==Annotated Information==
===Function===
RL14 (rolling leaf 14) regulates leaf rolling, which is found to encode a 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase of unknown function. the RL14 gene affects water transport in leaves by affecting the composition of the secondary cell wall. This change in water transport results in water deficiency, which is the major reason for the abnormal shape of the bulliform cells.
RL14 mutant plants displayed smaller stomatal complexes and decreased transpiration rates, as compared with the wild type. Defective development could be rescued functionally by the expression of wild-type RL14.

===Expression===
Histochemistry, as well as qRT-PCR analysis, showed that RL14 was highly transcribed in leaves, leaf sheaths and roots. It was also detected in stems and glumes, although its expression in these organs was not as intense as that in the mature leaves, leaf sheaths and roots (Figure 6b).
Expression of RL14 mRNA was detected in the sclerenchymal cell layer of underemerged leaves and sheaths. In the mature leaf, RL14 mRNA accumulated mainly in the mesophyll cells that surrounded the vasculature (Figure 6c).
[[File: Analysis of the expression pattern for the RL14 gene.png]]

Analysis of the expression pattern for the RL14 gene

===Evolution===
The RL14 gene was mapped first to an interval between the simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers RM3123 and RM1162 on the long arm of chromosome 10.
Finally, the RL14 locus was mapped to a 24.5-kb DNA region between the InDel marker SID2 and SSR marker SW24 on a single bacterial artificial chromosome, AC079874.
Four annotated candidate genes, which encoded a polyol transporter (Os10g40950.1), a 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase family protein (Os10g40960.1), a flavonol synthase (Os10g40990.1) and a retrotransposon protein (Os10g41000), were located in the 24.5-kb DNA region.
RL14 was related most closely to members of the 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase family from rice and sorghum (Figure 5b). Orthologous of RL14 was identified in other species, such as maize, Arabidopsis, Papaver somniferum, Vitis spp and Ricinus communis (Figure 5b).
[[File: Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization of RL14 protein.png]]

Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization of RL14 protein

==Structured Information==
===Coding Sequence===
1 gatgtactga cagtagctct agctcagttt gagatgtgca aatagtataa caaaagcatt
61 acttatgcaa caaaaactac agctcatcaa ccatggagtg ccagatgaag tgattgcaaa
121 tctcaagaac gacttggttg agtttttcag tcagccactg gatgccaaga aggaatactc
181 acagctgccc aataaccttg aaggttatgg acaggccttc gttgtgtccg acaaccagaa
241 actagactgg gcagacatgc tataccttca agtctgtcct accgattcaa gggacttgag
301 attctggccc aattaccctg cctctttcag gcattccatt gatgcatact catcagagac
361 agaaaatatt ggactctgcc tgctgcaatt catggccaag gccgttggtg ttgagccgaa
421 gtcgttgtta agtgtatttg aagggcaagc taggggtttg aggatgaact actatccacc
481 gtgcttgaaa gctgacaagg tgttgggttt gtcaccgcac actgatccag gtggcttgac
541 actgcttctc caggtgaatg atgtacaggg cctgcagatc aacaaggatg gcaaatggtt
601 ctccgtgaat gctctgaatg gtgcactcat cgttaacatt ggcgacacac ttgagatcct
661 gagtaatgga aagttcagaa gtgttgagca cagggccgtg gtacatccaa gcagagagag
721 gatttcagcg gcactgttct actatccgtg ccaggatatg gtgatcagcc ctctgccgga
781 ctttgtgaaa gatggtaaag tgaaatacaa aacaataagc taccaggatt tgctgacaga
841 gtacttcaca gcagagcttg atggaaggaa ccggctaaag aaaatgaagc tggaaccgta
901 gccatcgacc atgatgcatg taacaatttt ataagaagaa cctgctttca ggttgtgtcc
961 tacttactgt atctgctatc tactctcttc atcctaaaat aaataaacat agtacatata
1021 tgatacatca tagtaccata aattagaaaa tgttacatcg tgtactatgt ttttttaaaa
1081 aatttgggat ataggaaata tatgtcgtga agaataatgt attcaggcat caagctttat
1141 gcataattag cttatgcctg taaactgcgt tgaacatgtt cagtttgatg aaacagacat
1201 ggaagtttgc ctctt

===Protein Sequence===
MNYYPPCLKADKVLGLSPHTDPGGLTLLLQVNDVQGLQINKDGK WFSVNALNGALIVNIGDTLEILSNGKFRSVEHRAVVHPSRERISAALFYYPCQDMVISPLPDFVKDGKVKYKTISYQDLLTEYFTAELDGRNRLKKMKLEP
==Reference==
Likui Fang;Fangming Zhao;Yunfei Cong;Xianchun Sang;Qing Du;Dezhong Wang;Yunfeng Li;Yinghua Ling;Zhenglin Yang;Guanghua He.Rolling-leaf14 is a 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase family protein that modulates rice leaf rolling by affecting secondary cell wall formation in leaves
Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2012, 10(5): 524-532
==Labs working on this gene==
Rice Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.

2014-06-09T12:27:18Z

Zhangyn:

Os03g0123300

2014-06-09T02:13:49Z

Zhangyn: /* labs working on this gene */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
'''''Tillering and Dwarf 1'''''('''''TAD1'''''), which encodes a co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), a multi-subunit E3 ligase. The protein interacts with moC1, forms a complex with osAPC10 and functions as a co-activator of APC/C to target MoC1 for degradation in a cell-cycle-dependent manner.

''TAD1'' encodes a Cdh1-type activator of APC/C, an ortholog to CCS52A in dicots.During the cell-cycl progression, ''TAD1'' shows an oscillating expression pattern with a higher level in the G1-phase.The ''TAD1''-deduced amino-acid sequence contains several conserved domains, including seven WD repeats, C-box, CSM, RVL and IR motifs.

[[File:Deternination_of_the_interaction_between_TAD1_and_MOC1_by_coimmunoprecipitation_and_BiFC_assays.png]]
Deternination of the interaction between TAD1 and MOC1 by coimmunoprecipitation and BiFC assays.

Sequence analysis revealed that MOC1 harbours a typical D-box at the N-terminal (Fig.a). Therefore, it is very likely that MOC1 and TAD1 directly interact to control rice tillering. MOC1–GFP fusion protein could capture the TAD1–FLAG fusion protein, suggesting an in vivo interaction between MOC1 and TAD1 (Fig.b). Bimolecular fluorescence complementation shown in Fig.c, when the full-length cDNAs of ''TAD1'' and ''MOC1'' were introduced into rice protoplasts simultaneously, the fluorescence signal was detected in the nucleus, indicating that TAD1 can directly interact with MOC1 in the nucleus. Furthermore, when two conserved residues, arginine and leucine, of the D-box at the N-terminal were changed into alanine (Fig.a), the ''MOC1'' protein was unable to interact with TAD1, demonstrating that the D-box is indispensable for the interaction between MOC1 and TAD1 (Fig.c). In addition, a series of truncated ''TAD1'' proteins were generated to determine the domains that are essential for the interaction with MOC1 via the BiFC analysis (Fig.d). The results showed that the N-terminal 203 amino acids of TAD1 are sufficient to interact with MOC1.

[[File:The_APC_C(TAD1)_complex-mediated_degradation_of_MOC1.png]]

OsAPC10 interacts with TAD1 in vivo and their interaction occurs in the nucleus of rice protoplasts. Coexpressed TAD1, MOC1 and OsAPC10 proteins in the rice protoplasts can prove that MOC1 can indeed form a protein complex with TAD1 and OsAPC10 in vivo(Fig.b). Therefore, it is very likely that TAD1 recruits MOC1 to APC/C, and OsAPC10 is also involved in recognizing and targeting MOC1 for further degradation.
TAD1 may recruit MOC1 to APC/C for degradation mainly at the G1-phase Cell division may execute the activation of bud cells. The activity of cell division blocked in the G1-phase possibly accompanies low levels of MOC1 proteins in the dormant tiller buds. Based on the cellcycle profile of bud cells and the function of APC/C TAD1–MOC1, we propose that the APC/CTAD1–MOC1 complex may act locally in tiller buds. During the cell-cycle progression of tiller bud cells, TAD1 is activated in the G1-phase, where it targets MOC1 for degradation to maintain a low level of MOC1. When tiller cells transit into the next phase, the TAD1 level is reduced, which causes MOC1 to accumulate and regain its function in controlling tillering.

===Expression===

[[File:Expression_of_TAD1_during_the_cell-cycle_progression_and_phenotypes_of_TAD1-overexpressing_transgenic_plants.png]]
Expression of TAD1 during the cell-cycle progression and phenotypes of ''TAD1''-overexpressing transgenic plants.

''TAD1'' has an oscillated expression pattern during the cell-cycle progression, showing a higher level in the G1-phase and a lower level in the S- and G2/M-phases. The overexpression of MOC1 resulted in similar phenotypes to that of the tad1mutant plant, such as more tillers and reduced plant height, whereas TAD1-overexpressing transgenic plants showed a reduced tiller number,a similar phenotype to ''moc1''.Real-time PCR analysis showed that ''TAD1''is expressed ubiquitously in the examined rice organs, including roots, shoot apices, axillary buds, internodes, nodes, and young leaves and panicles, but more abundant in young leaves, axillary buds and nodes.The tissue-specific expression pattern of ''TAD1'' was further examined by messenger RNA in situhybridization. ''TAD1'' was predominantly expressed in the leaf primordia and young leaves, tiller buds, inflorescence promordia, and crown root promordia. In addition, ''TAD1'' expression was detected in vascular bundles at the unenlongated stem.

===Evolution===
In animals, in addition to its essential role involved in cell-cycle progression, the APC/C has also been reported recently to target different substrates in non-mitotic cells such as neurons, muscle cells and lens fibre cells. In the ventral nerve cord of ''Caenorhabditis elegans'', the APC/C CDH1 complex regulates synaptic strength by affecting the number of glutamate receptors on the postsynaptic side. In ''Drosophila'', APC/CCdh1 regulates presynaptic organization and synaptic size by targeting liprin-αfor degradation. In mammals, knockdown of ''Cdh1'' leads to increased axon and disrupted axonal patterning. Further studies showed that Cdh1 targets two key development regulators, inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) and the transcription corepressor ski-related novel protein N (SnoN), for degradation in regulating the axonal pattern. In plants, however, whether APC/C CDH1 targets the key regulators of plant development other than conserved cell-cycle regulators is still unknown. MOC1 is the first identified target of Cdh1-type co-activator of APC/C other than cyclins in plants. Loss-of-function of TAD1 disrupts normal plant architecture in rice, which is comparable to the axon phenotypes in mammals.

==References==
Cao Xu;Yonghong Wang;Yanchun Yu;Jingbo Duan;Zhigang Liao;Guosheng Xiong;Xiangbing Meng;Guifu Liu;Qian Qian;Jiayang Li.Degradation of MONOCULM 1 by APC/CTAD1 regulates rice tillering.Nature Communications, 2012, 3: 750
Stegmuller, J. et al.Cell-intrinsic regulation of axonal morphogenesis by the Cdh1-APC target SnoN. Neuron 50,389–400 (2006).
Lasorella, A. et al.Degradation of Id2 by the anaphase-promoting complex couples cell cycle exit and axonal growth. Nature 442,471–474 (2006).

==Labs working on this gene==
State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0123300|
Description = Similar to Cell cycle switch protein|
Version = NM_001055339.1 GI:115450406 GeneID:4331448|
Length = 3573 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0123300, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:1305797..1309369|
CDS = 1305822..1306433,1306643..1306765,1306846..1306950,1307352..1307531,1307652..1307714 ,1307815..1308009,1308368..1308469,1308549..1308611,1308709..1308777 ,1308879..1308938|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:1305797..1309369
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:1305797..1309369
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggatcaccaccaccaccacctgccgccgccgccgccgcggtcgccgatggagaactccgcgtcctccaagccgcccaccccggcgtccaccccgtcgtcgcgcctcgccgccgcgccgtcctcccgcgtctcctccgcggcgccgcacccctccccgtcctcctccgcgcccacgccggcctcgcggacggtctacagcgaccgcttcatccccagccgcgccggatccaacctcgcgctcttcgacctcgccccgtcgccgtcccaccacgacgccgccgccgccgccgcctcccccggcgcgccgcccccctccggatctaccccggcctcgtcgccctactgcgcgctcctccgcgccgcgctcttcggccccaccacgcccgaccgggtggcgtcgtcggcgtccgcgtgctcctcctcctcctccgccggggcgtcgcccgtgggctcacccgccaccggcaacatattcaggttcaaggcggaggtgccccggaatgctaagcgcgcccttttctccgacggggacgacgagggcgtgctcttccccggggtgttcacgacgaggggcactggccccaggaagatccctaggtcaccttataaggtgctggatgctcccgcattgcaggatgacttctacctgaaccttgtggattggtcttcgcataatatccttgcagttggattggggaattgtgtctacttatggaatgcatgcagcagcaaggtcaccaagctatgtgatttgggggtggatgacaatgtctgttcagtgggttgggcacagcgtggcactcaccttgctgtagggacaaaccaaggcaaagttcaggtatgggatgccactcgttgtaagagaataagaaccatggaaagccatcggatgcgagtaggtgctcttgcatggaattcatcattgctttcgtcaggcagtcgtgacaagagcatccttcaccatgatatccgtgcccaggatgattatattagtagacttgctgggcataaatcggaggtctgtgggctcaagtggtcttatgataaccgtcagcttgcatctggtggtaatgacaacagactttatgtatggaatcaacactcggcgcacccggtactgaagtatactgagcatacagcagctgtcaaagctattgcgtggtcacctcatcttcatgggctgcttgcatctggtggaggaactgcagatagatgcatacgattttggaataccaccacgaatatgcacttaaattgcgtcgacacaggcagtcaggtctgtaatcttgtatggtcaaagaatgttaatgagcttgttagcactcatggatattctcaaaatcagataattgtttggcgatacccaacaatgtcaaagctcgccacattgacaggccatacatatagggtattatatttagccatctccccagatggacagactatagtaactggcgctggtgatgaaacgcttcggttttggaacgtgtttccatctcccaagtcccagagttctgacagcctaagtagcatcggggccacatcatttgttaggagctacatccggtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MDHHHHHLPPPPPRSPMENSASSKPPTPASTPSSRLAAAPSSRV SSAAPHPSPSSSAPTPASRTVYSDRFIPSRAGSNLALFDLAPSPSHHDAAAAAASPGA PPPSGSTPASSPYCALLRAALFGPTTPDRVASSASACSSSSSAGASPVGSPATGNIFR FKAEVPRNAKRALFSDGDDEGVLFPGVFTTRGTGPRKIPRSPYKVLDAPALQDDFYLN LVDWSSHNILAVGLGNCVYLWNACSSKVTKLCDLGVDDNVCSVGWAQRGTHLAVGTNQ GKVQVWDATRCKRIRTMESHRMRVGALAWNSSLLSSGSRDKSILHHDIRAQDDYISRL AGHKSEVCGLKWSYDNRQLASGGNDNRLYVWNQHSAHPVLKYTEHTAAVKAIAWSPHL HGLLASGGGTADRCIRFWNTTTNMHLNCVDTGSQVCNLVWSKNVNELVSTHGYSQNQI IVWRYPTMSKLATLTGHTYRVLYLAISPDGQTIVTGAGDETLRFWNVFPSPKSQSSDS LSSIGATSFVRSYIR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>26..637#847..969#1050..1154#1556..1735#1856..1918#2019..2213#2572..2673#2753..2815#2913..2981#3083..3142#atccccaaatctctcgcccccacccatggatcaccaccaccaccacctgccgccgccgccgccgcggtcgccgatggagaactccgcgtcctccaagccgcccaccccggcgtccaccccgtcgtcgcgcctcgccgccgcgccgtcctcccgcgtctcctccgcggcgccgcacccctccccgtcctcctccgcgcccacgccggcctcgcggacggtctacagcgaccgcttcatccccagccgcgccggatccaacctcgcgctcttcgacctcgccccgtcgccgtcccaccacgacgccgccgccgccgccgcctcccccggcgcgccgcccccctccggatctaccccggcctcgtcgccctactgcgcgctcctccgcgccgcgctcttcggccccaccacgcccgaccgggtggcgtcgtcggcgtccgcgtgctcctcctcctcctccgccggggcgtcgcccgtgggctcacccgccaccggcaacatattcaggttcaaggcggaggtgccccggaatgctaagcgcgcccttttctccgacggggacgacgagggcgtgctcttccccggggtgttcacgacgaggggcactggccccaggaagatccctaggtcaccttataaggtgagaagtgttcgccttcgatttcatagtttctttcaattgatatggtctgtttcttgattgatgtttctttgaattgagaaaaacatggtctttattattcatctgctctgtaccaagaatcctgtgttatttgtcatgcataaagagactgatatgaaagcttattactcaaaatctcacatgaattttccttctgttgctcttaggtgctggatgctcccgcattgcaggatgacttctacctgaaccttgtggattggtcttcgcataatatccttgcagttggattggggaattgtgtctacttatggaatgcatgcagcagcaaggtgagccaactgcggccatccatgcgcattcttgtttgggtacttgaagagggtttgtaaagaagtttattgctgtgcaggtcaccaagctatgtgatttgggggtggatgacaatgtctgttcagtgggttgggcacagcgtggcactcaccttgctgtagggacaaaccaaggcaaagttcaggttagacgtatgcccctttctgaaatgatcagataacatagtcatgatccaccaaaatttggaacgatgccttagcttaatctttatctagagtgtcaatggaaacattgagaagtatacaactcacttatggaaagatcagaaaaattgcaatactattaacagtggacctaatttttcgcacaaataatatatgatagacgcagtagagttttatgactaaactgaatgactttcatttttactccaaagaatgaatttggtccattgtaatctctgtttacaaatgtgctgtagtatttgatgattatcgattaatcctgttgagctctgaaattggtatgcaatgctacaatttcaatttggtgtctgactgtcaccttggattttatcttatttaggtatgggatgccactcgttgtaagagaataagaaccatggaaagccatcggatgcgagtaggtgctcttgcatggaattcatcattgctttcgtcaggcagtcgtgacaagagcatccttcaccatgatatccgtgcccaggatgattatattagtagacttgctgggcataaatcggaggtgatctattttatacatcattatgaattttccgacatgtcagattcttggattatcctattgtgctcccttttgatatattcttataatatgcatattctgtttccaaacacctttcaggtctgtgggctcaagtggtcttatgataaccgtcagcttgcatctggtggtaatgacaacagagtaagaatgcatccatgaattgtttcttgattggatcattggtattacatggaattcaaggttgcaatttcttatgtccatatcaatgtctcttttccagctttatgtatggaatcaacactcggcgcacccggtactgaagtatactgagcatacagcagctgtcaaagctattgcgtggtcacctcatcttcatgggctgcttgcatctggtggaggaactgcagatagatgcatacgattttggaataccaccacgaatatgcacttaaattgcgtcgacacaggcagtcaggtattttgctacacatctaatttctttagtgattgtgcagcccatgtttatagttctgaactttaatgaactcttgtttattctatttatagtaccatattaaataccgtggtatatggtatgtgaaataagcatgataactctcaatctttggacgcacttaaaaaattgaacatttctttagtcatgtcagttccgaaaagtaagaaatgtaggctgagctctattttcaatagtgaagttctatttcttgttttcatatctgaaaccttcacagaaatgccatgtcattaagactgtagagttaagcatattgttttttggtatgtactgaggacgctgagtgaatcttgaataggtctgtaatcttgtatggtcaaagaatgttaatgagcttgttagcactcatggatattctcaaaatcagataattgtttggcgatacccaacaatgtcaaaggtatgcttgcaagcttattcttaactcagtacgctttacctttttcttgtattaattgtgctcgatttctcctttgtagctcgccacattgacaggccatacatatagggtattatatttagccatctccccagatggacaggtgaagttatctcttgagtctttgaatctactgaattctgtttattgtatctagaatattttggcatagctgtgtttttgacattttatgtcaacagactatagtaactggcgctggtgatgaaacgcttcggttttggaacgtgtttccatctcccaagtcccaggtaccttttttaaaaatagtataattggtccttatttcaatttgaatgaaatttcactttcatatatagcttctaaataataattggtccttcaattacagagttctgacagcctaagtagcatcggggccacatcatttgttaggagctacatccggtgacactgagatgtggtaatctaataacacttggctcataagtcataacactactgcagcagagtgttgatgatcatcaatatcattccatttgtaccacttgcatcaccagttcatgaaccatcaaacctagccaaattttagagatagtaggatgcagaatggtgaaactggctcgcagacctcggagtggctcatttgctgaatgctgtatatatttattcattggctttgtaggagcgaagatggcaaacactgaccatccgcaatgtaccattgataagttcacggcctcctgtttttgtttttgctgagtcaacttggagctggagctcttatgtataccatgctagggcttaacaacattggccaactcatgatgctcattgcatccaagttggaatatgctaaggaagctggagaatttctggtgc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001055339.1 RefSeq:Os03g0123300]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0123300

2014-06-09T02:13:15Z

Zhangyn: /* labs working on this gene */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
'''''Tillering and Dwarf 1'''''('''''TAD1'''''), which encodes a co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), a multi-subunit E3 ligase. The protein interacts with moC1, forms a complex with osAPC10 and functions as a co-activator of APC/C to target MoC1 for degradation in a cell-cycle-dependent manner.

''TAD1'' encodes a Cdh1-type activator of APC/C, an ortholog to CCS52A in dicots.During the cell-cycl progression, ''TAD1'' shows an oscillating expression pattern with a higher level in the G1-phase.The ''TAD1''-deduced amino-acid sequence contains several conserved domains, including seven WD repeats, C-box, CSM, RVL and IR motifs.

[[File:Deternination_of_the_interaction_between_TAD1_and_MOC1_by_coimmunoprecipitation_and_BiFC_assays.png]]
Deternination of the interaction between TAD1 and MOC1 by coimmunoprecipitation and BiFC assays.

Sequence analysis revealed that MOC1 harbours a typical D-box at the N-terminal (Fig.a). Therefore, it is very likely that MOC1 and TAD1 directly interact to control rice tillering. MOC1–GFP fusion protein could capture the TAD1–FLAG fusion protein, suggesting an in vivo interaction between MOC1 and TAD1 (Fig.b). Bimolecular fluorescence complementation shown in Fig.c, when the full-length cDNAs of ''TAD1'' and ''MOC1'' were introduced into rice protoplasts simultaneously, the fluorescence signal was detected in the nucleus, indicating that TAD1 can directly interact with MOC1 in the nucleus. Furthermore, when two conserved residues, arginine and leucine, of the D-box at the N-terminal were changed into alanine (Fig.a), the ''MOC1'' protein was unable to interact with TAD1, demonstrating that the D-box is indispensable for the interaction between MOC1 and TAD1 (Fig.c). In addition, a series of truncated ''TAD1'' proteins were generated to determine the domains that are essential for the interaction with MOC1 via the BiFC analysis (Fig.d). The results showed that the N-terminal 203 amino acids of TAD1 are sufficient to interact with MOC1.

[[File:The_APC_C(TAD1)_complex-mediated_degradation_of_MOC1.png]]

OsAPC10 interacts with TAD1 in vivo and their interaction occurs in the nucleus of rice protoplasts. Coexpressed TAD1, MOC1 and OsAPC10 proteins in the rice protoplasts can prove that MOC1 can indeed form a protein complex with TAD1 and OsAPC10 in vivo(Fig.b). Therefore, it is very likely that TAD1 recruits MOC1 to APC/C, and OsAPC10 is also involved in recognizing and targeting MOC1 for further degradation.
TAD1 may recruit MOC1 to APC/C for degradation mainly at the G1-phase Cell division may execute the activation of bud cells. The activity of cell division blocked in the G1-phase possibly accompanies low levels of MOC1 proteins in the dormant tiller buds. Based on the cellcycle profile of bud cells and the function of APC/C TAD1–MOC1, we propose that the APC/CTAD1–MOC1 complex may act locally in tiller buds. During the cell-cycle progression of tiller bud cells, TAD1 is activated in the G1-phase, where it targets MOC1 for degradation to maintain a low level of MOC1. When tiller cells transit into the next phase, the TAD1 level is reduced, which causes MOC1 to accumulate and regain its function in controlling tillering.

===Expression===

[[File:Expression_of_TAD1_during_the_cell-cycle_progression_and_phenotypes_of_TAD1-overexpressing_transgenic_plants.png]]
Expression of TAD1 during the cell-cycle progression and phenotypes of ''TAD1''-overexpressing transgenic plants.

''TAD1'' has an oscillated expression pattern during the cell-cycle progression, showing a higher level in the G1-phase and a lower level in the S- and G2/M-phases. The overexpression of MOC1 resulted in similar phenotypes to that of the tad1mutant plant, such as more tillers and reduced plant height, whereas TAD1-overexpressing transgenic plants showed a reduced tiller number,a similar phenotype to ''moc1''.Real-time PCR analysis showed that ''TAD1''is expressed ubiquitously in the examined rice organs, including roots, shoot apices, axillary buds, internodes, nodes, and young leaves and panicles, but more abundant in young leaves, axillary buds and nodes.The tissue-specific expression pattern of ''TAD1'' was further examined by messenger RNA in situhybridization. ''TAD1'' was predominantly expressed in the leaf primordia and young leaves, tiller buds, inflorescence promordia, and crown root promordia. In addition, ''TAD1'' expression was detected in vascular bundles at the unenlongated stem.

===Evolution===
In animals, in addition to its essential role involved in cell-cycle progression, the APC/C has also been reported recently to target different substrates in non-mitotic cells such as neurons, muscle cells and lens fibre cells. In the ventral nerve cord of ''Caenorhabditis elegans'', the APC/C CDH1 complex regulates synaptic strength by affecting the number of glutamate receptors on the postsynaptic side. In ''Drosophila'', APC/CCdh1 regulates presynaptic organization and synaptic size by targeting liprin-αfor degradation. In mammals, knockdown of ''Cdh1'' leads to increased axon and disrupted axonal patterning. Further studies showed that Cdh1 targets two key development regulators, inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) and the transcription corepressor ski-related novel protein N (SnoN), for degradation in regulating the axonal pattern. In plants, however, whether APC/C CDH1 targets the key regulators of plant development other than conserved cell-cycle regulators is still unknown. MOC1 is the first identified target of Cdh1-type co-activator of APC/C other than cyclins in plants. Loss-of-function of TAD1 disrupts normal plant architecture in rice, which is comparable to the axon phenotypes in mammals.

==References==
Cao Xu;Yonghong Wang;Yanchun Yu;Jingbo Duan;Zhigang Liao;Guosheng Xiong;Xiangbing Meng;Guifu Liu;Qian Qian;Jiayang Li.Degradation of MONOCULM 1 by APC/CTAD1 regulates rice tillering.Nature Communications, 2012, 3: 750
Stegmuller, J. et al.Cell-intrinsic regulation of axonal morphogenesis by the Cdh1-APC target SnoN. Neuron 50,389–400 (2006).
Lasorella, A. et al.Degradation of Id2 by the anaphase-promoting complex couples cell cycle exit and axonal growth. Nature 442,471–474 (2006).

==labs working on this gene==
State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0123300|
Description = Similar to Cell cycle switch protein|
Version = NM_001055339.1 GI:115450406 GeneID:4331448|
Length = 3573 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0123300, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:1305797..1309369|
CDS = 1305822..1306433,1306643..1306765,1306846..1306950,1307352..1307531,1307652..1307714 ,1307815..1308009,1308368..1308469,1308549..1308611,1308709..1308777 ,1308879..1308938|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:1305797..1309369
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:1305797..1309369
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggatcaccaccaccaccacctgccgccgccgccgccgcggtcgccgatggagaactccgcgtcctccaagccgcccaccccggcgtccaccccgtcgtcgcgcctcgccgccgcgccgtcctcccgcgtctcctccgcggcgccgcacccctccccgtcctcctccgcgcccacgccggcctcgcggacggtctacagcgaccgcttcatccccagccgcgccggatccaacctcgcgctcttcgacctcgccccgtcgccgtcccaccacgacgccgccgccgccgccgcctcccccggcgcgccgcccccctccggatctaccccggcctcgtcgccctactgcgcgctcctccgcgccgcgctcttcggccccaccacgcccgaccgggtggcgtcgtcggcgtccgcgtgctcctcctcctcctccgccggggcgtcgcccgtgggctcacccgccaccggcaacatattcaggttcaaggcggaggtgccccggaatgctaagcgcgcccttttctccgacggggacgacgagggcgtgctcttccccggggtgttcacgacgaggggcactggccccaggaagatccctaggtcaccttataaggtgctggatgctcccgcattgcaggatgacttctacctgaaccttgtggattggtcttcgcataatatccttgcagttggattggggaattgtgtctacttatggaatgcatgcagcagcaaggtcaccaagctatgtgatttgggggtggatgacaatgtctgttcagtgggttgggcacagcgtggcactcaccttgctgtagggacaaaccaaggcaaagttcaggtatgggatgccactcgttgtaagagaataagaaccatggaaagccatcggatgcgagtaggtgctcttgcatggaattcatcattgctttcgtcaggcagtcgtgacaagagcatccttcaccatgatatccgtgcccaggatgattatattagtagacttgctgggcataaatcggaggtctgtgggctcaagtggtcttatgataaccgtcagcttgcatctggtggtaatgacaacagactttatgtatggaatcaacactcggcgcacccggtactgaagtatactgagcatacagcagctgtcaaagctattgcgtggtcacctcatcttcatgggctgcttgcatctggtggaggaactgcagatagatgcatacgattttggaataccaccacgaatatgcacttaaattgcgtcgacacaggcagtcaggtctgtaatcttgtatggtcaaagaatgttaatgagcttgttagcactcatggatattctcaaaatcagataattgtttggcgatacccaacaatgtcaaagctcgccacattgacaggccatacatatagggtattatatttagccatctccccagatggacagactatagtaactggcgctggtgatgaaacgcttcggttttggaacgtgtttccatctcccaagtcccagagttctgacagcctaagtagcatcggggccacatcatttgttaggagctacatccggtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MDHHHHHLPPPPPRSPMENSASSKPPTPASTPSSRLAAAPSSRV SSAAPHPSPSSSAPTPASRTVYSDRFIPSRAGSNLALFDLAPSPSHHDAAAAAASPGA PPPSGSTPASSPYCALLRAALFGPTTPDRVASSASACSSSSSAGASPVGSPATGNIFR FKAEVPRNAKRALFSDGDDEGVLFPGVFTTRGTGPRKIPRSPYKVLDAPALQDDFYLN LVDWSSHNILAVGLGNCVYLWNACSSKVTKLCDLGVDDNVCSVGWAQRGTHLAVGTNQ GKVQVWDATRCKRIRTMESHRMRVGALAWNSSLLSSGSRDKSILHHDIRAQDDYISRL AGHKSEVCGLKWSYDNRQLASGGNDNRLYVWNQHSAHPVLKYTEHTAAVKAIAWSPHL HGLLASGGGTADRCIRFWNTTTNMHLNCVDTGSQVCNLVWSKNVNELVSTHGYSQNQI IVWRYPTMSKLATLTGHTYRVLYLAISPDGQTIVTGAGDETLRFWNVFPSPKSQSSDS LSSIGATSFVRSYIR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>26..637#847..969#1050..1154#1556..1735#1856..1918#2019..2213#2572..2673#2753..2815#2913..2981#3083..3142#atccccaaatctctcgcccccacccatggatcaccaccaccaccacctgccgccgccgccgccgcggtcgccgatggagaactccgcgtcctccaagccgcccaccccggcgtccaccccgtcgtcgcgcctcgccgccgcgccgtcctcccgcgtctcctccgcggcgccgcacccctccccgtcctcctccgcgcccacgccggcctcgcggacggtctacagcgaccgcttcatccccagccgcgccggatccaacctcgcgctcttcgacctcgccccgtcgccgtcccaccacgacgccgccgccgccgccgcctcccccggcgcgccgcccccctccggatctaccccggcctcgtcgccctactgcgcgctcctccgcgccgcgctcttcggccccaccacgcccgaccgggtggcgtcgtcggcgtccgcgtgctcctcctcctcctccgccggggcgtcgcccgtgggctcacccgccaccggcaacatattcaggttcaaggcggaggtgccccggaatgctaagcgcgcccttttctccgacggggacgacgagggcgtgctcttccccggggtgttcacgacgaggggcactggccccaggaagatccctaggtcaccttataaggtgagaagtgttcgccttcgatttcatagtttctttcaattgatatggtctgtttcttgattgatgtttctttgaattgagaaaaacatggtctttattattcatctgctctgtaccaagaatcctgtgttatttgtcatgcataaagagactgatatgaaagcttattactcaaaatctcacatgaattttccttctgttgctcttaggtgctggatgctcccgcattgcaggatgacttctacctgaaccttgtggattggtcttcgcataatatccttgcagttggattggggaattgtgtctacttatggaatgcatgcagcagcaaggtgagccaactgcggccatccatgcgcattcttgtttgggtacttgaagagggtttgtaaagaagtttattgctgtgcaggtcaccaagctatgtgatttgggggtggatgacaatgtctgttcagtgggttgggcacagcgtggcactcaccttgctgtagggacaaaccaaggcaaagttcaggttagacgtatgcccctttctgaaatgatcagataacatagtcatgatccaccaaaatttggaacgatgccttagcttaatctttatctagagtgtcaatggaaacattgagaagtatacaactcacttatggaaagatcagaaaaattgcaatactattaacagtggacctaatttttcgcacaaataatatatgatagacgcagtagagttttatgactaaactgaatgactttcatttttactccaaagaatgaatttggtccattgtaatctctgtttacaaatgtgctgtagtatttgatgattatcgattaatcctgttgagctctgaaattggtatgcaatgctacaatttcaatttggtgtctgactgtcaccttggattttatcttatttaggtatgggatgccactcgttgtaagagaataagaaccatggaaagccatcggatgcgagtaggtgctcttgcatggaattcatcattgctttcgtcaggcagtcgtgacaagagcatccttcaccatgatatccgtgcccaggatgattatattagtagacttgctgggcataaatcggaggtgatctattttatacatcattatgaattttccgacatgtcagattcttggattatcctattgtgctcccttttgatatattcttataatatgcatattctgtttccaaacacctttcaggtctgtgggctcaagtggtcttatgataaccgtcagcttgcatctggtggtaatgacaacagagtaagaatgcatccatgaattgtttcttgattggatcattggtattacatggaattcaaggttgcaatttcttatgtccatatcaatgtctcttttccagctttatgtatggaatcaacactcggcgcacccggtactgaagtatactgagcatacagcagctgtcaaagctattgcgtggtcacctcatcttcatgggctgcttgcatctggtggaggaactgcagatagatgcatacgattttggaataccaccacgaatatgcacttaaattgcgtcgacacaggcagtcaggtattttgctacacatctaatttctttagtgattgtgcagcccatgtttatagttctgaactttaatgaactcttgtttattctatttatagtaccatattaaataccgtggtatatggtatgtgaaataagcatgataactctcaatctttggacgcacttaaaaaattgaacatttctttagtcatgtcagttccgaaaagtaagaaatgtaggctgagctctattttcaatagtgaagttctatttcttgttttcatatctgaaaccttcacagaaatgccatgtcattaagactgtagagttaagcatattgttttttggtatgtactgaggacgctgagtgaatcttgaataggtctgtaatcttgtatggtcaaagaatgttaatgagcttgttagcactcatggatattctcaaaatcagataattgtttggcgatacccaacaatgtcaaaggtatgcttgcaagcttattcttaactcagtacgctttacctttttcttgtattaattgtgctcgatttctcctttgtagctcgccacattgacaggccatacatatagggtattatatttagccatctccccagatggacaggtgaagttatctcttgagtctttgaatctactgaattctgtttattgtatctagaatattttggcatagctgtgtttttgacattttatgtcaacagactatagtaactggcgctggtgatgaaacgcttcggttttggaacgtgtttccatctcccaagtcccaggtaccttttttaaaaatagtataattggtccttatttcaatttgaatgaaatttcactttcatatatagcttctaaataataattggtccttcaattacagagttctgacagcctaagtagcatcggggccacatcatttgttaggagctacatccggtgacactgagatgtggtaatctaataacacttggctcataagtcataacactactgcagcagagtgttgatgatcatcaatatcattccatttgtaccacttgcatcaccagttcatgaaccatcaaacctagccaaattttagagatagtaggatgcagaatggtgaaactggctcgcagacctcggagtggctcatttgctgaatgctgtatatatttattcattggctttgtaggagcgaagatggcaaacactgaccatccgcaatgtaccattgataagttcacggcctcctgtttttgtttttgctgagtcaacttggagctggagctcttatgtataccatgctagggcttaacaacattggccaactcatgatgctcattgcatccaagttggaatatgctaaggaagctggagaatttctggtgc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001055339.1 RefSeq:Os03g0123300]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0123300

2014-06-09T02:11:59Z

Zhangyn: /* References */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
'''''Tillering and Dwarf 1'''''('''''TAD1'''''), which encodes a co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), a multi-subunit E3 ligase. The protein interacts with moC1, forms a complex with osAPC10 and functions as a co-activator of APC/C to target MoC1 for degradation in a cell-cycle-dependent manner.

''TAD1'' encodes a Cdh1-type activator of APC/C, an ortholog to CCS52A in dicots.During the cell-cycl progression, ''TAD1'' shows an oscillating expression pattern with a higher level in the G1-phase.The ''TAD1''-deduced amino-acid sequence contains several conserved domains, including seven WD repeats, C-box, CSM, RVL and IR motifs.

[[File:Deternination_of_the_interaction_between_TAD1_and_MOC1_by_coimmunoprecipitation_and_BiFC_assays.png]]
Deternination of the interaction between TAD1 and MOC1 by coimmunoprecipitation and BiFC assays.

Sequence analysis revealed that MOC1 harbours a typical D-box at the N-terminal (Fig.a). Therefore, it is very likely that MOC1 and TAD1 directly interact to control rice tillering. MOC1–GFP fusion protein could capture the TAD1–FLAG fusion protein, suggesting an in vivo interaction between MOC1 and TAD1 (Fig.b). Bimolecular fluorescence complementation shown in Fig.c, when the full-length cDNAs of ''TAD1'' and ''MOC1'' were introduced into rice protoplasts simultaneously, the fluorescence signal was detected in the nucleus, indicating that TAD1 can directly interact with MOC1 in the nucleus. Furthermore, when two conserved residues, arginine and leucine, of the D-box at the N-terminal were changed into alanine (Fig.a), the ''MOC1'' protein was unable to interact with TAD1, demonstrating that the D-box is indispensable for the interaction between MOC1 and TAD1 (Fig.c). In addition, a series of truncated ''TAD1'' proteins were generated to determine the domains that are essential for the interaction with MOC1 via the BiFC analysis (Fig.d). The results showed that the N-terminal 203 amino acids of TAD1 are sufficient to interact with MOC1.

[[File:The_APC_C(TAD1)_complex-mediated_degradation_of_MOC1.png]]

OsAPC10 interacts with TAD1 in vivo and their interaction occurs in the nucleus of rice protoplasts. Coexpressed TAD1, MOC1 and OsAPC10 proteins in the rice protoplasts can prove that MOC1 can indeed form a protein complex with TAD1 and OsAPC10 in vivo(Fig.b). Therefore, it is very likely that TAD1 recruits MOC1 to APC/C, and OsAPC10 is also involved in recognizing and targeting MOC1 for further degradation.
TAD1 may recruit MOC1 to APC/C for degradation mainly at the G1-phase Cell division may execute the activation of bud cells. The activity of cell division blocked in the G1-phase possibly accompanies low levels of MOC1 proteins in the dormant tiller buds. Based on the cellcycle profile of bud cells and the function of APC/C TAD1–MOC1, we propose that the APC/CTAD1–MOC1 complex may act locally in tiller buds. During the cell-cycle progression of tiller bud cells, TAD1 is activated in the G1-phase, where it targets MOC1 for degradation to maintain a low level of MOC1. When tiller cells transit into the next phase, the TAD1 level is reduced, which causes MOC1 to accumulate and regain its function in controlling tillering.

===Expression===

[[File:Expression_of_TAD1_during_the_cell-cycle_progression_and_phenotypes_of_TAD1-overexpressing_transgenic_plants.png]]
Expression of TAD1 during the cell-cycle progression and phenotypes of ''TAD1''-overexpressing transgenic plants.

''TAD1'' has an oscillated expression pattern during the cell-cycle progression, showing a higher level in the G1-phase and a lower level in the S- and G2/M-phases. The overexpression of MOC1 resulted in similar phenotypes to that of the tad1mutant plant, such as more tillers and reduced plant height, whereas TAD1-overexpressing transgenic plants showed a reduced tiller number,a similar phenotype to ''moc1''.Real-time PCR analysis showed that ''TAD1''is expressed ubiquitously in the examined rice organs, including roots, shoot apices, axillary buds, internodes, nodes, and young leaves and panicles, but more abundant in young leaves, axillary buds and nodes.The tissue-specific expression pattern of ''TAD1'' was further examined by messenger RNA in situhybridization. ''TAD1'' was predominantly expressed in the leaf primordia and young leaves, tiller buds, inflorescence promordia, and crown root promordia. In addition, ''TAD1'' expression was detected in vascular bundles at the unenlongated stem.

===Evolution===
In animals, in addition to its essential role involved in cell-cycle progression, the APC/C has also been reported recently to target different substrates in non-mitotic cells such as neurons, muscle cells and lens fibre cells. In the ventral nerve cord of ''Caenorhabditis elegans'', the APC/C CDH1 complex regulates synaptic strength by affecting the number of glutamate receptors on the postsynaptic side. In ''Drosophila'', APC/CCdh1 regulates presynaptic organization and synaptic size by targeting liprin-αfor degradation. In mammals, knockdown of ''Cdh1'' leads to increased axon and disrupted axonal patterning. Further studies showed that Cdh1 targets two key development regulators, inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) and the transcription corepressor ski-related novel protein N (SnoN), for degradation in regulating the axonal pattern. In plants, however, whether APC/C CDH1 targets the key regulators of plant development other than conserved cell-cycle regulators is still unknown. MOC1 is the first identified target of Cdh1-type co-activator of APC/C other than cyclins in plants. Loss-of-function of TAD1 disrupts normal plant architecture in rice, which is comparable to the axon phenotypes in mammals.

==References==
Cao Xu;Yonghong Wang;Yanchun Yu;Jingbo Duan;Zhigang Liao;Guosheng Xiong;Xiangbing Meng;Guifu Liu;Qian Qian;Jiayang Li.Degradation of MONOCULM 1 by APC/CTAD1 regulates rice tillering.Nature Communications, 2012, 3: 750
Stegmuller, J. et al.Cell-intrinsic regulation of axonal morphogenesis by the Cdh1-APC target SnoN. Neuron 50,389–400 (2006).
Lasorella, A. et al.Degradation of Id2 by the anaphase-promoting complex couples cell cycle exit and axonal growth. Nature 442,471–474 (2006).

===labs working on this gene===
State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0123300|
Description = Similar to Cell cycle switch protein|
Version = NM_001055339.1 GI:115450406 GeneID:4331448|
Length = 3573 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0123300, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:1305797..1309369|
CDS = 1305822..1306433,1306643..1306765,1306846..1306950,1307352..1307531,1307652..1307714 ,1307815..1308009,1308368..1308469,1308549..1308611,1308709..1308777 ,1308879..1308938|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:1305797..1309369
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:1305797..1309369
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggatcaccaccaccaccacctgccgccgccgccgccgcggtcgccgatggagaactccgcgtcctccaagccgcccaccccggcgtccaccccgtcgtcgcgcctcgccgccgcgccgtcctcccgcgtctcctccgcggcgccgcacccctccccgtcctcctccgcgcccacgccggcctcgcggacggtctacagcgaccgcttcatccccagccgcgccggatccaacctcgcgctcttcgacctcgccccgtcgccgtcccaccacgacgccgccgccgccgccgcctcccccggcgcgccgcccccctccggatctaccccggcctcgtcgccctactgcgcgctcctccgcgccgcgctcttcggccccaccacgcccgaccgggtggcgtcgtcggcgtccgcgtgctcctcctcctcctccgccggggcgtcgcccgtgggctcacccgccaccggcaacatattcaggttcaaggcggaggtgccccggaatgctaagcgcgcccttttctccgacggggacgacgagggcgtgctcttccccggggtgttcacgacgaggggcactggccccaggaagatccctaggtcaccttataaggtgctggatgctcccgcattgcaggatgacttctacctgaaccttgtggattggtcttcgcataatatccttgcagttggattggggaattgtgtctacttatggaatgcatgcagcagcaaggtcaccaagctatgtgatttgggggtggatgacaatgtctgttcagtgggttgggcacagcgtggcactcaccttgctgtagggacaaaccaaggcaaagttcaggtatgggatgccactcgttgtaagagaataagaaccatggaaagccatcggatgcgagtaggtgctcttgcatggaattcatcattgctttcgtcaggcagtcgtgacaagagcatccttcaccatgatatccgtgcccaggatgattatattagtagacttgctgggcataaatcggaggtctgtgggctcaagtggtcttatgataaccgtcagcttgcatctggtggtaatgacaacagactttatgtatggaatcaacactcggcgcacccggtactgaagtatactgagcatacagcagctgtcaaagctattgcgtggtcacctcatcttcatgggctgcttgcatctggtggaggaactgcagatagatgcatacgattttggaataccaccacgaatatgcacttaaattgcgtcgacacaggcagtcaggtctgtaatcttgtatggtcaaagaatgttaatgagcttgttagcactcatggatattctcaaaatcagataattgtttggcgatacccaacaatgtcaaagctcgccacattgacaggccatacatatagggtattatatttagccatctccccagatggacagactatagtaactggcgctggtgatgaaacgcttcggttttggaacgtgtttccatctcccaagtcccagagttctgacagcctaagtagcatcggggccacatcatttgttaggagctacatccggtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MDHHHHHLPPPPPRSPMENSASSKPPTPASTPSSRLAAAPSSRV SSAAPHPSPSSSAPTPASRTVYSDRFIPSRAGSNLALFDLAPSPSHHDAAAAAASPGA PPPSGSTPASSPYCALLRAALFGPTTPDRVASSASACSSSSSAGASPVGSPATGNIFR FKAEVPRNAKRALFSDGDDEGVLFPGVFTTRGTGPRKIPRSPYKVLDAPALQDDFYLN LVDWSSHNILAVGLGNCVYLWNACSSKVTKLCDLGVDDNVCSVGWAQRGTHLAVGTNQ GKVQVWDATRCKRIRTMESHRMRVGALAWNSSLLSSGSRDKSILHHDIRAQDDYISRL AGHKSEVCGLKWSYDNRQLASGGNDNRLYVWNQHSAHPVLKYTEHTAAVKAIAWSPHL HGLLASGGGTADRCIRFWNTTTNMHLNCVDTGSQVCNLVWSKNVNELVSTHGYSQNQI IVWRYPTMSKLATLTGHTYRVLYLAISPDGQTIVTGAGDETLRFWNVFPSPKSQSSDS LSSIGATSFVRSYIR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>26..637#847..969#1050..1154#1556..1735#1856..1918#2019..2213#2572..2673#2753..2815#2913..2981#3083..3142#atccccaaatctctcgcccccacccatggatcaccaccaccaccacctgccgccgccgccgccgcggtcgccgatggagaactccgcgtcctccaagccgcccaccccggcgtccaccccgtcgtcgcgcctcgccgccgcgccgtcctcccgcgtctcctccgcggcgccgcacccctccccgtcctcctccgcgcccacgccggcctcgcggacggtctacagcgaccgcttcatccccagccgcgccggatccaacctcgcgctcttcgacctcgccccgtcgccgtcccaccacgacgccgccgccgccgccgcctcccccggcgcgccgcccccctccggatctaccccggcctcgtcgccctactgcgcgctcctccgcgccgcgctcttcggccccaccacgcccgaccgggtggcgtcgtcggcgtccgcgtgctcctcctcctcctccgccggggcgtcgcccgtgggctcacccgccaccggcaacatattcaggttcaaggcggaggtgccccggaatgctaagcgcgcccttttctccgacggggacgacgagggcgtgctcttccccggggtgttcacgacgaggggcactggccccaggaagatccctaggtcaccttataaggtgagaagtgttcgccttcgatttcatagtttctttcaattgatatggtctgtttcttgattgatgtttctttgaattgagaaaaacatggtctttattattcatctgctctgtaccaagaatcctgtgttatttgtcatgcataaagagactgatatgaaagcttattactcaaaatctcacatgaattttccttctgttgctcttaggtgctggatgctcccgcattgcaggatgacttctacctgaaccttgtggattggtcttcgcataatatccttgcagttggattggggaattgtgtctacttatggaatgcatgcagcagcaaggtgagccaactgcggccatccatgcgcattcttgtttgggtacttgaagagggtttgtaaagaagtttattgctgtgcaggtcaccaagctatgtgatttgggggtggatgacaatgtctgttcagtgggttgggcacagcgtggcactcaccttgctgtagggacaaaccaaggcaaagttcaggttagacgtatgcccctttctgaaatgatcagataacatagtcatgatccaccaaaatttggaacgatgccttagcttaatctttatctagagtgtcaatggaaacattgagaagtatacaactcacttatggaaagatcagaaaaattgcaatactattaacagtggacctaatttttcgcacaaataatatatgatagacgcagtagagttttatgactaaactgaatgactttcatttttactccaaagaatgaatttggtccattgtaatctctgtttacaaatgtgctgtagtatttgatgattatcgattaatcctgttgagctctgaaattggtatgcaatgctacaatttcaatttggtgtctgactgtcaccttggattttatcttatttaggtatgggatgccactcgttgtaagagaataagaaccatggaaagccatcggatgcgagtaggtgctcttgcatggaattcatcattgctttcgtcaggcagtcgtgacaagagcatccttcaccatgatatccgtgcccaggatgattatattagtagacttgctgggcataaatcggaggtgatctattttatacatcattatgaattttccgacatgtcagattcttggattatcctattgtgctcccttttgatatattcttataatatgcatattctgtttccaaacacctttcaggtctgtgggctcaagtggtcttatgataaccgtcagcttgcatctggtggtaatgacaacagagtaagaatgcatccatgaattgtttcttgattggatcattggtattacatggaattcaaggttgcaatttcttatgtccatatcaatgtctcttttccagctttatgtatggaatcaacactcggcgcacccggtactgaagtatactgagcatacagcagctgtcaaagctattgcgtggtcacctcatcttcatgggctgcttgcatctggtggaggaactgcagatagatgcatacgattttggaataccaccacgaatatgcacttaaattgcgtcgacacaggcagtcaggtattttgctacacatctaatttctttagtgattgtgcagcccatgtttatagttctgaactttaatgaactcttgtttattctatttatagtaccatattaaataccgtggtatatggtatgtgaaataagcatgataactctcaatctttggacgcacttaaaaaattgaacatttctttagtcatgtcagttccgaaaagtaagaaatgtaggctgagctctattttcaatagtgaagttctatttcttgttttcatatctgaaaccttcacagaaatgccatgtcattaagactgtagagttaagcatattgttttttggtatgtactgaggacgctgagtgaatcttgaataggtctgtaatcttgtatggtcaaagaatgttaatgagcttgttagcactcatggatattctcaaaatcagataattgtttggcgatacccaacaatgtcaaaggtatgcttgcaagcttattcttaactcagtacgctttacctttttcttgtattaattgtgctcgatttctcctttgtagctcgccacattgacaggccatacatatagggtattatatttagccatctccccagatggacaggtgaagttatctcttgagtctttgaatctactgaattctgtttattgtatctagaatattttggcatagctgtgtttttgacattttatgtcaacagactatagtaactggcgctggtgatgaaacgcttcggttttggaacgtgtttccatctcccaagtcccaggtaccttttttaaaaatagtataattggtccttatttcaatttgaatgaaatttcactttcatatatagcttctaaataataattggtccttcaattacagagttctgacagcctaagtagcatcggggccacatcatttgttaggagctacatccggtgacactgagatgtggtaatctaataacacttggctcataagtcataacactactgcagcagagtgttgatgatcatcaatatcattccatttgtaccacttgcatcaccagttcatgaaccatcaaacctagccaaattttagagatagtaggatgcagaatggtgaaactggctcgcagacctcggagtggctcatttgctgaatgctgtatatatttattcattggctttgtaggagcgaagatggcaaacactgaccatccgcaatgtaccattgataagttcacggcctcctgtttttgtttttgctgagtcaacttggagctggagctcttatgtataccatgctagggcttaacaacattggccaactcatgatgctcattgcatccaagttggaatatgctaaggaagctggagaatttctggtgc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001055339.1 RefSeq:Os03g0123300]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]

Os03g0123300

2014-06-09T02:08:37Z

Zhangyn: /* Labs working on this gene */

Please input one-sentence summary here.

==Annotated Information==
===Function===
'''''Tillering and Dwarf 1'''''('''''TAD1'''''), which encodes a co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), a multi-subunit E3 ligase. The protein interacts with moC1, forms a complex with osAPC10 and functions as a co-activator of APC/C to target MoC1 for degradation in a cell-cycle-dependent manner.

''TAD1'' encodes a Cdh1-type activator of APC/C, an ortholog to CCS52A in dicots.During the cell-cycl progression, ''TAD1'' shows an oscillating expression pattern with a higher level in the G1-phase.The ''TAD1''-deduced amino-acid sequence contains several conserved domains, including seven WD repeats, C-box, CSM, RVL and IR motifs.

[[File:Deternination_of_the_interaction_between_TAD1_and_MOC1_by_coimmunoprecipitation_and_BiFC_assays.png]]
Deternination of the interaction between TAD1 and MOC1 by coimmunoprecipitation and BiFC assays.

Sequence analysis revealed that MOC1 harbours a typical D-box at the N-terminal (Fig.a). Therefore, it is very likely that MOC1 and TAD1 directly interact to control rice tillering. MOC1–GFP fusion protein could capture the TAD1–FLAG fusion protein, suggesting an in vivo interaction between MOC1 and TAD1 (Fig.b). Bimolecular fluorescence complementation shown in Fig.c, when the full-length cDNAs of ''TAD1'' and ''MOC1'' were introduced into rice protoplasts simultaneously, the fluorescence signal was detected in the nucleus, indicating that TAD1 can directly interact with MOC1 in the nucleus. Furthermore, when two conserved residues, arginine and leucine, of the D-box at the N-terminal were changed into alanine (Fig.a), the ''MOC1'' protein was unable to interact with TAD1, demonstrating that the D-box is indispensable for the interaction between MOC1 and TAD1 (Fig.c). In addition, a series of truncated ''TAD1'' proteins were generated to determine the domains that are essential for the interaction with MOC1 via the BiFC analysis (Fig.d). The results showed that the N-terminal 203 amino acids of TAD1 are sufficient to interact with MOC1.

[[File:The_APC_C(TAD1)_complex-mediated_degradation_of_MOC1.png]]

OsAPC10 interacts with TAD1 in vivo and their interaction occurs in the nucleus of rice protoplasts. Coexpressed TAD1, MOC1 and OsAPC10 proteins in the rice protoplasts can prove that MOC1 can indeed form a protein complex with TAD1 and OsAPC10 in vivo(Fig.b). Therefore, it is very likely that TAD1 recruits MOC1 to APC/C, and OsAPC10 is also involved in recognizing and targeting MOC1 for further degradation.
TAD1 may recruit MOC1 to APC/C for degradation mainly at the G1-phase Cell division may execute the activation of bud cells. The activity of cell division blocked in the G1-phase possibly accompanies low levels of MOC1 proteins in the dormant tiller buds. Based on the cellcycle profile of bud cells and the function of APC/C TAD1–MOC1, we propose that the APC/CTAD1–MOC1 complex may act locally in tiller buds. During the cell-cycle progression of tiller bud cells, TAD1 is activated in the G1-phase, where it targets MOC1 for degradation to maintain a low level of MOC1. When tiller cells transit into the next phase, the TAD1 level is reduced, which causes MOC1 to accumulate and regain its function in controlling tillering.

===Expression===

[[File:Expression_of_TAD1_during_the_cell-cycle_progression_and_phenotypes_of_TAD1-overexpressing_transgenic_plants.png]]
Expression of TAD1 during the cell-cycle progression and phenotypes of ''TAD1''-overexpressing transgenic plants.

''TAD1'' has an oscillated expression pattern during the cell-cycle progression, showing a higher level in the G1-phase and a lower level in the S- and G2/M-phases. The overexpression of MOC1 resulted in similar phenotypes to that of the tad1mutant plant, such as more tillers and reduced plant height, whereas TAD1-overexpressing transgenic plants showed a reduced tiller number,a similar phenotype to ''moc1''.Real-time PCR analysis showed that ''TAD1''is expressed ubiquitously in the examined rice organs, including roots, shoot apices, axillary buds, internodes, nodes, and young leaves and panicles, but more abundant in young leaves, axillary buds and nodes.The tissue-specific expression pattern of ''TAD1'' was further examined by messenger RNA in situhybridization. ''TAD1'' was predominantly expressed in the leaf primordia and young leaves, tiller buds, inflorescence promordia, and crown root promordia. In addition, ''TAD1'' expression was detected in vascular bundles at the unenlongated stem.

===Evolution===
In animals, in addition to its essential role involved in cell-cycle progression, the APC/C has also been reported recently to target different substrates in non-mitotic cells such as neurons, muscle cells and lens fibre cells. In the ventral nerve cord of ''Caenorhabditis elegans'', the APC/C CDH1 complex regulates synaptic strength by affecting the number of glutamate receptors on the postsynaptic side. In ''Drosophila'', APC/CCdh1 regulates presynaptic organization and synaptic size by targeting liprin-αfor degradation. In mammals, knockdown of ''Cdh1'' leads to increased axon and disrupted axonal patterning. Further studies showed that Cdh1 targets two key development regulators, inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) and the transcription corepressor ski-related novel protein N (SnoN), for degradation in regulating the axonal pattern. In plants, however, whether APC/C CDH1 targets the key regulators of plant development other than conserved cell-cycle regulators is still unknown. MOC1 is the first identified target of Cdh1-type co-activator of APC/C other than cyclins in plants. Loss-of-function of TAD1 disrupts normal plant architecture in rice, which is comparable to the axon phenotypes in mammals.

==References==
Cao Xu;Yonghong Wang;Yanchun Yu;Jingbo Duan;Zhigang Liao;Guosheng Xiong;Xiangbing Meng;Guifu Liu;Qian Qian;Jiayang Li.Degradation of MONOCULM 1 by APC/CTAD1 regulates rice tillering.Nature Communications, 2012, 3: 750
Stegmuller, J. et al.Cell-intrinsic regulation of axonal morphogenesis by the Cdh1-APC target SnoN. Neuron 50,389–400 (2006).
Lasorella, A. et al.Degradation of Id2 by the anaphase-promoting complex couples cell cycle exit and axonal growth. Nature 442,471–474 (2006).

==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
GeneName = Os03g0123300|
Description = Similar to Cell cycle switch protein|
Version = NM_001055339.1 GI:115450406 GeneID:4331448|
Length = 3573 bp|
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os03g0123300, complete gene.|
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group

ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 3|Chromosome 3]]|
AP = Chromosome 3:1305797..1309369|
CDS = 1305822..1306433,1306643..1306765,1306846..1306950,1307352..1307531,1307652..1307714 ,1307815..1308009,1308368..1308469,1308549..1308611,1308709..1308777 ,1308879..1308938|
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
name=NC_008396:1305797..1309369
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage1>|
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
name=NC_008396:1305797..1309369
source=RiceChromosome03
preset=GeneLocation
</gbrowseImage2>|
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggatcaccaccaccaccacctgccgccgccgccgccgcggtcgccgatggagaactccgcgtcctccaagccgcccaccccggcgtccaccccgtcgtcgcgcctcgccgccgcgccgtcctcccgcgtctcctccgcggcgccgcacccctccccgtcctcctccgcgcccacgccggcctcgcggacggtctacagcgaccgcttcatccccagccgcgccggatccaacctcgcgctcttcgacctcgccccgtcgccgtcccaccacgacgccgccgccgccgccgcctcccccggcgcgccgcccccctccggatctaccccggcctcgtcgccctactgcgcgctcctccgcgccgcgctcttcggccccaccacgcccgaccgggtggcgtcgtcggcgtccgcgtgctcctcctcctcctccgccggggcgtcgcccgtgggctcacccgccaccggcaacatattcaggttcaaggcggaggtgccccggaatgctaagcgcgcccttttctccgacggggacgacgagggcgtgctcttccccggggtgttcacgacgaggggcactggccccaggaagatccctaggtcaccttataaggtgctggatgctcccgcattgcaggatgacttctacctgaaccttgtggattggtcttcgcataatatccttgcagttggattggggaattgtgtctacttatggaatgcatgcagcagcaaggtcaccaagctatgtgatttgggggtggatgacaatgtctgttcagtgggttgggcacagcgtggcactcaccttgctgtagggacaaaccaaggcaaagttcaggtatgggatgccactcgttgtaagagaataagaaccatggaaagccatcggatgcgagtaggtgctcttgcatggaattcatcattgctttcgtcaggcagtcgtgacaagagcatccttcaccatgatatccgtgcccaggatgattatattagtagacttgctgggcataaatcggaggtctgtgggctcaagtggtcttatgataaccgtcagcttgcatctggtggtaatgacaacagactttatgtatggaatcaacactcggcgcacccggtactgaagtatactgagcatacagcagctgtcaaagctattgcgtggtcacctcatcttcatgggctgcttgcatctggtggaggaactgcagatagatgcatacgattttggaataccaccacgaatatgcacttaaattgcgtcgacacaggcagtcaggtctgtaatcttgtatggtcaaagaatgttaatgagcttgttagcactcatggatattctcaaaatcagataattgtttggcgatacccaacaatgtcaaagctcgccacattgacaggccatacatatagggtattatatttagccatctccccagatggacagactatagtaactggcgctggtgatgaaacgcttcggttttggaacgtgtttccatctcccaagtcccagagttctgacagcctaagtagcatcggggccacatcatttgttaggagctacatccggtga</cdnaseq>|
AA = <aaseq>MDHHHHHLPPPPPRSPMENSASSKPPTPASTPSSRLAAAPSSRV SSAAPHPSPSSSAPTPASRTVYSDRFIPSRAGSNLALFDLAPSPSHHDAAAAAASPGA PPPSGSTPASSPYCALLRAALFGPTTPDRVASSASACSSSSSAGASPVGSPATGNIFR FKAEVPRNAKRALFSDGDDEGVLFPGVFTTRGTGPRKIPRSPYKVLDAPALQDDFYLN LVDWSSHNILAVGLGNCVYLWNACSSKVTKLCDLGVDDNVCSVGWAQRGTHLAVGTNQ GKVQVWDATRCKRIRTMESHRMRVGALAWNSSLLSSGSRDKSILHHDIRAQDDYISRL AGHKSEVCGLKWSYDNRQLASGGNDNRLYVWNQHSAHPVLKYTEHTAAVKAIAWSPHL HGLLASGGGTADRCIRFWNTTTNMHLNCVDTGSQVCNLVWSKNVNELVSTHGYSQNQI IVWRYPTMSKLATLTGHTYRVLYLAISPDGQTIVTGAGDETLRFWNVFPSPKSQSSDS LSSIGATSFVRSYIR</aaseq>|
DNA = <dnaseqindica>26..637#847..969#1050..1154#1556..1735#1856..1918#2019..2213#2572..2673#2753..2815#2913..2981#3083..3142#atccccaaatctctcgcccccacccatggatcaccaccaccaccacctgccgccgccgccgccgcggtcgccgatggagaactccgcgtcctccaagccgcccaccccggcgtccaccccgtcgtcgcgcctcgccgccgcgccgtcctcccgcgtctcctccgcggcgccgcacccctccccgtcctcctccgcgcccacgccggcctcgcggacggtctacagcgaccgcttcatccccagccgcgccggatccaacctcgcgctcttcgacctcgccccgtcgccgtcccaccacgacgccgccgccgccgccgcctcccccggcgcgccgcccccctccggatctaccccggcctcgtcgccctactgcgcgctcctccgcgccgcgctcttcggccccaccacgcccgaccgggtggcgtcgtcggcgtccgcgtgctcctcctcctcctccgccggggcgtcgcccgtgggctcacccgccaccggcaacatattcaggttcaaggcggaggtgccccggaatgctaagcgcgcccttttctccgacggggacgacgagggcgtgctcttccccggggtgttcacgacgaggggcactggccccaggaagatccctaggtcaccttataaggtgagaagtgttcgccttcgatttcatagtttctttcaattgatatggtctgtttcttgattgatgtttctttgaattgagaaaaacatggtctttattattcatctgctctgtaccaagaatcctgtgttatttgtcatgcataaagagactgatatgaaagcttattactcaaaatctcacatgaattttccttctgttgctcttaggtgctggatgctcccgcattgcaggatgacttctacctgaaccttgtggattggtcttcgcataatatccttgcagttggattggggaattgtgtctacttatggaatgcatgcagcagcaaggtgagccaactgcggccatccatgcgcattcttgtttgggtacttgaagagggtttgtaaagaagtttattgctgtgcaggtcaccaagctatgtgatttgggggtggatgacaatgtctgttcagtgggttgggcacagcgtggcactcaccttgctgtagggacaaaccaaggcaaagttcaggttagacgtatgcccctttctgaaatgatcagataacatagtcatgatccaccaaaatttggaacgatgccttagcttaatctttatctagagtgtcaatggaaacattgagaagtatacaactcacttatggaaagatcagaaaaattgcaatactattaacagtggacctaatttttcgcacaaataatatatgatagacgcagtagagttttatgactaaactgaatgactttcatttttactccaaagaatgaatttggtccattgtaatctctgtttacaaatgtgctgtagtatttgatgattatcgattaatcctgttgagctctgaaattggtatgcaatgctacaatttcaatttggtgtctgactgtcaccttggattttatcttatttaggtatgggatgccactcgttgtaagagaataagaaccatggaaagccatcggatgcgagtaggtgctcttgcatggaattcatcattgctttcgtcaggcagtcgtgacaagagcatccttcaccatgatatccgtgcccaggatgattatattagtagacttgctgggcataaatcggaggtgatctattttatacatcattatgaattttccgacatgtcagattcttggattatcctattgtgctcccttttgatatattcttataatatgcatattctgtttccaaacacctttcaggtctgtgggctcaagtggtcttatgataaccgtcagcttgcatctggtggtaatgacaacagagtaagaatgcatccatgaattgtttcttgattggatcattggtattacatggaattcaaggttgcaatttcttatgtccatatcaatgtctcttttccagctttatgtatggaatcaacactcggcgcacccggtactgaagtatactgagcatacagcagctgtcaaagctattgcgtggtcacctcatcttcatgggctgcttgcatctggtggaggaactgcagatagatgcatacgattttggaataccaccacgaatatgcacttaaattgcgtcgacacaggcagtcaggtattttgctacacatctaatttctttagtgattgtgcagcccatgtttatagttctgaactttaatgaactcttgtttattctatttatagtaccatattaaataccgtggtatatggtatgtgaaataagcatgataactctcaatctttggacgcacttaaaaaattgaacatttctttagtcatgtcagttccgaaaagtaagaaatgtaggctgagctctattttcaatagtgaagttctatttcttgttttcatatctgaaaccttcacagaaatgccatgtcattaagactgtagagttaagcatattgttttttggtatgtactgaggacgctgagtgaatcttgaataggtctgtaatcttgtatggtcaaagaatgttaatgagcttgttagcactcatggatattctcaaaatcagataattgtttggcgatacccaacaatgtcaaaggtatgcttgcaagcttattcttaactcagtacgctttacctttttcttgtattaattgtgctcgatttctcctttgtagctcgccacattgacaggccatacatatagggtattatatttagccatctccccagatggacaggtgaagttatctcttgagtctttgaatctactgaattctgtttattgtatctagaatattttggcatagctgtgtttttgacattttatgtcaacagactatagtaactggcgctggtgatgaaacgcttcggttttggaacgtgtttccatctcccaagtcccaggtaccttttttaaaaatagtataattggtccttatttcaatttgaatgaaatttcactttcatatatagcttctaaataataattggtccttcaattacagagttctgacagcctaagtagcatcggggccacatcatttgttaggagctacatccggtgacactgagatgtggtaatctaataacacttggctcataagtcataacactactgcagcagagtgttgatgatcatcaatatcattccatttgtaccacttgcatcaccagttcatgaaccatcaaacctagccaaattttagagatagtaggatgcagaatggtgaaactggctcgcagacctcggagtggctcatttgctgaatgctgtatatatttattcattggctttgtaggagcgaagatggcaaacactgaccatccgcaatgtaccattgataagttcacggcctcctgtttttgtttttgctgagtcaacttggagctggagctcttatgtataccatgctagggcttaacaacattggccaactcatgatgctcattgcatccaagttggaatatgctaaggaagctggagaatttctggtgc</dnaseqindica>|
Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001055339.1 RefSeq:Os03g0123300]|
}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
[[Category:Japonica Genes]]
[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 3]]
[[Category:Chromosome 3]]