File:Figure5-1y.png

2014-06-10T01:43:12Z

Yueliya:

File:Figure5-1.png

2014-06-10T01:41:34Z

Yueliya: uploaded a new version of "File:Figure5-1.png"

Os10g0496900

2014-06-10T01:38:06Z

Yueliya: /* Expression */

The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
OsPORB is essential for maintaining light-dependent Chl synthesis throughout leaf development, especially under HL conditions. The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions. NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) catalyzes photoreduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide in chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis, and is required for prolamellar body (PLB) formation in etioplasts.

Rice ''faded green leaf (fgl)'' mutants develop yellow/white leaf variegation and necrotic lesions during leaf elongation in field-grown plants. Map-based cloning revealed that FGL encodes OsPORB, one of two rice POR isoforms. In ''fgl'', etiolated seedlings contained smaller PLBs in etioplasts, and lower levels of total and photoactive Pchlide. Under constant or high light (HL) conditions, newly emerging green leaves rapidly turned yellow and formed lesions. Increased levels of non-photoactive Pchlide, which acts as a photosensitizer, may cause reactive oxygen accumulation and lesion formation.

''fgl'' harbors a 1-bp deletion in the coding region of ''OsPORB'', resulting in a frameshift mutation and premature translational termination. Based on the expression analysis of two ''OsPOR'' genes and phenotypic characterization of the ''fgl'' mutant, Yasuhito Sakurabaet al[1] proposed that OsPORB plays important roles in maintaining a threshold Chl level throughout leaf development, especially under HL field conditions.

===Expression===
OsPORB expression is regulated in a circadian rhythm in short-day conditions. OsPORA was expressed at high levels in developing leaves and decreased dramatically in fully mature leaves, whereas OsPORB expression was relatively constant throughout leaf development. However, OsPORB expression is rapidly upregulated by HL treatment.

'''OsPORB is not required for light-dependent Chl synthesis during greening of etiolated plants'''[[File:figure 5.png|200px|left|thumb|Figure 1. Abundance of OsPOR transcripts and OsPOR proteins during the greening of etiolated seedlings.]]

First, Sakuraba et al examined the effect of light on OsPOR expression during greening. When 6–day-old etiolated wild-type seedlings were exposed to light for 24 h, OsPORA expression was rapidly downregulated after illumination, whereas ''OsPORB'' expression decreased only slightly (Figure 1a). Consistent with its mRNA levels, OsPORA protein levels were severely reduced after 6 h of light treatment, and were maintained at low levels until 12 h in both wild-type and fgl seedlings (Figure 1b). OsPORB remained relatively constant in the wild type, but OsPORB did not accumulate in fgl because of the frameshift mutation in ''OsPORB''.
Next, to examine whether OsPORA contributes to light-dependent Chl synthesis during leaf greening, Sakuraba et al compared the greening speed of wild-type and fgl seedlings. The visible speed of greening (Figure 1c) and the rates of Chl synthesis (Figure 1d) were not significantly altered in fgl, indicating that low levels of OsPORA are sufficient for leaf greening in rice, even in the absence of OsPORB activity in fgl mutants.

'''Enhanced ''OsPORB'' activity is essential for Chl synthesis under HL.'''[[File:figure 7 yue.png|Figure 3. Effect of high light(HL) on Chl synthesis and ''OsPOR'' expression.]]

In Arabidopsis, ''AtPORC'' expression increases under HL conditions, whereas both ''AtPORA'' and ''AtPORB'' are downregulated (Masuda et al., 2003), indicating that ''AtPORC'' is responsible for Chl synthesis under HL conditions. Thus, Sakuraba et al examined whether ''OsPORB'' has a similar function to ''AtPORC'' for Chl synthesis in response to HL.

The 14–day-old wild-type and fgl seedlings grown under mild light intensity (200 μmol m−2 s−1) were transferred to HL (1500 μmol m−2 s−1) for 3 days in SD conditions (Figure 7). Compared with the wild type, fgl exhibited a severely photobleached phenotype (Figure 7a,b), possibly as a result of photooxidative damage. In the wild type, ''OsPORA'' mRNA levels were lower after 3 h of HL treatment (Figure 7c), whereas ''OsPORB'' mRNA levels drastically increased (Figure 7d), indicating that the rice plant requires increased expression of ''OsPORB'' in response to HL conditions. The levels of OsPORA and OsPORB were consistent with their mRNA levels (Figure 7e), indicating that rice POR activity is regulated at the transcriptional level.

These results strongly suggest that OsPORB activity is necessary for Chl synthesis under HL conditions in the paddy field, reminiscent of AtPORC function in Arabidopsis (Masuda et al., 2003).

===Evolution===

[[File:figure S7 yue.jpg|500px|Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of PORs in Arabidopsis, rice and barley.]]

==Labs working on this gene==
Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea

==References==
1.'''Yasuhito Sakuraba;Md Lutfor Rahman;Sung-Hwan Cho;Ye-Sol Kim;Hee-Jong Koh;Soo-Cheul Yoo;Nam-Chon Paek'''
The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions
The Plant Journal, 2013, 74(1): 122-133
2.'''Qiaosong Yang;Han He;Heying Li;Hua Tian;Jianjun Zhang;Liguang Zhai;Jiandong Chen;Hong Wu;Ganjun Yi;Zheng-Hui He;Xinxiang Peng'''
NOA1 Functions in a Temperature-Dependent Manner to Regulate Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Rubisco Formation in Rice
PLoS ONE, 2011, 6(5): e20015

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0496900|
Description = Similar to NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase porB (Fragment)|
Version = NM_001071490.1 GI:115482723 GeneID:4349004|
Length = 3713 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0496900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:19357502..19361214|
CDS = 19359252..19359591,19360224..19360750|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:19357502..19361214
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:19357502..19361214
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggggtgccgcgacttcctcaaggcgtcgcgcgccgccaaggccgccggcatggagaagggcagctacaccatcgtccacctcgacctggcgtcgctcgacagcgtcaggcagttcgtcgccaacgtccggcggctggagatgcccgtcgacgtggtggtgtgcaacgccgccgtgtaccagcccaccgccaagcagccgagcttcaccgccgacggcttcgagatgagcgtcggcgtcaaccacctcgggcacttcctcctcgcccgcgagctcctcgccgacctcacctcctccgactacccctccaagcgcctcatcatcgtcggctccatcaccgggaacacgaacacgctggcggggaacgtgccgccgaaggcgaacctgggggacctccgggggctcgcctcgggcctcgacggcgtgtcgagctccgccatgatcgacggcggcgagttcgacggcgccaaggcctacaaggacagcaaggtgtgcaacatgctgacgatgcaggagttccaccgccggtaccacggcgagaccggggtgacgttcgcgtcgctctaccccgggtgcatcgccaccacgggcctcttccgggagcacgtcccgctgttccgcctcctcttcccgcccttccagaagtacatcaccaagggctacgtctccgaggaggaggccggcaagcggctggcccaggtcgtcagtgaccccagcctcaccaagtccggggtgtactggagctggaacaacaactcggcctcgttcgagaaccagctctccgaggaggcctccgatccggagaaggccaagaaggtctgggagctcagcgagaagctcgtcggcttggccgatcacgatcagtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MGCRDFLKASRAAKAAGMEKGSYTIVHLDLASLDSVRQFVANVR RLEMPVDVVVCNAAVYQPTAKQPSFTADGFEMSVGVNHLGHFLLARELLADLTSSDYP SKRLIIVGSITGNTNTLAGNVPPKANLGDLRGLASGLDGVSSSAMIDGGEFDGAKAYK DSKVCNMLTMQEFHRRYHGETGVTFASLYPGCIATTGLFREHVPLFRLLFPPFQKYIT KGYVSEEEAGKRLAQVVSDPSLTKSGVYWSWNNNSASFENQLSEEASDPEKAKKVWEL SEKLVGLADHDQ</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>1751..2090#2723..3249#agcttagaaccccaaccccccaaagcctcactcacttcgctgcagaggaaaaaaaagagagaaaaatctccgatggctctccaggcggccaccaccacctccttcctcccctccgcgctctccgcccgcaaggaggtgagagctctaagctcggggattcagccatggaggcatttcagagttcagactagttcagagttttgcttcgtgttcatggcggcgattggttaaatggttttttttttgtttttgggttggtttttgggggtgtagggagcggtgaaggactcggcgttcttgggcgttcgtctcggcgacgggctcaagctggagaccagtgctctcggccttcgcaccaaggtagtaactgtaataatgttgttacagcactctgcttgctctgtgctgatgctctgtttgttagtgctaatattagtacttactactaactggcgagtagtacaagtaattggctagttcgttcagtgaattgccaggttttcgtttctagacttcacgattattagtttcagactttcagttatgttggaggagcttaccactgtggctctgtggtttgctctgtcagattaggagcacccgtggcgttgcaaatggttatgcctgtgtttggcattaatcaactggctaatgagattatatcatgatgattctctcatcgttttagctatgacaatgtcaggggcttgttttgttttcacaggtgtgcagctttgctaattgctagtaacatcagtgtgtgccgccattgttagtgcaaccaagtagcctttgtgtctggttaatttgcaacttcaggttgacatttggacttgctgagtgagtgtatctagcattgcaaactgatgtgaattttgacgaacttttagtgcaagattgcaaggtttgcttgatgtacttagaaatggtagttgctcacaactctgacagcgccacaaaaattgtattatacttgattagcctggcattttgacttcctattgatctggattttatgtcagtgttagtttgagtatatatagcattgcaaagtgatgcgaatttgggtaacttttagtgcaagattgcaaggtttacttgctgtacttagaaatagttgctcaaaactctgacatcgccacacccccaaaaaattgtactactacttaattagctttggcatttcaagttcatattgatgtggatcgatttcataaacttgattttactgcaagactgtcaagtttgctccctgtaatttcataaacttggttccgcatgtaaactagacgaatttattaagcctaattaatccatcattagtaaatatttattgtagcatcacattattaaatcatagcataattagattcaaaagatttgtctcacaatttacatataaactgtgcaattatttttttccccacatttaatattcttgcatgttcaaacatttgatgtgatgtttttggccaaaaaattttttatataaaaacaaaggcctagtttgttcatatatcttgacattgttgccacgaaaactgaaactctcctgcagagggtgagcacgtcgtcggtggccatccgcgcgcaggcgtcggcggcggtgtcgtccccgacggtgacgccggcgtcgccgtcgggcaagcagacgctgcgcaagggcacggcggtcatcaccggcgcgtcgtccgggcttggcctcgcgacggcgaaggcgctggcggagacgggcaggtggcacgtcgtcatggggtgccgcgacttcctcaaggcgtcgcgcgccgccaaggccgccggcatggagaagggcagctacaccatcgtccacctcgacctggcgtcgctcgacagcgtcaggcagttcgtcgccaacgtccggcggctggagatgcccgtcgacgtggtggtgtgcaacgccgccgtgtaccagcccaccgccaagcagccgagcttcaccgccgacggcttcgagatgagcgtcggcgtcaaccacctcgggcacttcctcctcgcccgcgagctcctcgccgacctcacctcctccgactacccctccaagcgcctcatcatcgtcggctccatcaccggtaatgacaacctttcttcctcaccagaattaggctgttgtgttctaatgtcaaagcttccaacttctactattttgtagttctccacgtacacaattactacaattactgaactgctaaaaattgcatgttttataaaaaaaattataggaagttgttgtgattaatccaatttttaagtttttctttttcatcgggaagattgaaagagaccttctgaatgtattaagaatgagaaaaagttacaagaaaaacataataggaagttgtcgaggatgatgcgcaccagcgtgtgcgttcaagaaccacgagctaaccacacaagcacaaacctctaaaagtgaaaacttcttcttagataatacttaattaatggattatttttctgtgcatggagggcacaaccttatactgctttctaaaatgggtatgataattatttgatagtataaacgaatgaatcaagtattacaaagtcgataagctgatttttttttaaaaaaaaactttataagtgcagttgtaacttttttttaaaaaaaatatcatatcatttgaaagcatatcggcaacattctattgtaacatgttactataagaacatcgttctaatttcgatacgatgaatgcagggaacacgaacacgctggcggggaacgtgccgccgaaggcgaacctgggggacctccgggggctcgcctcgggcctcgacggcgtgtcgagctccgccatgatcgacggcggcgagttcgacggcgccaaggcctacaaggacagcaaggtgtgcaacatgctgacgatgcaggagttccaccgccggtaccacggcgagaccggggtgacgttcgcgtcgctctaccccgggtgcatcgccaccacgggcctcttccgggagcacgtcccgctgttccgcctcctcttcccgcccttccagaagtacatcaccaagggctacgtctccgaggaggaggccggcaagcggctggcccaggtcgtcagtgaccccagcctcaccaagtccggggtgtactggagctggaacaacaactcggcctcgttcgagaaccagctctccgaggaggcctccgatccggagaaggccaagaaggtctgggagctcagcgagaagctcgtcggcttggccgatcacgatcagtgagtgagagtgatgtgctattgattttcgtctaggattttgctgtgctcttcttcttcttctcctctctaccaagaaagatcgatggaggagaatttgtaggacgcgtttctcacgaattacttagctgttaatgatcagcttgatgtgtacgatatgatggtgcagagtgaaagttgtgttgttcactggtggatcatgggatgggaatatgggattgttgtaagatgtaactcaagtgttttcttttttgggattacttttggtaataagagcttgggtgatcgaaaactacagatggtttttcttttaagttgtatgatctctgtagagtttttgagtaatttgtagttttgtaccctatcaaagatcatctctagctgcctctgagctctccaactctatatgtccatctctagtatatatgtcccatatttctgactgaaaattttcaagtcggttggttc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071490.1 RefSeq:Os10g0496900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

File:Figure 7 yue.png

2014-06-10T01:33:18Z

Yueliya:

Os10g0496900

2014-06-10T01:31:13Z

Yueliya: /* Evolution */

The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
OsPORB is essential for maintaining light-dependent Chl synthesis throughout leaf development, especially under HL conditions. The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions. NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) catalyzes photoreduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide in chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis, and is required for prolamellar body (PLB) formation in etioplasts.

Rice ''faded green leaf (fgl)'' mutants develop yellow/white leaf variegation and necrotic lesions during leaf elongation in field-grown plants. Map-based cloning revealed that FGL encodes OsPORB, one of two rice POR isoforms. In ''fgl'', etiolated seedlings contained smaller PLBs in etioplasts, and lower levels of total and photoactive Pchlide. Under constant or high light (HL) conditions, newly emerging green leaves rapidly turned yellow and formed lesions. Increased levels of non-photoactive Pchlide, which acts as a photosensitizer, may cause reactive oxygen accumulation and lesion formation.

''fgl'' harbors a 1-bp deletion in the coding region of ''OsPORB'', resulting in a frameshift mutation and premature translational termination. Based on the expression analysis of two ''OsPOR'' genes and phenotypic characterization of the ''fgl'' mutant, Yasuhito Sakurabaet al[1] proposed that OsPORB plays important roles in maintaining a threshold Chl level throughout leaf development, especially under HL field conditions.

===Expression===
OsPORB expression is regulated in a circadian rhythm in short-day conditions. OsPORA was expressed at high levels in developing leaves and decreased dramatically in fully mature leaves, whereas OsPORB expression was relatively constant throughout leaf development. However, OsPORB expression is rapidly upregulated by HL treatment.

'''OsPORB is not required for light-dependent Chl synthesis during greening of etiolated plants'''[[File:figure 5.png|200px|left|thumb|Figure 1. Abundance of OsPOR transcripts and OsPOR proteins during the greening of etiolated seedlings.]]

First, Sakuraba et al examined the effect of light on OsPOR expression during greening. When 6–day-old etiolated wild-type seedlings were exposed to light for 24 h, OsPORA expression was rapidly downregulated after illumination, whereas ''OsPORB'' expression decreased only slightly (Figure 1a). Consistent with its mRNA levels, OsPORA protein levels were severely reduced after 6 h of light treatment, and were maintained at low levels until 12 h in both wild-type and fgl seedlings (Figure 1b). OsPORB remained relatively constant in the wild type, but OsPORB did not accumulate in fgl because of the frameshift mutation in ''OsPORB''.
Next, to examine whether OsPORA contributes to light-dependent Chl synthesis during leaf greening, Sakuraba et al compared the greening speed of wild-type and fgl seedlings. The visible speed of greening (Figure 1c) and the rates of Chl synthesis (Figure 1d) were not significantly altered in fgl, indicating that low levels of OsPORA are sufficient for leaf greening in rice, even in the absence of OsPORB activity in fgl mutants.

'''Enhanced ''OsPORB'' activity is essential for Chl synthesis under HL.'''

In Arabidopsis, AtPORC expression increases under HL conditions, whereas both AtPORA and AtPORB are downregulated (Masuda et al., 2003), indicating that AtPORC is responsible for Chl synthesis under HL conditions. Thus, Sakuraba et al examined whether OsPORB has a similar function to AtPORC for Chl synthesis in response to HL.

The 14–day-old wild-type and fgl seedlings grown under mild light intensity (200 μmol m−2 s−1) were transferred to HL (1500 μmol m−2 s−1) for 3 days in SD conditions (Figure 7). Compared with the wild type, fgl exhibited a severely photobleached phenotype (Figure 7a,b), possibly as a result of photooxidative damage. In the wild type, OsPORA mRNA levels were lower after 3 h of HL treatment (Figure 7c), whereas OsPORB mRNA levels drastically increased (Figure 7d), indicating that the rice plant requires increased expression of OsPORB in response to HL conditions. The levels of OsPORA and OsPORB were consistent with their mRNA levels (Figure 7e), indicating that rice POR activity is regulated at the transcriptional level.

These results strongly suggest that OsPORB activity is necessary for Chl synthesis under HL conditions in the paddy field, reminiscent of AtPORC function in Arabidopsis (Masuda et al., 2003).

===Evolution===

[[File:figure S7 yue.jpg|500px|Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of PORs in Arabidopsis, rice and barley.]]

==Labs working on this gene==
Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea

==References==
1.'''Yasuhito Sakuraba;Md Lutfor Rahman;Sung-Hwan Cho;Ye-Sol Kim;Hee-Jong Koh;Soo-Cheul Yoo;Nam-Chon Paek'''
The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions
The Plant Journal, 2013, 74(1): 122-133
2.'''Qiaosong Yang;Han He;Heying Li;Hua Tian;Jianjun Zhang;Liguang Zhai;Jiandong Chen;Hong Wu;Ganjun Yi;Zheng-Hui He;Xinxiang Peng'''
NOA1 Functions in a Temperature-Dependent Manner to Regulate Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Rubisco Formation in Rice
PLoS ONE, 2011, 6(5): e20015

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0496900|
Description = Similar to NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase porB (Fragment)|
Version = NM_001071490.1 GI:115482723 GeneID:4349004|
Length = 3713 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0496900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:19357502..19361214|
CDS = 19359252..19359591,19360224..19360750|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:19357502..19361214
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:19357502..19361214
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggggtgccgcgacttcctcaaggcgtcgcgcgccgccaaggccgccggcatggagaagggcagctacaccatcgtccacctcgacctggcgtcgctcgacagcgtcaggcagttcgtcgccaacgtccggcggctggagatgcccgtcgacgtggtggtgtgcaacgccgccgtgtaccagcccaccgccaagcagccgagcttcaccgccgacggcttcgagatgagcgtcggcgtcaaccacctcgggcacttcctcctcgcccgcgagctcctcgccgacctcacctcctccgactacccctccaagcgcctcatcatcgtcggctccatcaccgggaacacgaacacgctggcggggaacgtgccgccgaaggcgaacctgggggacctccgggggctcgcctcgggcctcgacggcgtgtcgagctccgccatgatcgacggcggcgagttcgacggcgccaaggcctacaaggacagcaaggtgtgcaacatgctgacgatgcaggagttccaccgccggtaccacggcgagaccggggtgacgttcgcgtcgctctaccccgggtgcatcgccaccacgggcctcttccgggagcacgtcccgctgttccgcctcctcttcccgcccttccagaagtacatcaccaagggctacgtctccgaggaggaggccggcaagcggctggcccaggtcgtcagtgaccccagcctcaccaagtccggggtgtactggagctggaacaacaactcggcctcgttcgagaaccagctctccgaggaggcctccgatccggagaaggccaagaaggtctgggagctcagcgagaagctcgtcggcttggccgatcacgatcagtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MGCRDFLKASRAAKAAGMEKGSYTIVHLDLASLDSVRQFVANVR RLEMPVDVVVCNAAVYQPTAKQPSFTADGFEMSVGVNHLGHFLLARELLADLTSSDYP SKRLIIVGSITGNTNTLAGNVPPKANLGDLRGLASGLDGVSSSAMIDGGEFDGAKAYK DSKVCNMLTMQEFHRRYHGETGVTFASLYPGCIATTGLFREHVPLFRLLFPPFQKYIT KGYVSEEEAGKRLAQVVSDPSLTKSGVYWSWNNNSASFENQLSEEASDPEKAKKVWEL SEKLVGLADHDQ</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>1751..2090#2723..3249#agcttagaaccccaaccccccaaagcctcactcacttcgctgcagaggaaaaaaaagagagaaaaatctccgatggctctccaggcggccaccaccacctccttcctcccctccgcgctctccgcccgcaaggaggtgagagctctaagctcggggattcagccatggaggcatttcagagttcagactagttcagagttttgcttcgtgttcatggcggcgattggttaaatggttttttttttgtttttgggttggtttttgggggtgtagggagcggtgaaggactcggcgttcttgggcgttcgtctcggcgacgggctcaagctggagaccagtgctctcggccttcgcaccaaggtagtaactgtaataatgttgttacagcactctgcttgctctgtgctgatgctctgtttgttagtgctaatattagtacttactactaactggcgagtagtacaagtaattggctagttcgttcagtgaattgccaggttttcgtttctagacttcacgattattagtttcagactttcagttatgttggaggagcttaccactgtggctctgtggtttgctctgtcagattaggagcacccgtggcgttgcaaatggttatgcctgtgtttggcattaatcaactggctaatgagattatatcatgatgattctctcatcgttttagctatgacaatgtcaggggcttgttttgttttcacaggtgtgcagctttgctaattgctagtaacatcagtgtgtgccgccattgttagtgcaaccaagtagcctttgtgtctggttaatttgcaacttcaggttgacatttggacttgctgagtgagtgtatctagcattgcaaactgatgtgaattttgacgaacttttagtgcaagattgcaaggtttgcttgatgtacttagaaatggtagttgctcacaactctgacagcgccacaaaaattgtattatacttgattagcctggcattttgacttcctattgatctggattttatgtcagtgttagtttgagtatatatagcattgcaaagtgatgcgaatttgggtaacttttagtgcaagattgcaaggtttacttgctgtacttagaaatagttgctcaaaactctgacatcgccacacccccaaaaaattgtactactacttaattagctttggcatttcaagttcatattgatgtggatcgatttcataaacttgattttactgcaagactgtcaagtttgctccctgtaatttcataaacttggttccgcatgtaaactagacgaatttattaagcctaattaatccatcattagtaaatatttattgtagcatcacattattaaatcatagcataattagattcaaaagatttgtctcacaatttacatataaactgtgcaattatttttttccccacatttaatattcttgcatgttcaaacatttgatgtgatgtttttggccaaaaaattttttatataaaaacaaaggcctagtttgttcatatatcttgacattgttgccacgaaaactgaaactctcctgcagagggtgagcacgtcgtcggtggccatccgcgcgcaggcgtcggcggcggtgtcgtccccgacggtgacgccggcgtcgccgtcgggcaagcagacgctgcgcaagggcacggcggtcatcaccggcgcgtcgtccgggcttggcctcgcgacggcgaaggcgctggcggagacgggcaggtggcacgtcgtcatggggtgccgcgacttcctcaaggcgtcgcgcgccgccaaggccgccggcatggagaagggcagctacaccatcgtccacctcgacctggcgtcgctcgacagcgtcaggcagttcgtcgccaacgtccggcggctggagatgcccgtcgacgtggtggtgtgcaacgccgccgtgtaccagcccaccgccaagcagccgagcttcaccgccgacggcttcgagatgagcgtcggcgtcaaccacctcgggcacttcctcctcgcccgcgagctcctcgccgacctcacctcctccgactacccctccaagcgcctcatcatcgtcggctccatcaccggtaatgacaacctttcttcctcaccagaattaggctgttgtgttctaatgtcaaagcttccaacttctactattttgtagttctccacgtacacaattactacaattactgaactgctaaaaattgcatgttttataaaaaaaattataggaagttgttgtgattaatccaatttttaagtttttctttttcatcgggaagattgaaagagaccttctgaatgtattaagaatgagaaaaagttacaagaaaaacataataggaagttgtcgaggatgatgcgcaccagcgtgtgcgttcaagaaccacgagctaaccacacaagcacaaacctctaaaagtgaaaacttcttcttagataatacttaattaatggattatttttctgtgcatggagggcacaaccttatactgctttctaaaatgggtatgataattatttgatagtataaacgaatgaatcaagtattacaaagtcgataagctgatttttttttaaaaaaaaactttataagtgcagttgtaacttttttttaaaaaaaatatcatatcatttgaaagcatatcggcaacattctattgtaacatgttactataagaacatcgttctaatttcgatacgatgaatgcagggaacacgaacacgctggcggggaacgtgccgccgaaggcgaacctgggggacctccgggggctcgcctcgggcctcgacggcgtgtcgagctccgccatgatcgacggcggcgagttcgacggcgccaaggcctacaaggacagcaaggtgtgcaacatgctgacgatgcaggagttccaccgccggtaccacggcgagaccggggtgacgttcgcgtcgctctaccccgggtgcatcgccaccacgggcctcttccgggagcacgtcccgctgttccgcctcctcttcccgcccttccagaagtacatcaccaagggctacgtctccgaggaggaggccggcaagcggctggcccaggtcgtcagtgaccccagcctcaccaagtccggggtgtactggagctggaacaacaactcggcctcgttcgagaaccagctctccgaggaggcctccgatccggagaaggccaagaaggtctgggagctcagcgagaagctcgtcggcttggccgatcacgatcagtgagtgagagtgatgtgctattgattttcgtctaggattttgctgtgctcttcttcttcttctcctctctaccaagaaagatcgatggaggagaatttgtaggacgcgtttctcacgaattacttagctgttaatgatcagcttgatgtgtacgatatgatggtgcagagtgaaagttgtgttgttcactggtggatcatgggatgggaatatgggattgttgtaagatgtaactcaagtgttttcttttttgggattacttttggtaataagagcttgggtgatcgaaaactacagatggtttttcttttaagttgtatgatctctgtagagtttttgagtaatttgtagttttgtaccctatcaaagatcatctctagctgcctctgagctctccaactctatatgtccatctctagtatatatgtcccatatttctgactgaaaattttcaagtcggttggttc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071490.1 RefSeq:Os10g0496900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]

Os10g0496900

2014-06-10T01:30:15Z

Yueliya: /* Expression */

The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
OsPORB is essential for maintaining light-dependent Chl synthesis throughout leaf development, especially under HL conditions. The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions. NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) catalyzes photoreduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide in chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis, and is required for prolamellar body (PLB) formation in etioplasts.

Rice ''faded green leaf (fgl)'' mutants develop yellow/white leaf variegation and necrotic lesions during leaf elongation in field-grown plants. Map-based cloning revealed that FGL encodes OsPORB, one of two rice POR isoforms. In ''fgl'', etiolated seedlings contained smaller PLBs in etioplasts, and lower levels of total and photoactive Pchlide. Under constant or high light (HL) conditions, newly emerging green leaves rapidly turned yellow and formed lesions. Increased levels of non-photoactive Pchlide, which acts as a photosensitizer, may cause reactive oxygen accumulation and lesion formation.

''fgl'' harbors a 1-bp deletion in the coding region of ''OsPORB'', resulting in a frameshift mutation and premature translational termination. Based on the expression analysis of two ''OsPOR'' genes and phenotypic characterization of the ''fgl'' mutant, Yasuhito Sakurabaet al[1] proposed that OsPORB plays important roles in maintaining a threshold Chl level throughout leaf development, especially under HL field conditions.

===Expression===
OsPORB expression is regulated in a circadian rhythm in short-day conditions. OsPORA was expressed at high levels in developing leaves and decreased dramatically in fully mature leaves, whereas OsPORB expression was relatively constant throughout leaf development. However, OsPORB expression is rapidly upregulated by HL treatment.

'''OsPORB is not required for light-dependent Chl synthesis during greening of etiolated plants'''[[File:figure 5.png|200px|left|thumb|Figure 1. Abundance of OsPOR transcripts and OsPOR proteins during the greening of etiolated seedlings.]]

First, Sakuraba et al examined the effect of light on OsPOR expression during greening. When 6–day-old etiolated wild-type seedlings were exposed to light for 24 h, OsPORA expression was rapidly downregulated after illumination, whereas ''OsPORB'' expression decreased only slightly (Figure 1a). Consistent with its mRNA levels, OsPORA protein levels were severely reduced after 6 h of light treatment, and were maintained at low levels until 12 h in both wild-type and fgl seedlings (Figure 1b). OsPORB remained relatively constant in the wild type, but OsPORB did not accumulate in fgl because of the frameshift mutation in ''OsPORB''.
Next, to examine whether OsPORA contributes to light-dependent Chl synthesis during leaf greening, Sakuraba et al compared the greening speed of wild-type and fgl seedlings. The visible speed of greening (Figure 1c) and the rates of Chl synthesis (Figure 1d) were not significantly altered in fgl, indicating that low levels of OsPORA are sufficient for leaf greening in rice, even in the absence of OsPORB activity in fgl mutants.

'''Enhanced ''OsPORB'' activity is essential for Chl synthesis under HL.'''

In Arabidopsis, AtPORC expression increases under HL conditions, whereas both AtPORA and AtPORB are downregulated (Masuda et al., 2003), indicating that AtPORC is responsible for Chl synthesis under HL conditions. Thus, Sakuraba et al examined whether OsPORB has a similar function to AtPORC for Chl synthesis in response to HL.

The 14–day-old wild-type and fgl seedlings grown under mild light intensity (200 μmol m−2 s−1) were transferred to HL (1500 μmol m−2 s−1) for 3 days in SD conditions (Figure 7). Compared with the wild type, fgl exhibited a severely photobleached phenotype (Figure 7a,b), possibly as a result of photooxidative damage. In the wild type, OsPORA mRNA levels were lower after 3 h of HL treatment (Figure 7c), whereas OsPORB mRNA levels drastically increased (Figure 7d), indicating that the rice plant requires increased expression of OsPORB in response to HL conditions. The levels of OsPORA and OsPORB were consistent with their mRNA levels (Figure 7e), indicating that rice POR activity is regulated at the transcriptional level.

These results strongly suggest that OsPORB activity is necessary for Chl synthesis under HL conditions in the paddy field, reminiscent of AtPORC function in Arabidopsis (Masuda et al., 2003).

===Evolution===

[[File:figure S7 yue.jpg|500px|thumb|Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of PORs in Arabidopsis, rice and barley.]]

==Labs working on this gene==
Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea

==References==
1.'''Yasuhito Sakuraba;Md Lutfor Rahman;Sung-Hwan Cho;Ye-Sol Kim;Hee-Jong Koh;Soo-Cheul Yoo;Nam-Chon Paek'''
The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions
The Plant Journal, 2013, 74(1): 122-133
2.'''Qiaosong Yang;Han He;Heying Li;Hua Tian;Jianjun Zhang;Liguang Zhai;Jiandong Chen;Hong Wu;Ganjun Yi;Zheng-Hui He;Xinxiang Peng'''
NOA1 Functions in a Temperature-Dependent Manner to Regulate Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Rubisco Formation in Rice
PLoS ONE, 2011, 6(5): e20015

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os10g0496900|
Description = Similar to NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase porB (Fragment)|
Version = NM_001071490.1 GI:115482723 GeneID:4349004|
Length = 3713 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0496900, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 10|Chromosome 10]]|
AP = Chromosome 10:19357502..19361214|
CDS = 19359252..19359591,19360224..19360750|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008403:19357502..19361214
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008403:19357502..19361214
source=RiceChromosome10
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggggtgccgcgacttcctcaaggcgtcgcgcgccgccaaggccgccggcatggagaagggcagctacaccatcgtccacctcgacctggcgtcgctcgacagcgtcaggcagttcgtcgccaacgtccggcggctggagatgcccgtcgacgtggtggtgtgcaacgccgccgtgtaccagcccaccgccaagcagccgagcttcaccgccgacggcttcgagatgagcgtcggcgtcaaccacctcgggcacttcctcctcgcccgcgagctcctcgccgacctcacctcctccgactacccctccaagcgcctcatcatcgtcggctccatcaccgggaacacgaacacgctggcggggaacgtgccgccgaaggcgaacctgggggacctccgggggctcgcctcgggcctcgacggcgtgtcgagctccgccatgatcgacggcggcgagttcgacggcgccaaggcctacaaggacagcaaggtgtgcaacatgctgacgatgcaggagttccaccgccggtaccacggcgagaccggggtgacgttcgcgtcgctctaccccgggtgcatcgccaccacgggcctcttccgggagcacgtcccgctgttccgcctcctcttcccgcccttccagaagtacatcaccaagggctacgtctccgaggaggaggccggcaagcggctggcccaggtcgtcagtgaccccagcctcaccaagtccggggtgtactggagctggaacaacaactcggcctcgttcgagaaccagctctccgaggaggcctccgatccggagaaggccaagaaggtctgggagctcagcgagaagctcgtcggcttggccgatcacgatcagtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MGCRDFLKASRAAKAAGMEKGSYTIVHLDLASLDSVRQFVANVR RLEMPVDVVVCNAAVYQPTAKQPSFTADGFEMSVGVNHLGHFLLARELLADLTSSDYP SKRLIIVGSITGNTNTLAGNVPPKANLGDLRGLASGLDGVSSSAMIDGGEFDGAKAYK DSKVCNMLTMQEFHRRYHGETGVTFASLYPGCIATTGLFREHVPLFRLLFPPFQKYIT KGYVSEEEAGKRLAQVVSDPSLTKSGVYWSWNNNSASFENQLSEEASDPEKAKKVWEL SEKLVGLADHDQ</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>1751..2090#2723..3249#agcttagaaccccaaccccccaaagcctcactcacttcgctgcagaggaaaaaaaagagagaaaaatctccgatggctctccaggcggccaccaccacctccttcctcccctccgcgctctccgcccgcaaggaggtgagagctctaagctcggggattcagccatggaggcatttcagagttcagactagttcagagttttgcttcgtgttcatggcggcgattggttaaatggttttttttttgtttttgggttggtttttgggggtgtagggagcggtgaaggactcggcgttcttgggcgttcgtctcggcgacgggctcaagctggagaccagtgctctcggccttcgcaccaaggtagtaactgtaataatgttgttacagcactctgcttgctctgtgctgatgctctgtttgttagtgctaatattagtacttactactaactggcgagtagtacaagtaattggctagttcgttcagtgaattgccaggttttcgtttctagacttcacgattattagtttcagactttcagttatgttggaggagcttaccactgtggctctgtggtttgctctgtcagattaggagcacccgtggcgttgcaaatggttatgcctgtgtttggcattaatcaactggctaatgagattatatcatgatgattctctcatcgttttagctatgacaatgtcaggggcttgttttgttttcacaggtgtgcagctttgctaattgctagtaacatcagtgtgtgccgccattgttagtgcaaccaagtagcctttgtgtctggttaatttgcaacttcaggttgacatttggacttgctgagtgagtgtatctagcattgcaaactgatgtgaattttgacgaacttttagtgcaagattgcaaggtttgcttgatgtacttagaaatggtagttgctcacaactctgacagcgccacaaaaattgtattatacttgattagcctggcattttgacttcctattgatctggattttatgtcagtgttagtttgagtatatatagcattgcaaagtgatgcgaatttgggtaacttttagtgcaagattgcaaggtttacttgctgtacttagaaatagttgctcaaaactctgacatcgccacacccccaaaaaattgtactactacttaattagctttggcatttcaagttcatattgatgtggatcgatttcataaacttgattttactgcaagactgtcaagtttgctccctgtaatttcataaacttggttccgcatgtaaactagacgaatttattaagcctaattaatccatcattagtaaatatttattgtagcatcacattattaaatcatagcataattagattcaaaagatttgtctcacaatttacatataaactgtgcaattatttttttccccacatttaatattcttgcatgttcaaacatttgatgtgatgtttttggccaaaaaattttttatataaaaacaaaggcctagtttgttcatatatcttgacattgttgccacgaaaactgaaactctcctgcagagggtgagcacgtcgtcggtggccatccgcgcgcaggcgtcggcggcggtgtcgtccccgacggtgacgccggcgtcgccgtcgggcaagcagacgctgcgcaagggcacggcggtcatcaccggcgcgtcgtccgggcttggcctcgcgacggcgaaggcgctggcggagacgggcaggtggcacgtcgtcatggggtgccgcgacttcctcaaggcgtcgcgcgccgccaaggccgccggcatggagaagggcagctacaccatcgtccacctcgacctggcgtcgctcgacagcgtcaggcagttcgtcgccaacgtccggcggctggagatgcccgtcgacgtggtggtgtgcaacgccgccgtgtaccagcccaccgccaagcagccgagcttcaccgccgacggcttcgagatgagcgtcggcgtcaaccacctcgggcacttcctcctcgcccgcgagctcctcgccgacctcacctcctccgactacccctccaagcgcctcatcatcgtcggctccatcaccggtaatgacaacctttcttcctcaccagaattaggctgttgtgttctaatgtcaaagcttccaacttctactattttgtagttctccacgtacacaattactacaattactgaactgctaaaaattgcatgttttataaaaaaaattataggaagttgttgtgattaatccaatttttaagtttttctttttcatcgggaagattgaaagagaccttctgaatgtattaagaatgagaaaaagttacaagaaaaacataataggaagttgtcgaggatgatgcgcaccagcgtgtgcgttcaagaaccacgagctaaccacacaagcacaaacctctaaaagtgaaaacttcttcttagataatacttaattaatggattatttttctgtgcatggagggcacaaccttatactgctttctaaaatgggtatgataattatttgatagtataaacgaatgaatcaagtattacaaagtcgataagctgatttttttttaaaaaaaaactttataagtgcagttgtaacttttttttaaaaaaaatatcatatcatttgaaagcatatcggcaacattctattgtaacatgttactataagaacatcgttctaatttcgatacgatgaatgcagggaacacgaacacgctggcggggaacgtgccgccgaaggcgaacctgggggacctccgggggctcgcctcgggcctcgacggcgtgtcgagctccgccatgatcgacggcggcgagttcgacggcgccaaggcctacaaggacagcaaggtgtgcaacatgctgacgatgcaggagttccaccgccggtaccacggcgagaccggggtgacgttcgcgtcgctctaccccgggtgcatcgccaccacgggcctcttccgggagcacgtcccgctgttccgcctcctcttcccgcccttccagaagtacatcaccaagggctacgtctccgaggaggaggccggcaagcggctggcccaggtcgtcagtgaccccagcctcaccaagtccggggtgtactggagctggaacaacaactcggcctcgttcgagaaccagctctccgaggaggcctccgatccggagaaggccaagaaggtctgggagctcagcgagaagctcgtcggcttggccgatcacgatcagtgagtgagagtgatgtgctattgattttcgtctaggattttgctgtgctcttcttcttcttctcctctctaccaagaaagatcgatggaggagaatttgtaggacgcgtttctcacgaattacttagctgttaatgatcagcttgatgtgtacgatatgatggtgcagagtgaaagttgtgttgttcactggtggatcatgggatgggaatatgggattgttgtaagatgtaactcaagtgttttcttttttgggattacttttggtaataagagcttgggtgatcgaaaactacagatggtttttcttttaagttgtatgatctctgtagagtttttgagtaatttgtagttttgtaccctatcaaagatcatctctagctgcctctgagctctccaactctatatgtccatctctagtatatatgtcccatatttctgactgaaaattttcaagtcggttggttc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001071490.1 RefSeq:Os10g0496900]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 10]]
[[Category:Chromosome 10]]