaccgcagatttggtacaagtaacaacctttatttactttttatttctgcaactgtgtcttttaacatgaaagaatccagctccattcaaaagtttagtttttattttccattgtggtgcatggtcactcagcctgcagtactgaattatcaaaattttcttttgtcatttctctcatgttaagtgcatagtctattttacttcaacaggtagaaaaacttttgtgggtttgtttctagctcaaggaggaaattcatgggtttgcatctagcacatgagagaacaatattggtctaacacaaagctccttttgtaggatgagcttcacttccttgaaggagctcagcccgtttctcgttctggatgcattaaagagtatgtactactgcccttcatgcattacagatattttgtttttaagtttttagaaatttgaagagcttatgtcaagtatgaaatgtcagcttaattttattgctgtccttatctaatgtcttatgctctgttttataaaatttggttgcattttctcccccagggaaaaatcttgtataagtgtgttatgtacttatgtgtataaaatcttgttgcacttgtatgtcacacttaggccctgtttagatcctccaaaatggcagtttgccattttgaagaaccttttgccattttggatctaaacactagtaacaaaacttggcaatttggcatttggcatttgctagtctatagtagcaaattgtgccaaaaagtgctttggaaccactctctctttctttctctctctcactttagtgctagaatggtaaaagtttaggatgcatctaaacaccaactagtacttttacaatactaaaacttttgccaccaaaacttttgccatttgccatttgctatttcaaatggatctaaacagggccttagcaaatcaccatatgttaaaattaccttgggatgaaaaagaaaaaggaaaccagcattgaagtcttgtttgaaatgcatatgtacttgtaccattacagaaattcttaaaactgctgtcttgacagctacttatcaaacagccccacctgcatcataacgttcctagtggtgcctataactctgcctcagttattattttgtggcccactggtccaacaatttgaaaaaaattatattgaactaaatatattgaacagtagtatgacgtcctctttgcttgagttccatattacagctcacagtcctgagatttgtttcaccgattctttccatgcgatgtgcacatattcttattcaatttaaaaaatgaaagcagattatttttaacaagtaacctatcacgttagcttaacattgtatatttgtggtggaattatgtaatattccgatatcgcatttgaagttttgaacatgtgtgctcaaattgagggacacatgactgtagtgaaagcaaatataaatgtctgagcaatggactatactttgtattcattactacaagttatgtccttttgcaggttgctaatgtcctcttacattacttgtcaggataaatgagtttgttggtacaaaacatgacccactaataccaacgtatggcctctaaactttcagttcccccattttaagcatgttcgctgtttatttacgagttttgacattgttttttccttttccagaaagagaaggaggcacagatcttgccgtctttttcggtggatcgggtatgttttgatccaatatagtttgctcgcaggttctgaggggcaagaacattcaaatatctataatgttttctgttggattcaacattcatcactatttccctcgaaaaaaaagcattcgtcactattggaattgaaagtctgaaagtgcctctagtccctttgtatgttaaaagtcaataaacaagcagtagttttctatatgccacattaatattattgacgcattttaaaaagcaaactagtccagggatgtaatcatctttgttatctaaaactaaaaaaggaaaaactagtgcttttttacattaacattgatttttttgcggctgaaattacatgtagaaactttggcataataatctgtactactgccaaactgagcttttacatggtgaaaatattttccctgcagatcaaaattgtgtatctgcatttcatgtctttgctactgttgcaagtgctcacccaagtgcaaaagaccaaggtgcctcaattgttcttgcagctcatgctgcgacgagccatgctgtaagccaaactgcagtgcgtgctgcgctgggtcatgctgtagtccagactgctgctcatgctgtaaacctaactgcagttgctgcaagaccccttcttgctgcaaaccgaactgctcgtgctcctgtccaagctgcagctcatgctgcgatacatcgtgctgcaaaccgagctgcacctgcttcaacatcttttcatgcttcaaatccctgtacagctgcttcaagatcccttcatgcttcaagtcccagtgcaactgctctagccccaattgctgcacttgcacccttccaagctgtagctgcaagggctgtgcctgtccaagctgtggatgcaacggctgtggctgtccaagctgcggatgcaacggttgtggctgtccaagctgcggttgcaacggctgtggccttccaagctgcggttgcaacggctgcggctcgtgctcttgcgcccaatgcaaacccgattgtggctcgtgctctaccaattgctgtagctgcaagccaagctgcaacggctgctgcggcgagcagtgctgccgctgcgcggactgcttctcctgctcgtgccctcgttgctccagctgcttcaacatcttcaaatgctcctgcgctggctgctgctcgagcctgtgcaagtgcccctgcacgacgcagtgcttcagctgccagtcgtcatgctgcaagcggcagccttcgtgctgcaagtgccagtcgtcttgctgcgaggggcagccttcctgctgcgagggacactgctgcagcctcccgaaaccgtcgtgccctgaatgttcctgtgggtgtgtctggtcttgcaagaattgtacagagggttgtcgatgcccacggtgtcgtaacccatgctgtctcagtggttgcttatgttgatctagatccttttttggttgttgtttttcttgtattttttagttgttaggcctttgattaagttcgaactttcataaatatatggtgtttatcctgtaaagaaatgatgatttcaaggatttttcatagctatgagacgaggttgaacc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001069822.1 RefSeq:Os09g0441900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 9]]
[[Category:Chromosome 9]]

Os09g0441900

2014-06-07T15:06:11Z

Wyl0202: /* Function */

The rice ''Os09g0441900'' was identified as ''DEP1'' (DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE1) and ''qPE9-1'' respectively in 2009 by researchers from China<ref name="ref1" />.(in chronological order).
==Annotated Information==
===Function===

*Natural variation at the ''DEP1'' locus enhances grain yield in rice<ref name="ref1" />.The rice DEP1 (DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1) locus was first identified by two independent research groups with quantitative trait loci analysis to control grain yield, grain numbers per panicle, and panicle morphology.Deletion of the DEP1 gene during rice domestication was proposed to enhance meristematic activity and result in reduced inflorescence internode lengths that thereby increased grain numbers per panicle and, consequently, grain yields.''DEP1'' regulates nitrogen uptake and metabolism and participates in determining the amount and direction of cell division,which in turn controls organ size and shape.It has been suggested to encode a plant-specific G protein γ subunit.The DEP1 protein interacts in vivo with both the Gα(RGA1)and Gβ(RGB1)subunits,and reduced RGA1 or enhanced RGB1 activity inhibits nitrogen responses.The plant G protein complex regulates nitrogen signaling and modulation of heterotrimeric G protein activity provides a strategy for environmentally sustainable increases in rice grain yield<ref name="ref2" />.
[[File:cd tolerance.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 1.''' ''Impact of the C-terminal half of OsDEP1 on yeast Cd tolerance(from reference<ref name="ref3" />).'']]
*''OsDEP1'' encoded a highly cysteine (Cys)-rich G protein γ subunit composed of 426 aa,which was initially identified as it conferred cadmium (Cd) tolerance on yeast cells. Of the 426 aa constituting OsDEP1, 120 are Cys residues (28.2%), of which 88 are clustered in the C-terminal half region (aa 170-426).The OsDEP1(170–426) region is necessary and sufficient to confer cadmium (Cd)tolerance on host yeast cells(Figure 1).The Cd responses of transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing OsDEP1,OsDEP1(1–169) or OsDEP1(170–426),were similar to the observations in yeast cells, with OsDEP1 and OsDEP1(170–426) transgenic plants displaying Cd tolerance but OsDEP1(1–169) plants showing no such tolerance<ref name="ref3" />.

'''GO assignment(s):''' GO:0005882

*DEP1 (Dense and Erect Panicle1) gene encodes an unknown protein containing the PEBP (phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein) domain which share some homology with the N terminus of GS3.DEP1 is pleiotropically responsible for all three traits: dense panicle, high grain number per panicle and erect panicle. In the case of the rice plant, more tillering equates to more grain-bearing branches. Rice branching determines the number of panicle and grain number per panicle ,and then control the grain yield.We can see the rice tillering at (Figure 6).
[[File:The tillering of rice.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 6.''' ''The tillering of rice.'']]]]

===Mutation===
[[File:1 dep-1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 2.''' ''The phenotype of NIL-dep1 plants(from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]
*''dep1'' confers an increased number of grains per panicle (and a consequent increase in grain yield).Figure 2 shows the ''DEP1'' and ''dep1'' NIL line field performance.(a) Dense and erect panicle.(b)Increased panicle branching and reduced rachis length. (c)Grain number per main panicle was significantly higher in the presence of ''dep1''<ref name="ref1" />.
[[File:The tillering of rice. .jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 7.''' ''The tillering of rice(from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]
*The ''dep1-1'' and ''dep1-32'' alleles exhibit insensitive growth to nitrogen input level(Figure 3)<ref name="ref2" />.
* dep1 is the mutant DEP1 allele.The variant involves the replacement of a 637-bp stretch of the middle of exon 5 by 12-bp sequence,which has the effect of creatig a premature stop codon and consequently a loss of 230 residues from C termimus.As showed in (Figure 7)<ref name="ref1" />
[[File:1 dep-1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 2.''' ''The phenotype of NIL-dep1 plants(from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]
*DEP1 acts as a dominant negative regulator of panicle architecture ad grain number.The near isogenic lines(NILs) carrying a mutated DEP1 (NIL-dep1) exhibit increased number of grain per panicle,shorter infloresence internodes, increased number of both primary and secondary panicle branches,which may result from the enhanced meristematic activity and cell proliferation through regulating OsCKX2<ref name="ref1" />(Fig 8. a).
*But they do not exhibit noticeable change in panical architecture. The experiments are taken as the following several aspects[2]. Through GFP-expression fused with dep1, in NIL-dep1, dep1 and DEP1 was detected in nucleis of root,leaf, culm, meristem, with the highest expression in the meristem at the stage of primary and secondary rachis branch formation(Fig 8.b,c). Close examination of the shoot apex meristem (SAM) showed that the SAM of NIL-dep1 plants was larger than that of NIL-DEP1 plants (Fig 8. 2d). Cells in the uppermost internode of the mature NIL-dep1 culm were shorter than those in NIL-DEP1 plants (Fig 8. 2e). At the same time, cell number across the longitudinal axis of NIL-dep1 plants was higher than in NIL-DEP1 plants (Fig 8. 2f). Taken together, these observations suggest that the dep1 allele enhances meristematic activity and promotes cell proliferation. So dep1 allele enhances meristematic activity and promotes cell proliferation.
*The activity of axillary meristem in the shoot apex is important for the determination of the extent of panicle branching and hence grain number<ref name="ref14" /><ref name="ref15" /><ref name="ref16" />. In NIL-dep1 plants, the Gn1a was clearly downregulated.Gn1a, a major grain number QTL, encodes a cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase, and has been implicated in the regulation of meristematic activity, panicle branching and grain number through its effect on the level of cytokinin. ANIL-Gn1a line had the same number of primary branches as the control line but developed more secondary branches[6,7]. This suggests that dep1 genetically controls the number of both primary branches and secondary branches on primary branches at the panicle top, whereas Gn1a regulates the number of secondary branches on primary branches at the panicle base.
*Preparing the field performation of DEP1 and dep1, the grain number per mian panicle is higher in the presence of dep1 (Fig 9.c) and there are clear differences in panicle architecture, influorescence internode and panicle length (Fig 9.b,e), and the number of both primary (Fig 4.b,f)and secondary (Fig 4.g) branches per panicle.Furthermore,he grain-weight of NIL-dep1 plants was slightly less than that of NIL-DEP1 plants (Fig 9.h),but the overall grain yield per plant under field conditions was increased(+40.9%) (Fig 9.I).The evidence of grain-fillinf failure in the presence of dep1 is unclear. Through testing the effect of dep1 on grain yield in an indica background by backcrossing the dep1 segment present in the japonica variety Wuyunjing 7 into the indica variety Zhefu 802. This NIL, ZF 802 (dep1), produced more grains per panicle and out-yielded its recurrent parent. Thus, dep1 is a useful allele for increasing grain yield in rice.

[[File:DEP1 expression and its effect on cell proliferation.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 8.''' ''DEP1 expression and its effect on cell proliferation(from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]
[[File:The phenotype of NIL-dep1 plants.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 9.''' ''The phenotype of NIL-dep1 plants(from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]

===Expression===
[[File:DEP expression2.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 4.''' ''The expression profile of DEP1 during spikelet development (from reference<ref name="ref1" />).'']]
*During reproductive development,''DEP1'' was preferentially expressed on the adaxial side of the bract primordium,as well as in the bract primordia of primary and secondary rachis-branches. Within the inflorescence meristem,''DEP1'' was expressed weakly in the carpel and stamen primordia, with patchy expression in the lemma and palea(Figure 4)<ref name="ref1" />.
*Through GFP-expression fused with dep1, in NIL-dep1, dep1 and DEP1 was detected in nucleis of root,leaf, culm, meristem, with the highest expression in the meristem at the stage of primary and secondary rachis branch formation(Fig 3.b,c)<ref name="ref1" />.
*''DEP1'' transcript abundance was positively induced by the level of nitrogen supplied<ref name="ref2" />.

===Cellular Location===
RGB1-GFP, DEP1-GFP,and dep1-1–GFP fusion proteins were detected both on the plasma membrane and within the nucleus of transgenic rice root cells<ref name="ref2" />.

==Evolution==
Genetic diversity analysis suggests that ''DEP1'' has been subjected to artificial selection during ''Oryza sativa'' spp.''japonica'' rice domestication<ref name="ref2" />.
The allelic constitution at the DEP1 locus was explored by resequencing from a panel of widely cultivated Chinese varieties (69 japonica and 83 indica)<ref name="ref1" />. Several sequence variants at the DEP1 C terminus were present in the sample of indica types. The variety 93-11 differed from the japonica variety Nipponbare by three amino acids, whereas that of the variety Teqing differed by two amino acids. The Nipponbare sequence differed from that of an accession of Oryza rufipogon by one nucleotide at position 663, but this did not produce a variant peptide. We investigated the structure of the homologs of DEP1 in other smallgrain cereals<ref name="ref1" />. Several truncated C-terminal deletions were observed in barley, and in bread wheat and its diploid wild progenitor Triticum urartu. To determine whether any novel gain-of-function was induced by the presence of these truncated genes, we generated a number of transgenic wheat plants carrying a pUbi:RNAi-TaDEP1 construct. The consequent downregulation of TaDEP1 resulted in an increase in the length of the ear, a less compact ear and a somewhat reduced number of spikelets. This suggests that a functionally equivalent mutation may have occurred early in the divergence of the wheat and barley lineages.

==Extension==
[[File:reponses to Cd.jpg|right|thumb|300px|'''Figure 5.''' ''Plant responses to Cd stress (from reference<ref name="ref4" />).'']]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_proteins Heterotrimeric G proteins] are multisubunit, integral membrane signal-transduction complexes that mediate intracellular responses to external stimuli in diverse eukaryotic organisms<ref name="ref5" />.G proteins typically consist of α, β and γ subunits<ref name="ref6" /><ref name="ref7" />.Gβγ acts as a functional monomer,and Gβ-mediated processes require a γ subunit<ref name="ref8" /><ref name="ref9" /><ref name="ref10" />.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium Cadmium] (Cd)is one of the transition metals that is non-essential for almost all living organisms.It is also a noxious compound that inactivates and denatures structural and functional proteins of organisms by binding to free sulfhydryl groups,thereby inhibiting their growth and development.Another aspect of Cd toxicity is derived from its chemical similarity to metal co-factors or coordinated metals, such as Zn,Fe,and Ca, of enzymes,signalling intermediates,and transcription factors,especially the zinc-finger type<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref11" />. To cope with Cd toxicity effects,plants are known to be equipped with the potential to chelate and extrude Cd,to sequester Cd into vacuoles, and to dissipate reactive oxygen species triggered by Cd(Figure 5)<ref name="ref4" />.For the chelation of heavy metals, including Cd,various cysteine (Cys)-rich proteins are employed by plants.Small Cys-rich peptides,called metallothioneins (MTs),are the major chelators of Cd<ref name="ref12" /><ref name="ref13" />.
==Labs working on this gene==
*The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China.
*The State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
*The State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
*Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
*The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
*Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
*National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
*Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-7 Kaidobata Nishi, Akita 010-1095, Japan.
*Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (BiK-F), D-60323 Frankfurt, Germany.
==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">
Huang X, Qian Q, Liu Z, et al. Natural variation at the ''DEP1'' locus enhances grain yield in rice[J]. Nature genetics, 2009, 41(4): 494-497.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Sun H, Qian Q, Wu K, et al. Heterotrimeric G proteins regulate nitrogen-use efficiency in rice[J]. Nature genetics, 2014.</ref>
<ref name="ref3"> Kunihiro S, Saito T, Matsuda T, et al. Rice ''DEP1'', encoding a highly cysteine-rich G protein γ subunit, confers cadmium tolerance on yeast cells and plants[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 2013, 64(14): 4517-4527.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">DalCorso G, Farinati S, Maistri S, et al. How plants cope with cadmium: staking all on metabolism and gene expression[J]. Journal of integrative plant biology, 2008, 50(10): 1268-1280.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">New D C, Wong J T Y. The evidence for G-protein-coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins in protozoa and ancestral metazoa[J]. Neurosignals, 1998, 7(2): 98-108.</ref>
<ref name="ref6">Perfus-Barbeoch L, Jones A M, Assmann S M. Plant heterotrimeric G protein function: insights from ''Arabidopsis'' and rice mutants[J]. Current opinion in plant biology, 2004, 7(6): 719-731.</ref>
<ref name="ref7">Jones J C, Duffy J W, Machius M, et al. The crystal structure of a self-activating G protein α subunit reveals its distinct mechanism of signal initiation[J]. Science signaling, 2011, 4(159): ra8.</ref>
<ref name="ref8">Ford C E, Skiba N P, Bae H, et al. Molecular basis for interactions of G protein βγ subunits with effectors[J]. Science, 1998, 280(5367): 1271-1274.</ref>
<ref name="ref9">Ullah H, Chen J G, Young J C, et al. Modulation of cell proliferation by heterotrimeric G protein in ''Arabidopsis''[J]. Science, 2001, 292(5524): 2066-2069.</ref>
<ref name="ref10">Trusov Y, Rookes J E, Tilbrook K, et al. Heterotrimeric G protein γ subunits provide functional selectivity in Gβγ dimer signaling in ''Arabidopsis''[J]. The Plant Cell Online, 2007, 19(4): 1235-1250.</ref>
<ref name="ref11">Verbruggen N, Hermans C, Schat H. Mechanisms to cope with arsenic or cadmium excess in plants[J]. Current opinion in plant biology, 2009, 12(3): 364-372.</ref>
<ref name="ref12"> Ecker D J, Butt T R, Sternberg E J, et al. Yeast metallothionein function in metal ion detoxification[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1986, 261(36): 16895-16900.</ref>
<ref name="ref13">Freisinger E. Plant MTs—long neglected members of the metallothionein superfamily[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2008 (47): 6663-6675.</ref>
<ref name="ref14">Rao, N.N., Prasad, K., Kumar, P.R. & Vijayraghavan, U. Distinct regulatory role for RFL,the rice LFY homolog, in determining flowering time and plant architecture[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 3646–3651 (2008).</ref>
<ref name="ref15">Kellogg, E.A. Floral displays: genetic control of grass inflorescences[J]. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 10, 26–31 (2007).</ref>
<ref name="ref16">Kurakawa, T. et al. Direct control of shoot meristem activity by a cytokinin activating enzyme[J]. Nature 445, 652–655 (2007).</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os09g0441900|
Description = Whey acidic protein, core region domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001069822.1 GI:115479386 GeneID:4347178|
Length = 4701 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os09g0441900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 9|Chromosome 9]]|
AP = Chromosome 9:17064862..17069562|
CDS = 17065265..17065393,17066606..17066664,17067820..17067864,17067951..17067995,17068411..17069413 |
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008402:17064862..17069562
source=RiceChromosome09
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008402:17064862..17069562
source=RiceChromosome09
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgggggaggaggcggtggtgatggaggcgccgaggcccaagtcgccgccgaggtacccggacctgtgcggccggcggcggatgcagctggaggtgcagatcctgagccgcgagatcacgttcctcaaggatgagcttcacttccttgaaggagctcagcccgtttctcgttctggatgcattaaagagataaatgagtttgttggtacaaaacatgacccactaataccaacaaagagaaggaggcacagatcttgccgtctttttcggtggatcggatcaaaattgtgtatctgcatttcatgtctttgctactgttgcaagtgctcacccaagtgcaaaagaccaaggtgcctcaattgttcttgcagctcatgctgcgacgagccatgctgtaagccaaactgcagtgcgtgctgcgctgggtcatgctgtagtccagactgctgctcatgctgtaaacctaactgcagttgctgcaagaccccttcttgctgcaaaccgaactgctcgtgctcctgtccaagctgcagctcatgctgcgatacatcgtgctgcaaaccgagctgcacctgcttcaacatcttttcatgcttcaaatccctgtacagctgcttcaagatcccttcatgcttcaagtcccagtgcaactgctctagccccaattgctgcacttgcacccttccaagctgtagctgcaagggctgtgcctgtccaagctgtggatgcaacggctgtggctgtccaagctgcggatgcaacggttgtggctgtccaagctgcggttgcaacggctgtggccttccaagctgcggttgcaacggctgcggctcgtgctcttgcgcccaatgcaaacccgattgtggctcgtgctctaccaattgctgtagctgcaagccaagctgcaacggctgctgcggcgagcagtgctgccgctgcgcggactgcttctcctgctcgtgccctcgttgctccagctgcttcaacatcttcaaatgctcctgcgctggctgctgctcgagcctgtgcaagtgcccctgcacgacgcagtgcttcagctgccagtcgtcatgctgcaagcggcagccttcgtgctgcaagtgccagtcgtcttgctgcgaggggcagccttcctgctgcgagggacactgctgcagcctcccgaaaccgtcgtgccctgaatgttcctgtgggtgtgtctggtcttgcaagaattgtacagagggttgtcgatgcccacggtgtcgtaacccatgctgtctcagtggttgcttatgttga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MGEEAVVMEAPRPKSPPRYPDLCGRRRMQLEVQILSREITFLKD ELHFLEGAQPVSRSGCIKEINEFVGTKHDPLIPTKRRRHRSCRLFRWIGSKLCICISC LCYCCKCSPKCKRPRCLNCSCSSCCDEPCCKPNCSACCAGSCCSPDCCSCCKPNCSCC KTPSCCKPNCSCSCPSCSSCCDTSCCKPSCTCFNIFSCFKSLYSCFKIPSCFKSQCNC SSPNCCTCTLPSCSCKGCACPSCGCNGCGCPSCGCNGCGCPSCGCNGCGLPSCGCNGC GSCSCAQCKPDCGSCSTNCCSCKPSCNGCCGEQCCRCADCFSCSCPRCSSCFNIFKCS CAGCCSSLCKCPCTTQCFSCQSSCCKRQPSCCKCQSSCCEGQPSCCEGHCCSLPKPSC PECSCGCVWSCKNCTEGCRCPRCRNPCCLSGCLC</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>404..532#1745..1803#2959..3003#3090..3134#3550..4552#tctcttccctctctctctttctctctccaaaccccacgcacgccgcgtcgccgcctcctcctctccatctccgctgctattattgcccgcgcagacgcaggccaccatccttcctctcgctcacgctcgctgctatatgggggtcctcctcatcgcatcgcatcgcatcacctcgcacgggcgcgcgcgccgtgccgtgccgctagctcgatccgcctcgtacgccagctcgctcgctcgctcccccaccccgctgctgcacggctgcgcccgcgctgtcccctgtccccccgctcgccgcggcgatttatacccaccacgccccctgctgctgctataatgcccatgagtgaaggcggcgaggggtggttctgagttggccgttggcgtgctgcgtgtggagatgggggaggaggcggtggtgatggaggcgccgaggcccaagtcgccgccgaggtacccggacctgtgcggccggcggcggatgcagctggaggtgcagatcctgagccgcgagatcacgttcctcaaggtgagcgccccgcggcggcggcggctgcgtttttctctataggtttctctttcacactcgctcgctcgaaattctcggggcccgagctctacttgcttcgtcttcctttgactttaccgattaattttaaaaaaaaggagatccgattcgccgcgcatttttcaaaacccaagcggccgagtacggagctacccgctactgcaagtaggatgctgtgaagtgtacagtaatggcgttgttaattgcggtagctagtgctattctagtacttgtagtactgtttctaggcggaggtgaatcacggcgccatcaatccgaggctggcgagacaagcttggccctctttgggcgtggcgccatggctgtactacctttgtcgttgtttggttgggctcctcgttggagaaaagaagagcgtgggcatggacaactgacctgagtggccttgtcagggagagccatagcagtggacgtgtctatctccgccattgcttcgtcgacactggacgtgcagacggcatggccatgagggctttgcacgatgggtggtgccgtgttggtgttatgggctgccaccatggtttgaggcttttgatgttgctagattttgtgtttaacgagggagggaagaatgtgttgttcttgacactgtgctgtgcttttaaggagcagagatttcagaagctcttcagatatcagagaacttctttgtagtagtaatcaaatgcgctttagacatctttttatcgtttcttgcaaggtcagtccctgctttggtacccgatctcgcttttgtgcaacatcaaagttacacttacacagtaaagcaggaatctttatgggaccgttcgtactggtcaattactccaggctttgattaatgggttttaagttttaaccgcagatttggtacaagtaacaacctttatttactttttatttctgcaactgtgtcttttaacatgaaagaatccagctccattcaaaagtttagtttttattttccattgtggtgcatggtcactcagcctgcagtactgaattatcaaaattttcttttgtcatttctctcatgttaagtgcatagtctattttacttcaacaggtagaaaaacttttgtgggtttgtttctagctcaaggaggaaattcatgggtttgcatctagcacatgagagaacaatattggtctaacacaaagctccttttgtaggatgagcttcacttccttgaaggagctcagcccgtttctcgttctggatgcattaaagagtatgtactactgcccttcatgcattacagatattttgtttttaagtttttagaaatttgaagagcttatgtcaagtatgaaatgtcagcttaattttattgctgtccttatctaatgtcttatgctctgttttataaaatttggttgcattttctcccccagggaaaaatcttgtataagtgtgttatgtacttatgtgtataaaatcttgttgcacttgtatgtcacacttaggccctgtttagatcctccaaaatggcagtttgccattttgaagaaccttttgccattttggatctaaacactagtaacaaaacttggcaatttggcatttggcatttgctagtctatagtagcaaattgtgccaaaaagtgctttggaaccactctctctttctttctctctctcactttagtgctagaatggtaaaagtttaggatgcatctaaacaccaactagtacttttacaatactaaaacttttgccaccaaaacttttgccatttgccatttgctatttcaaatggatctaaacagggccttagcaaatcaccatatgttaaaattaccttgggatgaaaaagaaaaaggaaaccagcattgaagtcttgtttgaaatgcatatgtacttgtaccattacagaaattcttaaaactgctgtcttgacagctacttatcaaacagccccacctgcatcataacgttcctagtggtgcctataactctgcctcagttattattttgtggcccactggtccaacaatttgaaaaaaattatattgaactaaatatattgaacagtagtatgacgtcctctttgcttgagttccatattacagctcacagtcctgagatttgtttcaccgattctttccatgcgatgtgcacatattcttattcaatttaaaaaatgaaagcagattatttttaacaagtaacctatcacgttagcttaacattgtatatttgtggtggaattatgtaatattccgatatcgcatttgaagttttgaacatgtgtgctcaaattgagggacacatgactgtagtgaaagcaaatataaatgtctgagcaatggactatactttgtattcattactacaagttatgtccttttgcaggttgctaatgtcctcttacattacttgtcaggataaatgagtttgttggtacaaaacatgacccactaataccaacgtatggcctctaaactttcagttcccccattttaagcatgttcgctgtttatttacgagttttgacattgttttttccttttccagaaagagaaggaggcacagatcttgccgtctttttcggtggatcgggtatgttttgatccaatatagtttgctcgcaggttctgaggggcaagaacattcaaatatctataatgttttctgttggattcaacattcatcactatttccctcgaaaaaaaagcattcgtcactattggaattgaaagtctgaaagtgcctctagtccctttgtatgttaaaagtcaataaacaagcagtagttttctatatgccacattaatattattgacgcattttaaaaagcaaactagtccagggatgtaatcatctttgttatctaaaactaaaaaaggaaaaactagtgcttttttacattaacattgatttttttgcggctgaaattacatgtagaaactttggcataataatctgtactactgccaaactgagcttttacatggtgaaaatattttccctgcagatcaaaattgtgtatctgcatttcatgtctttgctactgttgcaagtgctcacccaagtgcaaaagaccaaggtgcctcaattgttcttgcagctcatgctgcgacgagccatgctgtaagccaaactgcagtgcgtgctgcgctgggtcatgctgtagtccagactgctgctcatgctgtaaacctaactgcagttgctgcaagaccccttcttgctgcaaaccgaactgctcgtgctcctgtccaagctgcagctcatgctgcgatacatcgtgctgcaaaccgagctgcacctgcttcaacatcttttcatgcttcaaatccctgtacagctgcttcaagatcccttcatgcttcaagtcccagtgcaactgctctagccccaattgctgcacttgcacccttccaagctgtagctgcaagggctgtgcctgtccaagctgtggatgcaacggctgtggctgtccaagctgcggatgcaacggttgtggctgtccaagctgcggttgcaacggctgtggccttccaagctgcggttgcaacggctgcggctcgtgctcttgcgcccaatgcaaacccgattgtggctcgtgctctaccaattgctgtagctgcaagccaagctgcaacggctgctgcggcgagcagtgctgccgctgcgcggactgcttctcctgctcgtgccctcgttgctccagctgcttcaacatcttcaaatgctcctgcgctggctgctgctcgagcctgtgcaagtgcccctgcacgacgcagtgcttcagctgccagtcgtcatgctgcaagcggcagccttcgtgctgcaagtgccagtcgtcttgctgcgaggggcagccttcctgctgcgagggacactgctgcagcctcccgaaaccgtcgtgccctgaatgttcctgtgggtgtgtctggtcttgcaagaattgtacagagggttgtcgatgcccacggtgtcgtaacccatgctgtctcagtggttgcttatgttgatctagatccttttttggttgttgtttttcttgtattttttagttgttaggcctttgattaagttcgaactttcataaatatatggtgtttatcctgtaaagaaatgatgatttcaaggatttttcatagctatgagacgaggttgaacc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001069822.1 RefSeq:Os09g0441900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 9]]
[[Category:Chromosome 9]]

Os10g0404500

2014-06-05T15:29:11Z

Wyl0202: /* Expression */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Sucrose Transporter Gene==
===Function===
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate the active transport of sucrose across plasma membrane barriers in a process that is coupled to proton symport. Since sucrose is the major carbohydrate translocated through the phloem in most plant species, the sucrose/H+ symporters are thought to play important roles in mediating carbon partitioning in plants, for example apoplastic phloem loading in leaves, transport of sucrose into and/or out of temporary storage sinks such as stem tissue and post-phloem transport of sucrose into sink tissue such as seeds.

The rice has five families of sucrose transporters. Despite of the previously reported OsSUT1, four putative sucrose transporter are known as OsSUT2, 3, 4 and 5. OsSUT1 encodes a functional SUT protein that is essential for transport of assimilate into filling rice grains. It has also been proposed that OsSUT1 is involved in transport of assimilate remobilised from starch reserves in leaf sheaths and in germinating seeds. Expression of OsSUT3, 4 and 5 in sink rice leaf suggests that they may be important for supplying sucrose, as a carbon source for growing tissues or possibly to supply sucrose to temporary storage tissues.Unlike the other four OsSUT genes, OsSUT2 seems to be expressed at almost equal levels in various tissues of rice plants.

The five families of sucrose transporters involve in the rice resistance to intermittent drought and secondary soil salinity.

OsSUT1 is the major salt responsive gene of the family of 5 OsSUT-genes，The function of the rice OsSUT1-gene in carbon partitioning, specifically for grain filling and seed germination and early seedling growth.OsSUT1 plays in the transport of assimilate along the entire long-distance pathway, from the flag leaf blade to the base of the filling grain.

===Expression===
The five families all contained a region that is highly conserved in known functional plant SUT genes, including OsSUT1. This domain includes the first membrane spanning helix, the following extracellular loop, the second membrane spanning helix and the next cytoplasmic loop have shown, by site-directed mutagenesis of the ''Arabidopsis'' AtSUC1 protein, that a conserved histidine residue in the extracellular loop is responsible for sucrose binding in the transport process. This histidine residue was also found to be present in all of the putative OsSUT peptides(reference <ref name="ref1" /> ).
.
[[File:SUT_1.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" The functionally important and conserved histidine residue is shown in bold. Dots indicate non-conserved amino acids, and horizontal bars indicate gaps in the sequence alignments(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

OsSUT1 mRNA accumulated to high levels in germinating seeds, source leaf sheaths and panicles, but to very low level in roots. OsSUT2 mRNA accumulated to nearly equal levels in all tissues tested. The expression patterns of OsSUT3 and 5 were found to be similar, the expression level is at its highest in sink leaves and the lowest in germinating seeds. OsSUT4 showed preferential expression in sink leaves(reference <ref name="ref3" /> and reference <ref name="ref4" />).
[[File:SUT_2.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" Analysis of expression of the five OsSUT genes, by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. For each gene, transcript levels in different tissue samples are comparable(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

The gene expression are different when the plants encounter such environmental obstacles, although the five families involved in the sucrose transporters and sucrose transport, they expressed differently in different tissues.OsSUT1 expression appeared to be non-essential for vegetative growth.
[[File:1-s2.0-S0168945211000185-gr4.jpg|''Performance of OsSUT1 anti-sense lines in response to increasing salt concentrations.'']]

===Evolution===
We can express the ''OsSUT'' gene in yeast to test whether it's functional. Choose the yeast strain which is unable to hydrolyse exogenous sucrose but if transformed with a functional SUT, can import sucrose and hydrolyse it internally , allowing it to grow on media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source.
[[File: SUT_3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Test function in yeast(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

There is also a novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporter activity based on the ability of type I SUTs to transport the highly fluorescent molecule esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin β-D-glucoside). Using fluorescence microscopy, we can do the research conveniently.
[[File: SUT_5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Esculin uptake by yeast cells expressing StSUT1 was detected using FACS.(from reference <ref name="ref5" />).. "]]

==Labs working on this gene==
*Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
*CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
*Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Natl Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
*Natl Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rice Res, Niigata 9430193, Japan
*National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Peoples R China
*Department of Rice Research, National Agricultural Research Center, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0193 Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">Lu J M-Y. and Bush D R.(1998) His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. Proc Natl Acad 95: 9025–9030.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Aoki N, Hirose T, Scofield G N, et al.(2003）The Sucrose Transporter Gene Family in Rice. Plant and Cell Physiology 44:223-232.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">Furbank R T, Scofield G N, Hirose T, et al. (2001) Cellular localisation and function of a sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in developing rice grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol 28: 1187–1196.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">Hirose T, Imaizumi N, Scofield G N, et al. (1997) cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 38: 1389–1396.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">Gora P J, Reinders A, Ward J M, et al.(2012)A novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporters. Plant Methods 8:13.</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0404500|
Description = Sucrose transporter|
Version = NM_001071090.1 GI:115481923 GeneID:4348577|
Length = 6221 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0404500, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:14136198..14142418|
CDS = 14136282..14136437,14138096..14138161,14138312..14138410,14139725..14139789,14139915..14139999 ,14140094..14140127,14140244..14140343,14140516..14140591,14140790..14141113 ,14141795..14142310|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaaggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcgatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MAVDMELDGGGDGKGKAPPQISLSGLFLACMVAGGVQYGWALQL SLLTPYVQTLGIPHALTSVMWLCGPIAGLIVQPCVGLYSDKCTSSLGRRRPFILTGCI IICISVIVIGFSSDIGYALGDTTEDCKVYRGPRYHAAAAFILGFWLLDFSNNTVQGPA RALMADLSGRHGPSAANAIFCSWMALGNILGYSSGSTNDWHKWFPFLMTRACCEACAN LKAAFLVAVVFLGLSTAVTMVFAREVALDPVAAAKRNEGEASGLLAVFKGMKNLPVGM PSVLIVTGLTWLSWFPFILFDTDWMGREIYHGRPDGSPAEVTAFQEGVRQGAFGLLLN SIVLGISSFLIEPMCRRLGARAVWVMSSAVVCVAMAAVSVLSAWSLGDFGGSVQDAAR APAEEGGVRASALALFVFLGLPFAVLCSVPFAVTAQLAASRGGGQGLCTGVLNISIVV PQMAIALGAGPWDELFGEGNIPAFAMASVFAAAAAAAGVVLLPKVSVRSVSMAGGH</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>85..240#1899..1964#2115..2213#3528..3592#3718..3802#3897..3930#4047..4146#4319..4394#4593..4916#5598..6113#cttcgatctcttgggatataactagcttagctatagctctagctaaataggttcgtacgtataggatatttgatccattgatcgatggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcaggtatgtgtttaaggcgttttggcctttttcattttcgtctatattcattagcatctatatgaatttgaacacacacacacacacacatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatggattcacgtatgaatctattcaaaacccaaactgtcttaactaataatatggaacagagaacatagtactacttagttgttgtgattgtatatatgtactatacttttcttgtctccaagagggagatttttttttctattgtcttttaactctttattgatgtgaaggtgtaatttgtttgtgtggaaatatttggaggaattccaaatagtattgggaatatcagatttcctcttatgctgcctgtttgctatggctaatcttgatctaactcccacctcaaaaaaaaaacatgtagcttaacatctagctttcatattagcatcctcccaattaagctggttttagctatagcctattttatggtgtttttactcattatgttcctttggaaagcaacaatataattgttttcctcattcttgtagagttgaattaattcctgtgaaaatctgaaaaaaattgtgtgtacaattccagcatttctaaacaaaagcttgaacatttgctaatatacagttttcaaaagaaaaattttggaactggatttcacgattcatttttccaaggcacttgtcctgcaaaaagttctatagctgtaatatgggcaattccttgagtaataagtcatttatttcaccgcaagttcttgcgtagttgtggtgtaggtcagattgtttttatccatgaacttattacttctgtaaattaatttggtatatattgttaagttcagctatatcctggtaatagaaaatgaatgtttttattagtaaaagttttttttataaaatgaaatgaattcatttctatgtttaggagtaaagcattgtctagcacagcaagggactgtaactaaaaatggtatgtgagttgtttcatttttgttctaactgaaccatggcaccatataacaaagtattaatcttgaataaagtcaccagatgttattttttggtcaaaataaaaaggcattttccatatatttacaatcatactaccaaattaaaattatactccctccggtttttaatgtaccacgtcattaacttttagacatatgtttgaactttttgtgttattaaaaaaataatgcaaatacgtacatattatcaagattgcggtagattcagatcaattttcttgtgtggcttgttttggcctaggagtacacggactaaccaagttattgtatcaaaatgaacaacctacaagttgttgtatctatttgcacccaccacgcaagttcatgtaccatgagcacaatttactccttatattatctttaatataaaacaaatcaaaacaaaataaatatttattacataattcttttaataagacaaatgatcaaacatcgtccaaaagtcaacagcgtcgtacatgcatggaaaacctgagggagtacccttgttgtgctttgataaaatccagcatgaactaattactaatttctcttcatatatgtgcatggcttaattcattcactaacttcatttcactatcactttgtttggaacagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgtaagtagtgccctatctatggcgatgtcatatatcattccctggtcttaaaaaaagaaaactcacaaaattatatcaagatttatgatttcagaaacatgatccctcaaagtacgttttctcctcacgtttgtgcctttcatcctgcaggttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgagaaaaacccaattatcatccaactactctcttcgtttcatattataaatcgtttaaacttttttttaagttaaacttgttttaaaaaattttgatcatcaaatgtatataaaaatatagtaatatttatagcaccaatttgcactacattcccagtgtcctgcaaccaaattgatagagagatattcgcggcagccacgaccatcaccctatgagatagaaagacggcgagtttctgcactcgcacaggcttgaaaacaagattcctaagacaatggcaccggccatctacgcatcttcaaggtgaaagaatcaaatagtttgcgaggccctctcctctaacactttgattcgtgacatctgactgctacaaatcacaacagtagatcacctaagtcagtatgtcgagctatggaccatgatccagagaataggccccttaggatactagagagacaccatcacttagaagtttacagcaaatggtgaatagtcggcaaaatcggcttatcagctacaattcctatgtgcagtaggaacggtgttcaatcaaacaatttggaaatgttaggcgcccctaaagtgcaaatttttcatatagttggtcatccaaaatagggtgtggacggctgataggctatagaagagaggttagcaaaaccaaagagtctgccccttctatagagtatcacaggaaacgacaatccatcttatcgcaaaatgcaggctctctataaggatttagacagccatacaacattgggcgagcatagacctcaaaatacaagattgggacgcttgcgcttcgatggaagaatggtggaagagggttcttcacacaccgcacatccccaaaggacctttaaaatccctgattatcctggtgggttgggagctctggtgtgagagaaacactaggatattccgccacgtggctaccaccctgacaaccatcatcgctaaaatcaaagaagaggggttggcctggatcaaagtgggatcaaagtgggagccgcaaaagctcgttgagttaacttcgttggaagaaccctatagtttctccttctgtgggctctttttttttatggcaggccctgtaaataactctttttttggttgtttgttttttctcctactctatcaatatatgcaaggtaaagctttcgtctttttttttaaaaaaaaagtgcactatatctaacaattcataaatttagttaaaactaaagtgacttaaaagttaaaaaaactaataatatgaaacggaggtaagtagttagttatttgattaactaattacatgactgacaggtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaagtaattaagctgctcgatcactgacagtgacagagcttgatgaattcgctgattaaatcattggtcgattagtaagcaaaatttcaggattcggactcgctaatcgagcgacttaatccatccagggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcaggtatgcagcctgaagaagaagaaagaaaactctcagctctgaatccatctgaaactctgaataatctgcaatgtgatatatgattctcgcgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtgagtcgtgagaagattaacaccagattttatacctgatttgatgacagattagttgtgttcttggttttggttttctgaattttgttgcttactgaacattggaatatattcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtcggtgatcgatcgctgatgactacagctgctctgaattttctcatcatcaaaatcatctatggaatgctaaatcagcagctttgatcagttcttgatgccaatttttttttctaagaaaaatgaacggaatgctatattcatagtggaattgcattgcatgtggccgcaggtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtaattattttatttaattaaaagctgcagcttttatacaactatagtaccttcaaaattgaaggtttttacgtgacatgtatttttttctattacacgaaagacgatgcgtaatgcatcatggaacacacattcaagacaagaccagcgacaaaatctctaaaattactaaatttgattttgatgtaatgtgcgcaggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcggtcagatcgagctatccatcaattacttgcctttttttctctccggtttaaaatatttgatgttaagaataatatttaaattattttttaaaaaataaaattgacctaaaacctaaagttttgaattgtgatagtgttaatacttttcgaggcaaatatgcacataaaagttttctttttctacttttttaactaacaatttgaaaaatgatttaactgtcaagttttcaaaatcctgatcaaatcttttccctgaacgtctattattttcttttacggagactgtatctactagctacttcattccacgttataataataagacgttatgatatcaccgttactcgtatagattcactatctttcatatgaatctaaacacatatataatacacacgaattaatctatacgttaatctttactacttaaaacaatgaagatgtttcttcgtccatccaaataaaaaaaaagcaaaaaaaaacataaaatgaaaggggaggcaaataaaaaaccggtgagccgaaaagaggtacaccgagcagagtgaaggaatgagtgtttggtccaaaaccaaggaaatacaatgtataggataaagctgttgtaacacacagtcattttttcattccattgaaaacactaaacgtcttgttgaactgacacgtcggcaatggccgcagatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactgatcactactagtctatcaccctttttttttccgtggttttaaatctcccgctatagctgctgctatctccagttagagcgggtactatagcaggctataagccagctgt</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071090.1 RefSeq:Os10g0404500]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

File:1-s2.0-S0168945211000185-gr4.jpg

2014-06-05T15:25:53Z

Wyl0202:

Os01g0197700

2014-06-05T13:38:25Z

Wyl0202: /* References */

Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2). Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
[[File:Eeee.jpg|right|thumb|350px| ''
QTL analysis and molecular cloning. (A) Gross morphology of Koshihikari and Habataki at maturity.(D) Comparison of grain number in the main panicle of Koshihikari (Ko), Habataki (Ha), and 5150. (H) High-resolution linkage map of Gn1a. (I) OsCKX2 structure and mutation sites in Habataki (blue) and 5150 (red). (K) Comparison of grain number per main panicle in nontransgenic and transgenic lines. 2 copy CKX2, transgenic <ref name="ref1" />).'']]
Expression level of OsCKX2 can influence the amount of phytohormone cytokinin,Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.Transgenic plants carrying two copies of the sense strand of OsCKX2 that was highly expressed showed reduced grain numbers compared to TC65. However, transgenic plants with antisense strands of OsCKX2 that had reduced levels of expression developed higher grain numbers.
OsCKX2 reduce CKX activity in Habataki, NIL-Gn1a, and 5150, and the increased production of CK conjugates to reduce the overall CK activity .

===Protein Structure===
[[File:搜狗截图14年05月23日1804 1.png|left|thumb|550px| ''Conserved domains on OsCKX2.'']]

The OsCKX2 of Koshihikari and Habataki consist of four exons and three introns and encode proteins of 565 or 563 amino acids, respectively. the region between 74 – 255 is FAD-binding PCMH-type domian. it has UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity, cytokinin dehydrogenase activity and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding.<ref name="ref2" />

===Expression===
[[File:Dfghjj.png|left|thumb|150px| ''Expression profile of OsCKX2.'']]
transgenic rice harboring an OsCKX2 promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct. GUS expression was observed mainly in the vascular tissue in developing culms, inflorescence meristems, and young flowers in the T2 generation of transgenic plants . The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem . The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems<ref name="ref1" />.
The expression of OsCKX2 will directly influence the amount of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase which degrades the phytohormone cytokinin, so the expression level of OsCKX2 will directly affect the Rice Grain Production by causeing cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs.The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem (35). The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems.
[[File:F3.medium.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Phenotypic characterization of NIL-QTLs(from reference <ref name="ref3" />).'']]
[[File:F3.medium.gif]]

===Evolution===
[[File:Fggg.png|right|thumb|250px| ''Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.'']]
Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.<ref name="ref1" />

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.
*Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
*Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">
Ashikari, M., Sakakibara, H., Lin, S., Yamamoto, T., Takashi, T., Nishimura, A., ... & Matsuoka, M. (2005). Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production. Science, 309(5735), 741-745.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q4ADV8</ref>
</references>
<ref name="ref3">
Functional Identification of OsHk6 as a Homotypic Cytokinin Receptor in Rice with Preferential Affinity for iP.</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0197700|
Description = OsCKX2，cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase|
Version =AB205193.1 GI:71609872.(gene version=Gene ID: 4327334)|
Length = 1698 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group OsCKX2 mRNA for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, complete cds.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:5273310..5274501|
CDS = 1..625,717..1192|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgaagcaagagcaggtcaggatggcagtgctcctcatgctcaactgcttcgtcaaggccacggcgccgccgccatggccgccgtcggcttcgtccgcctccttcctcgacgacctcggcgacctcggcatcgcgccgctcatccgcgccgacgaggcgggcaccgcgcgcgcctccgccgactttggcaacctctccgtcgccggcgtcggggcgcctcggctcgccgccgccgccgccgtgctctacccgtcgcgccccgccgacatcgccgcgctgctgcgcgcgtcgtgcgcacgcccggcgccgttcgcggtgtccgcgcgggggtgtggccactcggtgcacggccaggcctccgcgcccgacggcgtcgtcgtcgacatggcgtcgctcggccgcctgcagggcggcggcgcgcggcgcctcgccgtgtcagtggaggggcggtacgtcgacgccggcggcgagcagctgtgggtggacgtgctgcgcgcgtccatggcgcacgggctcacgccggtgtcgtggacagactacctccacctcaccgtcggcggcacgctgtccaacgccggcatcagcggccaggccttccgccatggcccccagatttccaacgtgctagagctcgacgtcatcaccggtgtcggggagatggtgacgtgctcgaaggagaaggcgccggacctgttcgacgcggtgctgggcgggctggggcagttcggcgtcatcacgcgggcgcgcatcccgctcgcgccggcgccggcgagggcgcggtgggtgcggttcgtgtacacgacggcggcggcgatgacggccgaccaggagcgcctcatcgccgtcgatcgcgccggcggcgccggcgcggtgggcgggctgatggactacgtcgagggctcggtccacctgaaccagggcctggtcgagacctggcgcacgcagccgcagccgccttcgccgtcctcctcctcctcctcatccttcttctccgacgccgacgaggcccgcgtcgccgcgctcgccaaggaggccggcggcgtgctgtatttcctcgagggcgccatctacttcggcggcgccgccgggccgtccgccgccgacgttgacaagaggatggatgtgctgcgtcgcgagctgcggcacgagcgcgggttcgtgttcgcgcaggacgtggcgtacgccgggttcctggaccgcgtccacgacggcgagctcaagctccgcgccgcggggctctgggacgtgccgcacccatggctgaacctgttcctcccccgctccggcgtcctcgccttcgccgacggcgtcttccacggcatcctcagccgcacccccgccatgggccccgtcctcatctaccccatgaaccgcaacaagtgggacagtaacatgtcggcagtgatcaccgacgacgacggtgacgaggtgttctacacggtggggatcctgcggtcggcggcggcggccggcgacgtggggaggctggaggagcagaacgacgagatcttgggtttctgcgaggtggccgggatagcctacaagcagtacctgccttactacggcagccaggcagagtggcagaagcggcacttcggtgccaatctctggccaagattcgtgcagcggaagagcaagtatgatccaaaggccatcctgtcccgtggccaggggattttcacgtcaccactcgcatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MKQEQVRMAVLLMLNCFVKATAPPPWPPSASSASFLDDLGDLGI
APLIRADEAGTARASADFGNLSVAGVGAPRLAAAAAVLYPSRPADIAALLRASCARPA
PFAVSARGCGHSVHGQASAPDGVVVDMASLGRLQGGGARRLAVSVEGRYVDAGGEQLW
VDVLRASMAHGLTPVSWTDYLHLTVGGTLSNAGISGQAFRHGPQISNVLELDVITGVG
EMVTCSKEKAPDLFDAVLGGLGQFGVITRARIPLAPAPARARWVRFVYTTAAAMTADQ
ERLIAVDRAGGAGAVGGLMDYVEGSVHLNQGLVETWRTQPQPPSPSSSSSSSFFSDAD
EARVAALAKEAGGVLYFLEGAIYFGGAAGPSAADVDKRMDVLRRELRHERGFVFAQDV
AYAGFLDRVHDGELKLRAAGLWDVPHPWLNLFLPRSGVLAFADGVFHGILSRTPAMGP
VLIYPMNRNKWDSNMSAVITDDDGDEVFYTVGILRSAAAAGDVGRLEEQNDEILGFCE
VAGIAYKQYLPYYGSQAEWQKRHFGANLWPRFVQRKSKYDPKAILSRGQGIFTSPLA</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>1..625#717..1192#ATGGCAGTGCTCCTCATGCTCAACTGCTTCGTCAAGGCCACGGCGCCGCCGCCATGGCCGCCGTCGGCTT
CGTCCGCCTCCTTCCTCGACGACCTCGGCGACCTCGGCATCGCGCCGCTCATCCGCGCCGACGAGGCGGG
CACCGCGCGCGCCTCCGCCGACTTTGGCAACCTCTCCGTCGCCGGCGTCGGGGCGCCTCGGCTCGCCGCC
GCCGCCGCCGTGCTCTACCCGTCGCGCCCCGCCGACATCGCCGCGCTGCTGCGCGCGTCGTGCGCACGCC
CGGCGCCGTTCGCGGTGTCCGCGCGGGGGTGTGGCCACTCGGTGCACGGCCAGGCCTCCGCGCCCGACGG
CGTCGTCGTCGACATGGCGTCGCTCGGCCGCCTGCAGGGCGGCGGCGCGCGGCGCCTCGCCGTGTCAGTG
GAGGGGCGGTACGTCGACGCCGGCGGCGAGCAGCTGTGGGTGGACGTGCTGCGCGCGTCCATGGCGCACG
GGCTCACGCCGGTGTCGTGGACAGACTACCTCCACCTCACCGTCGGCGGCACGCTGTCCAACGCCGGCAT
CAGCGGCCAGGCCTTCCGCCATGGCCCCCAGATTTCCAACGTGCTAGAGCTCGACGTCATCACCGGTACG
TAGATCCATCACATCTACTAAGACACGCGCCGCCATGATCGAGGTAATTAAGGTATAGGTGTTTTGACGT
ATACATGTATCTGCAGGTGTCGGGGAGATGGTGACGTGCTCGAAGGAGAAGGCGCCGGACCTGTTCGACG
CGGTGCTGGGCGGGCTGGGGCAGTTCGGCGTCATCACGCGGGCGCGCATCCCGCTCGCGCCGGCGCCGGC
GAGGGCGCGGTGGGTGCGGTTCGTGTACACGACGGCGGCGGCGATGACGGCCGACCAGGAGCGCCTCATC
GCCGTCGATCGCGCCGGCGGCGCCGGCGCGGTGGGCGGGCTGATGGACTACGTCGAGGGCTCGGTCCACC
TGAACCAGGGCCTGGTCGAGACCTGGCGCACGCAGCCGCAGCCGCCTTCGCCGTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTC
ATCCTTCTTCTCCGACGCCGACGAGGCCCGCGTCGCCGCGCTCGCCAAGGAGGCCGGCGGCGTGCTGTAT
TTCCTCGAGGGCGCCATCTACTTCGGCGGCGCCGCCGGGCCGTCCGCCGCCGACGTTGACAAGGTATACT
AG
</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_008394.3?report=fasta&from=5273310&to=5274501&strand=true]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

Os01g0197700

2014-06-05T13:27:21Z

Wyl0202: /* Expression */

Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2). Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
[[File:Eeee.jpg|right|thumb|350px| ''
QTL analysis and molecular cloning. (A) Gross morphology of Koshihikari and Habataki at maturity.(D) Comparison of grain number in the main panicle of Koshihikari (Ko), Habataki (Ha), and 5150. (H) High-resolution linkage map of Gn1a. (I) OsCKX2 structure and mutation sites in Habataki (blue) and 5150 (red). (K) Comparison of grain number per main panicle in nontransgenic and transgenic lines. 2 copy CKX2, transgenic <ref name="ref1" />).'']]
Expression level of OsCKX2 can influence the amount of phytohormone cytokinin,Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.Transgenic plants carrying two copies of the sense strand of OsCKX2 that was highly expressed showed reduced grain numbers compared to TC65. However, transgenic plants with antisense strands of OsCKX2 that had reduced levels of expression developed higher grain numbers.
OsCKX2 reduce CKX activity in Habataki, NIL-Gn1a, and 5150, and the increased production of CK conjugates to reduce the overall CK activity .

===Protein Structure===
[[File:搜狗截图14年05月23日1804 1.png|left|thumb|550px| ''Conserved domains on OsCKX2.'']]

The OsCKX2 of Koshihikari and Habataki consist of four exons and three introns and encode proteins of 565 or 563 amino acids, respectively. the region between 74 – 255 is FAD-binding PCMH-type domian. it has UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity, cytokinin dehydrogenase activity and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding.<ref name="ref2" />

===Expression===
[[File:Dfghjj.png|left|thumb|150px| ''Expression profile of OsCKX2.'']]
transgenic rice harboring an OsCKX2 promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct. GUS expression was observed mainly in the vascular tissue in developing culms, inflorescence meristems, and young flowers in the T2 generation of transgenic plants . The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem . The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems<ref name="ref1" />.
The expression of OsCKX2 will directly influence the amount of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase which degrades the phytohormone cytokinin, so the expression level of OsCKX2 will directly affect the Rice Grain Production by causeing cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs.The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem (35). The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems.
[[File:F3.medium.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Phenotypic characterization of NIL-QTLs(from reference <ref name="ref3" />).'']]
[[File:F3.medium.gif]]

===Evolution===
[[File:Fggg.png|right|thumb|250px| ''Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.'']]
Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.<ref name="ref1" />

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.
*Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
*Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">
Ashikari, M., Sakakibara, H., Lin, S., Yamamoto, T., Takashi, T., Nishimura, A., ... & Matsuoka, M. (2005). Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production. Science, 309(5735), 741-745.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q4ADV8</ref>
</references>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0197700|
Description = OsCKX2，cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase|
Version =AB205193.1 GI:71609872.(gene version=Gene ID: 4327334)|
Length = 1698 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group OsCKX2 mRNA for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, complete cds.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:5273310..5274501|
CDS = 1..625,717..1192|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgaagcaagagcaggtcaggatggcagtgctcctcatgctcaactgcttcgtcaaggccacggcgccgccgccatggccgccgtcggcttcgtccgcctccttcctcgacgacctcggcgacctcggcatcgcgccgctcatccgcgccgacgaggcgggcaccgcgcgcgcctccgccgactttggcaacctctccgtcgccggcgtcggggcgcctcggctcgccgccgccgccgccgtgctctacccgtcgcgccccgccgacatcgccgcgctgctgcgcgcgtcgtgcgcacgcccggcgccgttcgcggtgtccgcgcgggggtgtggccactcggtgcacggccaggcctccgcgcccgacggcgtcgtcgtcgacatggcgtcgctcggccgcctgcagggcggcggcgcgcggcgcctcgccgtgtcagtggaggggcggtacgtcgacgccggcggcgagcagctgtgggtggacgtgctgcgcgcgtccatggcgcacgggctcacgccggtgtcgtggacagactacctccacctcaccgtcggcggcacgctgtccaacgccggcatcagcggccaggccttccgccatggcccccagatttccaacgtgctagagctcgacgtcatcaccggtgtcggggagatggtgacgtgctcgaaggagaaggcgccggacctgttcgacgcggtgctgggcgggctggggcagttcggcgtcatcacgcgggcgcgcatcccgctcgcgccggcgccggcgagggcgcggtgggtgcggttcgtgtacacgacggcggcggcgatgacggccgaccaggagcgcctcatcgccgtcgatcgcgccggcggcgccggcgcggtgggcgggctgatggactacgtcgagggctcggtccacctgaaccagggcctggtcgagacctggcgcacgcagccgcagccgccttcgccgtcctcctcctcctcctcatccttcttctccgacgccgacgaggcccgcgtcgccgcgctcgccaaggaggccggcggcgtgctgtatttcctcgagggcgccatctacttcggcggcgccgccgggccgtccgccgccgacgttgacaagaggatggatgtgctgcgtcgcgagctgcggcacgagcgcgggttcgtgttcgcgcaggacgtggcgtacgccgggttcctggaccgcgtccacgacggcgagctcaagctccgcgccgcggggctctgggacgtgccgcacccatggctgaacctgttcctcccccgctccggcgtcctcgccttcgccgacggcgtcttccacggcatcctcagccgcacccccgccatgggccccgtcctcatctaccccatgaaccgcaacaagtgggacagtaacatgtcggcagtgatcaccgacgacgacggtgacgaggtgttctacacggtggggatcctgcggtcggcggcggcggccggcgacgtggggaggctggaggagcagaacgacgagatcttgggtttctgcgaggtggccgggatagcctacaagcagtacctgccttactacggcagccaggcagagtggcagaagcggcacttcggtgccaatctctggccaagattcgtgcagcggaagagcaagtatgatccaaaggccatcctgtcccgtggccaggggattttcacgtcaccactcgcatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MKQEQVRMAVLLMLNCFVKATAPPPWPPSASSASFLDDLGDLGI
APLIRADEAGTARASADFGNLSVAGVGAPRLAAAAAVLYPSRPADIAALLRASCARPA
PFAVSARGCGHSVHGQASAPDGVVVDMASLGRLQGGGARRLAVSVEGRYVDAGGEQLW
VDVLRASMAHGLTPVSWTDYLHLTVGGTLSNAGISGQAFRHGPQISNVLELDVITGVG
EMVTCSKEKAPDLFDAVLGGLGQFGVITRARIPLAPAPARARWVRFVYTTAAAMTADQ
ERLIAVDRAGGAGAVGGLMDYVEGSVHLNQGLVETWRTQPQPPSPSSSSSSSFFSDAD
EARVAALAKEAGGVLYFLEGAIYFGGAAGPSAADVDKRMDVLRRELRHERGFVFAQDV
AYAGFLDRVHDGELKLRAAGLWDVPHPWLNLFLPRSGVLAFADGVFHGILSRTPAMGP
VLIYPMNRNKWDSNMSAVITDDDGDEVFYTVGILRSAAAAGDVGRLEEQNDEILGFCE
VAGIAYKQYLPYYGSQAEWQKRHFGANLWPRFVQRKSKYDPKAILSRGQGIFTSPLA</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>1..625#717..1192#ATGGCAGTGCTCCTCATGCTCAACTGCTTCGTCAAGGCCACGGCGCCGCCGCCATGGCCGCCGTCGGCTT
CGTCCGCCTCCTTCCTCGACGACCTCGGCGACCTCGGCATCGCGCCGCTCATCCGCGCCGACGAGGCGGG
CACCGCGCGCGCCTCCGCCGACTTTGGCAACCTCTCCGTCGCCGGCGTCGGGGCGCCTCGGCTCGCCGCC
GCCGCCGCCGTGCTCTACCCGTCGCGCCCCGCCGACATCGCCGCGCTGCTGCGCGCGTCGTGCGCACGCC
CGGCGCCGTTCGCGGTGTCCGCGCGGGGGTGTGGCCACTCGGTGCACGGCCAGGCCTCCGCGCCCGACGG
CGTCGTCGTCGACATGGCGTCGCTCGGCCGCCTGCAGGGCGGCGGCGCGCGGCGCCTCGCCGTGTCAGTG
GAGGGGCGGTACGTCGACGCCGGCGGCGAGCAGCTGTGGGTGGACGTGCTGCGCGCGTCCATGGCGCACG
GGCTCACGCCGGTGTCGTGGACAGACTACCTCCACCTCACCGTCGGCGGCACGCTGTCCAACGCCGGCAT
CAGCGGCCAGGCCTTCCGCCATGGCCCCCAGATTTCCAACGTGCTAGAGCTCGACGTCATCACCGGTACG
TAGATCCATCACATCTACTAAGACACGCGCCGCCATGATCGAGGTAATTAAGGTATAGGTGTTTTGACGT
ATACATGTATCTGCAGGTGTCGGGGAGATGGTGACGTGCTCGAAGGAGAAGGCGCCGGACCTGTTCGACG
CGGTGCTGGGCGGGCTGGGGCAGTTCGGCGTCATCACGCGGGCGCGCATCCCGCTCGCGCCGGCGCCGGC
GAGGGCGCGGTGGGTGCGGTTCGTGTACACGACGGCGGCGGCGATGACGGCCGACCAGGAGCGCCTCATC
GCCGTCGATCGCGCCGGCGGCGCCGGCGCGGTGGGCGGGCTGATGGACTACGTCGAGGGCTCGGTCCACC
TGAACCAGGGCCTGGTCGAGACCTGGCGCACGCAGCCGCAGCCGCCTTCGCCGTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTC
ATCCTTCTTCTCCGACGCCGACGAGGCCCGCGTCGCCGCGCTCGCCAAGGAGGCCGGCGGCGTGCTGTAT
TTCCTCGAGGGCGCCATCTACTTCGGCGGCGCCGCCGGGCCGTCCGCCGCCGACGTTGACAAGGTATACT
AG
</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_008394.3?report=fasta&from=5273310&to=5274501&strand=true]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

File:F3.medium.gif

2014-06-05T13:25:12Z

Wyl0202: uploaded a new version of "File:F3.medium.gif"

Phenotypic characterization of NIL-QTLs. (A) Plant morphologies and chromosome maps of Koshihikari, NIL-sd1, NIL-Gn1, and NIL-sd1+Gn1. White and red scale bars indicate 1 m and 20 cm, respectively. (B) Comparison of plant height, (C) grain number in the main panicle, and (D) grain number in whole plants for Koshihikari, NIL-sd1, NIL-Gn1, and NIL-sd1+Gn1. Values in (B) to (D) are means with SD (n = 10 plants).

Os01g0197700

2014-06-05T13:22:08Z

Wyl0202: /* Expression */

Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2). Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
[[File:Eeee.jpg|right|thumb|350px| ''
QTL analysis and molecular cloning. (A) Gross morphology of Koshihikari and Habataki at maturity.(D) Comparison of grain number in the main panicle of Koshihikari (Ko), Habataki (Ha), and 5150. (H) High-resolution linkage map of Gn1a. (I) OsCKX2 structure and mutation sites in Habataki (blue) and 5150 (red). (K) Comparison of grain number per main panicle in nontransgenic and transgenic lines. 2 copy CKX2, transgenic <ref name="ref1" />).'']]
Expression level of OsCKX2 can influence the amount of phytohormone cytokinin,Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.Transgenic plants carrying two copies of the sense strand of OsCKX2 that was highly expressed showed reduced grain numbers compared to TC65. However, transgenic plants with antisense strands of OsCKX2 that had reduced levels of expression developed higher grain numbers.
OsCKX2 reduce CKX activity in Habataki, NIL-Gn1a, and 5150, and the increased production of CK conjugates to reduce the overall CK activity .

===Protein Structure===
[[File:搜狗截图14年05月23日1804 1.png|left|thumb|550px| ''Conserved domains on OsCKX2.'']]

The OsCKX2 of Koshihikari and Habataki consist of four exons and three introns and encode proteins of 565 or 563 amino acids, respectively. the region between 74 – 255 is FAD-binding PCMH-type domian. it has UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity, cytokinin dehydrogenase activity and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding.<ref name="ref2" />

===Expression===
[[File:Dfghjj.png|left|thumb|150px| ''Expression profile of OsCKX2.'']]
transgenic rice harboring an OsCKX2 promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct. GUS expression was observed mainly in the vascular tissue in developing culms, inflorescence meristems, and young flowers in the T2 generation of transgenic plants . The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem . The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems<ref name="ref1" />.
The expression of OsCKX2 will directly influence the amount of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase which degrades the phytohormone cytokinin, so the expression level of OsCKX2 will directly affect the Rice Grain Production by causeing cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs.The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem (35). The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems.
[[File:F3.medium.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Phenotypic characterization of NIL-QTLs(from reference <ref name="ref3" />).'']]

===Evolution===
[[File:Fggg.png|right|thumb|250px| ''Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.'']]
Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.<ref name="ref1" />

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.
*Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
*Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">
Ashikari, M., Sakakibara, H., Lin, S., Yamamoto, T., Takashi, T., Nishimura, A., ... & Matsuoka, M. (2005). Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production. Science, 309(5735), 741-745.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q4ADV8</ref>
</references>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0197700|
Description = OsCKX2，cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase|
Version =AB205193.1 GI:71609872.(gene version=Gene ID: 4327334)|
Length = 1698 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group OsCKX2 mRNA for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, complete cds.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:5273310..5274501|
CDS = 1..625,717..1192|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgaagcaagagcaggtcaggatggcagtgctcctcatgctcaactgcttcgtcaaggccacggcgccgccgccatggccgccgtcggcttcgtccgcctccttcctcgacgacctcggcgacctcggcatcgcgccgctcatccgcgccgacgaggcgggcaccgcgcgcgcctccgccgactttggcaacctctccgtcgccggcgtcggggcgcctcggctcgccgccgccgccgccgtgctctacccgtcgcgccccgccgacatcgccgcgctgctgcgcgcgtcgtgcgcacgcccggcgccgttcgcggtgtccgcgcgggggtgtggccactcggtgcacggccaggcctccgcgcccgacggcgtcgtcgtcgacatggcgtcgctcggccgcctgcagggcggcggcgcgcggcgcctcgccgtgtcagtggaggggcggtacgtcgacgccggcggcgagcagctgtgggtggacgtgctgcgcgcgtccatggcgcacgggctcacgccggtgtcgtggacagactacctccacctcaccgtcggcggcacgctgtccaacgccggcatcagcggccaggccttccgccatggcccccagatttccaacgtgctagagctcgacgtcatcaccggtgtcggggagatggtgacgtgctcgaaggagaaggcgccggacctgttcgacgcggtgctgggcgggctggggcagttcggcgtcatcacgcgggcgcgcatcccgctcgcgccggcgccggcgagggcgcggtgggtgcggttcgtgtacacgacggcggcggcgatgacggccgaccaggagcgcctcatcgccgtcgatcgcgccggcggcgccggcgcggtgggcgggctgatggactacgtcgagggctcggtccacctgaaccagggcctggtcgagacctggcgcacgcagccgcagccgccttcgccgtcctcctcctcctcctcatccttcttctccgacgccgacgaggcccgcgtcgccgcgctcgccaaggaggccggcggcgtgctgtatttcctcgagggcgccatctacttcggcggcgccgccgggccgtccgccgccgacgttgacaagaggatggatgtgctgcgtcgcgagctgcggcacgagcgcgggttcgtgttcgcgcaggacgtggcgtacgccgggttcctggaccgcgtccacgacggcgagctcaagctccgcgccgcggggctctgggacgtgccgcacccatggctgaacctgttcctcccccgctccggcgtcctcgccttcgccgacggcgtcttccacggcatcctcagccgcacccccgccatgggccccgtcctcatctaccccatgaaccgcaacaagtgggacagtaacatgtcggcagtgatcaccgacgacgacggtgacgaggtgttctacacggtggggatcctgcggtcggcggcggcggccggcgacgtggggaggctggaggagcagaacgacgagatcttgggtttctgcgaggtggccgggatagcctacaagcagtacctgccttactacggcagccaggcagagtggcagaagcggcacttcggtgccaatctctggccaagattcgtgcagcggaagagcaagtatgatccaaaggccatcctgtcccgtggccaggggattttcacgtcaccactcgcatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MKQEQVRMAVLLMLNCFVKATAPPPWPPSASSASFLDDLGDLGI
APLIRADEAGTARASADFGNLSVAGVGAPRLAAAAAVLYPSRPADIAALLRASCARPA
PFAVSARGCGHSVHGQASAPDGVVVDMASLGRLQGGGARRLAVSVEGRYVDAGGEQLW
VDVLRASMAHGLTPVSWTDYLHLTVGGTLSNAGISGQAFRHGPQISNVLELDVITGVG
EMVTCSKEKAPDLFDAVLGGLGQFGVITRARIPLAPAPARARWVRFVYTTAAAMTADQ
ERLIAVDRAGGAGAVGGLMDYVEGSVHLNQGLVETWRTQPQPPSPSSSSSSSFFSDAD
EARVAALAKEAGGVLYFLEGAIYFGGAAGPSAADVDKRMDVLRRELRHERGFVFAQDV
AYAGFLDRVHDGELKLRAAGLWDVPHPWLNLFLPRSGVLAFADGVFHGILSRTPAMGP
VLIYPMNRNKWDSNMSAVITDDDGDEVFYTVGILRSAAAAGDVGRLEEQNDEILGFCE
VAGIAYKQYLPYYGSQAEWQKRHFGANLWPRFVQRKSKYDPKAILSRGQGIFTSPLA</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>1..625#717..1192#ATGGCAGTGCTCCTCATGCTCAACTGCTTCGTCAAGGCCACGGCGCCGCCGCCATGGCCGCCGTCGGCTT
CGTCCGCCTCCTTCCTCGACGACCTCGGCGACCTCGGCATCGCGCCGCTCATCCGCGCCGACGAGGCGGG
CACCGCGCGCGCCTCCGCCGACTTTGGCAACCTCTCCGTCGCCGGCGTCGGGGCGCCTCGGCTCGCCGCC
GCCGCCGCCGTGCTCTACCCGTCGCGCCCCGCCGACATCGCCGCGCTGCTGCGCGCGTCGTGCGCACGCC
CGGCGCCGTTCGCGGTGTCCGCGCGGGGGTGTGGCCACTCGGTGCACGGCCAGGCCTCCGCGCCCGACGG
CGTCGTCGTCGACATGGCGTCGCTCGGCCGCCTGCAGGGCGGCGGCGCGCGGCGCCTCGCCGTGTCAGTG
GAGGGGCGGTACGTCGACGCCGGCGGCGAGCAGCTGTGGGTGGACGTGCTGCGCGCGTCCATGGCGCACG
GGCTCACGCCGGTGTCGTGGACAGACTACCTCCACCTCACCGTCGGCGGCACGCTGTCCAACGCCGGCAT
CAGCGGCCAGGCCTTCCGCCATGGCCCCCAGATTTCCAACGTGCTAGAGCTCGACGTCATCACCGGTACG
TAGATCCATCACATCTACTAAGACACGCGCCGCCATGATCGAGGTAATTAAGGTATAGGTGTTTTGACGT
ATACATGTATCTGCAGGTGTCGGGGAGATGGTGACGTGCTCGAAGGAGAAGGCGCCGGACCTGTTCGACG
CGGTGCTGGGCGGGCTGGGGCAGTTCGGCGTCATCACGCGGGCGCGCATCCCGCTCGCGCCGGCGCCGGC
GAGGGCGCGGTGGGTGCGGTTCGTGTACACGACGGCGGCGGCGATGACGGCCGACCAGGAGCGCCTCATC
GCCGTCGATCGCGCCGGCGGCGCCGGCGCGGTGGGCGGGCTGATGGACTACGTCGAGGGCTCGGTCCACC
TGAACCAGGGCCTGGTCGAGACCTGGCGCACGCAGCCGCAGCCGCCTTCGCCGTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTC
ATCCTTCTTCTCCGACGCCGACGAGGCCCGCGTCGCCGCGCTCGCCAAGGAGGCCGGCGGCGTGCTGTAT
TTCCTCGAGGGCGCCATCTACTTCGGCGGCGCCGCCGGGCCGTCCGCCGCCGACGTTGACAAGGTATACT
AG
</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_008394.3?report=fasta&from=5273310&to=5274501&strand=true]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

Os01g0197700

2014-06-05T13:17:44Z

Wyl0202: /* Expression */

Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2). Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
[[File:Eeee.jpg|right|thumb|350px| ''
QTL analysis and molecular cloning. (A) Gross morphology of Koshihikari and Habataki at maturity.(D) Comparison of grain number in the main panicle of Koshihikari (Ko), Habataki (Ha), and 5150. (H) High-resolution linkage map of Gn1a. (I) OsCKX2 structure and mutation sites in Habataki (blue) and 5150 (red). (K) Comparison of grain number per main panicle in nontransgenic and transgenic lines. 2 copy CKX2, transgenic <ref name="ref1" />).'']]
Expression level of OsCKX2 can influence the amount of phytohormone cytokinin,Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.Transgenic plants carrying two copies of the sense strand of OsCKX2 that was highly expressed showed reduced grain numbers compared to TC65. However, transgenic plants with antisense strands of OsCKX2 that had reduced levels of expression developed higher grain numbers.
OsCKX2 reduce CKX activity in Habataki, NIL-Gn1a, and 5150, and the increased production of CK conjugates to reduce the overall CK activity .

===Protein Structure===
[[File:搜狗截图14年05月23日1804 1.png|left|thumb|550px| ''Conserved domains on OsCKX2.'']]

The OsCKX2 of Koshihikari and Habataki consist of four exons and three introns and encode proteins of 565 or 563 amino acids, respectively. the region between 74 – 255 is FAD-binding PCMH-type domian. it has UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity, cytokinin dehydrogenase activity and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding.<ref name="ref2" />

===Expression===
[[File:Dfghjj.png|left|thumb|150px| ''Expression profile of OsCKX2.'']]
transgenic rice harboring an OsCKX2 promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct. GUS expression was observed mainly in the vascular tissue in developing culms, inflorescence meristems, and young flowers in the T2 generation of transgenic plants . The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem . The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems<ref name="ref1" />.
The expression of OsCKX2 will directly influence the amount of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase which degrades the phytohormone cytokinin, so the expression level of OsCKX2 will directly affect the Rice Grain Production by causeing cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs.The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem (35). The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems.
[[File:F3.medium.jpg]]

===Evolution===
[[File:Fggg.png|right|thumb|250px| ''Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.'']]
Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.<ref name="ref1" />

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.
*Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
*Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">
Ashikari, M., Sakakibara, H., Lin, S., Yamamoto, T., Takashi, T., Nishimura, A., ... & Matsuoka, M. (2005). Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production. Science, 309(5735), 741-745.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q4ADV8</ref>
</references>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0197700|
Description = OsCKX2，cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase|
Version =AB205193.1 GI:71609872.(gene version=Gene ID: 4327334)|
Length = 1698 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group OsCKX2 mRNA for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, complete cds.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:5273310..5274501|
CDS = 1..625,717..1192|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgaagcaagagcaggtcaggatggcagtgctcctcatgctcaactgcttcgtcaaggccacggcgccgccgccatggccgccgtcggcttcgtccgcctccttcctcgacgacctcggcgacctcggcatcgcgccgctcatccgcgccgacgaggcgggcaccgcgcgcgcctccgccgactttggcaacctctccgtcgccggcgtcggggcgcctcggctcgccgccgccgccgccgtgctctacccgtcgcgccccgccgacatcgccgcgctgctgcgcgcgtcgtgcgcacgcccggcgccgttcgcggtgtccgcgcgggggtgtggccactcggtgcacggccaggcctccgcgcccgacggcgtcgtcgtcgacatggcgtcgctcggccgcctgcagggcggcggcgcgcggcgcctcgccgtgtcagtggaggggcggtacgtcgacgccggcggcgagcagctgtgggtggacgtgctgcgcgcgtccatggcgcacgggctcacgccggtgtcgtggacagactacctccacctcaccgtcggcggcacgctgtccaacgccggcatcagcggccaggccttccgccatggcccccagatttccaacgtgctagagctcgacgtcatcaccggtgtcggggagatggtgacgtgctcgaaggagaaggcgccggacctgttcgacgcggtgctgggcgggctggggcagttcggcgtcatcacgcgggcgcgcatcccgctcgcgccggcgccggcgagggcgcggtgggtgcggttcgtgtacacgacggcggcggcgatgacggccgaccaggagcgcctcatcgccgtcgatcgcgccggcggcgccggcgcggtgggcgggctgatggactacgtcgagggctcggtccacctgaaccagggcctggtcgagacctggcgcacgcagccgcagccgccttcgccgtcctcctcctcctcctcatccttcttctccgacgccgacgaggcccgcgtcgccgcgctcgccaaggaggccggcggcgtgctgtatttcctcgagggcgccatctacttcggcggcgccgccgggccgtccgccgccgacgttgacaagaggatggatgtgctgcgtcgcgagctgcggcacgagcgcgggttcgtgttcgcgcaggacgtggcgtacgccgggttcctggaccgcgtccacgacggcgagctcaagctccgcgccgcggggctctgggacgtgccgcacccatggctgaacctgttcctcccccgctccggcgtcctcgccttcgccgacggcgtcttccacggcatcctcagccgcacccccgccatgggccccgtcctcatctaccccatgaaccgcaacaagtgggacagtaacatgtcggcagtgatcaccgacgacgacggtgacgaggtgttctacacggtggggatcctgcggtcggcggcggcggccggcgacgtggggaggctggaggagcagaacgacgagatcttgggtttctgcgaggtggccgggatagcctacaagcagtacctgccttactacggcagccaggcagagtggcagaagcggcacttcggtgccaatctctggccaagattcgtgcagcggaagagcaagtatgatccaaaggccatcctgtcccgtggccaggggattttcacgtcaccactcgcatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MKQEQVRMAVLLMLNCFVKATAPPPWPPSASSASFLDDLGDLGI
APLIRADEAGTARASADFGNLSVAGVGAPRLAAAAAVLYPSRPADIAALLRASCARPA
PFAVSARGCGHSVHGQASAPDGVVVDMASLGRLQGGGARRLAVSVEGRYVDAGGEQLW
VDVLRASMAHGLTPVSWTDYLHLTVGGTLSNAGISGQAFRHGPQISNVLELDVITGVG
EMVTCSKEKAPDLFDAVLGGLGQFGVITRARIPLAPAPARARWVRFVYTTAAAMTADQ
ERLIAVDRAGGAGAVGGLMDYVEGSVHLNQGLVETWRTQPQPPSPSSSSSSSFFSDAD
EARVAALAKEAGGVLYFLEGAIYFGGAAGPSAADVDKRMDVLRRELRHERGFVFAQDV
AYAGFLDRVHDGELKLRAAGLWDVPHPWLNLFLPRSGVLAFADGVFHGILSRTPAMGP
VLIYPMNRNKWDSNMSAVITDDDGDEVFYTVGILRSAAAAGDVGRLEEQNDEILGFCE
VAGIAYKQYLPYYGSQAEWQKRHFGANLWPRFVQRKSKYDPKAILSRGQGIFTSPLA</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>1..625#717..1192#ATGGCAGTGCTCCTCATGCTCAACTGCTTCGTCAAGGCCACGGCGCCGCCGCCATGGCCGCCGTCGGCTT
CGTCCGCCTCCTTCCTCGACGACCTCGGCGACCTCGGCATCGCGCCGCTCATCCGCGCCGACGAGGCGGG
CACCGCGCGCGCCTCCGCCGACTTTGGCAACCTCTCCGTCGCCGGCGTCGGGGCGCCTCGGCTCGCCGCC
GCCGCCGCCGTGCTCTACCCGTCGCGCCCCGCCGACATCGCCGCGCTGCTGCGCGCGTCGTGCGCACGCC
CGGCGCCGTTCGCGGTGTCCGCGCGGGGGTGTGGCCACTCGGTGCACGGCCAGGCCTCCGCGCCCGACGG
CGTCGTCGTCGACATGGCGTCGCTCGGCCGCCTGCAGGGCGGCGGCGCGCGGCGCCTCGCCGTGTCAGTG
GAGGGGCGGTACGTCGACGCCGGCGGCGAGCAGCTGTGGGTGGACGTGCTGCGCGCGTCCATGGCGCACG
GGCTCACGCCGGTGTCGTGGACAGACTACCTCCACCTCACCGTCGGCGGCACGCTGTCCAACGCCGGCAT
CAGCGGCCAGGCCTTCCGCCATGGCCCCCAGATTTCCAACGTGCTAGAGCTCGACGTCATCACCGGTACG
TAGATCCATCACATCTACTAAGACACGCGCCGCCATGATCGAGGTAATTAAGGTATAGGTGTTTTGACGT
ATACATGTATCTGCAGGTGTCGGGGAGATGGTGACGTGCTCGAAGGAGAAGGCGCCGGACCTGTTCGACG
CGGTGCTGGGCGGGCTGGGGCAGTTCGGCGTCATCACGCGGGCGCGCATCCCGCTCGCGCCGGCGCCGGC
GAGGGCGCGGTGGGTGCGGTTCGTGTACACGACGGCGGCGGCGATGACGGCCGACCAGGAGCGCCTCATC
GCCGTCGATCGCGCCGGCGGCGCCGGCGCGGTGGGCGGGCTGATGGACTACGTCGAGGGCTCGGTCCACC
TGAACCAGGGCCTGGTCGAGACCTGGCGCACGCAGCCGCAGCCGCCTTCGCCGTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTC
ATCCTTCTTCTCCGACGCCGACGAGGCCCGCGTCGCCGCGCTCGCCAAGGAGGCCGGCGGCGTGCTGTAT
TTCCTCGAGGGCGCCATCTACTTCGGCGGCGCCGCCGGGCCGTCCGCCGCCGACGTTGACAAGGTATACT
AG
</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_008394.3?report=fasta&from=5273310&to=5274501&strand=true]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

File:F3.medium.gif

2014-06-05T13:16:18Z

Wyl0202: uploaded a new version of "File:F3.medium.gif": Reverted to version as of 13:06, 5 June 2014

File:F3.medium.gif

2014-06-05T13:15:40Z

Wyl0202: uploaded a new version of "File:F3.medium.gif": Phenotypic characterization of NIL-QTLs. (A) Plant morphologies and chromosome maps of Koshihikari, NIL-sd1, NIL-Gn1, and NIL-sd1+Gn1. White and red scale bars indicate 1 m and 20 cm, respectiv

File:F3.medium.gif

2014-06-05T13:06:47Z

Wyl0202: Phenotypic characterization of NIL-QTLs. (A) Plant morphologies and chromosome maps of Koshihikari, NIL-sd1, NIL-Gn1, and NIL-sd1+Gn1. White and red scale bars indicate 1 m and 20 cm, respectively. (B) Comparison of plant height, (C) grain number in the m

Os01g0197700

2014-06-05T13:01:38Z

Wyl0202: /* Expression */

Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2). Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
[[File:Eeee.jpg|right|thumb|350px| ''
QTL analysis and molecular cloning. (A) Gross morphology of Koshihikari and Habataki at maturity.(D) Comparison of grain number in the main panicle of Koshihikari (Ko), Habataki (Ha), and 5150. (H) High-resolution linkage map of Gn1a. (I) OsCKX2 structure and mutation sites in Habataki (blue) and 5150 (red). (K) Comparison of grain number per main panicle in nontransgenic and transgenic lines. 2 copy CKX2, transgenic <ref name="ref1" />).'']]
Expression level of OsCKX2 can influence the amount of phytohormone cytokinin,Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.Transgenic plants carrying two copies of the sense strand of OsCKX2 that was highly expressed showed reduced grain numbers compared to TC65. However, transgenic plants with antisense strands of OsCKX2 that had reduced levels of expression developed higher grain numbers.
OsCKX2 reduce CKX activity in Habataki, NIL-Gn1a, and 5150, and the increased production of CK conjugates to reduce the overall CK activity .

===Protein Structure===
[[File:搜狗截图14年05月23日1804 1.png|left|thumb|550px| ''Conserved domains on OsCKX2.'']]

The OsCKX2 of Koshihikari and Habataki consist of four exons and three introns and encode proteins of 565 or 563 amino acids, respectively. the region between 74 – 255 is FAD-binding PCMH-type domian. it has UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity, cytokinin dehydrogenase activity and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding.<ref name="ref2" />

===Expression===
[[File:Dfghjj.png|left|thumb|150px| ''Expression profile of OsCKX2.'']]
transgenic rice harboring an OsCKX2 promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct. GUS expression was observed mainly in the vascular tissue in developing culms, inflorescence meristems, and young flowers in the T2 generation of transgenic plants . The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem . The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems<ref name="ref1" />.
The expression of OsCKX2 will directly influence the amount of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase which degrades the phytohormone cytokinin, so the expression level of OsCKX2 will directly affect the Rice Grain Production by causeing cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs.The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem (35). The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems.

===Evolution===
[[File:Fggg.png|right|thumb|250px| ''Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.'']]
Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.<ref name="ref1" />

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.
*Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
*Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">
Ashikari, M., Sakakibara, H., Lin, S., Yamamoto, T., Takashi, T., Nishimura, A., ... & Matsuoka, M. (2005). Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production. Science, 309(5735), 741-745.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q4ADV8</ref>
</references>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0197700|
Description = OsCKX2，cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase|
Version =AB205193.1 GI:71609872.(gene version=Gene ID: 4327334)|
Length = 1698 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group OsCKX2 mRNA for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, complete cds.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:5273310..5274501|
CDS = 1..625,717..1192|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgaagcaagagcaggtcaggatggcagtgctcctcatgctcaactgcttcgtcaaggccacggcgccgccgccatggccgccgtcggcttcgtccgcctccttcctcgacgacctcggcgacctcggcatcgcgccgctcatccgcgccgacgaggcgggcaccgcgcgcgcctccgccgactttggcaacctctccgtcgccggcgtcggggcgcctcggctcgccgccgccgccgccgtgctctacccgtcgcgccccgccgacatcgccgcgctgctgcgcgcgtcgtgcgcacgcccggcgccgttcgcggtgtccgcgcgggggtgtggccactcggtgcacggccaggcctccgcgcccgacggcgtcgtcgtcgacatggcgtcgctcggccgcctgcagggcggcggcgcgcggcgcctcgccgtgtcagtggaggggcggtacgtcgacgccggcggcgagcagctgtgggtggacgtgctgcgcgcgtccatggcgcacgggctcacgccggtgtcgtggacagactacctccacctcaccgtcggcggcacgctgtccaacgccggcatcagcggccaggccttccgccatggcccccagatttccaacgtgctagagctcgacgtcatcaccggtgtcggggagatggtgacgtgctcgaaggagaaggcgccggacctgttcgacgcggtgctgggcgggctggggcagttcggcgtcatcacgcgggcgcgcatcccgctcgcgccggcgccggcgagggcgcggtgggtgcggttcgtgtacacgacggcggcggcgatgacggccgaccaggagcgcctcatcgccgtcgatcgcgccggcggcgccggcgcggtgggcgggctgatggactacgtcgagggctcggtccacctgaaccagggcctggtcgagacctggcgcacgcagccgcagccgccttcgccgtcctcctcctcctcctcatccttcttctccgacgccgacgaggcccgcgtcgccgcgctcgccaaggaggccggcggcgtgctgtatttcctcgagggcgccatctacttcggcggcgccgccgggccgtccgccgccgacgttgacaagaggatggatgtgctgcgtcgcgagctgcggcacgagcgcgggttcgtgttcgcgcaggacgtggcgtacgccgggttcctggaccgcgtccacgacggcgagctcaagctccgcgccgcggggctctgggacgtgccgcacccatggctgaacctgttcctcccccgctccggcgtcctcgccttcgccgacggcgtcttccacggcatcctcagccgcacccccgccatgggccccgtcctcatctaccccatgaaccgcaacaagtgggacagtaacatgtcggcagtgatcaccgacgacgacggtgacgaggtgttctacacggtggggatcctgcggtcggcggcggcggccggcgacgtggggaggctggaggagcagaacgacgagatcttgggtttctgcgaggtggccgggatagcctacaagcagtacctgccttactacggcagccaggcagagtggcagaagcggcacttcggtgccaatctctggccaagattcgtgcagcggaagagcaagtatgatccaaaggccatcctgtcccgtggccaggggattttcacgtcaccactcgcatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MKQEQVRMAVLLMLNCFVKATAPPPWPPSASSASFLDDLGDLGI
APLIRADEAGTARASADFGNLSVAGVGAPRLAAAAAVLYPSRPADIAALLRASCARPA
PFAVSARGCGHSVHGQASAPDGVVVDMASLGRLQGGGARRLAVSVEGRYVDAGGEQLW
VDVLRASMAHGLTPVSWTDYLHLTVGGTLSNAGISGQAFRHGPQISNVLELDVITGVG
EMVTCSKEKAPDLFDAVLGGLGQFGVITRARIPLAPAPARARWVRFVYTTAAAMTADQ
ERLIAVDRAGGAGAVGGLMDYVEGSVHLNQGLVETWRTQPQPPSPSSSSSSSFFSDAD
EARVAALAKEAGGVLYFLEGAIYFGGAAGPSAADVDKRMDVLRRELRHERGFVFAQDV
AYAGFLDRVHDGELKLRAAGLWDVPHPWLNLFLPRSGVLAFADGVFHGILSRTPAMGP
VLIYPMNRNKWDSNMSAVITDDDGDEVFYTVGILRSAAAAGDVGRLEEQNDEILGFCE
VAGIAYKQYLPYYGSQAEWQKRHFGANLWPRFVQRKSKYDPKAILSRGQGIFTSPLA</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>1..625#717..1192#ATGGCAGTGCTCCTCATGCTCAACTGCTTCGTCAAGGCCACGGCGCCGCCGCCATGGCCGCCGTCGGCTT
CGTCCGCCTCCTTCCTCGACGACCTCGGCGACCTCGGCATCGCGCCGCTCATCCGCGCCGACGAGGCGGG
CACCGCGCGCGCCTCCGCCGACTTTGGCAACCTCTCCGTCGCCGGCGTCGGGGCGCCTCGGCTCGCCGCC
GCCGCCGCCGTGCTCTACCCGTCGCGCCCCGCCGACATCGCCGCGCTGCTGCGCGCGTCGTGCGCACGCC
CGGCGCCGTTCGCGGTGTCCGCGCGGGGGTGTGGCCACTCGGTGCACGGCCAGGCCTCCGCGCCCGACGG
CGTCGTCGTCGACATGGCGTCGCTCGGCCGCCTGCAGGGCGGCGGCGCGCGGCGCCTCGCCGTGTCAGTG
GAGGGGCGGTACGTCGACGCCGGCGGCGAGCAGCTGTGGGTGGACGTGCTGCGCGCGTCCATGGCGCACG
GGCTCACGCCGGTGTCGTGGACAGACTACCTCCACCTCACCGTCGGCGGCACGCTGTCCAACGCCGGCAT
CAGCGGCCAGGCCTTCCGCCATGGCCCCCAGATTTCCAACGTGCTAGAGCTCGACGTCATCACCGGTACG
TAGATCCATCACATCTACTAAGACACGCGCCGCCATGATCGAGGTAATTAAGGTATAGGTGTTTTGACGT
ATACATGTATCTGCAGGTGTCGGGGAGATGGTGACGTGCTCGAAGGAGAAGGCGCCGGACCTGTTCGACG
CGGTGCTGGGCGGGCTGGGGCAGTTCGGCGTCATCACGCGGGCGCGCATCCCGCTCGCGCCGGCGCCGGC
GAGGGCGCGGTGGGTGCGGTTCGTGTACACGACGGCGGCGGCGATGACGGCCGACCAGGAGCGCCTCATC
GCCGTCGATCGCGCCGGCGGCGCCGGCGCGGTGGGCGGGCTGATGGACTACGTCGAGGGCTCGGTCCACC
TGAACCAGGGCCTGGTCGAGACCTGGCGCACGCAGCCGCAGCCGCCTTCGCCGTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTC
ATCCTTCTTCTCCGACGCCGACGAGGCCCGCGTCGCCGCGCTCGCCAAGGAGGCCGGCGGCGTGCTGTAT
TTCCTCGAGGGCGCCATCTACTTCGGCGGCGCCGCCGGGCCGTCCGCCGCCGACGTTGACAAGGTATACT
AG
</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_008394.3?report=fasta&from=5273310&to=5274501&strand=true]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

Os01g0197700

2014-06-05T12:42:37Z

Wyl0202: /* Labs working on this gene */

Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2). Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
[[File:Eeee.jpg|right|thumb|350px| ''
QTL analysis and molecular cloning. (A) Gross morphology of Koshihikari and Habataki at maturity.(D) Comparison of grain number in the main panicle of Koshihikari (Ko), Habataki (Ha), and 5150. (H) High-resolution linkage map of Gn1a. (I) OsCKX2 structure and mutation sites in Habataki (blue) and 5150 (red). (K) Comparison of grain number per main panicle in nontransgenic and transgenic lines. 2 copy CKX2, transgenic <ref name="ref1" />).'']]
Expression level of OsCKX2 can influence the amount of phytohormone cytokinin,Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.Transgenic plants carrying two copies of the sense strand of OsCKX2 that was highly expressed showed reduced grain numbers compared to TC65. However, transgenic plants with antisense strands of OsCKX2 that had reduced levels of expression developed higher grain numbers.
OsCKX2 reduce CKX activity in Habataki, NIL-Gn1a, and 5150, and the increased production of CK conjugates to reduce the overall CK activity .

===Protein Structure===
[[File:搜狗截图14年05月23日1804 1.png|left|thumb|550px| ''Conserved domains on OsCKX2.'']]

The OsCKX2 of Koshihikari and Habataki consist of four exons and three introns and encode proteins of 565 or 563 amino acids, respectively. the region between 74 – 255 is FAD-binding PCMH-type domian. it has UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity, cytokinin dehydrogenase activity and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding.<ref name="ref2" />

===Expression===
[[File:Dfghjj.png|left|thumb|150px| ''Expression profile of OsCKX2.'']]
transgenic rice harboring an OsCKX2 promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct. GUS expression was observed mainly in the vascular tissue in developing culms, inflorescence meristems, and young flowers in the T2 generation of transgenic plants . The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem . The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems<ref name="ref1" />.
The expression of OsCKX2 will directly influence the amount of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase which degrades the phytohormone cytokinin, so the expression level of OsCKX2 will directly affect the Rice Grain Production by causeing cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs.
===Evolution===
[[File:Fggg.png|right|thumb|250px| ''Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.'']]
Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.<ref name="ref1" />

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.
*Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
*Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">
Ashikari, M., Sakakibara, H., Lin, S., Yamamoto, T., Takashi, T., Nishimura, A., ... & Matsuoka, M. (2005). Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production. Science, 309(5735), 741-745.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q4ADV8</ref>
</references>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0197700|
Description = OsCKX2，cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase|
Version =AB205193.1 GI:71609872.(gene version=Gene ID: 4327334)|
Length = 1698 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group OsCKX2 mRNA for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, complete cds.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:5273310..5274501|
CDS = 1..625,717..1192|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgaagcaagagcaggtcaggatggcagtgctcctcatgctcaactgcttcgtcaaggccacggcgccgccgccatggccgccgtcggcttcgtccgcctccttcctcgacgacctcggcgacctcggcatcgcgccgctcatccgcgccgacgaggcgggcaccgcgcgcgcctccgccgactttggcaacctctccgtcgccggcgtcggggcgcctcggctcgccgccgccgccgccgtgctctacccgtcgcgccccgccgacatcgccgcgctgctgcgcgcgtcgtgcgcacgcccggcgccgttcgcggtgtccgcgcgggggtgtggccactcggtgcacggccaggcctccgcgcccgacggcgtcgtcgtcgacatggcgtcgctcggccgcctgcagggcggcggcgcgcggcgcctcgccgtgtcagtggaggggcggtacgtcgacgccggcggcgagcagctgtgggtggacgtgctgcgcgcgtccatggcgcacgggctcacgccggtgtcgtggacagactacctccacctcaccgtcggcggcacgctgtccaacgccggcatcagcggccaggccttccgccatggcccccagatttccaacgtgctagagctcgacgtcatcaccggtgtcggggagatggtgacgtgctcgaaggagaaggcgccggacctgttcgacgcggtgctgggcgggctggggcagttcggcgtcatcacgcgggcgcgcatcccgctcgcgccggcgccggcgagggcgcggtgggtgcggttcgtgtacacgacggcggcggcgatgacggccgaccaggagcgcctcatcgccgtcgatcgcgccggcggcgccggcgcggtgggcgggctgatggactacgtcgagggctcggtccacctgaaccagggcctggtcgagacctggcgcacgcagccgcagccgccttcgccgtcctcctcctcctcctcatccttcttctccgacgccgacgaggcccgcgtcgccgcgctcgccaaggaggccggcggcgtgctgtatttcctcgagggcgccatctacttcggcggcgccgccgggccgtccgccgccgacgttgacaagaggatggatgtgctgcgtcgcgagctgcggcacgagcgcgggttcgtgttcgcgcaggacgtggcgtacgccgggttcctggaccgcgtccacgacggcgagctcaagctccgcgccgcggggctctgggacgtgccgcacccatggctgaacctgttcctcccccgctccggcgtcctcgccttcgccgacggcgtcttccacggcatcctcagccgcacccccgccatgggccccgtcctcatctaccccatgaaccgcaacaagtgggacagtaacatgtcggcagtgatcaccgacgacgacggtgacgaggtgttctacacggtggggatcctgcggtcggcggcggcggccggcgacgtggggaggctggaggagcagaacgacgagatcttgggtttctgcgaggtggccgggatagcctacaagcagtacctgccttactacggcagccaggcagagtggcagaagcggcacttcggtgccaatctctggccaagattcgtgcagcggaagagcaagtatgatccaaaggccatcctgtcccgtggccaggggattttcacgtcaccactcgcatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MKQEQVRMAVLLMLNCFVKATAPPPWPPSASSASFLDDLGDLGI
APLIRADEAGTARASADFGNLSVAGVGAPRLAAAAAVLYPSRPADIAALLRASCARPA
PFAVSARGCGHSVHGQASAPDGVVVDMASLGRLQGGGARRLAVSVEGRYVDAGGEQLW
VDVLRASMAHGLTPVSWTDYLHLTVGGTLSNAGISGQAFRHGPQISNVLELDVITGVG
EMVTCSKEKAPDLFDAVLGGLGQFGVITRARIPLAPAPARARWVRFVYTTAAAMTADQ
ERLIAVDRAGGAGAVGGLMDYVEGSVHLNQGLVETWRTQPQPPSPSSSSSSSFFSDAD
EARVAALAKEAGGVLYFLEGAIYFGGAAGPSAADVDKRMDVLRRELRHERGFVFAQDV
AYAGFLDRVHDGELKLRAAGLWDVPHPWLNLFLPRSGVLAFADGVFHGILSRTPAMGP
VLIYPMNRNKWDSNMSAVITDDDGDEVFYTVGILRSAAAAGDVGRLEEQNDEILGFCE
VAGIAYKQYLPYYGSQAEWQKRHFGANLWPRFVQRKSKYDPKAILSRGQGIFTSPLA</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>1..625#717..1192#ATGGCAGTGCTCCTCATGCTCAACTGCTTCGTCAAGGCCACGGCGCCGCCGCCATGGCCGCCGTCGGCTT
CGTCCGCCTCCTTCCTCGACGACCTCGGCGACCTCGGCATCGCGCCGCTCATCCGCGCCGACGAGGCGGG
CACCGCGCGCGCCTCCGCCGACTTTGGCAACCTCTCCGTCGCCGGCGTCGGGGCGCCTCGGCTCGCCGCC
GCCGCCGCCGTGCTCTACCCGTCGCGCCCCGCCGACATCGCCGCGCTGCTGCGCGCGTCGTGCGCACGCC
CGGCGCCGTTCGCGGTGTCCGCGCGGGGGTGTGGCCACTCGGTGCACGGCCAGGCCTCCGCGCCCGACGG
CGTCGTCGTCGACATGGCGTCGCTCGGCCGCCTGCAGGGCGGCGGCGCGCGGCGCCTCGCCGTGTCAGTG
GAGGGGCGGTACGTCGACGCCGGCGGCGAGCAGCTGTGGGTGGACGTGCTGCGCGCGTCCATGGCGCACG
GGCTCACGCCGGTGTCGTGGACAGACTACCTCCACCTCACCGTCGGCGGCACGCTGTCCAACGCCGGCAT
CAGCGGCCAGGCCTTCCGCCATGGCCCCCAGATTTCCAACGTGCTAGAGCTCGACGTCATCACCGGTACG
TAGATCCATCACATCTACTAAGACACGCGCCGCCATGATCGAGGTAATTAAGGTATAGGTGTTTTGACGT
ATACATGTATCTGCAGGTGTCGGGGAGATGGTGACGTGCTCGAAGGAGAAGGCGCCGGACCTGTTCGACG
CGGTGCTGGGCGGGCTGGGGCAGTTCGGCGTCATCACGCGGGCGCGCATCCCGCTCGCGCCGGCGCCGGC
GAGGGCGCGGTGGGTGCGGTTCGTGTACACGACGGCGGCGGCGATGACGGCCGACCAGGAGCGCCTCATC
GCCGTCGATCGCGCCGGCGGCGCCGGCGCGGTGGGCGGGCTGATGGACTACGTCGAGGGCTCGGTCCACC
TGAACCAGGGCCTGGTCGAGACCTGGCGCACGCAGCCGCAGCCGCCTTCGCCGTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTC
ATCCTTCTTCTCCGACGCCGACGAGGCCCGCGTCGCCGCGCTCGCCAAGGAGGCCGGCGGCGTGCTGTAT
TTCCTCGAGGGCGCCATCTACTTCGGCGGCGCCGCCGGGCCGTCCGCCGCCGACGTTGACAAGGTATACT
AG
</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_008394.3?report=fasta&from=5273310&to=5274501&strand=true]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

Os01g0197700

2014-06-05T12:38:24Z

Wyl0202: /* Annotated Information */

Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2). Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
[[File:Eeee.jpg|right|thumb|350px| ''
QTL analysis and molecular cloning. (A) Gross morphology of Koshihikari and Habataki at maturity.(D) Comparison of grain number in the main panicle of Koshihikari (Ko), Habataki (Ha), and 5150. (H) High-resolution linkage map of Gn1a. (I) OsCKX2 structure and mutation sites in Habataki (blue) and 5150 (red). (K) Comparison of grain number per main panicle in nontransgenic and transgenic lines. 2 copy CKX2, transgenic <ref name="ref1" />).'']]
Expression level of OsCKX2 can influence the amount of phytohormone cytokinin,Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield.Transgenic plants carrying two copies of the sense strand of OsCKX2 that was highly expressed showed reduced grain numbers compared to TC65. However, transgenic plants with antisense strands of OsCKX2 that had reduced levels of expression developed higher grain numbers.
OsCKX2 reduce CKX activity in Habataki, NIL-Gn1a, and 5150, and the increased production of CK conjugates to reduce the overall CK activity .

===Protein Structure===
[[File:搜狗截图14年05月23日1804 1.png|left|thumb|550px| ''Conserved domains on OsCKX2.'']]

The OsCKX2 of Koshihikari and Habataki consist of four exons and three introns and encode proteins of 565 or 563 amino acids, respectively. the region between 74 – 255 is FAD-binding PCMH-type domian. it has UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity, cytokinin dehydrogenase activity and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding.<ref name="ref2" />

===Expression===
[[File:Dfghjj.png|left|thumb|150px| ''Expression profile of OsCKX2.'']]
transgenic rice harboring an OsCKX2 promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct. GUS expression was observed mainly in the vascular tissue in developing culms, inflorescence meristems, and young flowers in the T2 generation of transgenic plants . The expression of OsCKX2 in inflorescence meristems might regulate the CK level to control flower number. CK is known to be translocated acropetally via the xylem and systemically via the phloem . The high levels of expression in these tissues suggest that OsCKX2 plays a role in regulating CK levels in the vascular system of developing culms, where CK is transported to the inflorescence meristems<ref name="ref1" />.
The expression of OsCKX2 will directly influence the amount of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase which degrades the phytohormone cytokinin, so the expression level of OsCKX2 will directly affect the Rice Grain Production by causeing cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs.
===Evolution===
[[File:Fggg.png|right|thumb|250px| ''Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.'']]
Phylogenetic relationship of CKX proteins in rice and Arabidopsis.<ref name="ref1" />

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">
Ashikari, M., Sakakibara, H., Lin, S., Yamamoto, T., Takashi, T., Nishimura, A., ... & Matsuoka, M. (2005). Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production. Science, 309(5735), 741-745.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q4ADV8</ref>
</references>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os01g0197700|
Description = OsCKX2，cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase|
Version =AB205193.1 GI:71609872.(gene version=Gene ID: 4327334)|
Length = 1698 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group OsCKX2 mRNA for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, complete cds.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 1|Chromosome 1]]|
AP = Chromosome 1:5273310..5274501|
CDS = 1..625,717..1192|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008394:5273310..5274501
source=RiceChromosome01
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgaagcaagagcaggtcaggatggcagtgctcctcatgctcaactgcttcgtcaaggccacggcgccgccgccatggccgccgtcggcttcgtccgcctccttcctcgacgacctcggcgacctcggcatcgcgccgctcatccgcgccgacgaggcgggcaccgcgcgcgcctccgccgactttggcaacctctccgtcgccggcgtcggggcgcctcggctcgccgccgccgccgccgtgctctacccgtcgcgccccgccgacatcgccgcgctgctgcgcgcgtcgtgcgcacgcccggcgccgttcgcggtgtccgcgcgggggtgtggccactcggtgcacggccaggcctccgcgcccgacggcgtcgtcgtcgacatggcgtcgctcggccgcctgcagggcggcggcgcgcggcgcctcgccgtgtcagtggaggggcggtacgtcgacgccggcggcgagcagctgtgggtggacgtgctgcgcgcgtccatggcgcacgggctcacgccggtgtcgtggacagactacctccacctcaccgtcggcggcacgctgtccaacgccggcatcagcggccaggccttccgccatggcccccagatttccaacgtgctagagctcgacgtcatcaccggtgtcggggagatggtgacgtgctcgaaggagaaggcgccggacctgttcgacgcggtgctgggcgggctggggcagttcggcgtcatcacgcgggcgcgcatcccgctcgcgccggcgccggcgagggcgcggtgggtgcggttcgtgtacacgacggcggcggcgatgacggccgaccaggagcgcctcatcgccgtcgatcgcgccggcggcgccggcgcggtgggcgggctgatggactacgtcgagggctcggtccacctgaaccagggcctggtcgagacctggcgcacgcagccgcagccgccttcgccgtcctcctcctcctcctcatccttcttctccgacgccgacgaggcccgcgtcgccgcgctcgccaaggaggccggcggcgtgctgtatttcctcgagggcgccatctacttcggcggcgccgccgggccgtccgccgccgacgttgacaagaggatggatgtgctgcgtcgcgagctgcggcacgagcgcgggttcgtgttcgcgcaggacgtggcgtacgccgggttcctggaccgcgtccacgacggcgagctcaagctccgcgccgcggggctctgggacgtgccgcacccatggctgaacctgttcctcccccgctccggcgtcctcgccttcgccgacggcgtcttccacggcatcctcagccgcacccccgccatgggccccgtcctcatctaccccatgaaccgcaacaagtgggacagtaacatgtcggcagtgatcaccgacgacgacggtgacgaggtgttctacacggtggggatcctgcggtcggcggcggcggccggcgacgtggggaggctggaggagcagaacgacgagatcttgggtttctgcgaggtggccgggatagcctacaagcagtacctgccttactacggcagccaggcagagtggcagaagcggcacttcggtgccaatctctggccaagattcgtgcagcggaagagcaagtatgatccaaaggccatcctgtcccgtggccaggggattttcacgtcaccactcgcatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MKQEQVRMAVLLMLNCFVKATAPPPWPPSASSASFLDDLGDLGI
APLIRADEAGTARASADFGNLSVAGVGAPRLAAAAAVLYPSRPADIAALLRASCARPA
PFAVSARGCGHSVHGQASAPDGVVVDMASLGRLQGGGARRLAVSVEGRYVDAGGEQLW
VDVLRASMAHGLTPVSWTDYLHLTVGGTLSNAGISGQAFRHGPQISNVLELDVITGVG
EMVTCSKEKAPDLFDAVLGGLGQFGVITRARIPLAPAPARARWVRFVYTTAAAMTADQ
ERLIAVDRAGGAGAVGGLMDYVEGSVHLNQGLVETWRTQPQPPSPSSSSSSSFFSDAD
EARVAALAKEAGGVLYFLEGAIYFGGAAGPSAADVDKRMDVLRRELRHERGFVFAQDV
AYAGFLDRVHDGELKLRAAGLWDVPHPWLNLFLPRSGVLAFADGVFHGILSRTPAMGP
VLIYPMNRNKWDSNMSAVITDDDGDEVFYTVGILRSAAAAGDVGRLEEQNDEILGFCE
VAGIAYKQYLPYYGSQAEWQKRHFGANLWPRFVQRKSKYDPKAILSRGQGIFTSPLA</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>1..625#717..1192#ATGGCAGTGCTCCTCATGCTCAACTGCTTCGTCAAGGCCACGGCGCCGCCGCCATGGCCGCCGTCGGCTT
CGTCCGCCTCCTTCCTCGACGACCTCGGCGACCTCGGCATCGCGCCGCTCATCCGCGCCGACGAGGCGGG
CACCGCGCGCGCCTCCGCCGACTTTGGCAACCTCTCCGTCGCCGGCGTCGGGGCGCCTCGGCTCGCCGCC
GCCGCCGCCGTGCTCTACCCGTCGCGCCCCGCCGACATCGCCGCGCTGCTGCGCGCGTCGTGCGCACGCC
CGGCGCCGTTCGCGGTGTCCGCGCGGGGGTGTGGCCACTCGGTGCACGGCCAGGCCTCCGCGCCCGACGG
CGTCGTCGTCGACATGGCGTCGCTCGGCCGCCTGCAGGGCGGCGGCGCGCGGCGCCTCGCCGTGTCAGTG
GAGGGGCGGTACGTCGACGCCGGCGGCGAGCAGCTGTGGGTGGACGTGCTGCGCGCGTCCATGGCGCACG
GGCTCACGCCGGTGTCGTGGACAGACTACCTCCACCTCACCGTCGGCGGCACGCTGTCCAACGCCGGCAT
CAGCGGCCAGGCCTTCCGCCATGGCCCCCAGATTTCCAACGTGCTAGAGCTCGACGTCATCACCGGTACG
TAGATCCATCACATCTACTAAGACACGCGCCGCCATGATCGAGGTAATTAAGGTATAGGTGTTTTGACGT
ATACATGTATCTGCAGGTGTCGGGGAGATGGTGACGTGCTCGAAGGAGAAGGCGCCGGACCTGTTCGACG
CGGTGCTGGGCGGGCTGGGGCAGTTCGGCGTCATCACGCGGGCGCGCATCCCGCTCGCGCCGGCGCCGGC
GAGGGCGCGGTGGGTGCGGTTCGTGTACACGACGGCGGCGGCGATGACGGCCGACCAGGAGCGCCTCATC
GCCGTCGATCGCGCCGGCGGCGCCGGCGCGGTGGGCGGGCTGATGGACTACGTCGAGGGCTCGGTCCACC
TGAACCAGGGCCTGGTCGAGACCTGGCGCACGCAGCCGCAGCCGCCTTCGCCGTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTC
ATCCTTCTTCTCCGACGCCGACGAGGCCCGCGTCGCCGCGCTCGCCAAGGAGGCCGGCGGCGTGCTGTAT
TTCCTCGAGGGCGCCATCTACTTCGGCGGCGCCGCCGGGCCGTCCGCCGCCGACGTTGACAAGGTATACT
AG
</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_008394.3?report=fasta&from=5273310&to=5274501&strand=true]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 1]]
[[Category:Chromosome 1]]

Os10g0404500

2014-06-05T12:24:00Z

Wyl0202: /* Function */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Sucrose Transporter Gene==
===Function===
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate the active transport of sucrose across plasma membrane barriers in a process that is coupled to proton symport. Since sucrose is the major carbohydrate translocated through the phloem in most plant species, the sucrose/H+ symporters are thought to play important roles in mediating carbon partitioning in plants, for example apoplastic phloem loading in leaves, transport of sucrose into and/or out of temporary storage sinks such as stem tissue and post-phloem transport of sucrose into sink tissue such as seeds.

The rice has five families of sucrose transporters. Despite of the previously reported OsSUT1, four putative sucrose transporter are known as OsSUT2, 3, 4 and 5. OsSUT1 encodes a functional SUT protein that is essential for transport of assimilate into filling rice grains. It has also been proposed that OsSUT1 is involved in transport of assimilate remobilised from starch reserves in leaf sheaths and in germinating seeds. Expression of OsSUT3, 4 and 5 in sink rice leaf suggests that they may be important for supplying sucrose, as a carbon source for growing tissues or possibly to supply sucrose to temporary storage tissues.Unlike the other four OsSUT genes, OsSUT2 seems to be expressed at almost equal levels in various tissues of rice plants.

The five families of sucrose transporters involve in the rice resistance to intermittent drought and secondary soil salinity.

OsSUT1 is the major salt responsive gene of the family of 5 OsSUT-genes，The function of the rice OsSUT1-gene in carbon partitioning, specifically for grain filling and seed germination and early seedling growth.OsSUT1 plays in the transport of assimilate along the entire long-distance pathway, from the flag leaf blade to the base of the filling grain.

===Expression===
The five families all contained a region that is highly conserved in known functional plant SUT genes, including OsSUT1. This domain includes the first membrane spanning helix, the following extracellular loop, the second membrane spanning helix and the next cytoplasmic loop have shown, by site-directed mutagenesis of the ''Arabidopsis'' AtSUC1 protein, that a conserved histidine residue in the extracellular loop is responsible for sucrose binding in the transport process. This histidine residue was also found to be present in all of the putative OsSUT peptides(reference <ref name="ref1" /> ).
.
[[File:SUT_1.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" The functionally important and conserved histidine residue is shown in bold. Dots indicate non-conserved amino acids, and horizontal bars indicate gaps in the sequence alignments(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

OsSUT1 mRNA accumulated to high levels in germinating seeds, source leaf sheaths and panicles, but to very low level in roots. OsSUT2 mRNA accumulated to nearly equal levels in all tissues tested. The expression patterns of OsSUT3 and 5 were found to be similar, the expression level is at its highest in sink leaves and the lowest in germinating seeds. OsSUT4 showed preferential expression in sink leaves(reference <ref name="ref3" /> and reference <ref name="ref4" />).
[[File:SUT_2.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" Analysis of expression of the five OsSUT genes, by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. For each gene, transcript levels in different tissue samples are comparable(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

The gene expression are different when the plants encounter such environmental obstacles, although the five families involved in the sucrose transporters and sucrose transport, they expressed differently in different tissues.OsSUT1 expression appeared to be non-essential for vegetative growth.

===Evolution===
We can express the ''OsSUT'' gene in yeast to test whether it's functional. Choose the yeast strain which is unable to hydrolyse exogenous sucrose but if transformed with a functional SUT, can import sucrose and hydrolyse it internally , allowing it to grow on media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source.
[[File: SUT_3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Test function in yeast(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

There is also a novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporter activity based on the ability of type I SUTs to transport the highly fluorescent molecule esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin β-D-glucoside). Using fluorescence microscopy, we can do the research conveniently.
[[File: SUT_5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Esculin uptake by yeast cells expressing StSUT1 was detected using FACS.(from reference <ref name="ref5" />).. "]]

==Labs working on this gene==
*Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
*CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
*Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Natl Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
*Natl Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rice Res, Niigata 9430193, Japan
*National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Peoples R China
*Department of Rice Research, National Agricultural Research Center, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0193 Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">Lu J M-Y. and Bush D R.(1998) His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. Proc Natl Acad 95: 9025–9030.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Aoki N, Hirose T, Scofield G N, et al.(2003）The Sucrose Transporter Gene Family in Rice. Plant and Cell Physiology 44:223-232.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">Furbank R T, Scofield G N, Hirose T, et al. (2001) Cellular localisation and function of a sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in developing rice grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol 28: 1187–1196.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">Hirose T, Imaizumi N, Scofield G N, et al. (1997) cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 38: 1389–1396.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">Gora P J, Reinders A, Ward J M, et al.(2012)A novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporters. Plant Methods 8:13.</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0404500|
Description = Sucrose transporter|
Version = NM_001071090.1 GI:115481923 GeneID:4348577|
Length = 6221 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0404500, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:14136198..14142418|
CDS = 14136282..14136437,14138096..14138161,14138312..14138410,14139725..14139789,14139915..14139999 ,14140094..14140127,14140244..14140343,14140516..14140591,14140790..14141113 ,14141795..14142310|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaaggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcgatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MAVDMELDGGGDGKGKAPPQISLSGLFLACMVAGGVQYGWALQL SLLTPYVQTLGIPHALTSVMWLCGPIAGLIVQPCVGLYSDKCTSSLGRRRPFILTGCI IICISVIVIGFSSDIGYALGDTTEDCKVYRGPRYHAAAAFILGFWLLDFSNNTVQGPA RALMADLSGRHGPSAANAIFCSWMALGNILGYSSGSTNDWHKWFPFLMTRACCEACAN LKAAFLVAVVFLGLSTAVTMVFAREVALDPVAAAKRNEGEASGLLAVFKGMKNLPVGM PSVLIVTGLTWLSWFPFILFDTDWMGREIYHGRPDGSPAEVTAFQEGVRQGAFGLLLN SIVLGISSFLIEPMCRRLGARAVWVMSSAVVCVAMAAVSVLSAWSLGDFGGSVQDAAR APAEEGGVRASALALFVFLGLPFAVLCSVPFAVTAQLAASRGGGQGLCTGVLNISIVV PQMAIALGAGPWDELFGEGNIPAFAMASVFAAAAAAAGVVLLPKVSVRSVSMAGGH</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>85..240#1899..1964#2115..2213#3528..3592#3718..3802#3897..3930#4047..4146#4319..4394#4593..4916#5598..6113#cttcgatctcttgggatataactagcttagctatagctctagctaaataggttcgtacgtataggatatttgatccattgatcgatggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcaggtatgtgtttaaggcgttttggcctttttcattttcgtctatattcattagcatctatatgaatttgaacacacacacacacacacatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatggattcacgtatgaatctattcaaaacccaaactgtcttaactaataatatggaacagagaacatagtactacttagttgttgtgattgtatatatgtactatacttttcttgtctccaagagggagatttttttttctattgtcttttaactctttattgatgtgaaggtgtaatttgtttgtgtggaaatatttggaggaattccaaatagtattgggaatatcagatttcctcttatgctgcctgtttgctatggctaatcttgatctaactcccacctcaaaaaaaaaacatgtagcttaacatctagctttcatattagcatcctcccaattaagctggttttagctatagcctattttatggtgtttttactcattatgttcctttggaaagcaacaatataattgttttcctcattcttgtagagttgaattaattcctgtgaaaatctgaaaaaaattgtgtgtacaattccagcatttctaaacaaaagcttgaacatttgctaatatacagttttcaaaagaaaaattttggaactggatttcacgattcatttttccaaggcacttgtcctgcaaaaagttctatagctgtaatatgggcaattccttgagtaataagtcatttatttcaccgcaagttcttgcgtagttgtggtgtaggtcagattgtttttatccatgaacttattacttctgtaaattaatttggtatatattgttaagttcagctatatcctggtaatagaaaatgaatgtttttattagtaaaagttttttttataaaatgaaatgaattcatttctatgtttaggagtaaagcattgtctagcacagcaagggactgtaactaaaaatggtatgtgagttgtttcatttttgttctaactgaaccatggcaccatataacaaagtattaatcttgaataaagtcaccagatgttattttttggtcaaaataaaaaggcattttccatatatttacaatcatactaccaaattaaaattatactccctccggtttttaatgtaccacgtcattaacttttagacatatgtttgaactttttgtgttattaaaaaaataatgcaaatacgtacatattatcaagattgcggtagattcagatcaattttcttgtgtggcttgttttggcctaggagtacacggactaaccaagttattgtatcaaaatgaacaacctacaagttgttgtatctatttgcacccaccacgcaagttcatgtaccatgagcacaatttactccttatattatctttaatataaaacaaatcaaaacaaaataaatatttattacataattcttttaataagacaaatgatcaaacatcgtccaaaagtcaacagcgtcgtacatgcatggaaaacctgagggagtacccttgttgtgctttgataaaatccagcatgaactaattactaatttctcttcatatatgtgcatggcttaattcattcactaacttcatttcactatcactttgtttggaacagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgtaagtagtgccctatctatggcgatgtcatatatcattccctggtcttaaaaaaagaaaactcacaaaattatatcaagatttatgatttcagaaacatgatccctcaaagtacgttttctcctcacgtttgtgcctttcatcctgcaggttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgagaaaaacccaattatcatccaactactctcttcgtttcatattataaatcgtttaaacttttttttaagttaaacttgttttaaaaaattttgatcatcaaatgtatataaaaatatagtaatatttatagcaccaatttgcactacattcccagtgtcctgcaaccaaattgatagagagatattcgcggcagccacgaccatcaccctatgagatagaaagacggcgagtttctgcactcgcacaggcttgaaaacaagattcctaagacaatggcaccggccatctacgcatcttcaaggtgaaagaatcaaatagtttgcgaggccctctcctctaacactttgattcgtgacatctgactgctacaaatcacaacagtagatcacctaagtcagtatgtcgagctatggaccatgatccagagaataggccccttaggatactagagagacaccatcacttagaagtttacagcaaatggtgaatagtcggcaaaatcggcttatcagctacaattcctatgtgcagtaggaacggtgttcaatcaaacaatttggaaatgttaggcgcccctaaagtgcaaatttttcatatagttggtcatccaaaatagggtgtggacggctgataggctatagaagagaggttagcaaaaccaaagagtctgccccttctatagagtatcacaggaaacgacaatccatcttatcgcaaaatgcaggctctctataaggatttagacagccatacaacattgggcgagcatagacctcaaaatacaagattgggacgcttgcgcttcgatggaagaatggtggaagagggttcttcacacaccgcacatccccaaaggacctttaaaatccctgattatcctggtgggttgggagctctggtgtgagagaaacactaggatattccgccacgtggctaccaccctgacaaccatcatcgctaaaatcaaagaagaggggttggcctggatcaaagtgggatcaaagtgggagccgcaaaagctcgttgagttaacttcgttggaagaaccctatagtttctccttctgtgggctctttttttttatggcaggccctgtaaataactctttttttggttgtttgttttttctcctactctatcaatatatgcaaggtaaagctttcgtctttttttttaaaaaaaaagtgcactatatctaacaattcataaatttagttaaaactaaagtgacttaaaagttaaaaaaactaataatatgaaacggaggtaagtagttagttatttgattaactaattacatgactgacaggtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaagtaattaagctgctcgatcactgacagtgacagagcttgatgaattcgctgattaaatcattggtcgattagtaagcaaaatttcaggattcggactcgctaatcgagcgacttaatccatccagggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcaggtatgcagcctgaagaagaagaaagaaaactctcagctctgaatccatctgaaactctgaataatctgcaatgtgatatatgattctcgcgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtgagtcgtgagaagattaacaccagattttatacctgatttgatgacagattagttgtgttcttggttttggttttctgaattttgttgcttactgaacattggaatatattcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtcggtgatcgatcgctgatgactacagctgctctgaattttctcatcatcaaaatcatctatggaatgctaaatcagcagctttgatcagttcttgatgccaatttttttttctaagaaaaatgaacggaatgctatattcatagtggaattgcattgcatgtggccgcaggtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtaattattttatttaattaaaagctgcagcttttatacaactatagtaccttcaaaattgaaggtttttacgtgacatgtatttttttctattacacgaaagacgatgcgtaatgcatcatggaacacacattcaagacaagaccagcgacaaaatctctaaaattactaaatttgattttgatgtaatgtgcgcaggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcggtcagatcgagctatccatcaattacttgcctttttttctctccggtttaaaatatttgatgttaagaataatatttaaattattttttaaaaaataaaattgacctaaaacctaaagttttgaattgtgatagtgttaatacttttcgaggcaaatatgcacataaaagttttctttttctacttttttaactaacaatttgaaaaatgatttaactgtcaagttttcaaaatcctgatcaaatcttttccctgaacgtctattattttcttttacggagactgtatctactagctacttcattccacgttataataataagacgttatgatatcaccgttactcgtatagattcactatctttcatatgaatctaaacacatatataatacacacgaattaatctatacgttaatctttactacttaaaacaatgaagatgtttcttcgtccatccaaataaaaaaaaagcaaaaaaaaacataaaatgaaaggggaggcaaataaaaaaccggtgagccgaaaagaggtacaccgagcagagtgaaggaatgagtgtttggtccaaaaccaaggaaatacaatgtataggataaagctgttgtaacacacagtcattttttcattccattgaaaacactaaacgtcttgttgaactgacacgtcggcaatggccgcagatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactgatcactactagtctatcaccctttttttttccgtggttttaaatctcccgctatagctgctgctatctccagttagagcgggtactatagcaggctataagccagctgt</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071090.1 RefSeq:Os10g0404500]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

Os10g0404500

2014-06-05T12:20:37Z

Wyl0202: /* Labs working on this gene */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Sucrose Transporter Gene==
===Function===
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate the active transport of sucrose across plasma membrane barriers in a process that is coupled to proton symport. Since sucrose is the major carbohydrate translocated through the phloem in most plant species, the sucrose/H+ symporters are thought to play important roles in mediating carbon partitioning in plants, for example apoplastic phloem loading in leaves, transport of sucrose into and/or out of temporary storage sinks such as stem tissue and post-phloem transport of sucrose into sink tissue such as seeds.

The rice has five families of sucrose transporters. Despite of the previously reported OsSUT1, four putative sucrose transporter are known as OsSUT2, 3, 4 and 5. OsSUT1 encodes a functional SUT protein that is essential for transport of assimilate into filling rice grains. It has also been proposed that OsSUT1 is involved in transport of assimilate remobilised from starch reserves in leaf sheaths and in germinating seeds. Expression of OsSUT3, 4 and 5 in sink rice leaf suggests that they may be important for supplying sucrose, as a carbon source for growing tissues or possibly to supply sucrose to temporary storage tissues.Unlike the other four OsSUT genes, OsSUT2 seems to be expressed at almost equal levels in various tissues of rice plants.

The five families of sucrose transporters involve in the rice resistance to intermittent drought and secondary soil salinity.

OsSUT1 is the major salt responsive gene of the family of 5 OsSUT-genes，The function of the rice OsSUT1-gene in carbon partitioning, specifically for grain filling and seed germination.

===Expression===
The five families all contained a region that is highly conserved in known functional plant SUT genes, including OsSUT1. This domain includes the first membrane spanning helix, the following extracellular loop, the second membrane spanning helix and the next cytoplasmic loop have shown, by site-directed mutagenesis of the ''Arabidopsis'' AtSUC1 protein, that a conserved histidine residue in the extracellular loop is responsible for sucrose binding in the transport process. This histidine residue was also found to be present in all of the putative OsSUT peptides(reference <ref name="ref1" /> ).
.
[[File:SUT_1.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" The functionally important and conserved histidine residue is shown in bold. Dots indicate non-conserved amino acids, and horizontal bars indicate gaps in the sequence alignments(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

OsSUT1 mRNA accumulated to high levels in germinating seeds, source leaf sheaths and panicles, but to very low level in roots. OsSUT2 mRNA accumulated to nearly equal levels in all tissues tested. The expression patterns of OsSUT3 and 5 were found to be similar, the expression level is at its highest in sink leaves and the lowest in germinating seeds. OsSUT4 showed preferential expression in sink leaves(reference <ref name="ref3" /> and reference <ref name="ref4" />).
[[File:SUT_2.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" Analysis of expression of the five OsSUT genes, by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. For each gene, transcript levels in different tissue samples are comparable(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

The gene expression are different when the plants encounter such environmental obstacles, although the five families involved in the sucrose transporters and sucrose transport, they expressed differently in different tissues.OsSUT1 expression appeared to be non-essential for vegetative growth.

===Evolution===
We can express the ''OsSUT'' gene in yeast to test whether it's functional. Choose the yeast strain which is unable to hydrolyse exogenous sucrose but if transformed with a functional SUT, can import sucrose and hydrolyse it internally , allowing it to grow on media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source.
[[File: SUT_3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Test function in yeast(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

There is also a novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporter activity based on the ability of type I SUTs to transport the highly fluorescent molecule esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin β-D-glucoside). Using fluorescence microscopy, we can do the research conveniently.
[[File: SUT_5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Esculin uptake by yeast cells expressing StSUT1 was detected using FACS.(from reference <ref name="ref5" />).. "]]

==Labs working on this gene==
*Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
*CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
*Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Natl Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
*Natl Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rice Res, Niigata 9430193, Japan
*National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Peoples R China
*Department of Rice Research, National Agricultural Research Center, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0193 Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">Lu J M-Y. and Bush D R.(1998) His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. Proc Natl Acad 95: 9025–9030.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Aoki N, Hirose T, Scofield G N, et al.(2003）The Sucrose Transporter Gene Family in Rice. Plant and Cell Physiology 44:223-232.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">Furbank R T, Scofield G N, Hirose T, et al. (2001) Cellular localisation and function of a sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in developing rice grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol 28: 1187–1196.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">Hirose T, Imaizumi N, Scofield G N, et al. (1997) cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 38: 1389–1396.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">Gora P J, Reinders A, Ward J M, et al.(2012)A novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporters. Plant Methods 8:13.</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0404500|
Description = Sucrose transporter|
Version = NM_001071090.1 GI:115481923 GeneID:4348577|
Length = 6221 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0404500, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:14136198..14142418|
CDS = 14136282..14136437,14138096..14138161,14138312..14138410,14139725..14139789,14139915..14139999 ,14140094..14140127,14140244..14140343,14140516..14140591,14140790..14141113 ,14141795..14142310|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaaggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcgatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MAVDMELDGGGDGKGKAPPQISLSGLFLACMVAGGVQYGWALQL SLLTPYVQTLGIPHALTSVMWLCGPIAGLIVQPCVGLYSDKCTSSLGRRRPFILTGCI IICISVIVIGFSSDIGYALGDTTEDCKVYRGPRYHAAAAFILGFWLLDFSNNTVQGPA RALMADLSGRHGPSAANAIFCSWMALGNILGYSSGSTNDWHKWFPFLMTRACCEACAN LKAAFLVAVVFLGLSTAVTMVFAREVALDPVAAAKRNEGEASGLLAVFKGMKNLPVGM PSVLIVTGLTWLSWFPFILFDTDWMGREIYHGRPDGSPAEVTAFQEGVRQGAFGLLLN SIVLGISSFLIEPMCRRLGARAVWVMSSAVVCVAMAAVSVLSAWSLGDFGGSVQDAAR APAEEGGVRASALALFVFLGLPFAVLCSVPFAVTAQLAASRGGGQGLCTGVLNISIVV PQMAIALGAGPWDELFGEGNIPAFAMASVFAAAAAAAGVVLLPKVSVRSVSMAGGH</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>85..240#1899..1964#2115..2213#3528..3592#3718..3802#3897..3930#4047..4146#4319..4394#4593..4916#5598..6113#cttcgatctcttgggatataactagcttagctatagctctagctaaataggttcgtacgtataggatatttgatccattgatcgatggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcaggtatgtgtttaaggcgttttggcctttttcattttcgtctatattcattagcatctatatgaatttgaacacacacacacacacacatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatggattcacgtatgaatctattcaaaacccaaactgtcttaactaataatatggaacagagaacatagtactacttagttgttgtgattgtatatatgtactatacttttcttgtctccaagagggagatttttttttctattgtcttttaactctttattgatgtgaaggtgtaatttgtttgtgtggaaatatttggaggaattccaaatagtattgggaatatcagatttcctcttatgctgcctgtttgctatggctaatcttgatctaactcccacctcaaaaaaaaaacatgtagcttaacatctagctttcatattagcatcctcccaattaagctggttttagctatagcctattttatggtgtttttactcattatgttcctttggaaagcaacaatataattgttttcctcattcttgtagagttgaattaattcctgtgaaaatctgaaaaaaattgtgtgtacaattccagcatttctaaacaaaagcttgaacatttgctaatatacagttttcaaaagaaaaattttggaactggatttcacgattcatttttccaaggcacttgtcctgcaaaaagttctatagctgtaatatgggcaattccttgagtaataagtcatttatttcaccgcaagttcttgcgtagttgtggtgtaggtcagattgtttttatccatgaacttattacttctgtaaattaatttggtatatattgttaagttcagctatatcctggtaatagaaaatgaatgtttttattagtaaaagttttttttataaaatgaaatgaattcatttctatgtttaggagtaaagcattgtctagcacagcaagggactgtaactaaaaatggtatgtgagttgtttcatttttgttctaactgaaccatggcaccatataacaaagtattaatcttgaataaagtcaccagatgttattttttggtcaaaataaaaaggcattttccatatatttacaatcatactaccaaattaaaattatactccctccggtttttaatgtaccacgtcattaacttttagacatatgtttgaactttttgtgttattaaaaaaataatgcaaatacgtacatattatcaagattgcggtagattcagatcaattttcttgtgtggcttgttttggcctaggagtacacggactaaccaagttattgtatcaaaatgaacaacctacaagttgttgtatctatttgcacccaccacgcaagttcatgtaccatgagcacaatttactccttatattatctttaatataaaacaaatcaaaacaaaataaatatttattacataattcttttaataagacaaatgatcaaacatcgtccaaaagtcaacagcgtcgtacatgcatggaaaacctgagggagtacccttgttgtgctttgataaaatccagcatgaactaattactaatttctcttcatatatgtgcatggcttaattcattcactaacttcatttcactatcactttgtttggaacagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgtaagtagtgccctatctatggcgatgtcatatatcattccctggtcttaaaaaaagaaaactcacaaaattatatcaagatttatgatttcagaaacatgatccctcaaagtacgttttctcctcacgtttgtgcctttcatcctgcaggttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgagaaaaacccaattatcatccaactactctcttcgtttcatattataaatcgtttaaacttttttttaagttaaacttgttttaaaaaattttgatcatcaaatgtatataaaaatatagtaatatttatagcaccaatttgcactacattcccagtgtcctgcaaccaaattgatagagagatattcgcggcagccacgaccatcaccctatgagatagaaagacggcgagtttctgcactcgcacaggcttgaaaacaagattcctaagacaatggcaccggccatctacgcatcttcaaggtgaaagaatcaaatagtttgcgaggccctctcctctaacactttgattcgtgacatctgactgctacaaatcacaacagtagatcacctaagtcagtatgtcgagctatggaccatgatccagagaataggccccttaggatactagagagacaccatcacttagaagtttacagcaaatggtgaatagtcggcaaaatcggcttatcagctacaattcctatgtgcagtaggaacggtgttcaatcaaacaatttggaaatgttaggcgcccctaaagtgcaaatttttcatatagttggtcatccaaaatagggtgtggacggctgataggctatagaagagaggttagcaaaaccaaagagtctgccccttctatagagtatcacaggaaacgacaatccatcttatcgcaaaatgcaggctctctataaggatttagacagccatacaacattgggcgagcatagacctcaaaatacaagattgggacgcttgcgcttcgatggaagaatggtggaagagggttcttcacacaccgcacatccccaaaggacctttaaaatccctgattatcctggtgggttgggagctctggtgtgagagaaacactaggatattccgccacgtggctaccaccctgacaaccatcatcgctaaaatcaaagaagaggggttggcctggatcaaagtgggatcaaagtgggagccgcaaaagctcgttgagttaacttcgttggaagaaccctatagtttctccttctgtgggctctttttttttatggcaggccctgtaaataactctttttttggttgtttgttttttctcctactctatcaatatatgcaaggtaaagctttcgtctttttttttaaaaaaaaagtgcactatatctaacaattcataaatttagttaaaactaaagtgacttaaaagttaaaaaaactaataatatgaaacggaggtaagtagttagttatttgattaactaattacatgactgacaggtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaagtaattaagctgctcgatcactgacagtgacagagcttgatgaattcgctgattaaatcattggtcgattagtaagcaaaatttcaggattcggactcgctaatcgagcgacttaatccatccagggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcaggtatgcagcctgaagaagaagaaagaaaactctcagctctgaatccatctgaaactctgaataatctgcaatgtgatatatgattctcgcgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtgagtcgtgagaagattaacaccagattttatacctgatttgatgacagattagttgtgttcttggttttggttttctgaattttgttgcttactgaacattggaatatattcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtcggtgatcgatcgctgatgactacagctgctctgaattttctcatcatcaaaatcatctatggaatgctaaatcagcagctttgatcagttcttgatgccaatttttttttctaagaaaaatgaacggaatgctatattcatagtggaattgcattgcatgtggccgcaggtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtaattattttatttaattaaaagctgcagcttttatacaactatagtaccttcaaaattgaaggtttttacgtgacatgtatttttttctattacacgaaagacgatgcgtaatgcatcatggaacacacattcaagacaagaccagcgacaaaatctctaaaattactaaatttgattttgatgtaatgtgcgcaggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcggtcagatcgagctatccatcaattacttgcctttttttctctccggtttaaaatatttgatgttaagaataatatttaaattattttttaaaaaataaaattgacctaaaacctaaagttttgaattgtgatagtgttaatacttttcgaggcaaatatgcacataaaagttttctttttctacttttttaactaacaatttgaaaaatgatttaactgtcaagttttcaaaatcctgatcaaatcttttccctgaacgtctattattttcttttacggagactgtatctactagctacttcattccacgttataataataagacgttatgatatcaccgttactcgtatagattcactatctttcatatgaatctaaacacatatataatacacacgaattaatctatacgttaatctttactacttaaaacaatgaagatgtttcttcgtccatccaaataaaaaaaaagcaaaaaaaaacataaaatgaaaggggaggcaaataaaaaaccggtgagccgaaaagaggtacaccgagcagagtgaaggaatgagtgtttggtccaaaaccaaggaaatacaatgtataggataaagctgttgtaacacacagtcattttttcattccattgaaaacactaaacgtcttgttgaactgacacgtcggcaatggccgcagatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactgatcactactagtctatcaccctttttttttccgtggttttaaatctcccgctatagctgctgctatctccagttagagcgggtactatagcaggctataagccagctgt</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071090.1 RefSeq:Os10g0404500]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

File:1-s2.0-S0168945211000185-gr3.jpg

2014-06-05T12:12:43Z

Wyl0202: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) gene expression analysis of the OsSUT-gene family in paired samples of leaf blade, leaf sheath and root from individuals of Oryza sativa cv. Taipei 309, Nipponbare and Pokkali at stage V8-V10. Samples were harvested 12

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) gene expression analysis of the OsSUT-gene family in paired samples of leaf blade, leaf sheath and root from individuals of Oryza sativa cv. Taipei 309, Nipponbare and Pokkali at stage V8-V10. Samples were harvested 12 days after exposure to 75 mM NaCl (black) or a respective mock treatment (white). Data represent the mean of E−ΔΔCt values calculated using the geometric mean of the Ct values from four housekeeping genes (n = 5 plants). Note that the expression of the OsSUT3- and OsSUT5-genes was below the limits of qRT-PCR quantification. Percentages indicate significant (p < 0.05) salt induced reduction of expression relative to control levels.

Os10g0404500

2014-06-05T11:37:35Z

Wyl0202: /* Labs working on this gene */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Sucrose Transporter Gene==
===Function===
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate the active transport of sucrose across plasma membrane barriers in a process that is coupled to proton symport. Since sucrose is the major carbohydrate translocated through the phloem in most plant species, the sucrose/H+ symporters are thought to play important roles in mediating carbon partitioning in plants, for example apoplastic phloem loading in leaves, transport of sucrose into and/or out of temporary storage sinks such as stem tissue and post-phloem transport of sucrose into sink tissue such as seeds.

The rice has five families of sucrose transporters. Despite of the previously reported OsSUT1, four putative sucrose transporter are known as OsSUT2, 3, 4 and 5. OsSUT1 encodes a functional SUT protein that is essential for transport of assimilate into filling rice grains. It has also been proposed that OsSUT1 is involved in transport of assimilate remobilised from starch reserves in leaf sheaths and in germinating seeds. Expression of OsSUT3, 4 and 5 in sink rice leaf suggests that they may be important for supplying sucrose, as a carbon source for growing tissues or possibly to supply sucrose to temporary storage tissues.Unlike the other four OsSUT genes, OsSUT2 seems to be expressed at almost equal levels in various tissues of rice plants.

The five families of sucrose transporters involve in the rice resistance to intermittent drought and secondary soil salinity.

OsSUT1 is the major salt responsive gene of the family of 5 OsSUT-genes，The function of the rice OsSUT1-gene in carbon partitioning, specifically for grain filling and seed germination.

===Expression===
The five families all contained a region that is highly conserved in known functional plant SUT genes, including OsSUT1. This domain includes the first membrane spanning helix, the following extracellular loop, the second membrane spanning helix and the next cytoplasmic loop have shown, by site-directed mutagenesis of the ''Arabidopsis'' AtSUC1 protein, that a conserved histidine residue in the extracellular loop is responsible for sucrose binding in the transport process. This histidine residue was also found to be present in all of the putative OsSUT peptides(reference <ref name="ref1" /> ).
.
[[File:SUT_1.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" The functionally important and conserved histidine residue is shown in bold. Dots indicate non-conserved amino acids, and horizontal bars indicate gaps in the sequence alignments(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

OsSUT1 mRNA accumulated to high levels in germinating seeds, source leaf sheaths and panicles, but to very low level in roots. OsSUT2 mRNA accumulated to nearly equal levels in all tissues tested. The expression patterns of OsSUT3 and 5 were found to be similar, the expression level is at its highest in sink leaves and the lowest in germinating seeds. OsSUT4 showed preferential expression in sink leaves(reference <ref name="ref3" /> and reference <ref name="ref4" />).
[[File:SUT_2.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" Analysis of expression of the five OsSUT genes, by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. For each gene, transcript levels in different tissue samples are comparable(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

The gene expression are different when the plants encounter such environmental obstacles, although the five families involved in the sucrose transporters and sucrose transport, they expressed differently in different tissues.OsSUT1 expression appeared to be non-essential for vegetative growth.

===Evolution===
We can express the ''OsSUT'' gene in yeast to test whether it's functional. Choose the yeast strain which is unable to hydrolyse exogenous sucrose but if transformed with a functional SUT, can import sucrose and hydrolyse it internally , allowing it to grow on media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source.
[[File: SUT_3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Test function in yeast(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

There is also a novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporter activity based on the ability of type I SUTs to transport the highly fluorescent molecule esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin β-D-glucoside). Using fluorescence microscopy, we can do the research conveniently.
[[File: SUT_5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Esculin uptake by yeast cells expressing StSUT1 was detected using FACS.(from reference <ref name="ref5" />).. "]]

==Labs working on this gene==
*Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
*CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
*Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Natl Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
*Natl Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rice Res, Niigata 9430193, Japan
*National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Peoples R China

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">Lu J M-Y. and Bush D R.(1998) His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. Proc Natl Acad 95: 9025–9030.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Aoki N, Hirose T, Scofield G N, et al.(2003）The Sucrose Transporter Gene Family in Rice. Plant and Cell Physiology 44:223-232.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">Furbank R T, Scofield G N, Hirose T, et al. (2001) Cellular localisation and function of a sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in developing rice grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol 28: 1187–1196.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">Hirose T, Imaizumi N, Scofield G N, et al. (1997) cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 38: 1389–1396.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">Gora P J, Reinders A, Ward J M, et al.(2012)A novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporters. Plant Methods 8:13.</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0404500|
Description = Sucrose transporter|
Version = NM_001071090.1 GI:115481923 GeneID:4348577|
Length = 6221 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0404500, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:14136198..14142418|
CDS = 14136282..14136437,14138096..14138161,14138312..14138410,14139725..14139789,14139915..14139999 ,14140094..14140127,14140244..14140343,14140516..14140591,14140790..14141113 ,14141795..14142310|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaaggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcgatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MAVDMELDGGGDGKGKAPPQISLSGLFLACMVAGGVQYGWALQL SLLTPYVQTLGIPHALTSVMWLCGPIAGLIVQPCVGLYSDKCTSSLGRRRPFILTGCI IICISVIVIGFSSDIGYALGDTTEDCKVYRGPRYHAAAAFILGFWLLDFSNNTVQGPA RALMADLSGRHGPSAANAIFCSWMALGNILGYSSGSTNDWHKWFPFLMTRACCEACAN LKAAFLVAVVFLGLSTAVTMVFAREVALDPVAAAKRNEGEASGLLAVFKGMKNLPVGM PSVLIVTGLTWLSWFPFILFDTDWMGREIYHGRPDGSPAEVTAFQEGVRQGAFGLLLN SIVLGISSFLIEPMCRRLGARAVWVMSSAVVCVAMAAVSVLSAWSLGDFGGSVQDAAR APAEEGGVRASALALFVFLGLPFAVLCSVPFAVTAQLAASRGGGQGLCTGVLNISIVV PQMAIALGAGPWDELFGEGNIPAFAMASVFAAAAAAAGVVLLPKVSVRSVSMAGGH</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>85..240#1899..1964#2115..2213#3528..3592#3718..3802#3897..3930#4047..4146#4319..4394#4593..4916#5598..6113#cttcgatctcttgggatataactagcttagctatagctctagctaaataggttcgtacgtataggatatttgatccattgatcgatggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcaggtatgtgtttaaggcgttttggcctttttcattttcgtctatattcattagcatctatatgaatttgaacacacacacacacacacatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatggattcacgtatgaatctattcaaaacccaaactgtcttaactaataatatggaacagagaacatagtactacttagttgttgtgattgtatatatgtactatacttttcttgtctccaagagggagatttttttttctattgtcttttaactctttattgatgtgaaggtgtaatttgtttgtgtggaaatatttggaggaattccaaatagtattgggaatatcagatttcctcttatgctgcctgtttgctatggctaatcttgatctaactcccacctcaaaaaaaaaacatgtagcttaacatctagctttcatattagcatcctcccaattaagctggttttagctatagcctattttatggtgtttttactcattatgttcctttggaaagcaacaatataattgttttcctcattcttgtagagttgaattaattcctgtgaaaatctgaaaaaaattgtgtgtacaattccagcatttctaaacaaaagcttgaacatttgctaatatacagttttcaaaagaaaaattttggaactggatttcacgattcatttttccaaggcacttgtcctgcaaaaagttctatagctgtaatatgggcaattccttgagtaataagtcatttatttcaccgcaagttcttgcgtagttgtggtgtaggtcagattgtttttatccatgaacttattacttctgtaaattaatttggtatatattgttaagttcagctatatcctggtaatagaaaatgaatgtttttattagtaaaagttttttttataaaatgaaatgaattcatttctatgtttaggagtaaagcattgtctagcacagcaagggactgtaactaaaaatggtatgtgagttgtttcatttttgttctaactgaaccatggcaccatataacaaagtattaatcttgaataaagtcaccagatgttattttttggtcaaaataaaaaggcattttccatatatttacaatcatactaccaaattaaaattatactccctccggtttttaatgtaccacgtcattaacttttagacatatgtttgaactttttgtgttattaaaaaaataatgcaaatacgtacatattatcaagattgcggtagattcagatcaattttcttgtgtggcttgttttggcctaggagtacacggactaaccaagttattgtatcaaaatgaacaacctacaagttgttgtatctatttgcacccaccacgcaagttcatgtaccatgagcacaatttactccttatattatctttaatataaaacaaatcaaaacaaaataaatatttattacataattcttttaataagacaaatgatcaaacatcgtccaaaagtcaacagcgtcgtacatgcatggaaaacctgagggagtacccttgttgtgctttgataaaatccagcatgaactaattactaatttctcttcatatatgtgcatggcttaattcattcactaacttcatttcactatcactttgtttggaacagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgtaagtagtgccctatctatggcgatgtcatatatcattccctggtcttaaaaaaagaaaactcacaaaattatatcaagatttatgatttcagaaacatgatccctcaaagtacgttttctcctcacgtttgtgcctttcatcctgcaggttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgagaaaaacccaattatcatccaactactctcttcgtttcatattataaatcgtttaaacttttttttaagttaaacttgttttaaaaaattttgatcatcaaatgtatataaaaatatagtaatatttatagcaccaatttgcactacattcccagtgtcctgcaaccaaattgatagagagatattcgcggcagccacgaccatcaccctatgagatagaaagacggcgagtttctgcactcgcacaggcttgaaaacaagattcctaagacaatggcaccggccatctacgcatcttcaaggtgaaagaatcaaatagtttgcgaggccctctcctctaacactttgattcgtgacatctgactgctacaaatcacaacagtagatcacctaagtcagtatgtcgagctatggaccatgatccagagaataggccccttaggatactagagagacaccatcacttagaagtttacagcaaatggtgaatagtcggcaaaatcggcttatcagctacaattcctatgtgcagtaggaacggtgttcaatcaaacaatttggaaatgttaggcgcccctaaagtgcaaatttttcatatagttggtcatccaaaatagggtgtggacggctgataggctatagaagagaggttagcaaaaccaaagagtctgccccttctatagagtatcacaggaaacgacaatccatcttatcgcaaaatgcaggctctctataaggatttagacagccatacaacattgggcgagcatagacctcaaaatacaagattgggacgcttgcgcttcgatggaagaatggtggaagagggttcttcacacaccgcacatccccaaaggacctttaaaatccctgattatcctggtgggttgggagctctggtgtgagagaaacactaggatattccgccacgtggctaccaccctgacaaccatcatcgctaaaatcaaagaagaggggttggcctggatcaaagtgggatcaaagtgggagccgcaaaagctcgttgagttaacttcgttggaagaaccctatagtttctccttctgtgggctctttttttttatggcaggccctgtaaataactctttttttggttgtttgttttttctcctactctatcaatatatgcaaggtaaagctttcgtctttttttttaaaaaaaaagtgcactatatctaacaattcataaatttagttaaaactaaagtgacttaaaagttaaaaaaactaataatatgaaacggaggtaagtagttagttatttgattaactaattacatgactgacaggtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaagtaattaagctgctcgatcactgacagtgacagagcttgatgaattcgctgattaaatcattggtcgattagtaagcaaaatttcaggattcggactcgctaatcgagcgacttaatccatccagggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcaggtatgcagcctgaagaagaagaaagaaaactctcagctctgaatccatctgaaactctgaataatctgcaatgtgatatatgattctcgcgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtgagtcgtgagaagattaacaccagattttatacctgatttgatgacagattagttgtgttcttggttttggttttctgaattttgttgcttactgaacattggaatatattcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtcggtgatcgatcgctgatgactacagctgctctgaattttctcatcatcaaaatcatctatggaatgctaaatcagcagctttgatcagttcttgatgccaatttttttttctaagaaaaatgaacggaatgctatattcatagtggaattgcattgcatgtggccgcaggtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtaattattttatttaattaaaagctgcagcttttatacaactatagtaccttcaaaattgaaggtttttacgtgacatgtatttttttctattacacgaaagacgatgcgtaatgcatcatggaacacacattcaagacaagaccagcgacaaaatctctaaaattactaaatttgattttgatgtaatgtgcgcaggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcggtcagatcgagctatccatcaattacttgcctttttttctctccggtttaaaatatttgatgttaagaataatatttaaattattttttaaaaaataaaattgacctaaaacctaaagttttgaattgtgatagtgttaatacttttcgaggcaaatatgcacataaaagttttctttttctacttttttaactaacaatttgaaaaatgatttaactgtcaagttttcaaaatcctgatcaaatcttttccctgaacgtctattattttcttttacggagactgtatctactagctacttcattccacgttataataataagacgttatgatatcaccgttactcgtatagattcactatctttcatatgaatctaaacacatatataatacacacgaattaatctatacgttaatctttactacttaaaacaatgaagatgtttcttcgtccatccaaataaaaaaaaagcaaaaaaaaacataaaatgaaaggggaggcaaataaaaaaccggtgagccgaaaagaggtacaccgagcagagtgaaggaatgagtgtttggtccaaaaccaaggaaatacaatgtataggataaagctgttgtaacacacagtcattttttcattccattgaaaacactaaacgtcttgttgaactgacacgtcggcaatggccgcagatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactgatcactactagtctatcaccctttttttttccgtggttttaaatctcccgctatagctgctgctatctccagttagagcgggtactatagcaggctataagccagctgt</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071090.1 RefSeq:Os10g0404500]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

Os10g0404500

2014-06-05T11:36:07Z

Wyl0202: /* Labs working on this gene */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Sucrose Transporter Gene==
===Function===
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate the active transport of sucrose across plasma membrane barriers in a process that is coupled to proton symport. Since sucrose is the major carbohydrate translocated through the phloem in most plant species, the sucrose/H+ symporters are thought to play important roles in mediating carbon partitioning in plants, for example apoplastic phloem loading in leaves, transport of sucrose into and/or out of temporary storage sinks such as stem tissue and post-phloem transport of sucrose into sink tissue such as seeds.

The rice has five families of sucrose transporters. Despite of the previously reported OsSUT1, four putative sucrose transporter are known as OsSUT2, 3, 4 and 5. OsSUT1 encodes a functional SUT protein that is essential for transport of assimilate into filling rice grains. It has also been proposed that OsSUT1 is involved in transport of assimilate remobilised from starch reserves in leaf sheaths and in germinating seeds. Expression of OsSUT3, 4 and 5 in sink rice leaf suggests that they may be important for supplying sucrose, as a carbon source for growing tissues or possibly to supply sucrose to temporary storage tissues.Unlike the other four OsSUT genes, OsSUT2 seems to be expressed at almost equal levels in various tissues of rice plants.

The five families of sucrose transporters involve in the rice resistance to intermittent drought and secondary soil salinity.

OsSUT1 is the major salt responsive gene of the family of 5 OsSUT-genes，The function of the rice OsSUT1-gene in carbon partitioning, specifically for grain filling and seed germination.

===Expression===
The five families all contained a region that is highly conserved in known functional plant SUT genes, including OsSUT1. This domain includes the first membrane spanning helix, the following extracellular loop, the second membrane spanning helix and the next cytoplasmic loop have shown, by site-directed mutagenesis of the ''Arabidopsis'' AtSUC1 protein, that a conserved histidine residue in the extracellular loop is responsible for sucrose binding in the transport process. This histidine residue was also found to be present in all of the putative OsSUT peptides(reference <ref name="ref1" /> ).
.
[[File:SUT_1.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" The functionally important and conserved histidine residue is shown in bold. Dots indicate non-conserved amino acids, and horizontal bars indicate gaps in the sequence alignments(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

OsSUT1 mRNA accumulated to high levels in germinating seeds, source leaf sheaths and panicles, but to very low level in roots. OsSUT2 mRNA accumulated to nearly equal levels in all tissues tested. The expression patterns of OsSUT3 and 5 were found to be similar, the expression level is at its highest in sink leaves and the lowest in germinating seeds. OsSUT4 showed preferential expression in sink leaves(reference <ref name="ref3" /> and reference <ref name="ref4" />).
[[File:SUT_2.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" Analysis of expression of the five OsSUT genes, by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. For each gene, transcript levels in different tissue samples are comparable(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

The gene expression are different when the plants encounter such environmental obstacles, although the five families involved in the sucrose transporters and sucrose transport, they expressed differently in different tissues.OsSUT1 expression appeared to be non-essential for vegetative growth.

===Evolution===
We can express the ''OsSUT'' gene in yeast to test whether it's functional. Choose the yeast strain which is unable to hydrolyse exogenous sucrose but if transformed with a functional SUT, can import sucrose and hydrolyse it internally , allowing it to grow on media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source.
[[File: SUT_3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Test function in yeast(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

There is also a novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporter activity based on the ability of type I SUTs to transport the highly fluorescent molecule esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin β-D-glucoside). Using fluorescence microscopy, we can do the research conveniently.
[[File: SUT_5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Esculin uptake by yeast cells expressing StSUT1 was detected using FACS.(from reference <ref name="ref5" />).. "]]

==Labs working on this gene==
*Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
*CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
*Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Natl Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
*Natl Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rice Res, Niigata 9430193, Japan
National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Peoples R China

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">Lu J M-Y. and Bush D R.(1998) His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. Proc Natl Acad 95: 9025–9030.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Aoki N, Hirose T, Scofield G N, et al.(2003）The Sucrose Transporter Gene Family in Rice. Plant and Cell Physiology 44:223-232.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">Furbank R T, Scofield G N, Hirose T, et al. (2001) Cellular localisation and function of a sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in developing rice grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol 28: 1187–1196.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">Hirose T, Imaizumi N, Scofield G N, et al. (1997) cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 38: 1389–1396.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">Gora P J, Reinders A, Ward J M, et al.(2012)A novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporters. Plant Methods 8:13.</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0404500|
Description = Sucrose transporter|
Version = NM_001071090.1 GI:115481923 GeneID:4348577|
Length = 6221 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0404500, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:14136198..14142418|
CDS = 14136282..14136437,14138096..14138161,14138312..14138410,14139725..14139789,14139915..14139999 ,14140094..14140127,14140244..14140343,14140516..14140591,14140790..14141113 ,14141795..14142310|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaaggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcgatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MAVDMELDGGGDGKGKAPPQISLSGLFLACMVAGGVQYGWALQL SLLTPYVQTLGIPHALTSVMWLCGPIAGLIVQPCVGLYSDKCTSSLGRRRPFILTGCI IICISVIVIGFSSDIGYALGDTTEDCKVYRGPRYHAAAAFILGFWLLDFSNNTVQGPA RALMADLSGRHGPSAANAIFCSWMALGNILGYSSGSTNDWHKWFPFLMTRACCEACAN LKAAFLVAVVFLGLSTAVTMVFAREVALDPVAAAKRNEGEASGLLAVFKGMKNLPVGM PSVLIVTGLTWLSWFPFILFDTDWMGREIYHGRPDGSPAEVTAFQEGVRQGAFGLLLN SIVLGISSFLIEPMCRRLGARAVWVMSSAVVCVAMAAVSVLSAWSLGDFGGSVQDAAR APAEEGGVRASALALFVFLGLPFAVLCSVPFAVTAQLAASRGGGQGLCTGVLNISIVV PQMAIALGAGPWDELFGEGNIPAFAMASVFAAAAAAAGVVLLPKVSVRSVSMAGGH</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>85..240#1899..1964#2115..2213#3528..3592#3718..3802#3897..3930#4047..4146#4319..4394#4593..4916#5598..6113#cttcgatctcttgggatataactagcttagctatagctctagctaaataggttcgtacgtataggatatttgatccattgatcgatggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcaggtatgtgtttaaggcgttttggcctttttcattttcgtctatattcattagcatctatatgaatttgaacacacacacacacacacatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatggattcacgtatgaatctattcaaaacccaaactgtcttaactaataatatggaacagagaacatagtactacttagttgttgtgattgtatatatgtactatacttttcttgtctccaagagggagatttttttttctattgtcttttaactctttattgatgtgaaggtgtaatttgtttgtgtggaaatatttggaggaattccaaatagtattgggaatatcagatttcctcttatgctgcctgtttgctatggctaatcttgatctaactcccacctcaaaaaaaaaacatgtagcttaacatctagctttcatattagcatcctcccaattaagctggttttagctatagcctattttatggtgtttttactcattatgttcctttggaaagcaacaatataattgttttcctcattcttgtagagttgaattaattcctgtgaaaatctgaaaaaaattgtgtgtacaattccagcatttctaaacaaaagcttgaacatttgctaatatacagttttcaaaagaaaaattttggaactggatttcacgattcatttttccaaggcacttgtcctgcaaaaagttctatagctgtaatatgggcaattccttgagtaataagtcatttatttcaccgcaagttcttgcgtagttgtggtgtaggtcagattgtttttatccatgaacttattacttctgtaaattaatttggtatatattgttaagttcagctatatcctggtaatagaaaatgaatgtttttattagtaaaagttttttttataaaatgaaatgaattcatttctatgtttaggagtaaagcattgtctagcacagcaagggactgtaactaaaaatggtatgtgagttgtttcatttttgttctaactgaaccatggcaccatataacaaagtattaatcttgaataaagtcaccagatgttattttttggtcaaaataaaaaggcattttccatatatttacaatcatactaccaaattaaaattatactccctccggtttttaatgtaccacgtcattaacttttagacatatgtttgaactttttgtgttattaaaaaaataatgcaaatacgtacatattatcaagattgcggtagattcagatcaattttcttgtgtggcttgttttggcctaggagtacacggactaaccaagttattgtatcaaaatgaacaacctacaagttgttgtatctatttgcacccaccacgcaagttcatgtaccatgagcacaatttactccttatattatctttaatataaaacaaatcaaaacaaaataaatatttattacataattcttttaataagacaaatgatcaaacatcgtccaaaagtcaacagcgtcgtacatgcatggaaaacctgagggagtacccttgttgtgctttgataaaatccagcatgaactaattactaatttctcttcatatatgtgcatggcttaattcattcactaacttcatttcactatcactttgtttggaacagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgtaagtagtgccctatctatggcgatgtcatatatcattccctggtcttaaaaaaagaaaactcacaaaattatatcaagatttatgatttcagaaacatgatccctcaaagtacgttttctcctcacgtttgtgcctttcatcctgcaggttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgagaaaaacccaattatcatccaactactctcttcgtttcatattataaatcgtttaaacttttttttaagttaaacttgttttaaaaaattttgatcatcaaatgtatataaaaatatagtaatatttatagcaccaatttgcactacattcccagtgtcctgcaaccaaattgatagagagatattcgcggcagccacgaccatcaccctatgagatagaaagacggcgagtttctgcactcgcacaggcttgaaaacaagattcctaagacaatggcaccggccatctacgcatcttcaaggtgaaagaatcaaatagtttgcgaggccctctcctctaacactttgattcgtgacatctgactgctacaaatcacaacagtagatcacctaagtcagtatgtcgagctatggaccatgatccagagaataggccccttaggatactagagagacaccatcacttagaagtttacagcaaatggtgaatagtcggcaaaatcggcttatcagctacaattcctatgtgcagtaggaacggtgttcaatcaaacaatttggaaatgttaggcgcccctaaagtgcaaatttttcatatagttggtcatccaaaatagggtgtggacggctgataggctatagaagagaggttagcaaaaccaaagagtctgccccttctatagagtatcacaggaaacgacaatccatcttatcgcaaaatgcaggctctctataaggatttagacagccatacaacattgggcgagcatagacctcaaaatacaagattgggacgcttgcgcttcgatggaagaatggtggaagagggttcttcacacaccgcacatccccaaaggacctttaaaatccctgattatcctggtgggttgggagctctggtgtgagagaaacactaggatattccgccacgtggctaccaccctgacaaccatcatcgctaaaatcaaagaagaggggttggcctggatcaaagtgggatcaaagtgggagccgcaaaagctcgttgagttaacttcgttggaagaaccctatagtttctccttctgtgggctctttttttttatggcaggccctgtaaataactctttttttggttgtttgttttttctcctactctatcaatatatgcaaggtaaagctttcgtctttttttttaaaaaaaaagtgcactatatctaacaattcataaatttagttaaaactaaagtgacttaaaagttaaaaaaactaataatatgaaacggaggtaagtagttagttatttgattaactaattacatgactgacaggtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaagtaattaagctgctcgatcactgacagtgacagagcttgatgaattcgctgattaaatcattggtcgattagtaagcaaaatttcaggattcggactcgctaatcgagcgacttaatccatccagggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcaggtatgcagcctgaagaagaagaaagaaaactctcagctctgaatccatctgaaactctgaataatctgcaatgtgatatatgattctcgcgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtgagtcgtgagaagattaacaccagattttatacctgatttgatgacagattagttgtgttcttggttttggttttctgaattttgttgcttactgaacattggaatatattcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtcggtgatcgatcgctgatgactacagctgctctgaattttctcatcatcaaaatcatctatggaatgctaaatcagcagctttgatcagttcttgatgccaatttttttttctaagaaaaatgaacggaatgctatattcatagtggaattgcattgcatgtggccgcaggtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtaattattttatttaattaaaagctgcagcttttatacaactatagtaccttcaaaattgaaggtttttacgtgacatgtatttttttctattacacgaaagacgatgcgtaatgcatcatggaacacacattcaagacaagaccagcgacaaaatctctaaaattactaaatttgattttgatgtaatgtgcgcaggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcggtcagatcgagctatccatcaattacttgcctttttttctctccggtttaaaatatttgatgttaagaataatatttaaattattttttaaaaaataaaattgacctaaaacctaaagttttgaattgtgatagtgttaatacttttcgaggcaaatatgcacataaaagttttctttttctacttttttaactaacaatttgaaaaatgatttaactgtcaagttttcaaaatcctgatcaaatcttttccctgaacgtctattattttcttttacggagactgtatctactagctacttcattccacgttataataataagacgttatgatatcaccgttactcgtatagattcactatctttcatatgaatctaaacacatatataatacacacgaattaatctatacgttaatctttactacttaaaacaatgaagatgtttcttcgtccatccaaataaaaaaaaagcaaaaaaaaacataaaatgaaaggggaggcaaataaaaaaccggtgagccgaaaagaggtacaccgagcagagtgaaggaatgagtgtttggtccaaaaccaaggaaatacaatgtataggataaagctgttgtaacacacagtcattttttcattccattgaaaacactaaacgtcttgttgaactgacacgtcggcaatggccgcagatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactgatcactactagtctatcaccctttttttttccgtggttttaaatctcccgctatagctgctgctatctccagttagagcgggtactatagcaggctataagccagctgt</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071090.1 RefSeq:Os10g0404500]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

Os10g0404500

2014-06-05T11:24:48Z

Wyl0202: /* Expression */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Sucrose Transporter Gene==
===Function===
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate the active transport of sucrose across plasma membrane barriers in a process that is coupled to proton symport. Since sucrose is the major carbohydrate translocated through the phloem in most plant species, the sucrose/H+ symporters are thought to play important roles in mediating carbon partitioning in plants, for example apoplastic phloem loading in leaves, transport of sucrose into and/or out of temporary storage sinks such as stem tissue and post-phloem transport of sucrose into sink tissue such as seeds.

The rice has five families of sucrose transporters. Despite of the previously reported OsSUT1, four putative sucrose transporter are known as OsSUT2, 3, 4 and 5. OsSUT1 encodes a functional SUT protein that is essential for transport of assimilate into filling rice grains. It has also been proposed that OsSUT1 is involved in transport of assimilate remobilised from starch reserves in leaf sheaths and in germinating seeds. Expression of OsSUT3, 4 and 5 in sink rice leaf suggests that they may be important for supplying sucrose, as a carbon source for growing tissues or possibly to supply sucrose to temporary storage tissues.Unlike the other four OsSUT genes, OsSUT2 seems to be expressed at almost equal levels in various tissues of rice plants.

The five families of sucrose transporters involve in the rice resistance to intermittent drought and secondary soil salinity.

OsSUT1 is the major salt responsive gene of the family of 5 OsSUT-genes，The function of the rice OsSUT1-gene in carbon partitioning, specifically for grain filling and seed germination.

===Expression===
The five families all contained a region that is highly conserved in known functional plant SUT genes, including OsSUT1. This domain includes the first membrane spanning helix, the following extracellular loop, the second membrane spanning helix and the next cytoplasmic loop have shown, by site-directed mutagenesis of the ''Arabidopsis'' AtSUC1 protein, that a conserved histidine residue in the extracellular loop is responsible for sucrose binding in the transport process. This histidine residue was also found to be present in all of the putative OsSUT peptides(reference <ref name="ref1" /> ).
.
[[File:SUT_1.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" The functionally important and conserved histidine residue is shown in bold. Dots indicate non-conserved amino acids, and horizontal bars indicate gaps in the sequence alignments(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

OsSUT1 mRNA accumulated to high levels in germinating seeds, source leaf sheaths and panicles, but to very low level in roots. OsSUT2 mRNA accumulated to nearly equal levels in all tissues tested. The expression patterns of OsSUT3 and 5 were found to be similar, the expression level is at its highest in sink leaves and the lowest in germinating seeds. OsSUT4 showed preferential expression in sink leaves(reference <ref name="ref3" /> and reference <ref name="ref4" />).
[[File:SUT_2.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" Analysis of expression of the five OsSUT genes, by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. For each gene, transcript levels in different tissue samples are comparable(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

The gene expression are different when the plants encounter such environmental obstacles, although the five families involved in the sucrose transporters and sucrose transport, they expressed differently in different tissues.OsSUT1 expression appeared to be non-essential for vegetative growth.

===Evolution===
We can express the ''OsSUT'' gene in yeast to test whether it's functional. Choose the yeast strain which is unable to hydrolyse exogenous sucrose but if transformed with a functional SUT, can import sucrose and hydrolyse it internally , allowing it to grow on media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source.
[[File: SUT_3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Test function in yeast(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

There is also a novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporter activity based on the ability of type I SUTs to transport the highly fluorescent molecule esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin β-D-glucoside). Using fluorescence microscopy, we can do the research conveniently.
[[File: SUT_5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Esculin uptake by yeast cells expressing StSUT1 was detected using FACS.(from reference <ref name="ref5" />).. "]]

==Labs working on this gene==
*Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
*CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
*Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Natl Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
*Natl Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rice Res, Niigata 9430193, Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">Lu J M-Y. and Bush D R.(1998) His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. Proc Natl Acad 95: 9025–9030.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Aoki N, Hirose T, Scofield G N, et al.(2003）The Sucrose Transporter Gene Family in Rice. Plant and Cell Physiology 44:223-232.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">Furbank R T, Scofield G N, Hirose T, et al. (2001) Cellular localisation and function of a sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in developing rice grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol 28: 1187–1196.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">Hirose T, Imaizumi N, Scofield G N, et al. (1997) cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 38: 1389–1396.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">Gora P J, Reinders A, Ward J M, et al.(2012)A novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporters. Plant Methods 8:13.</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0404500|
Description = Sucrose transporter|
Version = NM_001071090.1 GI:115481923 GeneID:4348577|
Length = 6221 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0404500, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:14136198..14142418|
CDS = 14136282..14136437,14138096..14138161,14138312..14138410,14139725..14139789,14139915..14139999 ,14140094..14140127,14140244..14140343,14140516..14140591,14140790..14141113 ,14141795..14142310|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaaggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcgatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MAVDMELDGGGDGKGKAPPQISLSGLFLACMVAGGVQYGWALQL SLLTPYVQTLGIPHALTSVMWLCGPIAGLIVQPCVGLYSDKCTSSLGRRRPFILTGCI IICISVIVIGFSSDIGYALGDTTEDCKVYRGPRYHAAAAFILGFWLLDFSNNTVQGPA RALMADLSGRHGPSAANAIFCSWMALGNILGYSSGSTNDWHKWFPFLMTRACCEACAN LKAAFLVAVVFLGLSTAVTMVFAREVALDPVAAAKRNEGEASGLLAVFKGMKNLPVGM PSVLIVTGLTWLSWFPFILFDTDWMGREIYHGRPDGSPAEVTAFQEGVRQGAFGLLLN SIVLGISSFLIEPMCRRLGARAVWVMSSAVVCVAMAAVSVLSAWSLGDFGGSVQDAAR APAEEGGVRASALALFVFLGLPFAVLCSVPFAVTAQLAASRGGGQGLCTGVLNISIVV PQMAIALGAGPWDELFGEGNIPAFAMASVFAAAAAAAGVVLLPKVSVRSVSMAGGH</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>85..240#1899..1964#2115..2213#3528..3592#3718..3802#3897..3930#4047..4146#4319..4394#4593..4916#5598..6113#cttcgatctcttgggatataactagcttagctatagctctagctaaataggttcgtacgtataggatatttgatccattgatcgatggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcaggtatgtgtttaaggcgttttggcctttttcattttcgtctatattcattagcatctatatgaatttgaacacacacacacacacacatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatggattcacgtatgaatctattcaaaacccaaactgtcttaactaataatatggaacagagaacatagtactacttagttgttgtgattgtatatatgtactatacttttcttgtctccaagagggagatttttttttctattgtcttttaactctttattgatgtgaaggtgtaatttgtttgtgtggaaatatttggaggaattccaaatagtattgggaatatcagatttcctcttatgctgcctgtttgctatggctaatcttgatctaactcccacctcaaaaaaaaaacatgtagcttaacatctagctttcatattagcatcctcccaattaagctggttttagctatagcctattttatggtgtttttactcattatgttcctttggaaagcaacaatataattgttttcctcattcttgtagagttgaattaattcctgtgaaaatctgaaaaaaattgtgtgtacaattccagcatttctaaacaaaagcttgaacatttgctaatatacagttttcaaaagaaaaattttggaactggatttcacgattcatttttccaaggcacttgtcctgcaaaaagttctatagctgtaatatgggcaattccttgagtaataagtcatttatttcaccgcaagttcttgcgtagttgtggtgtaggtcagattgtttttatccatgaacttattacttctgtaaattaatttggtatatattgttaagttcagctatatcctggtaatagaaaatgaatgtttttattagtaaaagttttttttataaaatgaaatgaattcatttctatgtttaggagtaaagcattgtctagcacagcaagggactgtaactaaaaatggtatgtgagttgtttcatttttgttctaactgaaccatggcaccatataacaaagtattaatcttgaataaagtcaccagatgttattttttggtcaaaataaaaaggcattttccatatatttacaatcatactaccaaattaaaattatactccctccggtttttaatgtaccacgtcattaacttttagacatatgtttgaactttttgtgttattaaaaaaataatgcaaatacgtacatattatcaagattgcggtagattcagatcaattttcttgtgtggcttgttttggcctaggagtacacggactaaccaagttattgtatcaaaatgaacaacctacaagttgttgtatctatttgcacccaccacgcaagttcatgtaccatgagcacaatttactccttatattatctttaatataaaacaaatcaaaacaaaataaatatttattacataattcttttaataagacaaatgatcaaacatcgtccaaaagtcaacagcgtcgtacatgcatggaaaacctgagggagtacccttgttgtgctttgataaaatccagcatgaactaattactaatttctcttcatatatgtgcatggcttaattcattcactaacttcatttcactatcactttgtttggaacagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgtaagtagtgccctatctatggcgatgtcatatatcattccctggtcttaaaaaaagaaaactcacaaaattatatcaagatttatgatttcagaaacatgatccctcaaagtacgttttctcctcacgtttgtgcctttcatcctgcaggttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgagaaaaacccaattatcatccaactactctcttcgtttcatattataaatcgtttaaacttttttttaagttaaacttgttttaaaaaattttgatcatcaaatgtatataaaaatatagtaatatttatagcaccaatttgcactacattcccagtgtcctgcaaccaaattgatagagagatattcgcggcagccacgaccatcaccctatgagatagaaagacggcgagtttctgcactcgcacaggcttgaaaacaagattcctaagacaatggcaccggccatctacgcatcttcaaggtgaaagaatcaaatagtttgcgaggccctctcctctaacactttgattcgtgacatctgactgctacaaatcacaacagtagatcacctaagtcagtatgtcgagctatggaccatgatccagagaataggccccttaggatactagagagacaccatcacttagaagtttacagcaaatggtgaatagtcggcaaaatcggcttatcagctacaattcctatgtgcagtaggaacggtgttcaatcaaacaatttggaaatgttaggcgcccctaaagtgcaaatttttcatatagttggtcatccaaaatagggtgtggacggctgataggctatagaagagaggttagcaaaaccaaagagtctgccccttctatagagtatcacaggaaacgacaatccatcttatcgcaaaatgcaggctctctataaggatttagacagccatacaacattgggcgagcatagacctcaaaatacaagattgggacgcttgcgcttcgatggaagaatggtggaagagggttcttcacacaccgcacatccccaaaggacctttaaaatccctgattatcctggtgggttgggagctctggtgtgagagaaacactaggatattccgccacgtggctaccaccctgacaaccatcatcgctaaaatcaaagaagaggggttggcctggatcaaagtgggatcaaagtgggagccgcaaaagctcgttgagttaacttcgttggaagaaccctatagtttctccttctgtgggctctttttttttatggcaggccctgtaaataactctttttttggttgtttgttttttctcctactctatcaatatatgcaaggtaaagctttcgtctttttttttaaaaaaaaagtgcactatatctaacaattcataaatttagttaaaactaaagtgacttaaaagttaaaaaaactaataatatgaaacggaggtaagtagttagttatttgattaactaattacatgactgacaggtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaagtaattaagctgctcgatcactgacagtgacagagcttgatgaattcgctgattaaatcattggtcgattagtaagcaaaatttcaggattcggactcgctaatcgagcgacttaatccatccagggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcaggtatgcagcctgaagaagaagaaagaaaactctcagctctgaatccatctgaaactctgaataatctgcaatgtgatatatgattctcgcgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtgagtcgtgagaagattaacaccagattttatacctgatttgatgacagattagttgtgttcttggttttggttttctgaattttgttgcttactgaacattggaatatattcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtcggtgatcgatcgctgatgactacagctgctctgaattttctcatcatcaaaatcatctatggaatgctaaatcagcagctttgatcagttcttgatgccaatttttttttctaagaaaaatgaacggaatgctatattcatagtggaattgcattgcatgtggccgcaggtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtaattattttatttaattaaaagctgcagcttttatacaactatagtaccttcaaaattgaaggtttttacgtgacatgtatttttttctattacacgaaagacgatgcgtaatgcatcatggaacacacattcaagacaagaccagcgacaaaatctctaaaattactaaatttgattttgatgtaatgtgcgcaggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcggtcagatcgagctatccatcaattacttgcctttttttctctccggtttaaaatatttgatgttaagaataatatttaaattattttttaaaaaataaaattgacctaaaacctaaagttttgaattgtgatagtgttaatacttttcgaggcaaatatgcacataaaagttttctttttctacttttttaactaacaatttgaaaaatgatttaactgtcaagttttcaaaatcctgatcaaatcttttccctgaacgtctattattttcttttacggagactgtatctactagctacttcattccacgttataataataagacgttatgatatcaccgttactcgtatagattcactatctttcatatgaatctaaacacatatataatacacacgaattaatctatacgttaatctttactacttaaaacaatgaagatgtttcttcgtccatccaaataaaaaaaaagcaaaaaaaaacataaaatgaaaggggaggcaaataaaaaaccggtgagccgaaaagaggtacaccgagcagagtgaaggaatgagtgtttggtccaaaaccaaggaaatacaatgtataggataaagctgttgtaacacacagtcattttttcattccattgaaaacactaaacgtcttgttgaactgacacgtcggcaatggccgcagatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactgatcactactagtctatcaccctttttttttccgtggttttaaatctcccgctatagctgctgctatctccagttagagcgggtactatagcaggctataagccagctgt</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071090.1 RefSeq:Os10g0404500]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

Os10g0404500

2014-06-05T11:12:57Z

Wyl0202: /* Function */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Sucrose Transporter Gene==
===Function===
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate the active transport of sucrose across plasma membrane barriers in a process that is coupled to proton symport. Since sucrose is the major carbohydrate translocated through the phloem in most plant species, the sucrose/H+ symporters are thought to play important roles in mediating carbon partitioning in plants, for example apoplastic phloem loading in leaves, transport of sucrose into and/or out of temporary storage sinks such as stem tissue and post-phloem transport of sucrose into sink tissue such as seeds.

The rice has five families of sucrose transporters. Despite of the previously reported OsSUT1, four putative sucrose transporter are known as OsSUT2, 3, 4 and 5. OsSUT1 encodes a functional SUT protein that is essential for transport of assimilate into filling rice grains. It has also been proposed that OsSUT1 is involved in transport of assimilate remobilised from starch reserves in leaf sheaths and in germinating seeds. Expression of OsSUT3, 4 and 5 in sink rice leaf suggests that they may be important for supplying sucrose, as a carbon source for growing tissues or possibly to supply sucrose to temporary storage tissues.Unlike the other four OsSUT genes, OsSUT2 seems to be expressed at almost equal levels in various tissues of rice plants.

The five families of sucrose transporters involve in the rice resistance to intermittent drought and secondary soil salinity.

OsSUT1 is the major salt responsive gene of the family of 5 OsSUT-genes，The function of the rice OsSUT1-gene in carbon partitioning, specifically for grain filling and seed germination.

===Expression===
The five families all contained a region that is highly conserved in known functional plant SUT genes, including OsSUT1. This domain includes the first membrane spanning helix, the following extracellular loop, the second membrane spanning helix and the next cytoplasmic loop have shown, by site-directed mutagenesis of the ''Arabidopsis'' AtSUC1 protein, that a conserved histidine residue in the extracellular loop is responsible for sucrose binding in the transport process. This histidine residue was also found to be present in all of the putative OsSUT peptides(reference <ref name="ref1" /> ).
.
[[File:SUT_1.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" The functionally important and conserved histidine residue is shown in bold. Dots indicate non-conserved amino acids, and horizontal bars indicate gaps in the sequence alignments(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

OsSUT1 mRNA accumulated to high levels in germinating seeds, source leaf sheaths and panicles, but to very low level in roots. OsSUT2 mRNA accumulated to nearly equal levels in all tissues tested. The expression patterns of OsSUT3 and 5 were found to be similar, the expression level is at its highest in sink leaves and the lowest in germinating seeds. OsSUT4 showed preferential expression in sink leaves(reference <ref name="ref3" /> and reference <ref name="ref4" />).
[[File:SUT_2.jpg|center|thumb|250x150px|" Analysis of expression of the five OsSUT genes, by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. For each gene, transcript levels in different tissue samples are comparable(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

===Evolution===
We can express the ''OsSUT'' gene in yeast to test whether it's functional. Choose the yeast strain which is unable to hydrolyse exogenous sucrose but if transformed with a functional SUT, can import sucrose and hydrolyse it internally , allowing it to grow on media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source.
[[File: SUT_3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Test function in yeast(from reference <ref name="ref2" />).. "]]

There is also a novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporter activity based on the ability of type I SUTs to transport the highly fluorescent molecule esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin β-D-glucoside). Using fluorescence microscopy, we can do the research conveniently.
[[File: SUT_5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|" Esculin uptake by yeast cells expressing StSUT1 was detected using FACS.(from reference <ref name="ref5" />).. "]]

==Labs working on this gene==
*Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
*CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
*Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Natl Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
*Natl Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rice Res, Niigata 9430193, Japan

==References==
<references>
<ref name="ref1">Lu J M-Y. and Bush D R.(1998) His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. Proc Natl Acad 95: 9025–9030.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Aoki N, Hirose T, Scofield G N, et al.(2003）The Sucrose Transporter Gene Family in Rice. Plant and Cell Physiology 44:223-232.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">Furbank R T, Scofield G N, Hirose T, et al. (2001) Cellular localisation and function of a sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in developing rice grains. Aust. J. Plant Physiol 28: 1187–1196.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">Hirose T, Imaizumi N, Scofield G N, et al. (1997) cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 38: 1389–1396.</ref>
<ref name="ref5">Gora P J, Reinders A, Ward J M, et al.(2012)A novel fluorescent assay for sucrose transporters. Plant Methods 8:13.</ref>

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0404500|
Description = Sucrose transporter|
Version = NM_001071090.1 GI:115481923 GeneID:4348577|
Length = 6221 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0404500, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:14136198..14142418|
CDS = 14136282..14136437,14138096..14138161,14138312..14138410,14139725..14139789,14139915..14139999 ,14140094..14140127,14140244..14140343,14140516..14140591,14140790..14141113 ,14141795..14142310|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:14136198..14142418
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaaggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcgatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MAVDMELDGGGDGKGKAPPQISLSGLFLACMVAGGVQYGWALQL SLLTPYVQTLGIPHALTSVMWLCGPIAGLIVQPCVGLYSDKCTSSLGRRRPFILTGCI IICISVIVIGFSSDIGYALGDTTEDCKVYRGPRYHAAAAFILGFWLLDFSNNTVQGPA RALMADLSGRHGPSAANAIFCSWMALGNILGYSSGSTNDWHKWFPFLMTRACCEACAN LKAAFLVAVVFLGLSTAVTMVFAREVALDPVAAAKRNEGEASGLLAVFKGMKNLPVGM PSVLIVTGLTWLSWFPFILFDTDWMGREIYHGRPDGSPAEVTAFQEGVRQGAFGLLLN SIVLGISSFLIEPMCRRLGARAVWVMSSAVVCVAMAAVSVLSAWSLGDFGGSVQDAAR APAEEGGVRASALALFVFLGLPFAVLCSVPFAVTAQLAASRGGGQGLCTGVLNISIVV PQMAIALGAGPWDELFGEGNIPAFAMASVFAAAAAAAGVVLLPKVSVRSVSMAGGH</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>85..240#1899..1964#2115..2213#3528..3592#3718..3802#3897..3930#4047..4146#4319..4394#4593..4916#5598..6113#cttcgatctcttgggatataactagcttagctatagctctagctaaataggttcgtacgtataggatatttgatccattgatcgatggccgtcgacatggagctcgacggcggtggcgacggcaagggcaaagccccgccgcagataagcctgtcggggctattccttgcgtgcatggtcgccggtggcgtgcagtacggctgggcgctgcagctctctctcctcaccccgtacgttcaggtatgtgtttaaggcgttttggcctttttcattttcgtctatattcattagcatctatatgaatttgaacacacacacacacacacatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatggattcacgtatgaatctattcaaaacccaaactgtcttaactaataatatggaacagagaacatagtactacttagttgttgtgattgtatatatgtactatacttttcttgtctccaagagggagatttttttttctattgtcttttaactctttattgatgtgaaggtgtaatttgtttgtgtggaaatatttggaggaattccaaatagtattgggaatatcagatttcctcttatgctgcctgtttgctatggctaatcttgatctaactcccacctcaaaaaaaaaacatgtagcttaacatctagctttcatattagcatcctcccaattaagctggttttagctatagcctattttatggtgtttttactcattatgttcctttggaaagcaacaatataattgttttcctcattcttgtagagttgaattaattcctgtgaaaatctgaaaaaaattgtgtgtacaattccagcatttctaaacaaaagcttgaacatttgctaatatacagttttcaaaagaaaaattttggaactggatttcacgattcatttttccaaggcacttgtcctgcaaaaagttctatagctgtaatatgggcaattccttgagtaataagtcatttatttcaccgcaagttcttgcgtagttgtggtgtaggtcagattgtttttatccatgaacttattacttctgtaaattaatttggtatatattgttaagttcagctatatcctggtaatagaaaatgaatgtttttattagtaaaagttttttttataaaatgaaatgaattcatttctatgtttaggagtaaagcattgtctagcacagcaagggactgtaactaaaaatggtatgtgagttgtttcatttttgttctaactgaaccatggcaccatataacaaagtattaatcttgaataaagtcaccagatgttattttttggtcaaaataaaaaggcattttccatatatttacaatcatactaccaaattaaaattatactccctccggtttttaatgtaccacgtcattaacttttagacatatgtttgaactttttgtgttattaaaaaaataatgcaaatacgtacatattatcaagattgcggtagattcagatcaattttcttgtgtggcttgttttggcctaggagtacacggactaaccaagttattgtatcaaaatgaacaacctacaagttgttgtatctatttgcacccaccacgcaagttcatgtaccatgagcacaatttactccttatattatctttaatataaaacaaatcaaaacaaaataaatatttattacataattcttttaataagacaaatgatcaaacatcgtccaaaagtcaacagcgtcgtacatgcatggaaaacctgagggagtacccttgttgtgctttgataaaatccagcatgaactaattactaatttctcttcatatatgtgcatggcttaattcattcactaacttcatttcactatcactttgtttggaacagacattgggaattcctcatgcactcacttcagttatgtggctctgtggccctattgctggcttaattgtaagtagtgccctatctatggcgatgtcatatatcattccctggtcttaaaaaaagaaaactcacaaaattatatcaagatttatgatttcagaaacatgatccctcaaagtacgttttctcctcacgtttgtgcctttcatcctgcaggttcagccatgcgtcggcctgtacagtgacaagtgcacatccagccttggaagacgtagaccgttcatcctcactggatgcataatcatctgcatatctgtgagaaaaacccaattatcatccaactactctcttcgtttcatattataaatcgtttaaacttttttttaagttaaacttgttttaaaaaattttgatcatcaaatgtatataaaaatatagtaatatttatagcaccaatttgcactacattcccagtgtcctgcaaccaaattgatagagagatattcgcggcagccacgaccatcaccctatgagatagaaagacggcgagtttctgcactcgcacaggcttgaaaacaagattcctaagacaatggcaccggccatctacgcatcttcaaggtgaaagaatcaaatagtttgcgaggccctctcctctaacactttgattcgtgacatctgactgctacaaatcacaacagtagatcacctaagtcagtatgtcgagctatggaccatgatccagagaataggccccttaggatactagagagacaccatcacttagaagtttacagcaaatggtgaatagtcggcaaaatcggcttatcagctacaattcctatgtgcagtaggaacggtgttcaatcaaacaatttggaaatgttaggcgcccctaaagtgcaaatttttcatatagttggtcatccaaaatagggtgtggacggctgataggctatagaagagaggttagcaaaaccaaagagtctgccccttctatagagtatcacaggaaacgacaatccatcttatcgcaaaatgcaggctctctataaggatttagacagccatacaacattgggcgagcatagacctcaaaatacaagattgggacgcttgcgcttcgatggaagaatggtggaagagggttcttcacacaccgcacatccccaaaggacctttaaaatccctgattatcctggtgggttgggagctctggtgtgagagaaacactaggatattccgccacgtggctaccaccctgacaaccatcatcgctaaaatcaaagaagaggggttggcctggatcaaagtgggatcaaagtgggagccgcaaaagctcgttgagttaacttcgttggaagaaccctatagtttctccttctgtgggctctttttttttatggcaggccctgtaaataactctttttttggttgtttgttttttctcctactctatcaatatatgcaaggtaaagctttcgtctttttttttaaaaaaaaagtgcactatatctaacaattcataaatttagttaaaactaaagtgacttaaaagttaaaaaaactaataatatgaaacggaggtaagtagttagttatttgattaactaattacatgactgacaggtgatcgtcatcgggttctcctcggacatcggctacgctctcggcgacacgactgaggactgcaagtaattaagctgctcgatcactgacagtgacagagcttgatgaattcgctgattaaatcattggtcgattagtaagcaaaatttcaggattcggactcgctaatcgagcgacttaatccatccagggtttacaggggtcctcgttaccatgcagcggcggcattcatcctcggattctggctgctcgacttctccaacaacaccgtgcaggtatgcagcctgaagaagaagaaagaaaactctcagctctgaatccatctgaaactctgaataatctgcaatgtgatatatgattctcgcgcagggtccagctcgcgctctgatggccgatttgtcaggtgagtcgtgagaagattaacaccagattttatacctgatttgatgacagattagttgtgttcttggttttggttttctgaattttgttgcttactgaacattggaatatattcaggtcggcatggcccaagcgcggccaacgcgatcttctgttcttggatggcattaggcaacatccttggctactcctccggatccaccaatgactggcacaagtcggtgatcgatcgctgatgactacagctgctctgaattttctcatcatcaaaatcatctatggaatgctaaatcagcagctttgatcagttcttgatgccaatttttttttctaagaaaaatgaacggaatgctatattcatagtggaattgcattgcatgtggccgcaggtggtttccctttctcatgaccagggcttgctgcgaggcctgcgcgaatctcaaagcggccttcttggttgcagtggtaattattttatttaattaaaagctgcagcttttatacaactatagtaccttcaaaattgaaggtttttacgtgacatgtatttttttctattacacgaaagacgatgcgtaatgcatcatggaacacacattcaagacaagaccagcgacaaaatctctaaaattactaaatttgattttgatgtaatgtgcgcaggtgtttttggggttgtcgacggcggtgacgatggtgtttgcgagggaggtggcgctggacccagtggcggcggcgaagcggaacgagggtgaggcgtcggggctcctcgccgtgttcaaggggatgaagaacctccccgtcgggatgccgtcggtgcttatcgtcaccggcctcacctggctctcgtggttccccttcatcctcttcgacaccgactggatgggccgcgagatctaccatggccgcccggacggctcccccgccgaggtcaccgccttccaagagggtgtccgccaaggcgccttcggcctcctccttaactcggtcagatcgagctatccatcaattacttgcctttttttctctccggtttaaaatatttgatgttaagaataatatttaaattattttttaaaaaataaaattgacctaaaacctaaagttttgaattgtgatagtgttaatacttttcgaggcaaatatgcacataaaagttttctttttctacttttttaactaacaatttgaaaaatgatttaactgtcaagttttcaaaatcctgatcaaatcttttccctgaacgtctattattttcttttacggagactgtatctactagctacttcattccacgttataataataagacgttatgatatcaccgttactcgtatagattcactatctttcatatgaatctaaacacatatataatacacacgaattaatctatacgttaatctttactacttaaaacaatgaagatgtttcttcgtccatccaaataaaaaaaaagcaaaaaaaaacataaaatgaaaggggaggcaaataaaaaaccggtgagccgaaaagaggtacaccgagcagagtgaaggaatgagtgtttggtccaaaaccaaggaaatacaatgtataggataaagctgttgtaacacacagtcattttttcattccattgaaaacactaaacgtcttgttgaactgacacgtcggcaatggccgcagatcgtgctgggcatcagctcgttcctgatcgagccgatgtgccgtcggctgggcgcccgcgcggtgtgggtgatgagcagcgccgtcgtgtgcgtcgccatggcggccgtctccgtgctcagcgcgtggtcgctcggcgacttcggcggctcggtgcaggacgcagcgcgggcgccggcggaggagggcggcgtcagggcgtcggcgctggcgctcttcgtcttcctcggcctccccttcgccgtcctctgcagcgtcccgttcgccgtcacggcgcagctcgcggcgagccgcggcggcgggcagggcctctgcaccggcgtcctcaacatctccatcgtcgtgccgcagatggccatcgccctcggcgccgggccctgggacgagctgttcggggaggggaacatcccggcgttcgccatggcgtccgtgttcgccgccgcggccgccgccgccggcgtcgtcttgctgcccaaggtctccgtccgctccgtcagcatggccggcggccactgatcactactagtctatcaccctttttttttccgtggttttaaatctcccgctatagctgctgctatctccagttagagcgggtactatagcaggctataagccagctgt</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071090.1 RefSeq:Os10g0404500]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]