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Figure 6. Pollen viability of OsRad21-4-deficient lines was severely affected. Intact anthers in wild type (A) and deficient lines (B) were stained with TTC solution and spread gently, showing that the deficient-line anthers contained a decreased amount of pollen grains as compared with wild type anthers. Viability of mature pollen grains in wild type (C and E) and deficient lines (D and F) were examined on I -KI (C and D) or TTC (E and F) staining. Pollen grains filled with starch granule showed dark blue, but those with little or no starch showed weak yellow during I 2 -KI staining. Viable pollen grains showed red, with yellow for nonviable ones in TTC staining. Scale bars in (A) = 250 lm for (A) and (B), and in (C) =80 lm for (C)–(F).