Os02g0813500 - Revision history

192.168.72.52 at 06:54, 14 May 2015

2015-05-14T06:54:06Z

Huangxiuting: /* References */

2014-06-07T13:01:30Z

‎References

Huangxiuting: /* Labs working on this gene */

2014-06-07T13:01:10Z

‎Labs working on this gene

Huangxiuting: /* Evolution */

2014-06-07T13:00:34Z

‎Evolution

Huangxiuting: /* Expression */

2014-06-07T13:00:06Z

‎Expression

Huangxiuting: /* Function */

2014-06-07T12:59:44Z

‎Function

Huangxiuting: /* Expression */

2014-06-07T12:58:41Z

‎Expression

Huangxiuting: /* Function */

2014-06-07T12:57:35Z

‎Function

Huangxiuting: /* Function */

2014-06-07T12:54:43Z

‎Function

Huangxiuting: /* Function */

2014-06-07T12:53:34Z

‎Function

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:54, 14 May 2015
Line 54:		Line 54:

	==Structured Information==		==Structured Information==
−	~~{{JaponicaGene\|~~	+	[[Category:Genes]][[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]][[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]
−	~~GeneName = Os02g0813500\|~~
−	~~Description = Glutathione reductase, cytosolic (EC 1.8.1.7) (GR) (GRase)\|~~
−	~~Version = NM_001055020.1 GI:115449516 GeneID:4331112\|~~
−	~~Length = 5983 bp\|~~
−	~~Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os02g0813500, complete gene.\|~~
−	~~Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group~~
−
−	~~ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group~~
−	~~Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;~~
−	~~Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP~~
−	~~clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.~~
−	\|
−	~~Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 2\|Chromosome 2]]\|~~
−	~~AP = Chromosome 2:35724714..35730696\|~~
−	CDS = 35725003..35725143,35725246..35725310,35725464..35725533,35725867..35725938,35726036..35726239<br>,35727161..35727234,35727333..35727416,35727950..35728037,35728131..35728212<br>,35728546..35728619,35728842..35728949,35729051..35729115,35729685..35729798<br>,35730012..35730111,35730208..35730261,35730340..35730435\|
−	~~GCID = <gbrowseImage1>~~
−	~~name=NC_008395:35724714..35730696~~
−	~~source=RiceChromosome02~~
−	~~preset=GeneLocation~~
−	~~</gbrowseImage1>\|~~
−	~~GSID = <gbrowseImage2>~~
−	~~name=NC_008395:35724714..35730696~~
−	~~source=RiceChromosome02~~
−	~~preset=GeneLocation~~
−	~~</gbrowseImage2>\|~~
−	CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggctaggaagatgctcaaggacgaggaggtggaggtggccgtcaccgacggcgggagctacgactacgacctgttcgtgatcggcgccgggagcggcggcgtccggggctctcgcacctccgcgtccttcggggctaaggttgcgatttgcgagctcccgttccatcccatcagctcggattggcaaggagggcatggtgggacgtgtgtgatacgtggttgtgtgcctaaaaagatactggtgtatggttcatctttccgcggagaatttgaggatgcaaagaattttgggtgggaaatcaatggggacattaacttcaactggaaaaggctgctggaaaataagactcaagaaattgttagactaaatggagtataccagaggattcttggcaattctggtgtgacaatgattgaaggggcaggcagtttggttgatgctcatacagttgaagtcacaaagccagatggttcaaagcaaagatatacagcaaagcacatattgatagcaactggtagccgagctcaacgtgtcaacattcctgggaaggagttagctattacttcagatgaggccttaagtttggaggagctaccaaaacgtgctgtaatccttggtggcggatatattgctgttgaatttgcttctatatggaaagggatgggtgcgcacgtagacttgttttatcgaaaagagcttcctctaagaggtttcgatgatgagatgaggacggttgttgcaagtaaccttgagggaaggggaatcagattacatccagggacaaatctatctgagttgagtaaaacagccgatggcataaaagttgtcactgacaaaggagaggagatcattgcagatgttgttctgtttgctacaggtcgcacaccaaactcccagaggttgaacttggaagctgctggtgttgaagttgataatattggagctataaaggttgatgattattctcgtacatcagtcccaaatatatgggctgtgggtgatgtaacgaaccggataaatttaacacctgttgcactgatggaggctacctgcttttctaaaactgtgtttggtggccagccaactaaacctgattacagagatgtaccttgtgctgttttctccatcccaccactatcagtagtgggcttgagtgaacagcaggctttggaggaagccaagagcgatgttcttgtttacacttccagcttcaacccaatgaagaacagcatatccaaacggcaggagaagaccgtcatgaaactggtggttgattcagagactgataaagtacttggtgcatcaatgtgtggaccagatgcaccagagattatccagggtatggctgtagcgctgaagtgtggagccaccaaggcgacctttgacagcactgttggtattcacccgtctgctgctgaagagtttgtgacaatgcggaccttgaccaggcgcgtgagcccatcatccaagccaaagacaaacttgtag</cdnaseq>\|
−	AA = <aaseq>MARKMLKDEEVEVAVTDGGSYDYDLFVIGAGSGGVRGSRTSASF GAKVAICELPFHPISSDWQGGHGGTCVIRGCVPKKILVYGSSFRGEFEDAKNFGWEIN GDINFNWKRLLENKTQEIVRLNGVYQRILGNSGVTMIEGAGSLVDAHTVEVTKPDGSK QRYTAKHILIATGSRAQRVNIPGKELAITSDEALSLEELPKRAVILGGGYIAVEFASI WKGMGAHVDLFYRKELPLRGFDDEMRTVVASNLEGRGIRLHPGTNLSELSKTADGIKV VTDKGEEIIADVVLFATGRTPNSQRLNLEAAGVEVDNIGAIKVDDYSRTSVPNIWAVG DVTNRINLTPVALMEATCFSKTVFGGQPTKPDYRDVPCAVFSIPPLSVVGLSEQQALE EAKSDVLVYTSSFNPMKNSISKRQEKTVMKLVVDSETDKVLGASMCGPDAPEIIQGMA VALKCGATKATFDSTVGIHPSAAEEFVTMRTLTRRVSPSSKPKTNL</aaseq>\|
−	DNA = <dnaseqindica>290..430#533..597#751..820#1154..1225#1323..1526#2448..2521#2620..2703#3237..3324#3418..3499#3833..3906#4129..4236#4338..4402#4972..5085#5299..5398#5495..5548#5627..5722#agaaacagatccaaccaattcgctcgcttaagccgccggcaaatcaacccaaccccaaggtacggtgctcacttctctctcttctcctttcctttttttttggttgtttttagcggtggattttgggctccacgcgcgtcgcggggcggcaatcgcgtctcatcaagtgattcctcgcgctaaagttcatcggatttggattgcaagttgttgtcaatctcaggaggggctctgtttctctctgttgtgcgtgtgcgcgttagggtttttcgtgtggtgttgaggatccatggctaggaagatgctcaaggacgaggaggtggaggtggccgtcaccgacggcgggagctacgactacgacctgttcgtgatcggcgccgggagcggcggcgtccggggctctcgcacctccgcgtccttcggggctaaggtttgacttttctcctctcccccgctccccatttttgcgaggaaacgtgttggatttttattttttttcgtgtgatttgattcggtgtgtggcgcggttcaggttgcgatttgcgagctcccgttccatcccatcagctcggattggcaaggagggcatggtgggacgtaagcatctgccgattacttgtctgcgtttacatttctgtcgttgaatgcttgattatgatttaaaccaactctcctcatcccctgggtgagaatgtgagatgttgctgcatcctaaaacccgcatgctcattattgtacatgttgtgctaggtgtgtgatacgtggttgtgtgcctaaaaagatactggtgtatggttcatctttccgcggagaatttgaggtaactgatcttactaacttatggagccaactattacttgtttgaaaaacaagttggaagcattgtgtttaggttcaatgtgctgtggcttgctgaattatgttcctttactcaatttttgcaaaatttgctaagccttacagcctccatccttgatcaacagttcatcattctgcgtactgacttgaaatccaataacctatccatttgagagcttgttatcatctttttatacaaactatttcatttagcttgcttgcatctttgtgagtacatgtactgaagtgtcattctggggtgcttattggaattgctactgttgtatgattgcaggatgcaaagaattttgggtgggaaatcaatggggacattaacttcaactggaaaaggctgctggaaaataaggtcagagccgcaaccttggttgggagaacgttcctgcattattatttgctcgttataaatgcttacaacccaatattgtaaaaaccgttctctgcagactcaagaaattgttagactaaatggagtataccagaggattcttggcaattctggtgtgacaatgattgaaggggcaggcagtttggttgatgctcatacagttgaagtcacaaagccagatggttcaaagcaaagatatacagcaaagcacatattgatagcaactggtagccgagctcaacgtgtcaacattcctgggaaggtaacaaaattctctgccagcctttgcaaacttgtttcttatgtctggcaagtagttaatagcattgttacttgtttgacaacttctttatattccccaacttttgtgcctgaaacctttggattgacctcgtgatgctgatttccatgccatcttctgtatttgttgtgatactgttgcacatcaataattatttgtgatagccagtttgatatggctgaacttttagggttaatcccctttagatatttcttattacttgacccaaaatacaatactccctctattccataatataaggcacaactactttttaaagctgttccataatataaggcatacatgcatgcatgccattaactaacacatattctccactaaaatattattatttaaattctccactatcaagatctctaattttattgggtgcatgtattacatttattagattaatctaaactatgaggtgattgaaggtggttgtgccttatattttggaatggagggagtactaggctacctttatatactgaggtgcctctagataagggaaacggatacaaactattaacctgatactactaggactcttataacaaaactatgaaactctgataaggagcttattaggactttccaactgctgaagcacttgccaaatctgacttatctctattacgccgccgctgatatactataccataacgtccagccatgacacagttggtgtggatttgacattacaagacttcctttgagccagttcaagagggacaaagcattatctttaatccaacaaattatacttagccatatatatgtgctggttacatcactgattttcttttccctttagtttttttttaaatgtcctttggtgtattattttggctgacactgataagaacccgcttgcaggagttagctattacttcagatgaggccttaagtttggaggagctaccaaaacgtgctgtaatccttggtggcgggtatgtctacactctagggtgcatttatgtactatatattgttatgtcattccaactatctcagacttgcatttgttcatgtggtggctatattgcagatatattgctgttgaatttgcttctatatggaaagggatgggtgcgcacgtagacttgttttatcgaaaagagcttcctctaaggtatttattataatctgttatctgcactgtgacctccagatatttaaaattgtacaccaaaacaatttactgctcagtatcagaaaaaagaacatcaatgtagcttctgtagttgcagtttttatgtcataatgtggctagagttgatagcatggttttctagtctaactgaagcttttggtcttgttttcagggctcagtcatgtgccactttagttactgtcctattttgacaatcttaattttttgccaaccctggtggttaatactacttgatcttctcgttttgtacattgatgcaatttattttctgaacattttttttgcaatatcatcaacctacaatgaaaacatggatgatgaaactagttatcagataaaacgatgcgattgcgaagcctggaccatgctatctgaacaactgaataatgattatggagaaagaatgccaatgtcatttttattagccaaaatttcaagctattgattacggttctatccaccatgattaatggcgaattgactaattgcagaggtttcgatgatgagatgaggacggttgttgcaagtaaccttgagggaaggggaatcagattacatccagggacaaatctatctgaggtgagttaagctgacatcctaaagtgcattttgattcccatgtgttctgttttcacgataggttttgatctgtttcttttttatgtaaaccagttgagtaaaacagccgatggcataaaagttgtcactgacaaaggagaggagatcattgcagatgttgttctgtttgctacaggtatttaggatagttcaatgctgaaagttatgttctctgtcactttaataatttctttgaatacatctctcttgatgactgttctgtgctggatgaaaaaaaatcatgtatcttctgatatttcacatggtcaagcaccatatgcatgtttgaaattgatcaatgtcatcctcacaacatttttttttatctcttgttgttgggaattgagatgctcaatatgagacattctacttttcacactatatttggaatgtggcatttatcctgattttcttttctttgaaggaaactttaatattgttgctatgcctggtatttaattgcgtgcaggtcgcacaccaaactcccagaggttgaacttggaagctgctggtgttgaagttgataatattggagctataaaggttgattttcttgccttattaattgaacccttacctgttaggctgttagcttgctgaagacatatttgttcatctgaaatttacttctcgtatttccttggagaaaacttacgcgtgaacctatgtgagaccatcttaggcatttaattggccattatctttgtatgatattctttgagactacaagtaatttgtgttgtttattcaatgttctatttttaggttgatgattattctcgtacatcagtcccaaatatatgggctgtgggtgatgtaacgaaccggataaatttaacacctgttgcactgatggaggctacctgcttttctgtaagtgactacagtgactcataatccccttgtaaattgggtgtgttcaaatttctttgtttctgtgtaaccagcaactttactttaatctttaattgcagaaaactgtgtttggtggccagccaactaaacctgattacagagatgtaccttgtgctgttttctcgtaagccaataaaccttgattgttctctgttatctccagtttttgtttttaactgaaacaagtagcatctacaagatggccacatatatacttcacaactctttgcttttgacactttcggtgaggcacactgtggtttggttttcttgtctgcacttcgaatgtttatttgcttagatcttagcagtgaaagagagtagcatgacgtgatatagggtaacttttctattcttccaggtttgactgagcagcatgaaacttgtgtgcggttgttatgctggatgtttcttaattctaattgatgcctatgtagtttagggtacattaggaagtaagcaacaattaaattctacattaacaaaacatggactagaatctagatagaaaaaaaattagtcatttcaatagacaagatctaaggatccttcactagtgatttttgcttttgccagtgcttctaccaatctattattcagtgcatttatggctgctgctgctttctttagattatctgcttttccacaatcatcgtgtcactcataacatggtttctttttttgttgaattagcatcccaccactatcagtagtgggcttgagtgaacagcaggctttggaggaagccaagagcgatgttcttgtttacacttccagcttcaacccaatgaagaacagcatatccaagtaagtatcatgtttattgcaagatcatctgttacgtcatagttacacctgactcctgagtgctttatcacttgaaggttctgggtatttcattattttcacttgtcatggtctcatggaccataaacattctagtaatggagcctatcagtgtcgtcattctttatagttcctgttctggtgaagtttcctgactcggctcactttttttagacggcaggagaagaccgtcatgaaactggtggttgattcagagactgataaagtacttggtgcatcaatgtgtggaccagatgcaccagagattatccaggtaagcaaagtttgtgtgtttatttcacacacaaaaaaatcgtggcattttccagtcttcactagtattttgcacctgactttccaccaattgcagggtatggctgtagcgctgaagtgtggagccaccaaggcgacctttgacagcactgtacgtggacacaacaataaaccagttgttaatatcatttggcactcgagtttctaatattatccattggctttgcaggttggtattcacccgtctgctgctgaagagtttgtgacaatgcggaccttgaccaggcgcgtgagcccatcatccaagccaaagacaaacttgtaggcaagatgagtaattttggataaagaaacatatatacccgttttgatttatattttgtggcaaagtgtactctggtttgcatctggtaatttcacgttagggattctacctggaacggtaaaaaggagacaatgtatacttgattgaaataaggtttctgcatatcagcctgtacagagagtaaaacttctgcgtttttctgatccaaataagcgggcgggacatcattcgttctgcctgcagacaaactctctgaatatc</dnaseqindica>\|
−	~~Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001055020.1 RefSeq:Os02g0813500]\|~~
−	}}
−	[[Category:Genes]]
−	~~[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]~~
−	[[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]]
−	[[Category:Japonica ~~Genes]]~~
−	~~[[Category:Japonica Chromosome 2]]~~
−	~~[[Category:~~Chromosome 2]]

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 ==References==
-Please input cited references here.
 [1]Hong C, Chao Y, Yang M, et al. NaCl-induced expression of glutathione reductase in roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings is mediated through hydrogen peroxide but not abscisic acid. Plant Soil. 2009, 320: 103-115.

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 ==Labs working on this gene==
-Please input related labs here.
 Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:00, 7 June 2014
Line 23:		Line 23:

	===Evolution===		===Evolution===
−	~~Please input evolution information here.~~

	You can also add sub-section(s) at will.		You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:00, 7 June 2014
Line 20:		Line 20:

	===Expression===		===Expression===
−	~~Please input expression information here.~~
	The cDNA of OsGR2 was firstly isolated in 1998 and was named RGRC2. Subcellular fractionation showed that the RGRC2 protein is localized primarily in cytosol. mRNA and protein of RGRC2 were observed mainly in roots and calli but little in leaf tissues[4]. The RGRC2 gene is split into 16 exons spread about 7.4 kb of chromosomal DNA, with coding sequence beginning in the 2nd exon and ending in the 16th exon. RGRC2 is 1,822 bp in length and has an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 496 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 53,506 [4].[[File:OsGR2 Fig.5.png\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Fig. 5 Multiple alignment of a rice glutathione reductase (GR) and the other plant GRs [4].]]		The cDNA of OsGR2 was firstly isolated in 1998 and was named RGRC2. Subcellular fractionation showed that the RGRC2 protein is localized primarily in cytosol. mRNA and protein of RGRC2 were observed mainly in roots and calli but little in leaf tissues[4]. The RGRC2 gene is split into 16 exons spread about 7.4 kb of chromosomal DNA, with coding sequence beginning in the 2nd exon and ending in the 16th exon. RGRC2 is 1,822 bp in length and has an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 496 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 53,506 [4].[[File:OsGR2 Fig.5.png\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Fig. 5 Multiple alignment of a rice glutathione reductase (GR) and the other plant GRs [4].]]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Annotated Information==
 ===Function===
 [[File:OsGR2 Fig.01.png|right|thumb|200px|Fig. 1 Changes of GR activity in rice roots in the presence or absence of NaCl [1].]]

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 ===Expression===
 Please input expression information here.
-The cDNA of OsGR2 was firstly isolated in 1998 and was named RGRC2. Subcellular fractionation showed that the RGRC2 protein is localized primarily in cytosol. mRNA and protein of RGRC2 were observed mainly in roots and calli but little in leaf tissues[4]. The RGRC2 gene is split into 16 exons spread about 7.4 kb of chromosomal DNA, with coding sequence beginning in the 2nd exon and ending in the 16th exon. RGRC2 is 1,822 bp in length and has an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 496 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 53,506[4].[[File:OsGR2 Fig.5.png|right|thumb|250px|Fig. 5 Multiple alignment of a rice glutathione reductase (GR) and the other plant GRs [4].]]
+The cDNA of OsGR2 was firstly isolated in 1998 and was named RGRC2. Subcellular fractionation showed that the RGRC2 protein is localized primarily in cytosol. mRNA and protein of RGRC2 were observed mainly in roots and calli but little in leaf tissues[4]. The RGRC2 gene is split into 16 exons spread about 7.4 kb of chromosomal DNA, with coding sequence beginning in the 2nd exon and ending in the 16th exon. RGRC2 is 1,822 bp in length and has an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 496 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 53,506 [4].[[File:OsGR2 Fig.5.png|right|thumb|200px|Fig. 5 Multiple alignment of a rice glutathione reductase (GR) and the other plant GRs [4].]]
 ===Evolution===

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 The gene Os02g0813500 encodes a glutathione reductase named OsGR2. Glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH with the accompanying oxidation of NADPH. GR is thought to be an important component of the glutathione ascorbate cycle, the main mechanism for the detoxification of ROS in plant.
-In plants, GR is located in different cellular compartments. Three genes encoding GR have been described for Oryza sativa: a cytosolic (OsGR2) and two chloroplastic isoforms (OsGR1 and OsGR3).OsGR1, OsGR2 and OsGR3 are located on chromosomes 3, 2, and 10, respectively [1].The expression of OsGR genes is influenced by abiotic and biotic stresses known to increase ROS production: drought/desiccation, salinity, chilling, cadmium, powdery mildew and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment [2]. Changes in enzymatic activity of GR have been positively associated with salt stress tolerance in rice. NaCl treatment could induce H2O2 production in rice roots, and H2O2 treatment resulted in enhanced OsGR2 and OsGR3 induction. H2O2 is involved in regulation of OsGR2 and OsGR3 expression in NaCl treated rice roots [1].Both heat shock (HS) and cadmium( Cd) can increase H2O2 content. HS and Cd treatments increased activities of GR in rice leaves through increasing the content of H2O2. Cd did not increase the expression of OsAPX (ascorbate peroxidase) and OsGR without HS treatment [3].
+In plants, GR is located in different cellular compartments. Three genes encoding GR have been described for Oryza sativa: a cytosolic (OsGR2) and two chloroplastic isoforms (OsGR1 and OsGR3).OsGR1, OsGR2 and OsGR3 are located on chromosomes 3, 2, and 10, respectively [1].The expression of OsGR genes is influenced by abiotic and biotic stresses known to increase ROS production: drought/desiccation, salinity, chilling, cadmium, powdery mildew and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment [2].
 ===Expression===

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 [[File:OsGR2 Fig.03.png|right|thumb|200px|Fig. 3 Changes in H2O2 production in rice roots treated with or without NaCl [1].]]
-[[File:OsGR2 Fig.03.png|right|thumb|200px|Fig. 4 Effect of NaCl and H2O2 on mRNA levels for OsGR in roots of rice seedlings [1].]]
+[[File:OsGR2 Fig.04.png|right|thumb|200px|Fig. 4 Effect of NaCl and H2O2 on mRNA levels for OsGR in roots of rice seedlings [1].]]
 The gene Os02g0813500 encodes a glutathione reductase named OsGR2. Glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH with the accompanying oxidation of NADPH. GR is thought to be an important component of the glutathione ascorbate cycle, the main mechanism for the detoxification of ROS in plant.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 Please input function information here.
-[[File:OsGR2 Fig.01.png|right|thumb|300px|Fig. 1 Changes of GR activity in rice roots in the presence or absence of NaCl [1].]]
+[[File:OsGR2 Fig.01.png|right|thumb|200px|Fig. 1 Changes of GR activity in rice roots in the presence or absence of NaCl [1].]]
-[[File:OsGR2 Fig.02.png|right|thumb|300px|Fig. 2 Changes in mRNA levels of OsGR genes in rice roots in the presence or absence of NaCl [1].]]
+[[File:OsGR2 Fig.02.png|right|thumb|200px|Fig. 2 Changes in mRNA levels of OsGR genes in rice roots in the presence or absence of NaCl [1].]]
-[[File:OsGR2 Fig.03.png|right|thumb|300px|Fig. 3 Changes in H2O2 production in rice roots treated with or without NaCl [1].]]
+[[File:OsGR2 Fig.03.png|right|thumb|200px|Fig. 3 Changes in H2O2 production in rice roots treated with or without NaCl [1].]]
 The gene Os02g0813500 encodes a glutathione reductase named OsGR2. Glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH with the accompanying oxidation of NADPH. GR is thought to be an important component of the glutathione ascorbate cycle, the main mechanism for the detoxification of ROS in plant.