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Os03g0111300

2014-06-08T14:57:50Z

Yilutongxing: /* Fatty acids binds affinity */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

=='''Annotated Information'''==

NsLTPs bind to a variety of lipid molecules and catalyze their transfer across membranes in vitro [2]. NsLTPs also have additional biological functions, including biosynthesis of cutin, involvement in defense against pathogens, and managing abiotic stress conditions imparted by temperature or drought [2] and [3]. The nsLTP superfamily possesses eight highly conserved cysteine residues forming four disulfide bonds [1] and [4]. NsLTPs are subdivided into two subfamilies that differ in molecular mass, nsLTP1 (9 kDa), and nsLTP2 (7 kDa) [1].

==='''Sequence similarities'''===
Belongs to the plant LTP family. B11E subfamily.
==='''Mass spectrometry '''===
Molecular mass is 7001.8 Da from positions 1 - 69. Determined by ESI.[5]

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

=='''Function'''==
Transfer lipids across membranes. May play a role in plant defense or in the biosynthesis of cuticle layers.
=='''Structure information'''==

The structure of nsLTP2 was obtained using 813 distance constraints, 30 hydrogen bond constraints,
and 19 dihedral angle constraints. Fifteen of the 50 random
simulated annealing structures satisfied all of the
constraints and possessed good nonbonded contacts.
The novel three-dimensional fold of rice nsLTP2 contains
a triangular hydrophobic cavity formed by three
prominent helices. The four disulfide bonds required for
stabilization of the nsLTP2 structure show a different
pattern of cysteine pairing compared with nsLTP1. The
C terminus of the protein is very flexible and forms a cap
over the hydrophobic cavity. Molecular modeling studies
suggested that the hydrophobic cavity could accommodate
large molecules with rigid structures, such as
sterols. The positively charged residues on the molecular
surface of nsLTP2 are structurally similar to other
plant defense proteins (As showed follow）[6]

Structure of Rice nsLTP2—The rice nsLTP2 is a predominantly
�-helical protein consisting of three prominent helices
within the N-terminal 40 amino acids. The well conserved
cysteine residues form four disulfide bonds to stabilize the
three-dimensional fold of the protein. The C-terminal amino
acid residues, Lys41–His69, constitute a less structured region
of the molecule with a high density of positively charged residues.
The r.m.s.d. values for the backbone and all heavy atoms
were 1.09 � 0.20 and 1.54 � 0.25 Å, respectively. The first 40
amino acids (Ala1–Ala40), constituting the rigid portion of the
molecule, have r.m.s.d. values of 0.65 � 0.1 Å for the backbone
and 0.95 � 0.15 Å for all heavy atoms. Superposition of the 15
NMR structures are shown as a stereo representation in Fig.
3A. Three helices of rice nsLTP2 positioned at Cys3–Ala16,
Thr22–Ala31, and Gln33-Ala40 are colored green, red, and purple,
respectively. Helices II and III are connected by a 90° turn
to form a very rigid and unique structural motif. The curved
helix I accommodates two disulfide bonds (Cys3–Cys35 and
Cys11–Cys25). The flexible portion of the polypeptide contains
two single-turn helices at positions Tyr45–Tyr48 and Ala54–
Val58. A series of hydrophobic residues distributed throughout
the nsLTP2 sequence combine to form a hydrophobic cavity. A
continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, Cys61–Ile65, near
the C terminus forms a flexible cap over the hydrophobic cavity.
The C-terminal region also contains two cysteines bridged
to the rigid portion of the molecule (Cys26–Cys61 and Cys37–
Cys68). These two disulfide bonds help to maintain the correct
orientation of the hydrophobic cap. The final energy-minimized
average structure of rice nsLTP2 is shown in Fig. 3B. A Pro-
Check analysis of the three-dimensional structure revealed
that only Ser59 and Ser60 are in the disallowed region, corresponding
to 3.6% of the residues in the protein (19). These
residues constitute a portion in the flexible C terminus that
makes a very sharp turn to cover the hydrophobic cavity.
Comparison of nsLTP2 with nsLTP1—The biophysical properties
of the two subfamilies of nsLTP are very different. A
higher concentration of GdnHCl is required to denature
NsLTP2 (Cm �4.2 M) than nsLTP1 (Cm �3.0 M). NsLTP1 has
unusual thermal stability (Tm �95 °C), but nsLTP2 could not
be thermally denatured even at temperatures approaching 100 °C
(data not shown). A primary sequence analysis using
CLUSTAL W revealed a close relationship between these two
subfamilies (7). The locations of cysteines, hydrophobic amino
acids, and important positively charged residues are well conserved.
There are, however, notable differences. In the -CXCmotif,
an asparagine between the two cysteines in nsLTP1 is
replaced by a hydrophobic amino acid, phenylalanine, in
nsLTP2 . The disulfide bond pattern in nsLTP2 differs
from nsLTP1 at the -CXC- motif (Fig.2). The hydrophobic
residue in the -CXC- motif of nsLTP2 is buried inside the
molecule, whereas the hydrophilic residue of nsLTP1 is at the
surface . These observations suggest that the central
residue of the -CXC- motif may govern the cysteine pairing and
influence the overall fold of the protein.

[[File:Figure 2]]

=='''Potential application in drug delivery'''==
Potential application in drug delivery
Plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs) have received an increasing interest as potential drug carriers in drug delivery systems.
NsLTPs are subdivided into nsLTP1 (9 kDa) and nsLTP2 (7 kDa) according to the molecular weight. All of nsLTPs are highly stable proteins
because they possess eight highly conserved cysteine residues forming four disulfide bonds. These highly stable proteins can protect drugs
against oxidation or degradation. In this paper, the application of nsLTPs in a drug carrier systemwas comprehended through scanning chemical
compounds to obtain the potential nsLTPs-binding drugs from the comprehensive medicinal chemistry (CMC) database. These results helped
us to realize the binding differences for preferred drugs between maize nsLTP1 and rice nsLTP2. We have successfully constructed a rice
nsLTP2 mutant (Y45W) to improve fluorescence sensitivity. The fluorescence binding assay showed that nsLTP2 can associate with sterol-like
or triphenylmethane-like molecules but the binding affinities of nsLTP2 with both of nsLTP2-binding drug candidates are quite different.
Dissociation constants (Kd) for sterol/nsLTP2 complexes is below one micromolar and it is sufficient for these molecules to slowly release in
a controlled-release drug delivery process. In addition, titration curve shows that binding model for nsLTP2 with the triphenylmethyl moiety
of the molecule is more complicated. The basic triphenyl ring system may be critical for the nsLTP2 association. These results imply that rice
nsLTP2 have highly potential applications in pharmaceuticals. The procedure combined a unique computer-based high throughput screening
(HTS) method with an experimental binding assay, can effectively determine potential nsLTPs-binding drugs from the compound library, thus
increasing the added value of nsLTPs in a drug carrier system. [7]

=='''Fatty acids binds affinity'''==
Fatty acids binds affinity
A computational study was carried out to identify the structural determinant controlling the affinity, specificity and binding strength of several saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with Oryza sativa(Indica group) nonspecific lipid transfer protein(nsLTP2).Association between the number, position and conformation of hydrophobic patches and lipid binding properties of the protein was evidenced by docking analysis .Binding affinity is influenced by the number of carbon atoms, location of double bonds and hydroxyl group in the acyl chain. The results may direct at developing application sinLTP-mediated transport and control led release o flow molecular weight drugs [8]
The results would pave the routes for application of current methodology in nsLTP structural properties and may provide a convenient plat form for the development of protein-based drug carriers. The results would pave the routes for application of current methodology in nsLTP structural properties and may provide a convenient plat form for the development of protein-based drug carriers.
Plant nonspecific lipid transfer protein 2 (nsLTP2)
is a small (7 kDa) protein that binds lipid-like
ligands. An inner hydrophobic cavity surrounded by
a-helices is the defining structural feature of
nsLTP2. Although nsLTP2 structures have been
reported earlier, the detailed mechanisms of ligand
binding and lipid transfer remain unclear. In this
study, we used site-directed mutagenesis to determine
the role of various hydrophobic residues (L8,
I15, F36, F39, Y45, Y48, and V49) in the structure,
stability, ligand binding, and lipid transfer activity
of rice nsLTP2. Three single mutations (L8A, F36A,
and V49A) drastically alter the native tertiary
structure and perturb ligand binding and lipid
transfer activity. Therefore, these three residues are
structurally important. The Y45A mutant, however,
retains a native-like structure but has decreased
lipid binding affinity and lipid transfer activity,
implying that this aromatic residue is critical for
these biological functions. The mutants, I15A and
Y48A, exhibit quite different ligand binding affinities.
Y48 is involved in planar sterol binding but
not linear lysophospholipid association. As for
I15A, it had the highest dehydroergosterol binding
affinity in spite of the lower lipid binding and
transfer abilities. Our results suggest that the long
alkyl side chain of I15 would restrict the flexibility
of loop I (G13-A19) for sterol entry. Finally, F39A
can markedly increase the exposed hydrophobic surface
to maintain its transfer efficiency despite
reduced ligand binding affinity. These findings suggest
that the residues forming the hydrophobic cavity
play various important roles in the structure
and function of rice nsLTP2.

=='''Reference'''==
[1]J.P Douliez, T Michon, K Elmorjani, D Marion
Structure, biological and technological functions of lipid transfer proteins and indolines, the major lipid binding proteins from cereal kernels
J. Cereal Sci., 32 (2000), pp. 1–20

[2]J.C Kader
Lipid transfer proteins in plants
Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 47 (1996), pp. 627–654

[3]K.L Larsen, J.R Winther
Surprisingly high stability of barley lipid transfer protein, LTP1, towards denaturant, heat, and proteases
FEBS Lett., 488 (2001), pp. 145–148

[4]J.P Douliez, C Pato, H Rabesona, D Molle, D Marion
Disulfide bond assignment, lipid transfer activity and secondary structure of a 7-kDa plant lipid transfer protein, LTP2
Eur. J. Biochem., 268 (2001), pp. 1400–1403

[5]"Purification and characterization of a novel 7-kDa non-specific lipid transfer protein-2 from rice (Oryza sativa)."
Liu Y.-J., Samuel D., Lin C.H., Lyu P.-C.

[6]Solution Structure of Plant Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein-2
from Rice (Oryza sativa)*(2012) Ping-Chiang Lyu

[7] Evaluation of plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins for potential application in drug delivery Ping-Chiang Lyu

[8] Computational evaluation on the binding affinity of non-specific lipid-transfer protein-2 with fatty acids. Adam Matkowski

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0111300|
Description = Nonspecific lipid-transfer protein 2 (nsLTP2) (7 kDa lipid transfer protein)|
Version = NM_001055258.1 GI:115450244 GeneID:4331362|
Length = 476 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0111300, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:630670..631145|
CDS = 630809..631099|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:630670..631145
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:630670..631145
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgatgaggaagttggcggtgttggtgttggcggtggcgatggtggcggcgtgcggcggcggcgtcgtgggtgtagcgggggccggttgcaacgctgggcagctgacggtgtgcacgggggcgatcgcgggcggggcgcggccgacggcggcgtgctgctccagcctgcgggcgcagcagggctgcttctgccagttcgccaaggacccgcgctacgggcgctacgtcaacagccccaacgcccgcaaggccgtctcctcctgcggcatcgccctccccacctgccactga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MMRKLAVLVLAVAMVAACGGGVVGVAGAGCNAGQLTVCTGAIAG GARPTAACCSSLRAQQGCFCQFAKDPRYGRYVNSPNARKAVSSCGIALPTCH</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>47..337#gtacctcgcagcaccaagctagctagcttcgatcagtagctggaggatgatgaggaagttggcggtgttggtgttggcggtggcgatggtggcggcgtgcggcggcggcgtcgtgggtgtagcgggggccggttgcaacgctgggcagctgacggtgtgcacgggggcgatcgcgggcggggcgcggccgacggcggcgtgctgctccagcctgcgggcgcagcagggctgcttctgccagttcgccaaggacccgcgctacgggcgctacgtcaacagccccaacgcccgcaaggccgtctcctcctgcggcatcgccctccccacctgccactgatccatccatccatcgtctcctactcttttattttgtgatgtggtgtacgtgttcgtagtattgtcttggcgtcatctcgtcacgacgcgtatatgcatgcgcagtgcggcttttgaataaaaggggatcgaccgatgtt</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001055258.1 RefSeq:Os03g0111300]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0597200

2014-06-07T09:07:21Z

Yilutongxing: /* Expression */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
The predicted ORF ofYSAencodes a 742-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 82.5kD. Database searches using Pfam revealed that YSAencodes a member of the P subfamily of PPR-containing proteins. The gene product contains a tandem repeat of 15 PPR motifs with varying degrees of conservation. The second to 15th repeats are contiguous, and the sequence is not well conserved (Fig. 4B). The PPR motif is a degenerate 35-amino acid repeat often arranged in tandem arrays of two to 27 repeats per polypeptide. Thus YSA is a new member of the superfamily of PPR proteins.
===Function===
YSA is required for chloroplast development in early seedling leaves, and disruption of its function causes a seedling stage-specific albino phenotype, but the plant recovers and develops normal green leaves from the four-leaf stage onward.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage.(Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.2012)
Functional studies of PPR proteins in higher plants remain very sparse. Accumulating data point to an involvement in posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Additional evidence for a role of PPR proteins in regulating organelle gene expression has also come from positional cloning of several cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restorer genes from petunia (Petunia hybrida; Bentolila et al., 2002) and radish (Raphanus sativus; Brown et al., 2003; Desloire et al., 2003; Koizuka et al., 2003). Genetic and biochemical data, and structural modeling of PPR tracts based on established tetratricopeptide repeat proteins together suggest that PPR proteins typically bind directly to specific organellar RNA sequences through a surface created by the stacked helical repeating units. However, still very little is known about the functions, substrates, and regulatory mechanisms for the vast majority of PPR proteins.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage. Further investigation showed that the change in leaf color in ysa mutant is associated with changes in chlorophyll content and chloroplast development. The albino phenotype of the young ysaseedlings is caused by a reduction in total chlorophyll content, rather than reduction of a particular pigment.

===Expression===

Tissue localization
Molecular analysis of an F2 population from the cross Taiziyuzhu3ysaplaced the YSAlocus between the markers RM411 and RM8208 on chromosome 3 . The YSAlocus was further narrowed down to a 45-kb region, which includes 10 putative open reading frames(ORFs; Fig. 3, B–D). We sequenced all ORFs and found a 5-bp deletion in Os03g40020, causing a premature stop codon. that the 5-bp deletion in Os03g40020 is responsible for the albino phenotype of ysa mutant. light plays a major role in regulatingYSAexpression.YSA is highly expressed in young leaves and stems, but not in the roots (Fig. 1, A–D). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of YSA peaked in the fourth leaf (Fig. 2E). Thus, the expression pattern of YSA is consistent with the seedling-stage-specific albino phenotype of ysa mutant and further supports the notion that YSA plays an important role in chloroplast development in the first few leaves of rice seedlings, but plays more minor roles in later stages.

Cloning of YSA
For genetic analysis, F2 populations were generated from crosses between the ysa mutant and three wild-type varieties, Pei'ai64S, 93-11 and Taiziyuzhu. The population from the crossbetween ysa and Taiziyuzhu, which includes 7,760 normal green individuals and 2,240mutant plants, was used for fine mapping of the YSA locus. 474 Genomic DNA was extracted from F2 plants and analyzed for cosegregation using available SSR markers. New markers were developed based on the entire genomic sequences of the Nipponbare variety and the indica variety 93-11.dCAPS markers were designed using the Web server program dCAPS Finder 2.0(http://helix.wustl.edu/dcaps/dcaps.html). Full-length cDNAs for candidate genes were amplified using the GeneRacer Kit following the manufacturer's instructions.

Complementation of the ysa Mutant
Plasmids for transgenic plants were constructed using standard molecular techniques. To
create the complementation construct pYSA, the genomic fragment encoding YSA was
amplified by RT-PCR from Pei'ai64S with the primers
5'-cgcaagcttctagagggacgacgacatcgccggcggg-3'
5'-ctggatcctcggtaactccattgagggttg-3'.
Tocreate the pYSAT construct, the frameshifted coding region of ysa was amplified by RT-PCRwith the primers
5'-cgcaagcttctagagggacgacgacatcgccggcggg-3'
5'-ctggatccttatatgtaattgtacttcgaggacaacc-3'.
The resulting fragments were inserted into the binary vector pCUbi1390 in which the YSA gene was under the control of the constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter. The constructs were introduced into ysa mutant by A.tumefaciens-mediated transformation as described previously

Subcellular Localization of GFP Proteins
To investigate the subcellular localization of YSA, a gene fragment encoding the N-terminal region (amino acids 1–200) of the YSA protein was amplified by PCR and ligated into the PA7-GFP vector (kindly provided by Dr. Hongquan Yang), in-frame with GFP, resulting in pA7-YSA-GFP. The primer pair used for YSA was:
5'-ggaccatggacatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcg-3' and 5'-catcactagtttgctcccctccacaagaacattgag-3'.
The vectors for the nuclear localization signal of the fibrillarin protein and the transit peptide of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase of Arabidopsis were kindly provided by Dr. W Chi. The constructs were introduced into Arabidopsis protoplasts according to the protocols described previously. The transfected protoplast suspensions were incubated overnight on 12-well plates in the dark.To investigate the subcellular localization of YSA in rice protoplasts, the pA7-YSA-GFP vector was transformed into rice protoplasts according to the protocols described previously(Chen et al., 2006). GFP fluorescence in the transformed protoplasts was imaged using a confocal laser-scanning microscope.

[[File:picture1.jpg]]

Figure 1. Phenotypic analysis of the ysa mutant plants. A to C, Phenotypes of Pei'ai64S (left) and ysa mutant (right) seedlings at 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) weeks after sowing. D, The pigment contents in leaves of 1-week-old ysa mutants are much lower than that in Pei'ai64S. E, The pigment contents in leaves of 6-week-old ysa mutants are similar to that of Pei'ai64S plants. Chla, Chlorophyll a; Chlb, chlorophyll b; Chl, total chlorophyll; Car, carotenoid. Bars represent sds of three measurements. Student’s t test was performed on the raw data; asterisk indicates statistical significance at P < 0.01.

Subcellular Localization of YSA Protein

The YSA protein is predicted to localize to chloroplasts by ChloroP (Emanuelsson et al., 1999) and TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). To investigate the actual cellular localization of YSA, we constructed the green fluorescent signals of YSA-GFP fusion proteins colocalized with the autofluorescent signals of chlorophylls in the chloroplasts, consistent with the results obtained for GFP fused to the transit peptide of the small subunit of Arabidopsis ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Fig. 2, A and B). When GFP fused to the nuclear localization signal of the fibrillarin protein, GFP signals located specifically in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts (Fig. 2C). In addition, the protoplasts transformed with the empty GFP vector without a specific targeting sequence had green fluorescent signals in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (Fig.2, D and E). To further confirm the subcellular localization of YSA protein, we transformed the plasmid containing the YSA-GFP fusion constructs into rice protoplasts. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that GFP-YSA was exclusively detected in the chloroplasts (Fig. 2F). These findings suggest that YSA protein is localized to the chloroplast.

[[File:picture2.jpg]]

Figure 2. Subcellular localization of YSA protein. Fluorescence signals were visualized using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Green fluorescence shows GFP, red fluorescence indicates chloroplast autofluorescence, and yellow fluorescence indicates images with the two types of fluorescence merged. A, GFP signals of the YSA-GFP fusion protein. B, GFP signals from the transit peptide of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (control). C, GFP signals from the nuclear localization signal of fibrillarin (control). D, Empty GFP vector without a specific targeting sequence. E, Untransformed chloroplasts. F,Subcellular localization of YSA protein in rice protoplasts. Bars = 5mm. A to E are Arabidopsis protoplasts and F is rice protoplasts.

===Evolution===

Homology with Arabidopsis Similar to At3g53700: MEE40 (maternal effect embryo arrest 40) (HF=7e-1)
You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==

*National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China (N.S., F.-Q.W., G.-L.F., Y.L., X.-L.C.,X.Z., X.-P.G., Z.-J.C., C.-L.L., H.W., J.-M.W.);
*National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China (M.-L.H., L.J., J.-M.W.);
*Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People’s Republic of China (M.-L.H., C.-K.Q.);
*State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, International Atomic Energy Agency Collaborating Center, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029,People’s Republic of China (D.-X.W., X.-L.S.)

==References==

[1] Bentolila S, Alfonso AA, Hanson MR (2002) A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 10887–10892

[2] Brown GG, Formanová N, Jin H, Wargachuk R, Dendy C, Patil P, Laforest M, Zhang J, Cheung WY, Landry BS (2003) The radish Rfo restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide repeats. Plant J 35: 262–272

[3] Desloire S, Gherbi H, Laloui W, Marhadour S, Clouet V, Cattolico L, Falentin C, Giancola S, Renard M, Budar F, et al. (2003) Identification of the fertility restoration locus, Rfo, in radish, as a member of the pentatricopeptide-repeat protein family. EMBO Rep 4: 588–594

[4] Koizuka N, Imai R, Fujimoto H, Hayakawa T, Kimura Y, Kohno-Murase J, Sakai T, Kawasaki S, Imamura J (2003) Genetic characterization of a pentatricopeptide repeat protein gene, orf687, that restores fertility in the cytoplasmic male-sterile Kosena radish. Plant J 34: 407–415

[5] Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, von Heijne G (1999) ChloroP, a neural network-based method for predicting chloroplast transit peptides and their cleavage sites. Protein Sci 8: 978–984

[6] Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, Brunak S, von Heijne G (2000) Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. J Mol Biol 300: 1005–1016

[7] Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.(2012) Disruption of a rice pentatricopeptide repeat protein causes a seedling-specific albino phenotype and its utilization to enhance seed purity in hybrid rice production［J］.Plant Physiology, 159（1）：227-238.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0597200|
Description = Protein prenyltransferase domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001057140.1 GI:115454008 GeneID:4333379|
Length = 5627 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0597200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:22993430..22999056|
CDS = 22996530..22998758|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MPRVCAAPRAPPPPCPCHVGVGPLRPRWRASRHGPLRAAGQEQL LTALREQPDPDAALRMLNAALARDDFAPGPEVYEEIIRKLGAVGALDLMKVLVAEMRR EGHQVKLGVVHSFLDSYEGQQLFDDAVDLILNQLQPLFGIQADTVVYNHLLNVLVEGS KMKLLESVYSEMGARGIKPDVVTFNTLMKALCRAHQVRTAVLMLEEMSSRGVAPDETT FTTLMQGFVEEGSIEAALRVKARMLEMGCSATKVTVNVLINGYCKLGRVEDALGYIQQ EIADGFEPDQITYNTFVNGLCQNDHVGHALKVMDVMVQEGHDPDVFTYNIVVNCLCKN GQLEEAKGILNQMVDRGCLPDITTFNTLIAALCTGNRLEEALDLARQVTVKGVSPDVY TFNILINALCKVGDPHLALRLFEEMKNSGCTPDEVTYNTLIDNLCSLGKLGKALDLLK DMESTGCPRSTITYNTIIDGLCKKMRIEEAEEVFDQMDLQGISRNAITFNTLIDGLCK DKKIDDAFELINQMISEGLQPNNITYNSILTHYCKQGDIKKAADILETMTANGFEVDV VTYGTLINGLCKAGRTQVALKVLRGMRIKGMRPTPKAYNPVLQSLFRRNNIRDALSLF REMAEVGEPPDALTYKIVFRGLCRGGGPIKEAFDFMLEMVDKGFIPEFSSFRMLAEGL LNLGMDDYFIRAIEIIMEKVDLRESDVSAIRGYLKIRKFYDALATFGRFLEINNPQWS YR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>299..2527#ctcctgttcccctctgcctgccttcacggagaacacgccgccgcacgcccgcaaagttgtcgctccgccgccgggtcctgcggccacttcctccctctccctgtgcatgcgctctcttccccacctgtactttactttagctgctcctctgcccagttgcccacgacctgacgacccggacatggcgcaggctgaggcggggacgacgacatcgccggcgggttgacgcagaaaggagcgaccacccgagggctccgctggattttcaggtagctgagctgagctgaactgaaccccaatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatgaagcagaatacataactgggacaaattacttgaatagtattagggaaatctcaaagagtggatggaatttttgctggttgcttaggggaatgaaagtcttaaattgattataataggtgattgtgttcattcctcggtagggatgaagtcagagcatgaagaagctcatcttggtgcagaaacttagcttattggaacagaatctaggtgctaggtgctgtctgctgccagattagtacctagcgccttaacgaacagtggctgcagatcccatccgcttattttgatcaaatctgattcattttctattccctaataaaagcctgattcatcttcattgcatatggtcgaacctaaggctatcatgtacagttagatcccaacccttcgttctatgagatgttgtcccatagaagaaatatcttctgagtatatcctagtactctaaaatgttcactaatatgttcaacttaattagttttgtaacctcctaaaatagttctattagttttgtaaccttctaaaatatgaattagttttgatctggctgatcttcctttggttaggtactacaaattcttaattcagacacatatttggttttctgaaaatttcatctatatttggtcaggctggcatttgaagttcttattttagtcatatactttagttttttacaattttcatttgttaaagatgataatttatttgttagcacagagcatgtttagaaatctgaaatattaaaacatgcatgttctcatgaaaataaatgttagttttgtttaaattccaatccacatattttttaatcaatgtcagaaattaccatgcttcacttattgacctagtatatgtatagtatttgatggatcatgttgatttggatttgctctactaacttgttcctattccaacaaagatttatatgcatcttgtgttctaaaaatgctacatgtgtcaagttgaaggaaaattctagctatgtggtgtcctaattttggtagatggtacctagtaatagataacaattctgttttatagtgatgagtaaatttgactaaatcgagtctagaaagtgatataattttctggagaagtctttcttggtgatttgggaaagggccattacctatactgatatgaaatctggaactagaaagatctgaacatcaatgttctaaagttttttgtctgaatttcttgtgcagaatatgaaggaaggtggatctggaataggtatttacatgtcctgttcagattcctgcaatctgataaactactgcaatccaataaactcttgatctattgttttctggatttttttttgggtgtagagtattaggaaggtatttgctttgttacaggggttggttggatgttcagaaaaccaaaatctgaatacactaacacattagccagtgttttattttagtttatgttattctgaccacaacaccagcagcttcaattggtagtagaacacactctgatgcaattggtaggtgtacaacagataatttgccgtgaatgctacttaattcaaccattttttttccatacagtgctatacaatggcacacaaacatccttcagttggactcaaatttgtttcagctttgctattttacagtcacctgcagttttttctaatccatcagtcgattttgttggcagtagattctgcttcaagatctgtgcacgcagtggaggcacatttggttacaggctgcttcaccagacccgttaacccatgggccatggatgctcccctagtagcatatgttgttttttccaccaactgcctcttgtaaatcaagatgctcccctctccacatttgctgcagacttcctccccgtggatctgagacgaactccggcgaccggcggcgtctacgagccagcgttcaccaatttctcaggtatatgagtcgtcatctatgtgcatctgctactttttttttttggctgattggacgggttgagaaggaggtgtttggggggaagagagcagaataatcccattgcgaaacaagcgaggaaggcttgtcgatggtggcggcggtggccttgattatcgaagatgcatgcgtgagggaaactgtgtgccagggaggcaagcttggtggcacacatcgagtggtatatcttcaggttactgctagatcgaagatcctttggtgcttgatgtgtgctgttggtttggtagttttggtggtactgtggcaagtgaagacacgaaagaggagctagtagaggcttagagtctggagtcgtaatcgatgtgcaagagcatcaatgccatcagttcctctgggcagcacggctctgcacttttcatctgagaaacatatatattttgttgattctgattttgacgaattatccaaacatgcagtttttttgggttccgcgtgcaaagacgattttgatctcctggcagatttaagggtggtgattttgtttttgttttgcatgtagatgatgcattttgtaaatcattttaggttgccccttttttttttgtttttgcgagttcttactgaatttggataagttctggttgattggatcgacattctgtacatttgcaaggggattctatgggtttttgcttattgctaatcaaattattttgtgagttttggtttattggatggtgagaaagcaagattacatggattttgcttcattgctgattttgtcgaaatttatcaggcatgcggtttttggtttcttgaatacgaactacacggacagtactcctatattcttggtgattttgaagtgtatttgttattttggggaggtggaatggttaatattttgttcaaggggacacttctacagatgtatacattacttttgtcattttcagcataacaaagagatttggtagattcagaattcagatggcaactacacgtcgaatgatgtatgcgaagacatggggaattctgatgctgattccactgaagaaagctaaacataattttaatttatttaccaactcatttttctgtcaacacatttgctagatagttgctacccgataaacgacatcttgaaatctgagttatacttcagtctattttttttcc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001057140.1 RefSeq:Os03g0597200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os10g0505700

2014-06-07T03:54:08Z

Yilutongxing: /* Expression */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are typically present in the majority of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells [1] such as bacteria, yeasts, plants and animals [2]. Plant nsLTPs are basic (with pI 8–10) disulfide-rich proteins divided into two subfamilies; nsLTP1 (~9 kDa) and nsLTP2 (~7 kDa) [3] and [4]. While both proteins have comparable lipid transfer activity, greater stability of nsLTP2 has been proved [5]. Due to their main biological activity, lipid transportation across bio-membranes in vitro, nsLTPs have received much attention from pharmaceutical viewpoints. Owing to the ability of LTPs in promoting the movement of lipids other than phospholipids, clarification of the underlying mechanisms and specificities would be essential to development of LTP-mediated transport systems and controlled release of low molecular weight drugs. A potential role of LTPs in designing efficient drug delivery systems has been suggested [6] and [7]. Their actual biological roles are diverse, including participating in developmental processes and pathogen resistance [8]. Of the two main isoforms, plant nsLTP1 has been studied more frequently and its structure, function and binding properties are well characterized [9] and [10]. Computational studies on nsLTP1 revealed that the insertion of various lipids into the cavity does not necessarily induce significant structural changes with an exception of a prostaglandin. Proteins from various species also varied in terms of molecular surfaces and electrostatic potentials as well as the ability to bind negatively charged lipids. The lack of specificity of ligand binding is suggested to result from nonspecific character of van der Waals interactions [10].
Rice nsLTP2, builds of 69 amino acids and has smaller size, higher structural stability, different disulfide bond pattern and less than 30% sequence similarity with nsLTP1 [11]. Samuel et. al. have performed molecular docking of stearic acid into both LTP1 and LTP2 cavity, demonstrating marked differences between the two isoforms in accommodation of the fatty acid chain in the protein active site. These authors have also reported that there is a tunnel-like hydrophobic cavity running through the whole molecule of rice LTP2 [11]. Despite established beneficial capacities of nsLTP2 to drug delivery [12] and [13] it has not been identified how the plasticity of the protein cavity may help in fitting of diverse molecular shapes and sizes.

===Expression===
Wild-type rice nsLTP2 was cloned into the thioredoxin
fusion vector (pET32a).This wild-type plasmid was
used as a template for constructing the mutant proteins,
L8A, I15A, F36A, F39A, Y45A, Y48A, and V49A. All
mutants were constructed with the QuickChange
PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene).
Primers for each mutant were purchased from MDBio
(Taiwan), and mutant construction was based on the
procedure reported previously.

Wild-type rice nsLTP2 and its mutants were expressed
in the pET32a vector transformed into E. coli BL21
(DE3) (Novagene).E. coli cells were incubated in LB
medium containing ampicillin at 37 8 C. Isopropyl- b -D-
thiogalactopyranoside (1 mM) was used to induce pro-
tein expression. The expressed fusion protein was isolated
by a Co-NTA affinity column (BD Biosciences, San Jones,
USA) with the elution buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.5,
150 mM NaCl, and 50 mM imidazole). The purified fusion
protein was then cleaved with Factor Xa and purified by
reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatogra-
phy.The final product was verified by analysis on a
Micro Mass Quattro Ultima mass spectrometer with elec-
tron spray ionization (Table I). All recombinant proteins
had high purity ( > 98%), and molecular weights of pro-
teins observed in mass spectra corresponded well with
the theoretical molecular masses deduced from the pro-
tein sequence. All mutants were expressed in the oxidized
form, in which the eight cysteine residues were linked in
four intermolecular disulfide bonds.

===Evolution===
Structure of Rice nsLTP2
The rice nsLTP2 is a predominantly α-helical protein consisting of three prominent helices within the N-terminal 40 amino acids. The well conserved cysteine residues form four disulfide bonds to stabilize the three-dimensional fold of the protein. The C-terminal amino acid residues, Lys41–His69, constitute a less structured region of the molecule with a high density of positively charged residues. The r.m.s.d. values for the backbone and all heavy atoms were 1.09 ± 0.20 and 1.54 ± 0.25 Å, respectively. The first 40 amino acids (Ala1–Ala40), constituting the rigid portion of the molecule, have r.m.s.d. values of 0.65 ± 0.1 Å for the backbone and 0.95 ± 0.15 Å for all heavy atoms. Superposition of the 15 NMR structures are shown as a stereo representation in Fig. 3 A. Three helices of rice nsLTP2 positioned at Cys3–Ala16, Thr22–Ala31, and Gln33-Ala40 are colored green,red, and purple, respectively. Helices II and III are connected by a 90° turn to form a very rigid and unique structural motif. The curved helix I accommodates two disulfide bonds (Cys3–Cys35 and Cys11–Cys25). The flexible portion of the polypeptide contains two single-turn helices at positions Tyr45–Tyr48 and Ala54–Val58. A series of hydrophobic residues distributed throughout the nsLTP2 sequence combine to form a hydrophobic cavity. A continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, Cys61–Ile65, near the C terminus forms a flexible cap over the hydrophobic cavity. The C-terminal region also contains two cysteines bridged to the rigid portion of the molecule (Cys26–Cys61 and Cys37–Cys68). These two disulfide bonds help to maintain the correct orientation of the hydrophobic cap. The final energy-minimized average structure of rice nsLTP2 is shown in Fig.3 B. A ProCheck analysis of the three-dimensional structure revealed that only Ser59 and Ser60 are in the disallowed region, corresponding to 3.6% of the residues in the protein (19). These residues constitute a portion in the flexible C terminus that makes a very sharp turn to cover the hydrophobic cavity.
[[File:F3.small.gif]]

Figure 1, stereo representation of the 15 best superimposed NMR structures of rice nsLTP2 (only the backbone atoms are shown for clarity). B, solution structure of rice nsLTP2. Disulfide bonds involved in the three-dimensional structure are shown in ball-and-stick representation. Helix I (green) and helix II (red) are connected through a loop (Gly17–Pro21). Helix II and helix III (purple) are joined by a sharp 90° turn. The region containing two single turn helices and the C terminus are shown inorange and brown, respectively.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
[1] R.C. Crain, D.B. Zilversmit, Two nonspeciﬁc phospholipid exchange proteins
from beef liver. 1. Puriﬁcation and characterization, Biochemistry 19 (1980)
1433–1439.
[2] D.G. Rueckert, K. Schmidt, Lipid transfer proteins, Chem. Phys. Lipids 56 (1990)
1–20.
[3] J.C. Kader, Lipid-transfer proteins: a puzzling family of plant proteins, Trends
Plant Sci. 2 (1997) 66–70.
[4] K.F. Lin, Y.N. Liu, S.T.D. Hsu, D. Samuel, C.S. Cheng, A.M.J.J. Bonvin, P.C. Lyu,
Characterization and structural analyses of nonspeciﬁc lipid transfer protein
1 from mung bean, Biochemistry 44 (2005) 5703–5712.
[5] J.P. Douliez, C. Pato, H. Rabesona, D. Mollé, D. Marion, Disulﬁde bond assign-
ment, lipid transfer activity and secondary structure of a 7 kDa plant lipid
transfer protein, LTP2, Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (2001) 1400–1403.
[6] C. Pato, M.L. Borgne, G. Le Baut, P. Le Pape, D. Marion, J.P. Douliez, Potential
application of plant lipid transfer proteins for drug delivery, Biochem.
Pharmacol. 62 (2001) 555–560.
[7] Q. Wang, Y. Du, L. Fan, Properties of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) ﬁlms for drug
controlled release, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 96 (2005) 808–813.
[8] A. Carvalho de Oliveira, V. Moreira Gomes, Role of plant lipid transfer
proteins in plant cell physiology—a concise review, Peptides 28 (2007)
1144–1153.
[9] C.S. Cheng, D. Samuel, Y.J. Liu, J.C. Shyu, S.M. Lai, K.F. Lin, P.C. Lyu, Binding
mechanism of nonspeciﬁc lipid transfer proteins and their role in plant
defense, Biochemistry 43 (2004) 13628–13636.
[10] L.F. Pacios, C. Gomez-Casado, L. Tordesillas, A. Palacin, R. Sanchez-Monge,
A. Diaz-Perales, Computational study of ligand binding in Lipid Transfer
Proteins: Structures, interfaces, and free energies of protein-lipid complexes,
J. Comput. Chem. 33 (2012) 1831–1844.
[11] D. Samuel, Y.J. Liu, C.S. Cheng, P.C. Lyu, Solution structure of plant nonspeciﬁc
lipid transfer protein-2 from rice (Oryza sativa), J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002)
35267–35273.
[12] J.P. Douliez, T. Michon, K. Elmorjani, D. Marian, Structure, biological and
technological functions of lipid transfer proteins and indolines, the major lipid
binding proteins from cereal kernels, J. Cereal Sci. 32 (2000) 1–20.
[13] C. Chenga, M. Chenb, Y. Liua, L. Huanga, K. Lina, P. Lyu, Evaluation of plant non-
speciﬁc lipid-transfer proteins for potential application in drug delivery,
Enzyme Microb. Technol. 35 (2004) 532–539.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0505700|
Description = Similar to Nonspecific lipid-transfer protein 2 (nsLTP2) (7 kDa lipid transfer protein)|
Version = NM_001071543.1 GI:115482829 GeneID:4349061|
Length = 523 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0505700, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:19790378..19790900|
CDS = 19790543..19790818|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:19790378..19790900
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:19790378..19790900
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggcgaagtgggcggcgatcatggcggtgctgctgctggcggcggcgtgggcgccggcgccggcgacggcgcagtgcaacgccgggcagctggcgatctgcgcgggcgcgatcatcggcgggtcgacgccgtcggcgtcgtgctgctccaacctgcgcgcgcagagggggtgcttctgccagtacgcgcgcaacccggcgtacgcctcctacatcaacagcgccaacgcccgcaagaccctcacctcctgcggcatcgccatcccccgctgctag</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MAKWAAIMAVLLLAAAWAPAPATAQCNAGQLAICAGAIIGGSTP SASCCSNLRAQRGCFCQYARNPAYASYINSANARKTLTSCGIAIPRC</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>83..358#agcagccagcagccaactgcatcgatatcgatcgatcactcgaccgaccatctcacaagcaaagcaaaagctcgtggcaacaatggcgaagtgggcggcgatcatggcggtgctgctgctggcggcggcgtgggcgccggcgccggcgacggcgcagtgcaacgccgggcagctggcgatctgcgcgggcgcgatcatcggcgggtcgacgccgtcggcgtcgtgctgctccaacctgcgcgcgcagagggggtgcttctgccagtacgcgcgcaacccggcgtacgcctcctacatcaacagcgccaacgcccgcaagaccctcacctcctgcggcatcgccatcccccgctgctaggcacgctcgatctcccgccgccgcgcgccgccgctcgccggcgccggcgccggccatggtgcgtggcaaatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatactgtgtgtacgtgcgcttgaataaaggacgtgagttaatttgatcggtgtc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071543.1 RefSeq:Os10g0505700]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

Os03g0597200

2014-05-22T14:50:22Z

Yilutongxing: /* Evolution */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
YSA is required for chloroplast development in early seedling leaves, and disruption of its function causes a seedling stage-specific albino phenotype, but the plant recovers and develops normal green leaves from the four-leaf stage onward.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage.(Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.2012)
Functional studies of PPR proteins in higher plants remain very sparse. Accumulating data point to an involvement in posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Additional evidence for a role of PPR proteins in regulating organelle gene expression has also come from positional cloning of several cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restorer genes from petunia (Petunia hybrida; Bentolila et al., 2002) and radish (Raphanus sativus; Brown et al., 2003; Desloire et al., 2003; Koizuka et al., 2003). Genetic and biochemical data, and structural modeling of PPR tracts based on established tetratricopeptide repeat proteins together suggest that PPR proteins typically bind directly to specific organellar RNA sequences through a surface created by the stacked helical repeating units. However, still very little is known about the functions, substrates, and regulatory mechanisms for the vast majority of PPR proteins.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage. Further investigation showed that the change in leaf color in ysa mutant is associated with changes in chlorophyll content and chloroplast development.

===Expression===

Tissue localization
YSA is highly expressed in young leaves and stems, but not in the roots (Fig. 1, A–D). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of YSA peaked in the fourth leaf (Fig. 2E). Thus, the expression pattern of YSA is consistent with the seedling-stage-specific albino phenotype of ysa mutant and further supports the notion that YSA plays an important role in chloroplast development in the first few leaves of rice seedlings, but plays more minor roles in later stages.

[[File:picture1.jpg]]

Figure 1. Phenotypic analysis of the ysa mutant plants. A to C, Phenotypes of Pei'ai64S (left) and ysa mutant (right) seedlings at 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) weeks after sowing. D, The pigment contents in leaves of 1-week-old ysa mutants are much lower than that in Pei'ai64S. E, The pigment contents in leaves of 6-week-old ysa mutants are similar to that of Pei'ai64S plants. Chla, Chlorophyll a; Chlb, chlorophyll b; Chl, total chlorophyll; Car, carotenoid. Bars represent sds of three measurements. Student’s t test was performed on the raw data; asterisk indicates statistical significance at P < 0.01.

Subcellular Localization of YSA Protein

The YSA protein is predicted to localize to chloroplasts by ChloroP (Emanuelsson et al., 1999) and TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). To investigate the actual cellular localization of YSA, we constructed the green fluorescent signals of YSA-GFP fusion proteins colocalized with the autofluorescent signals of chlorophylls in the chloroplasts, consistent with the results obtained for GFP fused to the transit peptide of the small subunit of Arabidopsis ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Fig. 2, A and B). When GFP fused to the nuclear localization signal of the fibrillarin protein, GFP signals located specifically in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts (Fig. 2C). In addition, the protoplasts transformed with the empty GFP vector without a specific targeting sequence had green fluorescent signals in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (Fig.2, D and E). To further confirm the subcellular localization of YSA protein, we transformed the plasmid containing the YSA-GFP fusion constructs into rice protoplasts. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that GFP-YSA was exclusively detected in the chloroplasts (Fig. 2F). These findings suggest that YSA protein is localized to the chloroplast.

[[File:picture2.jpg]]

===Evolution===

Homology with Arabidopsis Similar to At3g53700: MEE40 (maternal effect embryo arrest 40) (HF=7e-1)
You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==

Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China

==References==

[1] Bentolila S, Alfonso AA, Hanson MR (2002) A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 10887–10892

[2] Brown GG, Formanová N, Jin H, Wargachuk R, Dendy C, Patil P, Laforest M, Zhang J, Cheung WY, Landry BS (2003) The radish Rfo restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide repeats. Plant J 35: 262–272

[3] Desloire S, Gherbi H, Laloui W, Marhadour S, Clouet V, Cattolico L, Falentin C, Giancola S, Renard M, Budar F, et al. (2003) Identification of the fertility restoration locus, Rfo, in radish, as a member of the pentatricopeptide-repeat protein family. EMBO Rep 4: 588–594

[4] Koizuka N, Imai R, Fujimoto H, Hayakawa T, Kimura Y, Kohno-Murase J, Sakai T, Kawasaki S, Imamura J (2003) Genetic characterization of a pentatricopeptide repeat protein gene, orf687, that restores fertility in the cytoplasmic male-sterile Kosena radish. Plant J 34: 407–415

[5] Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, von Heijne G (1999) ChloroP, a neural network-based method for predicting chloroplast transit peptides and their cleavage sites. Protein Sci 8: 978–984

[6] Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, Brunak S, von Heijne G (2000) Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. J Mol Biol 300: 1005–1016

[7] Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.(2012) Disruption of a rice pentatricopeptide repeat protein causes a seedling-specific albino phenotype and its utilization to enhance seed purity in hybrid rice production［J］.Plant Physiology, 159（1）：227-238.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0597200|
Description = Protein prenyltransferase domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001057140.1 GI:115454008 GeneID:4333379|
Length = 5627 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0597200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:22993430..22999056|
CDS = 22996530..22998758|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MPRVCAAPRAPPPPCPCHVGVGPLRPRWRASRHGPLRAAGQEQL LTALREQPDPDAALRMLNAALARDDFAPGPEVYEEIIRKLGAVGALDLMKVLVAEMRR EGHQVKLGVVHSFLDSYEGQQLFDDAVDLILNQLQPLFGIQADTVVYNHLLNVLVEGS KMKLLESVYSEMGARGIKPDVVTFNTLMKALCRAHQVRTAVLMLEEMSSRGVAPDETT FTTLMQGFVEEGSIEAALRVKARMLEMGCSATKVTVNVLINGYCKLGRVEDALGYIQQ EIADGFEPDQITYNTFVNGLCQNDHVGHALKVMDVMVQEGHDPDVFTYNIVVNCLCKN GQLEEAKGILNQMVDRGCLPDITTFNTLIAALCTGNRLEEALDLARQVTVKGVSPDVY TFNILINALCKVGDPHLALRLFEEMKNSGCTPDEVTYNTLIDNLCSLGKLGKALDLLK DMESTGCPRSTITYNTIIDGLCKKMRIEEAEEVFDQMDLQGISRNAITFNTLIDGLCK DKKIDDAFELINQMISEGLQPNNITYNSILTHYCKQGDIKKAADILETMTANGFEVDV VTYGTLINGLCKAGRTQVALKVLRGMRIKGMRPTPKAYNPVLQSLFRRNNIRDALSLF REMAEVGEPPDALTYKIVFRGLCRGGGPIKEAFDFMLEMVDKGFIPEFSSFRMLAEGL LNLGMDDYFIRAIEIIMEKVDLRESDVSAIRGYLKIRKFYDALATFGRFLEINNPQWS YR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>299..2527#ctcctgttcccctctgcctgccttcacggagaacacgccgccgcacgcccgcaaagttgtcgctccgccgccgggtcctgcggccacttcctccctctccctgtgcatgcgctctcttccccacctgtactttactttagctgctcctctgcccagttgcccacgacctgacgacccggacatggcgcaggctgaggcggggacgacgacatcgccggcgggttgacgcagaaaggagcgaccacccgagggctccgctggattttcaggtagctgagctgagctgaactgaaccccaatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatgaagcagaatacataactgggacaaattacttgaatagtattagggaaatctcaaagagtggatggaatttttgctggttgcttaggggaatgaaagtcttaaattgattataataggtgattgtgttcattcctcggtagggatgaagtcagagcatgaagaagctcatcttggtgcagaaacttagcttattggaacagaatctaggtgctaggtgctgtctgctgccagattagtacctagcgccttaacgaacagtggctgcagatcccatccgcttattttgatcaaatctgattcattttctattccctaataaaagcctgattcatcttcattgcatatggtcgaacctaaggctatcatgtacagttagatcccaacccttcgttctatgagatgttgtcccatagaagaaatatcttctgagtatatcctagtactctaaaatgttcactaatatgttcaacttaattagttttgtaacctcctaaaatagttctattagttttgtaaccttctaaaatatgaattagttttgatctggctgatcttcctttggttaggtactacaaattcttaattcagacacatatttggttttctgaaaatttcatctatatttggtcaggctggcatttgaagttcttattttagtcatatactttagttttttacaattttcatttgttaaagatgataatttatttgttagcacagagcatgtttagaaatctgaaatattaaaacatgcatgttctcatgaaaataaatgttagttttgtttaaattccaatccacatattttttaatcaatgtcagaaattaccatgcttcacttattgacctagtatatgtatagtatttgatggatcatgttgatttggatttgctctactaacttgttcctattccaacaaagatttatatgcatcttgtgttctaaaaatgctacatgtgtcaagttgaaggaaaattctagctatgtggtgtcctaattttggtagatggtacctagtaatagataacaattctgttttatagtgatgagtaaatttgactaaatcgagtctagaaagtgatataattttctggagaagtctttcttggtgatttgggaaagggccattacctatactgatatgaaatctggaactagaaagatctgaacatcaatgttctaaagttttttgtctgaatttcttgtgcagaatatgaaggaaggtggatctggaataggtatttacatgtcctgttcagattcctgcaatctgataaactactgcaatccaataaactcttgatctattgttttctggatttttttttgggtgtagagtattaggaaggtatttgctttgttacaggggttggttggatgttcagaaaaccaaaatctgaatacactaacacattagccagtgttttattttagtttatgttattctgaccacaacaccagcagcttcaattggtagtagaacacactctgatgcaattggtaggtgtacaacagataatttgccgtgaatgctacttaattcaaccattttttttccatacagtgctatacaatggcacacaaacatccttcagttggactcaaatttgtttcagctttgctattttacagtcacctgcagttttttctaatccatcagtcgattttgttggcagtagattctgcttcaagatctgtgcacgcagtggaggcacatttggttacaggctgcttcaccagacccgttaacccatgggccatggatgctcccctagtagcatatgttgttttttccaccaactgcctcttgtaaatcaagatgctcccctctccacatttgctgcagacttcctccccgtggatctgagacgaactccggcgaccggcggcgtctacgagccagcgttcaccaatttctcaggtatatgagtcgtcatctatgtgcatctgctactttttttttttggctgattggacgggttgagaaggaggtgtttggggggaagagagcagaataatcccattgcgaaacaagcgaggaaggcttgtcgatggtggcggcggtggccttgattatcgaagatgcatgcgtgagggaaactgtgtgccagggaggcaagcttggtggcacacatcgagtggtatatcttcaggttactgctagatcgaagatcctttggtgcttgatgtgtgctgttggtttggtagttttggtggtactgtggcaagtgaagacacgaaagaggagctagtagaggcttagagtctggagtcgtaatcgatgtgcaagagcatcaatgccatcagttcctctgggcagcacggctctgcacttttcatctgagaaacatatatattttgttgattctgattttgacgaattatccaaacatgcagtttttttgggttccgcgtgcaaagacgattttgatctcctggcagatttaagggtggtgattttgtttttgttttgcatgtagatgatgcattttgtaaatcattttaggttgccccttttttttttgtttttgcgagttcttactgaatttggataagttctggttgattggatcgacattctgtacatttgcaaggggattctatgggtttttgcttattgctaatcaaattattttgtgagttttggtttattggatggtgagaaagcaagattacatggattttgcttcattgctgattttgtcgaaatttatcaggcatgcggtttttggtttcttgaatacgaactacacggacagtactcctatattcttggtgattttgaagtgtatttgttattttggggaggtggaatggttaatattttgttcaaggggacacttctacagatgtatacattacttttgtcattttcagcataacaaagagatttggtagattcagaattcagatggcaactacacgtcgaatgatgtatgcgaagacatggggaattctgatgctgattccactgaagaaagctaaacataattttaatttatttaccaactcatttttctgtcaacacatttgctagatagttgctacccgataaacgacatcttgaaatctgagttatacttcagtctattttttttcc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001057140.1 RefSeq:Os03g0597200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0597200

2014-05-22T08:14:14Z

Yilutongxing: /* Labs working on this gene */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
YSA is required for chloroplast development in early seedling leaves, and disruption of its function causes a seedling stage-specific albino phenotype, but the plant recovers and develops normal green leaves from the four-leaf stage onward.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage.(Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.2012)
Functional studies of PPR proteins in higher plants remain very sparse. Accumulating data point to an involvement in posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Additional evidence for a role of PPR proteins in regulating organelle gene expression has also come from positional cloning of several cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restorer genes from petunia (Petunia hybrida; Bentolila et al., 2002) and radish (Raphanus sativus; Brown et al., 2003; Desloire et al., 2003; Koizuka et al., 2003). Genetic and biochemical data, and structural modeling of PPR tracts based on established tetratricopeptide repeat proteins together suggest that PPR proteins typically bind directly to specific organellar RNA sequences through a surface created by the stacked helical repeating units. However, still very little is known about the functions, substrates, and regulatory mechanisms for the vast majority of PPR proteins.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage. Further investigation showed that the change in leaf color in ysa mutant is associated with changes in chlorophyll content and chloroplast development.

===Expression===

Tissue localization
YSA is highly expressed in young leaves and stems, but not in the roots (Fig. 1, A–D). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of YSA peaked in the fourth leaf (Fig. 2E). Thus, the expression pattern of YSA is consistent with the seedling-stage-specific albino phenotype of ysa mutant and further supports the notion that YSA plays an important role in chloroplast development in the first few leaves of rice seedlings, but plays more minor roles in later stages.

[[File:picture1.jpg]]

Figure 1. Phenotypic analysis of the ysa mutant plants. A to C, Phenotypes of Pei'ai64S (left) and ysa mutant (right) seedlings at 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) weeks after sowing. D, The pigment contents in leaves of 1-week-old ysa mutants are much lower than that in Pei'ai64S. E, The pigment contents in leaves of 6-week-old ysa mutants are similar to that of Pei'ai64S plants. Chla, Chlorophyll a; Chlb, chlorophyll b; Chl, total chlorophyll; Car, carotenoid. Bars represent sds of three measurements. Student’s t test was performed on the raw data; asterisk indicates statistical significance at P < 0.01.

Subcellular Localization of YSA Protein

The YSA protein is predicted to localize to chloroplasts by ChloroP (Emanuelsson et al., 1999) and TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). To investigate the actual cellular localization of YSA, we constructed the green fluorescent signals of YSA-GFP fusion proteins colocalized with the autofluorescent signals of chlorophylls in the chloroplasts, consistent with the results obtained for GFP fused to the transit peptide of the small subunit of Arabidopsis ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Fig. 2, A and B). When GFP fused to the nuclear localization signal of the fibrillarin protein, GFP signals located specifically in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts (Fig. 2C). In addition, the protoplasts transformed with the empty GFP vector without a specific targeting sequence had green fluorescent signals in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (Fig.2, D and E). To further confirm the subcellular localization of YSA protein, we transformed the plasmid containing the YSA-GFP fusion constructs into rice protoplasts. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that GFP-YSA was exclusively detected in the chloroplasts (Fig. 2F). These findings suggest that YSA protein is localized to the chloroplast.

[[File:picture2.jpg]]

===Evolution===
pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein;
similar to pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein [Arabidopsis thaliana] (TAIR:AT5G65820.1);
similar to OJ991113_30.18 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:CAE02059.2);
similar to Os08g0525500 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:NP_001062291.1);
contains InterPro domain Pentatricopeptide repeat; (InterPro:IPR002885);
contains InterPro domain Protein prenyltransferase; (InterPro:IPR008940);
contains InterPro domain Tetratricopeptide-like helical; (InterPro:IPR011990)

Homology with Arabidopsis Similar to At3g53700: MEE40 (maternal effect embryo arrest 40) (HF=7e-1)
You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==

Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China

==References==

[1] Bentolila S, Alfonso AA, Hanson MR (2002) A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 10887–10892

[2] Brown GG, Formanová N, Jin H, Wargachuk R, Dendy C, Patil P, Laforest M, Zhang J, Cheung WY, Landry BS (2003) The radish Rfo restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide repeats. Plant J 35: 262–272

[3] Desloire S, Gherbi H, Laloui W, Marhadour S, Clouet V, Cattolico L, Falentin C, Giancola S, Renard M, Budar F, et al. (2003) Identification of the fertility restoration locus, Rfo, in radish, as a member of the pentatricopeptide-repeat protein family. EMBO Rep 4: 588–594

[4] Koizuka N, Imai R, Fujimoto H, Hayakawa T, Kimura Y, Kohno-Murase J, Sakai T, Kawasaki S, Imamura J (2003) Genetic characterization of a pentatricopeptide repeat protein gene, orf687, that restores fertility in the cytoplasmic male-sterile Kosena radish. Plant J 34: 407–415

[5] Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, von Heijne G (1999) ChloroP, a neural network-based method for predicting chloroplast transit peptides and their cleavage sites. Protein Sci 8: 978–984

[6] Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, Brunak S, von Heijne G (2000) Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. J Mol Biol 300: 1005–1016

[7] Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.(2012) Disruption of a rice pentatricopeptide repeat protein causes a seedling-specific albino phenotype and its utilization to enhance seed purity in hybrid rice production［J］.Plant Physiology, 159（1）：227-238.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0597200|
Description = Protein prenyltransferase domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001057140.1 GI:115454008 GeneID:4333379|
Length = 5627 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0597200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:22993430..22999056|
CDS = 22996530..22998758|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MPRVCAAPRAPPPPCPCHVGVGPLRPRWRASRHGPLRAAGQEQL LTALREQPDPDAALRMLNAALARDDFAPGPEVYEEIIRKLGAVGALDLMKVLVAEMRR EGHQVKLGVVHSFLDSYEGQQLFDDAVDLILNQLQPLFGIQADTVVYNHLLNVLVEGS KMKLLESVYSEMGARGIKPDVVTFNTLMKALCRAHQVRTAVLMLEEMSSRGVAPDETT FTTLMQGFVEEGSIEAALRVKARMLEMGCSATKVTVNVLINGYCKLGRVEDALGYIQQ EIADGFEPDQITYNTFVNGLCQNDHVGHALKVMDVMVQEGHDPDVFTYNIVVNCLCKN GQLEEAKGILNQMVDRGCLPDITTFNTLIAALCTGNRLEEALDLARQVTVKGVSPDVY TFNILINALCKVGDPHLALRLFEEMKNSGCTPDEVTYNTLIDNLCSLGKLGKALDLLK DMESTGCPRSTITYNTIIDGLCKKMRIEEAEEVFDQMDLQGISRNAITFNTLIDGLCK DKKIDDAFELINQMISEGLQPNNITYNSILTHYCKQGDIKKAADILETMTANGFEVDV VTYGTLINGLCKAGRTQVALKVLRGMRIKGMRPTPKAYNPVLQSLFRRNNIRDALSLF REMAEVGEPPDALTYKIVFRGLCRGGGPIKEAFDFMLEMVDKGFIPEFSSFRMLAEGL LNLGMDDYFIRAIEIIMEKVDLRESDVSAIRGYLKIRKFYDALATFGRFLEINNPQWS YR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>299..2527#ctcctgttcccctctgcctgccttcacggagaacacgccgccgcacgcccgcaaagttgtcgctccgccgccgggtcctgcggccacttcctccctctccctgtgcatgcgctctcttccccacctgtactttactttagctgctcctctgcccagttgcccacgacctgacgacccggacatggcgcaggctgaggcggggacgacgacatcgccggcgggttgacgcagaaaggagcgaccacccgagggctccgctggattttcaggtagctgagctgagctgaactgaaccccaatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatgaagcagaatacataactgggacaaattacttgaatagtattagggaaatctcaaagagtggatggaatttttgctggttgcttaggggaatgaaagtcttaaattgattataataggtgattgtgttcattcctcggtagggatgaagtcagagcatgaagaagctcatcttggtgcagaaacttagcttattggaacagaatctaggtgctaggtgctgtctgctgccagattagtacctagcgccttaacgaacagtggctgcagatcccatccgcttattttgatcaaatctgattcattttctattccctaataaaagcctgattcatcttcattgcatatggtcgaacctaaggctatcatgtacagttagatcccaacccttcgttctatgagatgttgtcccatagaagaaatatcttctgagtatatcctagtactctaaaatgttcactaatatgttcaacttaattagttttgtaacctcctaaaatagttctattagttttgtaaccttctaaaatatgaattagttttgatctggctgatcttcctttggttaggtactacaaattcttaattcagacacatatttggttttctgaaaatttcatctatatttggtcaggctggcatttgaagttcttattttagtcatatactttagttttttacaattttcatttgttaaagatgataatttatttgttagcacagagcatgtttagaaatctgaaatattaaaacatgcatgttctcatgaaaataaatgttagttttgtttaaattccaatccacatattttttaatcaatgtcagaaattaccatgcttcacttattgacctagtatatgtatagtatttgatggatcatgttgatttggatttgctctactaacttgttcctattccaacaaagatttatatgcatcttgtgttctaaaaatgctacatgtgtcaagttgaaggaaaattctagctatgtggtgtcctaattttggtagatggtacctagtaatagataacaattctgttttatagtgatgagtaaatttgactaaatcgagtctagaaagtgatataattttctggagaagtctttcttggtgatttgggaaagggccattacctatactgatatgaaatctggaactagaaagatctgaacatcaatgttctaaagttttttgtctgaatttcttgtgcagaatatgaaggaaggtggatctggaataggtatttacatgtcctgttcagattcctgcaatctgataaactactgcaatccaataaactcttgatctattgttttctggatttttttttgggtgtagagtattaggaaggtatttgctttgttacaggggttggttggatgttcagaaaaccaaaatctgaatacactaacacattagccagtgttttattttagtttatgttattctgaccacaacaccagcagcttcaattggtagtagaacacactctgatgcaattggtaggtgtacaacagataatttgccgtgaatgctacttaattcaaccattttttttccatacagtgctatacaatggcacacaaacatccttcagttggactcaaatttgtttcagctttgctattttacagtcacctgcagttttttctaatccatcagtcgattttgttggcagtagattctgcttcaagatctgtgcacgcagtggaggcacatttggttacaggctgcttcaccagacccgttaacccatgggccatggatgctcccctagtagcatatgttgttttttccaccaactgcctcttgtaaatcaagatgctcccctctccacatttgctgcagacttcctccccgtggatctgagacgaactccggcgaccggcggcgtctacgagccagcgttcaccaatttctcaggtatatgagtcgtcatctatgtgcatctgctactttttttttttggctgattggacgggttgagaaggaggtgtttggggggaagagagcagaataatcccattgcgaaacaagcgaggaaggcttgtcgatggtggcggcggtggccttgattatcgaagatgcatgcgtgagggaaactgtgtgccagggaggcaagcttggtggcacacatcgagtggtatatcttcaggttactgctagatcgaagatcctttggtgcttgatgtgtgctgttggtttggtagttttggtggtactgtggcaagtgaagacacgaaagaggagctagtagaggcttagagtctggagtcgtaatcgatgtgcaagagcatcaatgccatcagttcctctgggcagcacggctctgcacttttcatctgagaaacatatatattttgttgattctgattttgacgaattatccaaacatgcagtttttttgggttccgcgtgcaaagacgattttgatctcctggcagatttaagggtggtgattttgtttttgttttgcatgtagatgatgcattttgtaaatcattttaggttgccccttttttttttgtttttgcgagttcttactgaatttggataagttctggttgattggatcgacattctgtacatttgcaaggggattctatgggtttttgcttattgctaatcaaattattttgtgagttttggtttattggatggtgagaaagcaagattacatggattttgcttcattgctgattttgtcgaaatttatcaggcatgcggtttttggtttcttgaatacgaactacacggacagtactcctatattcttggtgattttgaagtgtatttgttattttggggaggtggaatggttaatattttgttcaaggggacacttctacagatgtatacattacttttgtcattttcagcataacaaagagatttggtagattcagaattcagatggcaactacacgtcgaatgatgtatgcgaagacatggggaattctgatgctgattccactgaagaaagctaaacataattttaatttatttaccaactcatttttctgtcaacacatttgctagatagttgctacccgataaacgacatcttgaaatctgagttatacttcagtctattttttttcc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001057140.1 RefSeq:Os03g0597200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0597200

2014-05-22T08:13:55Z

Yilutongxing: /* References */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
YSA is required for chloroplast development in early seedling leaves, and disruption of its function causes a seedling stage-specific albino phenotype, but the plant recovers and develops normal green leaves from the four-leaf stage onward.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage.(Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.2012)
Functional studies of PPR proteins in higher plants remain very sparse. Accumulating data point to an involvement in posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Additional evidence for a role of PPR proteins in regulating organelle gene expression has also come from positional cloning of several cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restorer genes from petunia (Petunia hybrida; Bentolila et al., 2002) and radish (Raphanus sativus; Brown et al., 2003; Desloire et al., 2003; Koizuka et al., 2003). Genetic and biochemical data, and structural modeling of PPR tracts based on established tetratricopeptide repeat proteins together suggest that PPR proteins typically bind directly to specific organellar RNA sequences through a surface created by the stacked helical repeating units. However, still very little is known about the functions, substrates, and regulatory mechanisms for the vast majority of PPR proteins.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage. Further investigation showed that the change in leaf color in ysa mutant is associated with changes in chlorophyll content and chloroplast development.

===Expression===

Tissue localization
YSA is highly expressed in young leaves and stems, but not in the roots (Fig. 1, A–D). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of YSA peaked in the fourth leaf (Fig. 2E). Thus, the expression pattern of YSA is consistent with the seedling-stage-specific albino phenotype of ysa mutant and further supports the notion that YSA plays an important role in chloroplast development in the first few leaves of rice seedlings, but plays more minor roles in later stages.

[[File:picture1.jpg]]

Figure 1. Phenotypic analysis of the ysa mutant plants. A to C, Phenotypes of Pei'ai64S (left) and ysa mutant (right) seedlings at 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) weeks after sowing. D, The pigment contents in leaves of 1-week-old ysa mutants are much lower than that in Pei'ai64S. E, The pigment contents in leaves of 6-week-old ysa mutants are similar to that of Pei'ai64S plants. Chla, Chlorophyll a; Chlb, chlorophyll b; Chl, total chlorophyll; Car, carotenoid. Bars represent sds of three measurements. Student’s t test was performed on the raw data; asterisk indicates statistical significance at P < 0.01.

Subcellular Localization of YSA Protein

The YSA protein is predicted to localize to chloroplasts by ChloroP (Emanuelsson et al., 1999) and TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). To investigate the actual cellular localization of YSA, we constructed the green fluorescent signals of YSA-GFP fusion proteins colocalized with the autofluorescent signals of chlorophylls in the chloroplasts, consistent with the results obtained for GFP fused to the transit peptide of the small subunit of Arabidopsis ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Fig. 2, A and B). When GFP fused to the nuclear localization signal of the fibrillarin protein, GFP signals located specifically in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts (Fig. 2C). In addition, the protoplasts transformed with the empty GFP vector without a specific targeting sequence had green fluorescent signals in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (Fig.2, D and E). To further confirm the subcellular localization of YSA protein, we transformed the plasmid containing the YSA-GFP fusion constructs into rice protoplasts. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that GFP-YSA was exclusively detected in the chloroplasts (Fig. 2F). These findings suggest that YSA protein is localized to the chloroplast.

[[File:picture2.jpg]]

===Evolution===
pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein;
similar to pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein [Arabidopsis thaliana] (TAIR:AT5G65820.1);
similar to OJ991113_30.18 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:CAE02059.2);
similar to Os08g0525500 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:NP_001062291.1);
contains InterPro domain Pentatricopeptide repeat; (InterPro:IPR002885);
contains InterPro domain Protein prenyltransferase; (InterPro:IPR008940);
contains InterPro domain Tetratricopeptide-like helical; (InterPro:IPR011990)

Homology with Arabidopsis Similar to At3g53700: MEE40 (maternal effect embryo arrest 40) (HF=7e-1)
You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.
Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China

==References==

[1] Bentolila S, Alfonso AA, Hanson MR (2002) A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 10887–10892

[2] Brown GG, Formanová N, Jin H, Wargachuk R, Dendy C, Patil P, Laforest M, Zhang J, Cheung WY, Landry BS (2003) The radish Rfo restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide repeats. Plant J 35: 262–272

[3] Desloire S, Gherbi H, Laloui W, Marhadour S, Clouet V, Cattolico L, Falentin C, Giancola S, Renard M, Budar F, et al. (2003) Identification of the fertility restoration locus, Rfo, in radish, as a member of the pentatricopeptide-repeat protein family. EMBO Rep 4: 588–594

[4] Koizuka N, Imai R, Fujimoto H, Hayakawa T, Kimura Y, Kohno-Murase J, Sakai T, Kawasaki S, Imamura J (2003) Genetic characterization of a pentatricopeptide repeat protein gene, orf687, that restores fertility in the cytoplasmic male-sterile Kosena radish. Plant J 34: 407–415

[5] Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, von Heijne G (1999) ChloroP, a neural network-based method for predicting chloroplast transit peptides and their cleavage sites. Protein Sci 8: 978–984

[6] Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, Brunak S, von Heijne G (2000) Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. J Mol Biol 300: 1005–1016

[7] Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.(2012) Disruption of a rice pentatricopeptide repeat protein causes a seedling-specific albino phenotype and its utilization to enhance seed purity in hybrid rice production［J］.Plant Physiology, 159（1）：227-238.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0597200|
Description = Protein prenyltransferase domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001057140.1 GI:115454008 GeneID:4333379|
Length = 5627 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0597200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:22993430..22999056|
CDS = 22996530..22998758|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MPRVCAAPRAPPPPCPCHVGVGPLRPRWRASRHGPLRAAGQEQL LTALREQPDPDAALRMLNAALARDDFAPGPEVYEEIIRKLGAVGALDLMKVLVAEMRR EGHQVKLGVVHSFLDSYEGQQLFDDAVDLILNQLQPLFGIQADTVVYNHLLNVLVEGS KMKLLESVYSEMGARGIKPDVVTFNTLMKALCRAHQVRTAVLMLEEMSSRGVAPDETT FTTLMQGFVEEGSIEAALRVKARMLEMGCSATKVTVNVLINGYCKLGRVEDALGYIQQ EIADGFEPDQITYNTFVNGLCQNDHVGHALKVMDVMVQEGHDPDVFTYNIVVNCLCKN GQLEEAKGILNQMVDRGCLPDITTFNTLIAALCTGNRLEEALDLARQVTVKGVSPDVY TFNILINALCKVGDPHLALRLFEEMKNSGCTPDEVTYNTLIDNLCSLGKLGKALDLLK DMESTGCPRSTITYNTIIDGLCKKMRIEEAEEVFDQMDLQGISRNAITFNTLIDGLCK DKKIDDAFELINQMISEGLQPNNITYNSILTHYCKQGDIKKAADILETMTANGFEVDV VTYGTLINGLCKAGRTQVALKVLRGMRIKGMRPTPKAYNPVLQSLFRRNNIRDALSLF REMAEVGEPPDALTYKIVFRGLCRGGGPIKEAFDFMLEMVDKGFIPEFSSFRMLAEGL LNLGMDDYFIRAIEIIMEKVDLRESDVSAIRGYLKIRKFYDALATFGRFLEINNPQWS YR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>299..2527#ctcctgttcccctctgcctgccttcacggagaacacgccgccgcacgcccgcaaagttgtcgctccgccgccgggtcctgcggccacttcctccctctccctgtgcatgcgctctcttccccacctgtactttactttagctgctcctctgcccagttgcccacgacctgacgacccggacatggcgcaggctgaggcggggacgacgacatcgccggcgggttgacgcagaaaggagcgaccacccgagggctccgctggattttcaggtagctgagctgagctgaactgaaccccaatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatgaagcagaatacataactgggacaaattacttgaatagtattagggaaatctcaaagagtggatggaatttttgctggttgcttaggggaatgaaagtcttaaattgattataataggtgattgtgttcattcctcggtagggatgaagtcagagcatgaagaagctcatcttggtgcagaaacttagcttattggaacagaatctaggtgctaggtgctgtctgctgccagattagtacctagcgccttaacgaacagtggctgcagatcccatccgcttattttgatcaaatctgattcattttctattccctaataaaagcctgattcatcttcattgcatatggtcgaacctaaggctatcatgtacagttagatcccaacccttcgttctatgagatgttgtcccatagaagaaatatcttctgagtatatcctagtactctaaaatgttcactaatatgttcaacttaattagttttgtaacctcctaaaatagttctattagttttgtaaccttctaaaatatgaattagttttgatctggctgatcttcctttggttaggtactacaaattcttaattcagacacatatttggttttctgaaaatttcatctatatttggtcaggctggcatttgaagttcttattttagtcatatactttagttttttacaattttcatttgttaaagatgataatttatttgttagcacagagcatgtttagaaatctgaaatattaaaacatgcatgttctcatgaaaataaatgttagttttgtttaaattccaatccacatattttttaatcaatgtcagaaattaccatgcttcacttattgacctagtatatgtatagtatttgatggatcatgttgatttggatttgctctactaacttgttcctattccaacaaagatttatatgcatcttgtgttctaaaaatgctacatgtgtcaagttgaaggaaaattctagctatgtggtgtcctaattttggtagatggtacctagtaatagataacaattctgttttatagtgatgagtaaatttgactaaatcgagtctagaaagtgatataattttctggagaagtctttcttggtgatttgggaaagggccattacctatactgatatgaaatctggaactagaaagatctgaacatcaatgttctaaagttttttgtctgaatttcttgtgcagaatatgaaggaaggtggatctggaataggtatttacatgtcctgttcagattcctgcaatctgataaactactgcaatccaataaactcttgatctattgttttctggatttttttttgggtgtagagtattaggaaggtatttgctttgttacaggggttggttggatgttcagaaaaccaaaatctgaatacactaacacattagccagtgttttattttagtttatgttattctgaccacaacaccagcagcttcaattggtagtagaacacactctgatgcaattggtaggtgtacaacagataatttgccgtgaatgctacttaattcaaccattttttttccatacagtgctatacaatggcacacaaacatccttcagttggactcaaatttgtttcagctttgctattttacagtcacctgcagttttttctaatccatcagtcgattttgttggcagtagattctgcttcaagatctgtgcacgcagtggaggcacatttggttacaggctgcttcaccagacccgttaacccatgggccatggatgctcccctagtagcatatgttgttttttccaccaactgcctcttgtaaatcaagatgctcccctctccacatttgctgcagacttcctccccgtggatctgagacgaactccggcgaccggcggcgtctacgagccagcgttcaccaatttctcaggtatatgagtcgtcatctatgtgcatctgctactttttttttttggctgattggacgggttgagaaggaggtgtttggggggaagagagcagaataatcccattgcgaaacaagcgaggaaggcttgtcgatggtggcggcggtggccttgattatcgaagatgcatgcgtgagggaaactgtgtgccagggaggcaagcttggtggcacacatcgagtggtatatcttcaggttactgctagatcgaagatcctttggtgcttgatgtgtgctgttggtttggtagttttggtggtactgtggcaagtgaagacacgaaagaggagctagtagaggcttagagtctggagtcgtaatcgatgtgcaagagcatcaatgccatcagttcctctgggcagcacggctctgcacttttcatctgagaaacatatatattttgttgattctgattttgacgaattatccaaacatgcagtttttttgggttccgcgtgcaaagacgattttgatctcctggcagatttaagggtggtgattttgtttttgttttgcatgtagatgatgcattttgtaaatcattttaggttgccccttttttttttgtttttgcgagttcttactgaatttggataagttctggttgattggatcgacattctgtacatttgcaaggggattctatgggtttttgcttattgctaatcaaattattttgtgagttttggtttattggatggtgagaaagcaagattacatggattttgcttcattgctgattttgtcgaaatttatcaggcatgcggtttttggtttcttgaatacgaactacacggacagtactcctatattcttggtgattttgaagtgtatttgttattttggggaggtggaatggttaatattttgttcaaggggacacttctacagatgtatacattacttttgtcattttcagcataacaaagagatttggtagattcagaattcagatggcaactacacgtcgaatgatgtatgcgaagacatggggaattctgatgctgattccactgaagaaagctaaacataattttaatttatttaccaactcatttttctgtcaacacatttgctagatagttgctacccgataaacgacatcttgaaatctgagttatacttcagtctattttttttcc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001057140.1 RefSeq:Os03g0597200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0597200

2014-05-22T08:12:04Z

Yilutongxing: /* References */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
YSA is required for chloroplast development in early seedling leaves, and disruption of its function causes a seedling stage-specific albino phenotype, but the plant recovers and develops normal green leaves from the four-leaf stage onward.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage.(Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.2012)
Functional studies of PPR proteins in higher plants remain very sparse. Accumulating data point to an involvement in posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Additional evidence for a role of PPR proteins in regulating organelle gene expression has also come from positional cloning of several cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restorer genes from petunia (Petunia hybrida; Bentolila et al., 2002) and radish (Raphanus sativus; Brown et al., 2003; Desloire et al., 2003; Koizuka et al., 2003). Genetic and biochemical data, and structural modeling of PPR tracts based on established tetratricopeptide repeat proteins together suggest that PPR proteins typically bind directly to specific organellar RNA sequences through a surface created by the stacked helical repeating units. However, still very little is known about the functions, substrates, and regulatory mechanisms for the vast majority of PPR proteins.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage. Further investigation showed that the change in leaf color in ysa mutant is associated with changes in chlorophyll content and chloroplast development.

===Expression===

Tissue localization
YSA is highly expressed in young leaves and stems, but not in the roots (Fig. 1, A–D). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of YSA peaked in the fourth leaf (Fig. 2E). Thus, the expression pattern of YSA is consistent with the seedling-stage-specific albino phenotype of ysa mutant and further supports the notion that YSA plays an important role in chloroplast development in the first few leaves of rice seedlings, but plays more minor roles in later stages.

[[File:picture1.jpg]]

Figure 1. Phenotypic analysis of the ysa mutant plants. A to C, Phenotypes of Pei'ai64S (left) and ysa mutant (right) seedlings at 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) weeks after sowing. D, The pigment contents in leaves of 1-week-old ysa mutants are much lower than that in Pei'ai64S. E, The pigment contents in leaves of 6-week-old ysa mutants are similar to that of Pei'ai64S plants. Chla, Chlorophyll a; Chlb, chlorophyll b; Chl, total chlorophyll; Car, carotenoid. Bars represent sds of three measurements. Student’s t test was performed on the raw data; asterisk indicates statistical significance at P < 0.01.

Subcellular Localization of YSA Protein

The YSA protein is predicted to localize to chloroplasts by ChloroP (Emanuelsson et al., 1999) and TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). To investigate the actual cellular localization of YSA, we constructed the green fluorescent signals of YSA-GFP fusion proteins colocalized with the autofluorescent signals of chlorophylls in the chloroplasts, consistent with the results obtained for GFP fused to the transit peptide of the small subunit of Arabidopsis ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Fig. 2, A and B). When GFP fused to the nuclear localization signal of the fibrillarin protein, GFP signals located specifically in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts (Fig. 2C). In addition, the protoplasts transformed with the empty GFP vector without a specific targeting sequence had green fluorescent signals in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (Fig.2, D and E). To further confirm the subcellular localization of YSA protein, we transformed the plasmid containing the YSA-GFP fusion constructs into rice protoplasts. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that GFP-YSA was exclusively detected in the chloroplasts (Fig. 2F). These findings suggest that YSA protein is localized to the chloroplast.

[[File:picture2.jpg]]

===Evolution===
pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein;
similar to pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein [Arabidopsis thaliana] (TAIR:AT5G65820.1);
similar to OJ991113_30.18 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:CAE02059.2);
similar to Os08g0525500 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:NP_001062291.1);
contains InterPro domain Pentatricopeptide repeat; (InterPro:IPR002885);
contains InterPro domain Protein prenyltransferase; (InterPro:IPR008940);
contains InterPro domain Tetratricopeptide-like helical; (InterPro:IPR011990)

Homology with Arabidopsis Similar to At3g53700: MEE40 (maternal effect embryo arrest 40) (HF=7e-1)
You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.
Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China

==References==
Please input cited references here.
[1] Bentolila S, Alfonso AA, Hanson MR (2002) A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 10887–10892
[2] Brown GG, Formanová N, Jin H, Wargachuk R, Dendy C, Patil P, Laforest M, Zhang J, Cheung WY, Landry BS (2003) The radish Rfo restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide repeats. Plant J 35: 262–272
[3] Desloire S, Gherbi H, Laloui W, Marhadour S, Clouet V, Cattolico L, Falentin C, Giancola S, Renard M, Budar F, et al. (2003) Identification of the fertility restoration locus, Rfo, in radish, as a member of the pentatricopeptide-repeat protein family. EMBO Rep 4: 588–594
[4] Koizuka N, Imai R, Fujimoto H, Hayakawa T, Kimura Y, Kohno-Murase J, Sakai T, Kawasaki S, Imamura J (2003) Genetic characterization of a pentatricopeptide repeat protein gene, orf687, that restores fertility in the cytoplasmic male-sterile Kosena radish. Plant J 34: 407–415
[5] Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, von Heijne G (1999) ChloroP, a neural network-based method for predicting chloroplast transit peptides and their cleavage sites. Protein Sci 8: 978–984
[6] Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, Brunak S, von Heijne G (2000) Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. J Mol Biol 300: 1005–1016
[7] Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.(2012) Disruption of a rice pentatricopeptide repeat protein causes a seedling-specific albino phenotype and its utilization to enhance seed purity in hybrid rice production［J］.Plant Physiology, 159（1）：227-238.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0597200|
Description = Protein prenyltransferase domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001057140.1 GI:115454008 GeneID:4333379|
Length = 5627 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0597200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:22993430..22999056|
CDS = 22996530..22998758|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MPRVCAAPRAPPPPCPCHVGVGPLRPRWRASRHGPLRAAGQEQL LTALREQPDPDAALRMLNAALARDDFAPGPEVYEEIIRKLGAVGALDLMKVLVAEMRR EGHQVKLGVVHSFLDSYEGQQLFDDAVDLILNQLQPLFGIQADTVVYNHLLNVLVEGS KMKLLESVYSEMGARGIKPDVVTFNTLMKALCRAHQVRTAVLMLEEMSSRGVAPDETT FTTLMQGFVEEGSIEAALRVKARMLEMGCSATKVTVNVLINGYCKLGRVEDALGYIQQ EIADGFEPDQITYNTFVNGLCQNDHVGHALKVMDVMVQEGHDPDVFTYNIVVNCLCKN GQLEEAKGILNQMVDRGCLPDITTFNTLIAALCTGNRLEEALDLARQVTVKGVSPDVY TFNILINALCKVGDPHLALRLFEEMKNSGCTPDEVTYNTLIDNLCSLGKLGKALDLLK DMESTGCPRSTITYNTIIDGLCKKMRIEEAEEVFDQMDLQGISRNAITFNTLIDGLCK DKKIDDAFELINQMISEGLQPNNITYNSILTHYCKQGDIKKAADILETMTANGFEVDV VTYGTLINGLCKAGRTQVALKVLRGMRIKGMRPTPKAYNPVLQSLFRRNNIRDALSLF REMAEVGEPPDALTYKIVFRGLCRGGGPIKEAFDFMLEMVDKGFIPEFSSFRMLAEGL LNLGMDDYFIRAIEIIMEKVDLRESDVSAIRGYLKIRKFYDALATFGRFLEINNPQWS YR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>299..2527#ctcctgttcccctctgcctgccttcacggagaacacgccgccgcacgcccgcaaagttgtcgctccgccgccgggtcctgcggccacttcctccctctccctgtgcatgcgctctcttccccacctgtactttactttagctgctcctctgcccagttgcccacgacctgacgacccggacatggcgcaggctgaggcggggacgacgacatcgccggcgggttgacgcagaaaggagcgaccacccgagggctccgctggattttcaggtagctgagctgagctgaactgaaccccaatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatgaagcagaatacataactgggacaaattacttgaatagtattagggaaatctcaaagagtggatggaatttttgctggttgcttaggggaatgaaagtcttaaattgattataataggtgattgtgttcattcctcggtagggatgaagtcagagcatgaagaagctcatcttggtgcagaaacttagcttattggaacagaatctaggtgctaggtgctgtctgctgccagattagtacctagcgccttaacgaacagtggctgcagatcccatccgcttattttgatcaaatctgattcattttctattccctaataaaagcctgattcatcttcattgcatatggtcgaacctaaggctatcatgtacagttagatcccaacccttcgttctatgagatgttgtcccatagaagaaatatcttctgagtatatcctagtactctaaaatgttcactaatatgttcaacttaattagttttgtaacctcctaaaatagttctattagttttgtaaccttctaaaatatgaattagttttgatctggctgatcttcctttggttaggtactacaaattcttaattcagacacatatttggttttctgaaaatttcatctatatttggtcaggctggcatttgaagttcttattttagtcatatactttagttttttacaattttcatttgttaaagatgataatttatttgttagcacagagcatgtttagaaatctgaaatattaaaacatgcatgttctcatgaaaataaatgttagttttgtttaaattccaatccacatattttttaatcaatgtcagaaattaccatgcttcacttattgacctagtatatgtatagtatttgatggatcatgttgatttggatttgctctactaacttgttcctattccaacaaagatttatatgcatcttgtgttctaaaaatgctacatgtgtcaagttgaaggaaaattctagctatgtggtgtcctaattttggtagatggtacctagtaatagataacaattctgttttatagtgatgagtaaatttgactaaatcgagtctagaaagtgatataattttctggagaagtctttcttggtgatttgggaaagggccattacctatactgatatgaaatctggaactagaaagatctgaacatcaatgttctaaagttttttgtctgaatttcttgtgcagaatatgaaggaaggtggatctggaataggtatttacatgtcctgttcagattcctgcaatctgataaactactgcaatccaataaactcttgatctattgttttctggatttttttttgggtgtagagtattaggaaggtatttgctttgttacaggggttggttggatgttcagaaaaccaaaatctgaatacactaacacattagccagtgttttattttagtttatgttattctgaccacaacaccagcagcttcaattggtagtagaacacactctgatgcaattggtaggtgtacaacagataatttgccgtgaatgctacttaattcaaccattttttttccatacagtgctatacaatggcacacaaacatccttcagttggactcaaatttgtttcagctttgctattttacagtcacctgcagttttttctaatccatcagtcgattttgttggcagtagattctgcttcaagatctgtgcacgcagtggaggcacatttggttacaggctgcttcaccagacccgttaacccatgggccatggatgctcccctagtagcatatgttgttttttccaccaactgcctcttgtaaatcaagatgctcccctctccacatttgctgcagacttcctccccgtggatctgagacgaactccggcgaccggcggcgtctacgagccagcgttcaccaatttctcaggtatatgagtcgtcatctatgtgcatctgctactttttttttttggctgattggacgggttgagaaggaggtgtttggggggaagagagcagaataatcccattgcgaaacaagcgaggaaggcttgtcgatggtggcggcggtggccttgattatcgaagatgcatgcgtgagggaaactgtgtgccagggaggcaagcttggtggcacacatcgagtggtatatcttcaggttactgctagatcgaagatcctttggtgcttgatgtgtgctgttggtttggtagttttggtggtactgtggcaagtgaagacacgaaagaggagctagtagaggcttagagtctggagtcgtaatcgatgtgcaagagcatcaatgccatcagttcctctgggcagcacggctctgcacttttcatctgagaaacatatatattttgttgattctgattttgacgaattatccaaacatgcagtttttttgggttccgcgtgcaaagacgattttgatctcctggcagatttaagggtggtgattttgtttttgttttgcatgtagatgatgcattttgtaaatcattttaggttgccccttttttttttgtttttgcgagttcttactgaatttggataagttctggttgattggatcgacattctgtacatttgcaaggggattctatgggtttttgcttattgctaatcaaattattttgtgagttttggtttattggatggtgagaaagcaagattacatggattttgcttcattgctgattttgtcgaaatttatcaggcatgcggtttttggtttcttgaatacgaactacacggacagtactcctatattcttggtgattttgaagtgtatttgttattttggggaggtggaatggttaatattttgttcaaggggacacttctacagatgtatacattacttttgtcattttcagcataacaaagagatttggtagattcagaattcagatggcaactacacgtcgaatgatgtatgcgaagacatggggaattctgatgctgattccactgaagaaagctaaacataattttaatttatttaccaactcatttttctgtcaacacatttgctagatagttgctacccgataaacgacatcttgaaatctgagttatacttcagtctattttttttcc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001057140.1 RefSeq:Os03g0597200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0597200

2014-05-22T08:11:19Z

Yilutongxing: /* Annotated Information */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
YSA is required for chloroplast development in early seedling leaves, and disruption of its function causes a seedling stage-specific albino phenotype, but the plant recovers and develops normal green leaves from the four-leaf stage onward.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage.(Su N, Hu ML, Wu DX, et al.2012)
Functional studies of PPR proteins in higher plants remain very sparse. Accumulating data point to an involvement in posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Additional evidence for a role of PPR proteins in regulating organelle gene expression has also come from positional cloning of several cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restorer genes from petunia (Petunia hybrida; Bentolila et al., 2002) and radish (Raphanus sativus; Brown et al., 2003; Desloire et al., 2003; Koizuka et al., 2003). Genetic and biochemical data, and structural modeling of PPR tracts based on established tetratricopeptide repeat proteins together suggest that PPR proteins typically bind directly to specific organellar RNA sequences through a surface created by the stacked helical repeating units. However, still very little is known about the functions, substrates, and regulatory mechanisms for the vast majority of PPR proteins.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage. Further investigation showed that the change in leaf color in ysa mutant is associated with changes in chlorophyll content and chloroplast development.

===Expression===

Tissue localization
YSA is highly expressed in young leaves and stems, but not in the roots (Fig. 1, A–D). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of YSA peaked in the fourth leaf (Fig. 2E). Thus, the expression pattern of YSA is consistent with the seedling-stage-specific albino phenotype of ysa mutant and further supports the notion that YSA plays an important role in chloroplast development in the first few leaves of rice seedlings, but plays more minor roles in later stages.

[[File:picture1.jpg]]

Figure 1. Phenotypic analysis of the ysa mutant plants. A to C, Phenotypes of Pei'ai64S (left) and ysa mutant (right) seedlings at 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) weeks after sowing. D, The pigment contents in leaves of 1-week-old ysa mutants are much lower than that in Pei'ai64S. E, The pigment contents in leaves of 6-week-old ysa mutants are similar to that of Pei'ai64S plants. Chla, Chlorophyll a; Chlb, chlorophyll b; Chl, total chlorophyll; Car, carotenoid. Bars represent sds of three measurements. Student’s t test was performed on the raw data; asterisk indicates statistical significance at P < 0.01.

Subcellular Localization of YSA Protein

The YSA protein is predicted to localize to chloroplasts by ChloroP (Emanuelsson et al., 1999) and TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). To investigate the actual cellular localization of YSA, we constructed the green fluorescent signals of YSA-GFP fusion proteins colocalized with the autofluorescent signals of chlorophylls in the chloroplasts, consistent with the results obtained for GFP fused to the transit peptide of the small subunit of Arabidopsis ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Fig. 2, A and B). When GFP fused to the nuclear localization signal of the fibrillarin protein, GFP signals located specifically in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts (Fig. 2C). In addition, the protoplasts transformed with the empty GFP vector without a specific targeting sequence had green fluorescent signals in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (Fig.2, D and E). To further confirm the subcellular localization of YSA protein, we transformed the plasmid containing the YSA-GFP fusion constructs into rice protoplasts. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that GFP-YSA was exclusively detected in the chloroplasts (Fig. 2F). These findings suggest that YSA protein is localized to the chloroplast.

[[File:picture2.jpg]]

===Evolution===
pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein;
similar to pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein [Arabidopsis thaliana] (TAIR:AT5G65820.1);
similar to OJ991113_30.18 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:CAE02059.2);
similar to Os08g0525500 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:NP_001062291.1);
contains InterPro domain Pentatricopeptide repeat; (InterPro:IPR002885);
contains InterPro domain Protein prenyltransferase; (InterPro:IPR008940);
contains InterPro domain Tetratricopeptide-like helical; (InterPro:IPR011990)

Homology with Arabidopsis Similar to At3g53700: MEE40 (maternal effect embryo arrest 40) (HF=7e-1)
You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.
Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China

==References==
Please input cited references here.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0597200|
Description = Protein prenyltransferase domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001057140.1 GI:115454008 GeneID:4333379|
Length = 5627 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0597200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:22993430..22999056|
CDS = 22996530..22998758|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MPRVCAAPRAPPPPCPCHVGVGPLRPRWRASRHGPLRAAGQEQL LTALREQPDPDAALRMLNAALARDDFAPGPEVYEEIIRKLGAVGALDLMKVLVAEMRR EGHQVKLGVVHSFLDSYEGQQLFDDAVDLILNQLQPLFGIQADTVVYNHLLNVLVEGS KMKLLESVYSEMGARGIKPDVVTFNTLMKALCRAHQVRTAVLMLEEMSSRGVAPDETT FTTLMQGFVEEGSIEAALRVKARMLEMGCSATKVTVNVLINGYCKLGRVEDALGYIQQ EIADGFEPDQITYNTFVNGLCQNDHVGHALKVMDVMVQEGHDPDVFTYNIVVNCLCKN GQLEEAKGILNQMVDRGCLPDITTFNTLIAALCTGNRLEEALDLARQVTVKGVSPDVY TFNILINALCKVGDPHLALRLFEEMKNSGCTPDEVTYNTLIDNLCSLGKLGKALDLLK DMESTGCPRSTITYNTIIDGLCKKMRIEEAEEVFDQMDLQGISRNAITFNTLIDGLCK DKKIDDAFELINQMISEGLQPNNITYNSILTHYCKQGDIKKAADILETMTANGFEVDV VTYGTLINGLCKAGRTQVALKVLRGMRIKGMRPTPKAYNPVLQSLFRRNNIRDALSLF REMAEVGEPPDALTYKIVFRGLCRGGGPIKEAFDFMLEMVDKGFIPEFSSFRMLAEGL LNLGMDDYFIRAIEIIMEKVDLRESDVSAIRGYLKIRKFYDALATFGRFLEINNPQWS YR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>299..2527#ctcctgttcccctctgcctgccttcacggagaacacgccgccgcacgcccgcaaagttgtcgctccgccgccgggtcctgcggccacttcctccctctccctgtgcatgcgctctcttccccacctgtactttactttagctgctcctctgcccagttgcccacgacctgacgacccggacatggcgcaggctgaggcggggacgacgacatcgccggcgggttgacgcagaaaggagcgaccacccgagggctccgctggattttcaggtagctgagctgagctgaactgaaccccaatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatgaagcagaatacataactgggacaaattacttgaatagtattagggaaatctcaaagagtggatggaatttttgctggttgcttaggggaatgaaagtcttaaattgattataataggtgattgtgttcattcctcggtagggatgaagtcagagcatgaagaagctcatcttggtgcagaaacttagcttattggaacagaatctaggtgctaggtgctgtctgctgccagattagtacctagcgccttaacgaacagtggctgcagatcccatccgcttattttgatcaaatctgattcattttctattccctaataaaagcctgattcatcttcattgcatatggtcgaacctaaggctatcatgtacagttagatcccaacccttcgttctatgagatgttgtcccatagaagaaatatcttctgagtatatcctagtactctaaaatgttcactaatatgttcaacttaattagttttgtaacctcctaaaatagttctattagttttgtaaccttctaaaatatgaattagttttgatctggctgatcttcctttggttaggtactacaaattcttaattcagacacatatttggttttctgaaaatttcatctatatttggtcaggctggcatttgaagttcttattttagtcatatactttagttttttacaattttcatttgttaaagatgataatttatttgttagcacagagcatgtttagaaatctgaaatattaaaacatgcatgttctcatgaaaataaatgttagttttgtttaaattccaatccacatattttttaatcaatgtcagaaattaccatgcttcacttattgacctagtatatgtatagtatttgatggatcatgttgatttggatttgctctactaacttgttcctattccaacaaagatttatatgcatcttgtgttctaaaaatgctacatgtgtcaagttgaaggaaaattctagctatgtggtgtcctaattttggtagatggtacctagtaatagataacaattctgttttatagtgatgagtaaatttgactaaatcgagtctagaaagtgatataattttctggagaagtctttcttggtgatttgggaaagggccattacctatactgatatgaaatctggaactagaaagatctgaacatcaatgttctaaagttttttgtctgaatttcttgtgcagaatatgaaggaaggtggatctggaataggtatttacatgtcctgttcagattcctgcaatctgataaactactgcaatccaataaactcttgatctattgttttctggatttttttttgggtgtagagtattaggaaggtatttgctttgttacaggggttggttggatgttcagaaaaccaaaatctgaatacactaacacattagccagtgttttattttagtttatgttattctgaccacaacaccagcagcttcaattggtagtagaacacactctgatgcaattggtaggtgtacaacagataatttgccgtgaatgctacttaattcaaccattttttttccatacagtgctatacaatggcacacaaacatccttcagttggactcaaatttgtttcagctttgctattttacagtcacctgcagttttttctaatccatcagtcgattttgttggcagtagattctgcttcaagatctgtgcacgcagtggaggcacatttggttacaggctgcttcaccagacccgttaacccatgggccatggatgctcccctagtagcatatgttgttttttccaccaactgcctcttgtaaatcaagatgctcccctctccacatttgctgcagacttcctccccgtggatctgagacgaactccggcgaccggcggcgtctacgagccagcgttcaccaatttctcaggtatatgagtcgtcatctatgtgcatctgctactttttttttttggctgattggacgggttgagaaggaggtgtttggggggaagagagcagaataatcccattgcgaaacaagcgaggaaggcttgtcgatggtggcggcggtggccttgattatcgaagatgcatgcgtgagggaaactgtgtgccagggaggcaagcttggtggcacacatcgagtggtatatcttcaggttactgctagatcgaagatcctttggtgcttgatgtgtgctgttggtttggtagttttggtggtactgtggcaagtgaagacacgaaagaggagctagtagaggcttagagtctggagtcgtaatcgatgtgcaagagcatcaatgccatcagttcctctgggcagcacggctctgcacttttcatctgagaaacatatatattttgttgattctgattttgacgaattatccaaacatgcagtttttttgggttccgcgtgcaaagacgattttgatctcctggcagatttaagggtggtgattttgtttttgttttgcatgtagatgatgcattttgtaaatcattttaggttgccccttttttttttgtttttgcgagttcttactgaatttggataagttctggttgattggatcgacattctgtacatttgcaaggggattctatgggtttttgcttattgctaatcaaattattttgtgagttttggtttattggatggtgagaaagcaagattacatggattttgcttcattgctgattttgtcgaaatttatcaggcatgcggtttttggtttcttgaatacgaactacacggacagtactcctatattcttggtgattttgaagtgtatttgttattttggggaggtggaatggttaatattttgttcaaggggacacttctacagatgtatacattacttttgtcattttcagcataacaaagagatttggtagattcagaattcagatggcaactacacgtcgaatgatgtatgcgaagacatggggaattctgatgctgattccactgaagaaagctaaacataattttaatttatttaccaactcatttttctgtcaacacatttgctagatagttgctacccgataaacgacatcttgaaatctgagttatacttcagtctattttttttcc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001057140.1 RefSeq:Os03g0597200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0597200

2014-05-22T07:50:40Z

Yilutongxing: /* Labs working on this gene */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
YSA is required for chloroplast development in early seedling leaves, and disruption of its function causes a seedling stage-specific albino phenotype, but the plant recovers and develops normal green leaves from the four-leaf stage onward.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage.
Functional studies of PPR proteins in higher plants remain very sparse. Accumulating data point to an involvement in posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Additional evidence for a role of PPR proteins in regulating organelle gene expression has also come from positional cloning of several cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restorer genes from petunia (Petunia hybrida; Bentolila et al., 2002) and radish (Raphanus sativus; Brown et al., 2003; Desloire et al., 2003; Koizuka et al., 2003). Genetic and biochemical data, and structural modeling of PPR tracts based on established tetratricopeptide repeat proteins together suggest that PPR proteins typically bind directly to specific organellar RNA sequences through a surface created by the stacked helical repeating units. However, still very little is known about the functions, substrates, and regulatory mechanisms for the vast majority of PPR proteins.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage. Further investigation showed that the change in leaf color in ysa mutant is associated with changes in chlorophyll content and chloroplast development.

===Expression===

Tissue localization
YSA is highly expressed in young leaves and stems, but not in the roots (Fig. 1, A–D). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of YSA peaked in the fourth leaf (Fig. 5E). Thus, the expression pattern of YSA is consistent with the seedling-stage-specific albino phenotype of ysa mutant and further supports the notion that YSA plays an important role in chloroplast development in the first few leaves of rice seedlings, but plays more minor roles in later stages.

[[File:picture1.jpg]]

Figure 1. Phenotypic analysis of the ysa mutant plants. A to C, Phenotypes of Pei'ai64S (left) and ysa mutant (right) seedlings at 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) weeks after sowing. D, The pigment contents in leaves of 1-week-old ysa mutants are much lower than that in Pei'ai64S. E, The pigment contents in leaves of 6-week-old ysa mutants are similar to that of Pei'ai64S plants. Chla, Chlorophyll a; Chlb, chlorophyll b; Chl, total chlorophyll; Car, carotenoid. Bars represent sds of three measurements. Student’s t test was performed on the raw data; asterisk indicates statistical significance at P < 0.01.

Subcellular Localization of YSA Protein

The YSA protein is predicted to localize to chloroplasts by ChloroP (Emanuelsson et al., 1999) and TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). To investigate the actual cellular localization of YSA, we constructed the green fluorescent signals of YSA-GFP fusion proteins colocalized with the autofluorescent signals of chlorophylls in the chloroplasts, consistent with the results obtained for GFP fused to the transit peptide of the small subunit of Arabidopsis ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Fig. 2, A and B). When GFP fused to the nuclear localization signal of the fibrillarin protein, GFP signals located specifically in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts (Fig. 2C). In addition, the protoplasts transformed with the empty GFP vector without a specific targeting sequence had green fluorescent signals in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (Fig.2, D and E). To further confirm the subcellular localization of YSA protein, we transformed the plasmid containing the YSA-GFP fusion constructs into rice protoplasts. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that GFP-YSA was exclusively detected in the chloroplasts (Fig. 2F). These findings suggest that YSA protein is localized to the chloroplast.

[[File:picture2.jpg]]

===Evolution===
pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein;
similar to pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein [Arabidopsis thaliana] (TAIR:AT5G65820.1);
similar to OJ991113_30.18 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:CAE02059.2);
similar to Os08g0525500 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:NP_001062291.1);
contains InterPro domain Pentatricopeptide repeat; (InterPro:IPR002885);
contains InterPro domain Protein prenyltransferase; (InterPro:IPR008940);
contains InterPro domain Tetratricopeptide-like helical; (InterPro:IPR011990)

Homology with Arabidopsis Similar to At3g53700: MEE40 (maternal effect embryo arrest 40) (HF=7e-1)
You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.
Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China

==References==
Please input cited references here.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0597200|
Description = Protein prenyltransferase domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001057140.1 GI:115454008 GeneID:4333379|
Length = 5627 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0597200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:22993430..22999056|
CDS = 22996530..22998758|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MPRVCAAPRAPPPPCPCHVGVGPLRPRWRASRHGPLRAAGQEQL LTALREQPDPDAALRMLNAALARDDFAPGPEVYEEIIRKLGAVGALDLMKVLVAEMRR EGHQVKLGVVHSFLDSYEGQQLFDDAVDLILNQLQPLFGIQADTVVYNHLLNVLVEGS KMKLLESVYSEMGARGIKPDVVTFNTLMKALCRAHQVRTAVLMLEEMSSRGVAPDETT FTTLMQGFVEEGSIEAALRVKARMLEMGCSATKVTVNVLINGYCKLGRVEDALGYIQQ EIADGFEPDQITYNTFVNGLCQNDHVGHALKVMDVMVQEGHDPDVFTYNIVVNCLCKN GQLEEAKGILNQMVDRGCLPDITTFNTLIAALCTGNRLEEALDLARQVTVKGVSPDVY TFNILINALCKVGDPHLALRLFEEMKNSGCTPDEVTYNTLIDNLCSLGKLGKALDLLK DMESTGCPRSTITYNTIIDGLCKKMRIEEAEEVFDQMDLQGISRNAITFNTLIDGLCK DKKIDDAFELINQMISEGLQPNNITYNSILTHYCKQGDIKKAADILETMTANGFEVDV VTYGTLINGLCKAGRTQVALKVLRGMRIKGMRPTPKAYNPVLQSLFRRNNIRDALSLF REMAEVGEPPDALTYKIVFRGLCRGGGPIKEAFDFMLEMVDKGFIPEFSSFRMLAEGL LNLGMDDYFIRAIEIIMEKVDLRESDVSAIRGYLKIRKFYDALATFGRFLEINNPQWS YR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>299..2527#ctcctgttcccctctgcctgccttcacggagaacacgccgccgcacgcccgcaaagttgtcgctccgccgccgggtcctgcggccacttcctccctctccctgtgcatgcgctctcttccccacctgtactttactttagctgctcctctgcccagttgcccacgacctgacgacccggacatggcgcaggctgaggcggggacgacgacatcgccggcgggttgacgcagaaaggagcgaccacccgagggctccgctggattttcaggtagctgagctgagctgaactgaaccccaatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatgaagcagaatacataactgggacaaattacttgaatagtattagggaaatctcaaagagtggatggaatttttgctggttgcttaggggaatgaaagtcttaaattgattataataggtgattgtgttcattcctcggtagggatgaagtcagagcatgaagaagctcatcttggtgcagaaacttagcttattggaacagaatctaggtgctaggtgctgtctgctgccagattagtacctagcgccttaacgaacagtggctgcagatcccatccgcttattttgatcaaatctgattcattttctattccctaataaaagcctgattcatcttcattgcatatggtcgaacctaaggctatcatgtacagttagatcccaacccttcgttctatgagatgttgtcccatagaagaaatatcttctgagtatatcctagtactctaaaatgttcactaatatgttcaacttaattagttttgtaacctcctaaaatagttctattagttttgtaaccttctaaaatatgaattagttttgatctggctgatcttcctttggttaggtactacaaattcttaattcagacacatatttggttttctgaaaatttcatctatatttggtcaggctggcatttgaagttcttattttagtcatatactttagttttttacaattttcatttgttaaagatgataatttatttgttagcacagagcatgtttagaaatctgaaatattaaaacatgcatgttctcatgaaaataaatgttagttttgtttaaattccaatccacatattttttaatcaatgtcagaaattaccatgcttcacttattgacctagtatatgtatagtatttgatggatcatgttgatttggatttgctctactaacttgttcctattccaacaaagatttatatgcatcttgtgttctaaaaatgctacatgtgtcaagttgaaggaaaattctagctatgtggtgtcctaattttggtagatggtacctagtaatagataacaattctgttttatagtgatgagtaaatttgactaaatcgagtctagaaagtgatataattttctggagaagtctttcttggtgatttgggaaagggccattacctatactgatatgaaatctggaactagaaagatctgaacatcaatgttctaaagttttttgtctgaatttcttgtgcagaatatgaaggaaggtggatctggaataggtatttacatgtcctgttcagattcctgcaatctgataaactactgcaatccaataaactcttgatctattgttttctggatttttttttgggtgtagagtattaggaaggtatttgctttgttacaggggttggttggatgttcagaaaaccaaaatctgaatacactaacacattagccagtgttttattttagtttatgttattctgaccacaacaccagcagcttcaattggtagtagaacacactctgatgcaattggtaggtgtacaacagataatttgccgtgaatgctacttaattcaaccattttttttccatacagtgctatacaatggcacacaaacatccttcagttggactcaaatttgtttcagctttgctattttacagtcacctgcagttttttctaatccatcagtcgattttgttggcagtagattctgcttcaagatctgtgcacgcagtggaggcacatttggttacaggctgcttcaccagacccgttaacccatgggccatggatgctcccctagtagcatatgttgttttttccaccaactgcctcttgtaaatcaagatgctcccctctccacatttgctgcagacttcctccccgtggatctgagacgaactccggcgaccggcggcgtctacgagccagcgttcaccaatttctcaggtatatgagtcgtcatctatgtgcatctgctactttttttttttggctgattggacgggttgagaaggaggtgtttggggggaagagagcagaataatcccattgcgaaacaagcgaggaaggcttgtcgatggtggcggcggtggccttgattatcgaagatgcatgcgtgagggaaactgtgtgccagggaggcaagcttggtggcacacatcgagtggtatatcttcaggttactgctagatcgaagatcctttggtgcttgatgtgtgctgttggtttggtagttttggtggtactgtggcaagtgaagacacgaaagaggagctagtagaggcttagagtctggagtcgtaatcgatgtgcaagagcatcaatgccatcagttcctctgggcagcacggctctgcacttttcatctgagaaacatatatattttgttgattctgattttgacgaattatccaaacatgcagtttttttgggttccgcgtgcaaagacgattttgatctcctggcagatttaagggtggtgattttgtttttgttttgcatgtagatgatgcattttgtaaatcattttaggttgccccttttttttttgtttttgcgagttcttactgaatttggataagttctggttgattggatcgacattctgtacatttgcaaggggattctatgggtttttgcttattgctaatcaaattattttgtgagttttggtttattggatggtgagaaagcaagattacatggattttgcttcattgctgattttgtcgaaatttatcaggcatgcggtttttggtttcttgaatacgaactacacggacagtactcctatattcttggtgattttgaagtgtatttgttattttggggaggtggaatggttaatattttgttcaaggggacacttctacagatgtatacattacttttgtcattttcagcataacaaagagatttggtagattcagaattcagatggcaactacacgtcgaatgatgtatgcgaagacatggggaattctgatgctgattccactgaagaaagctaaacataattttaatttatttaccaactcatttttctgtcaacacatttgctagatagttgctacccgataaacgacatcttgaaatctgagttatacttcagtctattttttttcc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001057140.1 RefSeq:Os03g0597200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0597200

2014-05-22T07:48:29Z

Yilutongxing: /* Annotated Information */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
YSA is required for chloroplast development in early seedling leaves, and disruption of its function causes a seedling stage-specific albino phenotype, but the plant recovers and develops normal green leaves from the four-leaf stage onward.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage.
Functional studies of PPR proteins in higher plants remain very sparse. Accumulating data point to an involvement in posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Additional evidence for a role of PPR proteins in regulating organelle gene expression has also come from positional cloning of several cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restorer genes from petunia (Petunia hybrida; Bentolila et al., 2002) and radish (Raphanus sativus; Brown et al., 2003; Desloire et al., 2003; Koizuka et al., 2003). Genetic and biochemical data, and structural modeling of PPR tracts based on established tetratricopeptide repeat proteins together suggest that PPR proteins typically bind directly to specific organellar RNA sequences through a surface created by the stacked helical repeating units. However, still very little is known about the functions, substrates, and regulatory mechanisms for the vast majority of PPR proteins.The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the six-leaf stage. Further investigation showed that the change in leaf color in ysa mutant is associated with changes in chlorophyll content and chloroplast development.

===Expression===

Tissue localization
YSA is highly expressed in young leaves and stems, but not in the roots (Fig. 1, A–D). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of YSA peaked in the fourth leaf (Fig. 5E). Thus, the expression pattern of YSA is consistent with the seedling-stage-specific albino phenotype of ysa mutant and further supports the notion that YSA plays an important role in chloroplast development in the first few leaves of rice seedlings, but plays more minor roles in later stages.

[[File:picture1.jpg]]

Figure 1. Phenotypic analysis of the ysa mutant plants. A to C, Phenotypes of Pei'ai64S (left) and ysa mutant (right) seedlings at 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) weeks after sowing. D, The pigment contents in leaves of 1-week-old ysa mutants are much lower than that in Pei'ai64S. E, The pigment contents in leaves of 6-week-old ysa mutants are similar to that of Pei'ai64S plants. Chla, Chlorophyll a; Chlb, chlorophyll b; Chl, total chlorophyll; Car, carotenoid. Bars represent sds of three measurements. Student’s t test was performed on the raw data; asterisk indicates statistical significance at P < 0.01.

Subcellular Localization of YSA Protein

The YSA protein is predicted to localize to chloroplasts by ChloroP (Emanuelsson et al., 1999) and TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). To investigate the actual cellular localization of YSA, we constructed the green fluorescent signals of YSA-GFP fusion proteins colocalized with the autofluorescent signals of chlorophylls in the chloroplasts, consistent with the results obtained for GFP fused to the transit peptide of the small subunit of Arabidopsis ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Fig. 2, A and B). When GFP fused to the nuclear localization signal of the fibrillarin protein, GFP signals located specifically in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts (Fig. 2C). In addition, the protoplasts transformed with the empty GFP vector without a specific targeting sequence had green fluorescent signals in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (Fig.2, D and E). To further confirm the subcellular localization of YSA protein, we transformed the plasmid containing the YSA-GFP fusion constructs into rice protoplasts. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that GFP-YSA was exclusively detected in the chloroplasts (Fig. 2F). These findings suggest that YSA protein is localized to the chloroplast.

[[File:picture2.jpg]]

===Evolution===
pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein;
similar to pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein [Arabidopsis thaliana] (TAIR:AT5G65820.1);
similar to OJ991113_30.18 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:CAE02059.2);
similar to Os08g0525500 [Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)] (GB:NP_001062291.1);
contains InterPro domain Pentatricopeptide repeat; (InterPro:IPR002885);
contains InterPro domain Protein prenyltransferase; (InterPro:IPR008940);
contains InterPro domain Tetratricopeptide-like helical; (InterPro:IPR011990)

Homology with Arabidopsis Similar to At3g53700: MEE40 (maternal effect embryo arrest 40) (HF=7e-1)
You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
Please input cited references here.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0597200|
Description = Protein prenyltransferase domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001057140.1 GI:115454008 GeneID:4333379|
Length = 5627 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0597200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:22993430..22999056|
CDS = 22996530..22998758|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MPRVCAAPRAPPPPCPCHVGVGPLRPRWRASRHGPLRAAGQEQL LTALREQPDPDAALRMLNAALARDDFAPGPEVYEEIIRKLGAVGALDLMKVLVAEMRR EGHQVKLGVVHSFLDSYEGQQLFDDAVDLILNQLQPLFGIQADTVVYNHLLNVLVEGS KMKLLESVYSEMGARGIKPDVVTFNTLMKALCRAHQVRTAVLMLEEMSSRGVAPDETT FTTLMQGFVEEGSIEAALRVKARMLEMGCSATKVTVNVLINGYCKLGRVEDALGYIQQ EIADGFEPDQITYNTFVNGLCQNDHVGHALKVMDVMVQEGHDPDVFTYNIVVNCLCKN GQLEEAKGILNQMVDRGCLPDITTFNTLIAALCTGNRLEEALDLARQVTVKGVSPDVY TFNILINALCKVGDPHLALRLFEEMKNSGCTPDEVTYNTLIDNLCSLGKLGKALDLLK DMESTGCPRSTITYNTIIDGLCKKMRIEEAEEVFDQMDLQGISRNAITFNTLIDGLCK DKKIDDAFELINQMISEGLQPNNITYNSILTHYCKQGDIKKAADILETMTANGFEVDV VTYGTLINGLCKAGRTQVALKVLRGMRIKGMRPTPKAYNPVLQSLFRRNNIRDALSLF REMAEVGEPPDALTYKIVFRGLCRGGGPIKEAFDFMLEMVDKGFIPEFSSFRMLAEGL LNLGMDDYFIRAIEIIMEKVDLRESDVSAIRGYLKIRKFYDALATFGRFLEINNPQWS YR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>299..2527#ctcctgttcccctctgcctgccttcacggagaacacgccgccgcacgcccgcaaagttgtcgctccgccgccgggtcctgcggccacttcctccctctccctgtgcatgcgctctcttccccacctgtactttactttagctgctcctctgcccagttgcccacgacctgacgacccggacatggcgcaggctgaggcggggacgacgacatcgccggcgggttgacgcagaaaggagcgaccacccgagggctccgctggattttcaggtagctgagctgagctgaactgaaccccaatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatgaagcagaatacataactgggacaaattacttgaatagtattagggaaatctcaaagagtggatggaatttttgctggttgcttaggggaatgaaagtcttaaattgattataataggtgattgtgttcattcctcggtagggatgaagtcagagcatgaagaagctcatcttggtgcagaaacttagcttattggaacagaatctaggtgctaggtgctgtctgctgccagattagtacctagcgccttaacgaacagtggctgcagatcccatccgcttattttgatcaaatctgattcattttctattccctaataaaagcctgattcatcttcattgcatatggtcgaacctaaggctatcatgtacagttagatcccaacccttcgttctatgagatgttgtcccatagaagaaatatcttctgagtatatcctagtactctaaaatgttcactaatatgttcaacttaattagttttgtaacctcctaaaatagttctattagttttgtaaccttctaaaatatgaattagttttgatctggctgatcttcctttggttaggtactacaaattcttaattcagacacatatttggttttctgaaaatttcatctatatttggtcaggctggcatttgaagttcttattttagtcatatactttagttttttacaattttcatttgttaaagatgataatttatttgttagcacagagcatgtttagaaatctgaaatattaaaacatgcatgttctcatgaaaataaatgttagttttgtttaaattccaatccacatattttttaatcaatgtcagaaattaccatgcttcacttattgacctagtatatgtatagtatttgatggatcatgttgatttggatttgctctactaacttgttcctattccaacaaagatttatatgcatcttgtgttctaaaaatgctacatgtgtcaagttgaaggaaaattctagctatgtggtgtcctaattttggtagatggtacctagtaatagataacaattctgttttatagtgatgagtaaatttgactaaatcgagtctagaaagtgatataattttctggagaagtctttcttggtgatttgggaaagggccattacctatactgatatgaaatctggaactagaaagatctgaacatcaatgttctaaagttttttgtctgaatttcttgtgcagaatatgaaggaaggtggatctggaataggtatttacatgtcctgttcagattcctgcaatctgataaactactgcaatccaataaactcttgatctattgttttctggatttttttttgggtgtagagtattaggaaggtatttgctttgttacaggggttggttggatgttcagaaaaccaaaatctgaatacactaacacattagccagtgttttattttagtttatgttattctgaccacaacaccagcagcttcaattggtagtagaacacactctgatgcaattggtaggtgtacaacagataatttgccgtgaatgctacttaattcaaccattttttttccatacagtgctatacaatggcacacaaacatccttcagttggactcaaatttgtttcagctttgctattttacagtcacctgcagttttttctaatccatcagtcgattttgttggcagtagattctgcttcaagatctgtgcacgcagtggaggcacatttggttacaggctgcttcaccagacccgttaacccatgggccatggatgctcccctagtagcatatgttgttttttccaccaactgcctcttgtaaatcaagatgctcccctctccacatttgctgcagacttcctccccgtggatctgagacgaactccggcgaccggcggcgtctacgagccagcgttcaccaatttctcaggtatatgagtcgtcatctatgtgcatctgctactttttttttttggctgattggacgggttgagaaggaggtgtttggggggaagagagcagaataatcccattgcgaaacaagcgaggaaggcttgtcgatggtggcggcggtggccttgattatcgaagatgcatgcgtgagggaaactgtgtgccagggaggcaagcttggtggcacacatcgagtggtatatcttcaggttactgctagatcgaagatcctttggtgcttgatgtgtgctgttggtttggtagttttggtggtactgtggcaagtgaagacacgaaagaggagctagtagaggcttagagtctggagtcgtaatcgatgtgcaagagcatcaatgccatcagttcctctgggcagcacggctctgcacttttcatctgagaaacatatatattttgttgattctgattttgacgaattatccaaacatgcagtttttttgggttccgcgtgcaaagacgattttgatctcctggcagatttaagggtggtgattttgtttttgttttgcatgtagatgatgcattttgtaaatcattttaggttgccccttttttttttgtttttgcgagttcttactgaatttggataagttctggttgattggatcgacattctgtacatttgcaaggggattctatgggtttttgcttattgctaatcaaattattttgtgagttttggtttattggatggtgagaaagcaagattacatggattttgcttcattgctgattttgtcgaaatttatcaggcatgcggtttttggtttcttgaatacgaactacacggacagtactcctatattcttggtgattttgaagtgtatttgttattttggggaggtggaatggttaatattttgttcaaggggacacttctacagatgtatacattacttttgtcattttcagcataacaaagagatttggtagattcagaattcagatggcaactacacgtcgaatgatgtatgcgaagacatggggaattctgatgctgattccactgaagaaagctaaacataattttaatttatttaccaactcatttttctgtcaacacatttgctagatagttgctacccgataaacgacatcttgaaatctgagttatacttcagtctattttttttcc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001057140.1 RefSeq:Os03g0597200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0597200

2014-05-22T07:22:05Z

Yilutongxing: /* Expression */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===

===Expression===

'''Tissue localization'''
YSA is highly expressed in young leaves and stems, but not in the roots (Fig. 5, A–D). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of YSA peaked in the fourth leaf (Fig. 5E). Thus, the expression pattern of YSA is consistent with the seedling-stage-specific albino phenotype of ysa mutant and further supports the notion that YSA plays an important role in chloroplast development in the first few leaves of rice seedlings, but plays more minor roles in later stages.

[[File:picture1.jpg]]
Figure 1.
Phenotypic analysis of the ysa mutant plants. A to C, Phenotypes of Pei'ai64S (left) and ysa mutant (right) seedlings at 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) weeks after sowing. D, The pigment contents in leaves of 1-week-old ysa mutants are much lower than that in Pei'ai64S. E, The pigment contents in leaves of 6-week-old ysa mutants are similar to that of Pei'ai64S plants. Chla, Chlorophyll a; Chlb, chlorophyll b; Chl, total chlorophyll; Car, carotenoid. Bars represent sds of three measurements. Student’s t test was performed on the raw data; asterisk indicates statistical significance at P < 0.01.
'''Subcellular Localization of YSA Protein'''
The YSA protein is predicted to localize to chloroplasts by ChloroP (Emanuelsson et al., 1999) and TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). To investigate the actual cellular localization of YSA, we constructed the green fluorescent signals of YSA-GFP fusion proteins colocalized with the autofluorescent signals of chlorophylls in the chloroplasts, consistent with the results obtained for GFP fused to the transit peptide of the small subunit of Arabidopsis ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Fig. 7, A and B). When GFP fused to the nuclear localization signal of the fibrillarin protein, GFP signals located specifically in the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplasts (Fig. 7C). In addition, the protoplasts transformed with the empty GFP vector without a specific targeting sequence had green fluorescent signals in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (Fig. 7, D and E). To further confirm the subcellular localization of YSA protein, we transformed the plasmid containing the YSA-GFP fusion constructs into rice protoplasts. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that GFP-YSA was exclusively detected in the chloroplasts (Fig. 7F). These findings suggest that YSA protein is localized to the chloroplast.
[[File:picture2.jpg]]

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
Please input cited references here.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0597200|
Description = Protein prenyltransferase domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001057140.1 GI:115454008 GeneID:4333379|
Length = 5627 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0597200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:22993430..22999056|
CDS = 22996530..22998758|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MPRVCAAPRAPPPPCPCHVGVGPLRPRWRASRHGPLRAAGQEQL LTALREQPDPDAALRMLNAALARDDFAPGPEVYEEIIRKLGAVGALDLMKVLVAEMRR EGHQVKLGVVHSFLDSYEGQQLFDDAVDLILNQLQPLFGIQADTVVYNHLLNVLVEGS KMKLLESVYSEMGARGIKPDVVTFNTLMKALCRAHQVRTAVLMLEEMSSRGVAPDETT FTTLMQGFVEEGSIEAALRVKARMLEMGCSATKVTVNVLINGYCKLGRVEDALGYIQQ EIADGFEPDQITYNTFVNGLCQNDHVGHALKVMDVMVQEGHDPDVFTYNIVVNCLCKN GQLEEAKGILNQMVDRGCLPDITTFNTLIAALCTGNRLEEALDLARQVTVKGVSPDVY TFNILINALCKVGDPHLALRLFEEMKNSGCTPDEVTYNTLIDNLCSLGKLGKALDLLK DMESTGCPRSTITYNTIIDGLCKKMRIEEAEEVFDQMDLQGISRNAITFNTLIDGLCK DKKIDDAFELINQMISEGLQPNNITYNSILTHYCKQGDIKKAADILETMTANGFEVDV VTYGTLINGLCKAGRTQVALKVLRGMRIKGMRPTPKAYNPVLQSLFRRNNIRDALSLF REMAEVGEPPDALTYKIVFRGLCRGGGPIKEAFDFMLEMVDKGFIPEFSSFRMLAEGL LNLGMDDYFIRAIEIIMEKVDLRESDVSAIRGYLKIRKFYDALATFGRFLEINNPQWS YR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>299..2527#ctcctgttcccctctgcctgccttcacggagaacacgccgccgcacgcccgcaaagttgtcgctccgccgccgggtcctgcggccacttcctccctctccctgtgcatgcgctctcttccccacctgtactttactttagctgctcctctgcccagttgcccacgacctgacgacccggacatggcgcaggctgaggcggggacgacgacatcgccggcgggttgacgcagaaaggagcgaccacccgagggctccgctggattttcaggtagctgagctgagctgaactgaaccccaatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatgaagcagaatacataactgggacaaattacttgaatagtattagggaaatctcaaagagtggatggaatttttgctggttgcttaggggaatgaaagtcttaaattgattataataggtgattgtgttcattcctcggtagggatgaagtcagagcatgaagaagctcatcttggtgcagaaacttagcttattggaacagaatctaggtgctaggtgctgtctgctgccagattagtacctagcgccttaacgaacagtggctgcagatcccatccgcttattttgatcaaatctgattcattttctattccctaataaaagcctgattcatcttcattgcatatggtcgaacctaaggctatcatgtacagttagatcccaacccttcgttctatgagatgttgtcccatagaagaaatatcttctgagtatatcctagtactctaaaatgttcactaatatgttcaacttaattagttttgtaacctcctaaaatagttctattagttttgtaaccttctaaaatatgaattagttttgatctggctgatcttcctttggttaggtactacaaattcttaattcagacacatatttggttttctgaaaatttcatctatatttggtcaggctggcatttgaagttcttattttagtcatatactttagttttttacaattttcatttgttaaagatgataatttatttgttagcacagagcatgtttagaaatctgaaatattaaaacatgcatgttctcatgaaaataaatgttagttttgtttaaattccaatccacatattttttaatcaatgtcagaaattaccatgcttcacttattgacctagtatatgtatagtatttgatggatcatgttgatttggatttgctctactaacttgttcctattccaacaaagatttatatgcatcttgtgttctaaaaatgctacatgtgtcaagttgaaggaaaattctagctatgtggtgtcctaattttggtagatggtacctagtaatagataacaattctgttttatagtgatgagtaaatttgactaaatcgagtctagaaagtgatataattttctggagaagtctttcttggtgatttgggaaagggccattacctatactgatatgaaatctggaactagaaagatctgaacatcaatgttctaaagttttttgtctgaatttcttgtgcagaatatgaaggaaggtggatctggaataggtatttacatgtcctgttcagattcctgcaatctgataaactactgcaatccaataaactcttgatctattgttttctggatttttttttgggtgtagagtattaggaaggtatttgctttgttacaggggttggttggatgttcagaaaaccaaaatctgaatacactaacacattagccagtgttttattttagtttatgttattctgaccacaacaccagcagcttcaattggtagtagaacacactctgatgcaattggtaggtgtacaacagataatttgccgtgaatgctacttaattcaaccattttttttccatacagtgctatacaatggcacacaaacatccttcagttggactcaaatttgtttcagctttgctattttacagtcacctgcagttttttctaatccatcagtcgattttgttggcagtagattctgcttcaagatctgtgcacgcagtggaggcacatttggttacaggctgcttcaccagacccgttaacccatgggccatggatgctcccctagtagcatatgttgttttttccaccaactgcctcttgtaaatcaagatgctcccctctccacatttgctgcagacttcctccccgtggatctgagacgaactccggcgaccggcggcgtctacgagccagcgttcaccaatttctcaggtatatgagtcgtcatctatgtgcatctgctactttttttttttggctgattggacgggttgagaaggaggtgtttggggggaagagagcagaataatcccattgcgaaacaagcgaggaaggcttgtcgatggtggcggcggtggccttgattatcgaagatgcatgcgtgagggaaactgtgtgccagggaggcaagcttggtggcacacatcgagtggtatatcttcaggttactgctagatcgaagatcctttggtgcttgatgtgtgctgttggtttggtagttttggtggtactgtggcaagtgaagacacgaaagaggagctagtagaggcttagagtctggagtcgtaatcgatgtgcaagagcatcaatgccatcagttcctctgggcagcacggctctgcacttttcatctgagaaacatatatattttgttgattctgattttgacgaattatccaaacatgcagtttttttgggttccgcgtgcaaagacgattttgatctcctggcagatttaagggtggtgattttgtttttgttttgcatgtagatgatgcattttgtaaatcattttaggttgccccttttttttttgtttttgcgagttcttactgaatttggataagttctggttgattggatcgacattctgtacatttgcaaggggattctatgggtttttgcttattgctaatcaaattattttgtgagttttggtttattggatggtgagaaagcaagattacatggattttgcttcattgctgattttgtcgaaatttatcaggcatgcggtttttggtttcttgaatacgaactacacggacagtactcctatattcttggtgattttgaagtgtatttgttattttggggaggtggaatggttaatattttgttcaaggggacacttctacagatgtatacattacttttgtcattttcagcataacaaagagatttggtagattcagaattcagatggcaactacacgtcgaatgatgtatgcgaagacatggggaattctgatgctgattccactgaagaaagctaaacataattttaatttatttaccaactcatttttctgtcaacacatttgctagatagttgctacccgataaacgacatcttgaaatctgagttatacttcagtctattttttttcc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001057140.1 RefSeq:Os03g0597200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

File:Picture2.jpg

2014-05-22T07:19:48Z

Yilutongxing:

File:Picture1.jpg

2014-05-22T07:19:31Z

Yilutongxing:

Os03g0597200

2014-05-22T05:31:34Z

Yilutongxing: /* Annotated Information */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===

===Expression===
Please input expression information here.

===Evolution===
Please input evolution information here.

You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

==Labs working on this gene==
Please input related labs here.

==References==
Please input cited references here.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0597200|
Description = Protein prenyltransferase domain containing protein|
Version = NM_001057140.1 GI:115454008 GeneID:4333379|
Length = 5627 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0597200, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:22993430..22999056|
CDS = 22996530..22998758|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:22993430..22999056
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MPRVCAAPRAPPPPCPCHVGVGPLRPRWRASRHGPLRAAGQEQL LTALREQPDPDAALRMLNAALARDDFAPGPEVYEEIIRKLGAVGALDLMKVLVAEMRR EGHQVKLGVVHSFLDSYEGQQLFDDAVDLILNQLQPLFGIQADTVVYNHLLNVLVEGS KMKLLESVYSEMGARGIKPDVVTFNTLMKALCRAHQVRTAVLMLEEMSSRGVAPDETT FTTLMQGFVEEGSIEAALRVKARMLEMGCSATKVTVNVLINGYCKLGRVEDALGYIQQ EIADGFEPDQITYNTFVNGLCQNDHVGHALKVMDVMVQEGHDPDVFTYNIVVNCLCKN GQLEEAKGILNQMVDRGCLPDITTFNTLIAALCTGNRLEEALDLARQVTVKGVSPDVY TFNILINALCKVGDPHLALRLFEEMKNSGCTPDEVTYNTLIDNLCSLGKLGKALDLLK DMESTGCPRSTITYNTIIDGLCKKMRIEEAEEVFDQMDLQGISRNAITFNTLIDGLCK DKKIDDAFELINQMISEGLQPNNITYNSILTHYCKQGDIKKAADILETMTANGFEVDV VTYGTLINGLCKAGRTQVALKVLRGMRIKGMRPTPKAYNPVLQSLFRRNNIRDALSLF REMAEVGEPPDALTYKIVFRGLCRGGGPIKEAFDFMLEMVDKGFIPEFSSFRMLAEGL LNLGMDDYFIRAIEIIMEKVDLRESDVSAIRGYLKIRKFYDALATFGRFLEINNPQWS YR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>299..2527#ctcctgttcccctctgcctgccttcacggagaacacgccgccgcacgcccgcaaagttgtcgctccgccgccgggtcctgcggccacttcctccctctccctgtgcatgcgctctcttccccacctgtactttactttagctgctcctctgcccagttgcccacgacctgacgacccggacatggcgcaggctgaggcggggacgacgacatcgccggcgggttgacgcagaaaggagcgaccacccgagggctccgctggattttcaggtagctgagctgagctgaactgaaccccaatgccccgcgtttgcgccgcccctcgggcgccgccgccgccgtgcccgtgccatgtcggagtagggccgcttcggccgaggtggcgcgcctcccggcacggccctctccgggcggctggccaggagcagctcctcaccgccctgcgcgagcagccggaccccgacgcggcgctccggatgctcaacgcggcgctggcgcgggacgacttcgcgcccggccccgaggtctacgaggagatcatccgcaagctcggcgcggtcggggccctcgacctcatgaaggtgctcgtcgcggagatgcggcgggaggggcaccaggtgaaattgggcgtagtccactccttcttggacagctacgaggggcagcagctgttcgacgatgccgtcgacctgattctgaatcaactccaaccattgtttggcattcaggcagacaccgtggtgtacaatcaccttctcaatgttcttgtggaggggagcaaaatgaaactccttgaatcagtgtactcggagatgggtgctaggggaatcaagcctgatgttgtcacattcaacacactgatgaaggcgttgtgccgagcacatcaggtcaggactgcagttctcatgctcgaggaaatgtctagcagaggcgtggcgcctgacgagacgacgtttaccaccctgatgcaaggatttgtcgaggaggggagcatcgaggctgcactgagggtcaaagccaggatgttggaaatggggtgctcggcgacgaaggtgacggttaatgttttgattaatgggtactgcaagctagggagggtggaggatgctcttgggtatatacagcaggagattgccgatgggtttgagcctgaccagatcacatataacacttttgttaatggtctctgccaaaatgatcatgtcggccatgccctcaaagtcatggatgtgatggttcaggagggccatgatcctgatgttttcacctacaatatcgttgtgaattgcctttgtaaaaatggacagcttgaagaggcaaaaggaattctgaatcagatggtggatcggggttgtttgcctgacattaccacattcaacactctcattgctgccttatgcacggggaatcgacttgaggaagccttggaccttgcacgtcaggttacagtgaagggagtctctccagatgtttatactttcaatattctgattaacgcgctctgcaaagtaggcgatcctcatcttgcacttcgattgtttgaagagatgaagaacagtggatgcaccccggatgaagtaacatacaatactttgattgacaatctttgctcacttgggaagcttggtaaagcattggatttgttaaaagatatggagtccactggttgtcctcgaagtacaattacatataacactataattgacgggttatgcaagaaaatgagaatagaagaagcagaagaagtttttgatcaaatggatctgcaaggcatttcgaggaatgcaatcacattcaatactctcatcgatggtttgtgcaaggacaaaaagattgatgatgcttttgagcttattaatcaaatgataagtgaagggttgcaacctaacaatatcacttacaattctattctaactcattattgcaagcaaggtgacataaaaaaggctgcggatattttagaaactatgactgcaaatggatttgaagtggatgttgttacgtacggtactctgattaacggtctatgcaaggctggtaggacacaggttgctttgaaggtactcagaggtatgcggataaaagggatgaggcctactccaaaagcttacaatcctgtgctccagtctctcttcagacggaataatatcagagatgccctgagtcttttcagggagatggcagaggttggtgagcctcctgatgctttgacatataagattgtttttcgtgggctctgtcgtggtggagggcctattaaagaagcttttgatttcatgttggagatggttgataaggggttcataccagagttctcatccttccgtatgctagctgaaggtctattaaacctgggtatggatgattacttcattagagccattgaaataatcatggaaaaggtcgacctcagagagtctgatgtttctgcaataaggggatatctcaagatccgcaaattttatgatgcattagcaacctttggccgtttcctggagatcaacaaccctcaatggagttaccgatgaagcagaatacataactgggacaaattacttgaatagtattagggaaatctcaaagagtggatggaatttttgctggttgcttaggggaatgaaagtcttaaattgattataataggtgattgtgttcattcctcggtagggatgaagtcagagcatgaagaagctcatcttggtgcagaaacttagcttattggaacagaatctaggtgctaggtgctgtctgctgccagattagtacctagcgccttaacgaacagtggctgcagatcccatccgcttattttgatcaaatctgattcattttctattccctaataaaagcctgattcatcttcattgcatatggtcgaacctaaggctatcatgtacagttagatcccaacccttcgttctatgagatgttgtcccatagaagaaatatcttctgagtatatcctagtactctaaaatgttcactaatatgttcaacttaattagttttgtaacctcctaaaatagttctattagttttgtaaccttctaaaatatgaattagttttgatctggctgatcttcctttggttaggtactacaaattcttaattcagacacatatttggttttctgaaaatttcatctatatttggtcaggctggcatttgaagttcttattttagtcatatactttagttttttacaattttcatttgttaaagatgataatttatttgttagcacagagcatgtttagaaatctgaaatattaaaacatgcatgttctcatgaaaataaatgttagttttgtttaaattccaatccacatattttttaatcaatgtcagaaattaccatgcttcacttattgacctagtatatgtatagtatttgatggatcatgttgatttggatttgctctactaacttgttcctattccaacaaagatttatatgcatcttgtgttctaaaaatgctacatgtgtcaagttgaaggaaaattctagctatgtggtgtcctaattttggtagatggtacctagtaatagataacaattctgttttatagtgatgagtaaatttgactaaatcgagtctagaaagtgatataattttctggagaagtctttcttggtgatttgggaaagggccattacctatactgatatgaaatctggaactagaaagatctgaacatcaatgttctaaagttttttgtctgaatttcttgtgcagaatatgaaggaaggtggatctggaataggtatttacatgtcctgttcagattcctgcaatctgataaactactgcaatccaataaactcttgatctattgttttctggatttttttttgggtgtagagtattaggaaggtatttgctttgttacaggggttggttggatgttcagaaaaccaaaatctgaatacactaacacattagccagtgttttattttagtttatgttattctgaccacaacaccagcagcttcaattggtagtagaacacactctgatgcaattggtaggtgtacaacagataatttgccgtgaatgctacttaattcaaccattttttttccatacagtgctatacaatggcacacaaacatccttcagttggactcaaatttgtttcagctttgctattttacagtcacctgcagttttttctaatccatcagtcgattttgttggcagtagattctgcttcaagatctgtgcacgcagtggaggcacatttggttacaggctgcttcaccagacccgttaacccatgggccatggatgctcccctagtagcatatgttgttttttccaccaactgcctcttgtaaatcaagatgctcccctctccacatttgctgcagacttcctccccgtggatctgagacgaactccggcgaccggcggcgtctacgagccagcgttcaccaatttctcaggtatatgagtcgtcatctatgtgcatctgctactttttttttttggctgattggacgggttgagaaggaggtgtttggggggaagagagcagaataatcccattgcgaaacaagcgaggaaggcttgtcgatggtggcggcggtggccttgattatcgaagatgcatgcgtgagggaaactgtgtgccagggaggcaagcttggtggcacacatcgagtggtatatcttcaggttactgctagatcgaagatcctttggtgcttgatgtgtgctgttggtttggtagttttggtggtactgtggcaagtgaagacacgaaagaggagctagtagaggcttagagtctggagtcgtaatcgatgtgcaagagcatcaatgccatcagttcctctgggcagcacggctctgcacttttcatctgagaaacatatatattttgttgattctgattttgacgaattatccaaacatgcagtttttttgggttccgcgtgcaaagacgattttgatctcctggcagatttaagggtggtgattttgtttttgttttgcatgtagatgatgcattttgtaaatcattttaggttgccccttttttttttgtttttgcgagttcttactgaatttggataagttctggttgattggatcgacattctgtacatttgcaaggggattctatgggtttttgcttattgctaatcaaattattttgtgagttttggtttattggatggtgagaaagcaagattacatggattttgcttcattgctgattttgtcgaaatttatcaggcatgcggtttttggtttcttgaatacgaactacacggacagtactcctatattcttggtgattttgaagtgtatttgttattttggggaggtggaatggttaatattttgttcaaggggacacttctacagatgtatacattacttttgtcattttcagcataacaaagagatttggtagattcagaattcagatggcaactacacgtcgaatgatgtatgcgaagacatggggaattctgatgctgattccactgaagaaagctaaacataattttaatttatttaccaactcatttttctgtcaacacatttgctagatagttgctacccgataaacgacatcttgaaatctgagttatacttcagtctattttttttcc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001057140.1 RefSeq:Os03g0597200]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]