Os04g0169100 - Revision history

Liman: /* Function */

2016-09-09T12:25:02Z

‎Function

Liman: /* References */

2016-09-09T12:11:55Z

‎References

Liman at 12:08, 9 September 2016

2016-09-09T12:08:01Z

Liman: /* Overexpression */

2016-09-09T12:06:29Z

‎Overexpression

Liman: /* Mutation */

2016-09-09T11:40:16Z

‎Mutation

Liman: /* Annotated Information */

2016-09-09T11:38:15Z

‎Annotated Information

Liman: /* Evolution */

2016-09-09T11:20:49Z

‎Evolution

Liman: /* Function */

2016-09-09T11:16:49Z

‎Function

Liman: /* Labs working on this gene */

2016-09-09T11:09:47Z

‎Labs working on this gene

Liman: /* References */

2016-09-09T11:09:15Z

‎References

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:25, 9 September 2016
Line 5:		Line 5:
	* In rice, ETR2 reduces ethylene sensitivity, delays the transition fromthe vegetative stage to the floral stage, and affects starch accumulation.		* In rice, ETR2 reduces ethylene sensitivity, delays the transition fromthe vegetative stage to the floral stage, and affects starch accumulation.

		+	* ETR2 is a Ser/Thr kinase that can phosphorylate its own receiver domain and an in vitro substrate MBP. Complete abolishment of ETR2 kinase activity by N box mutation suggests that the N box is the most important motif for ETR2 function. Overexpression of ETR2 leads to reduced ethylene sensitivity and late flowering, whereas T-DNA insertion mutant etr2 showed enhanced ethylene sensitivity and early flowering. Other yield-related traits, starch accumulation, and gene expressions were also affected by ETR2 overexpression or reduction. This study reveals conserved and diverged aspects in ethylene receptor signaling between the monocotyledous rice plant and dicotyledonous plant.

	===Mutation===		===Mutation===

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 Wuriyanghan H, Zhang B, Cao WH, Ma B, Lei G, Liu YF, Wei W, Wu HJ, Chen LJ, Chen HW, Cao YR, He SJ, Zhang WK, Wang XJ, Chen SY, Zhang JS. The ethylene receptor ETR2 delays floral transition and affects starch accumulation in rice. Plant Cell. 2009 May;21(5):1473-94. doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.065391. Epub 2009 May 5. PubMed PMID: 19417056; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2700534.
 </ref>
 </references>
 ==Structured Information==
       [[Category:Genes]][[Category:Oryza Sativa Japonica Group]][[Category:Japonica Chromosome 4]]

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 * The mutants were grown under field conditions to observe the effect of reducing expression of the receptor. We found that etr2 and etr3 developed panicles earlier than ZH control plants (Figure 2A). During the heading period, etr2 and etr3 plants showed early heading panicles compared with ZH controls (Figure 2B). The heading time distribution of these mutants was also analyzed. The etr2 mutant showed a 3-d early heading, whereas the etr3 had a 7-d early heading compared with ZH control plants (Figure 2C). These results indicate that reduction of ethylene receptor gene expression leads to early flowering. Since overexpression of ETR2 causes starch accumulation in stems, the researchers examined whether reduction of ETR2 and ETR3 gene expression would affect starch accumulation. In both the etr2 and etr3 mutants, starch granules were almost absent in stems (Figure 2D). However, in the ZH control, starch granules were still abundant (Figure 2D). These results indicate that reduction of ethylene receptor gene expression causes disappearance of starch granules. The seed phenotypes were compared, and the etr2 and etr3 mutant seeds appeared slightly larger than those of the ZH controls and ers2 (Figure 2E). The thousand-seed weight was also examined, and etr2 seeds had significantly higher thousandseed weight than ZH control (Figure 2E). The researcers examined whether other genes were altered in the SAM of the three mutant rice plants. Both OsGI and RCN1 expression were reduced in the three mutants compared with the ZH controls (Figure 2F). By contrast, RAmy3D and monosaccharide transporter gene expression were upregulated in the three mutants compared with the ZH control (Figure 2F). These results indicate that suppression of ethylene receptor gene expression in T-DNA insertion mutants leads to inhibition of OsGI and RCN1 but upregulation of RAmy3D and the monosaccharide transporter gene.
 ===Expression===
@@ Line 25: / Line 27: @@
 ===Evolution===
-* The rice ETR2 kinase domain was compared with those from other ethylene receptors or homologs (Figure 1). Alignment of the amino acid sequences of the ethylene receptor kinase domains of various ethylene recpetors. The positions of the H, N, G1, F, and G2 box are indicated on top of the sequence based on the corresponding boxes from Arabidopsis ETR1. The amino acids shaded in black are identical to each other. Five mutated amino acids (G to A, E to Q, R to Q, F to A, and G to A) upstream of and within the N box are also indicated, and the mutated protein N was used for kinase analysis in Figure 2. At ETR1, At ETR2, and At EIN4 are from Arabidopsis. NTHK1 and NTHK2 are from tobacco. Zm ETR2 is from maize. The Os ETR2/Os PK1, Os ETR3/Os PK2, and Os ETR4/Os PK3 receptors are from rice.
+* The rice ETR2 kinase domain was compared with those from other ethylene receptors or homologs (Figure 3). Alignment of the amino acid sequences of the ethylene receptor kinase domains of various ethylene recpetors. The positions of the H, N, G1, F, and G2 box are indicated on top of the sequence based on the corresponding boxes from Arabidopsis ETR1. The amino acids shaded in black are identical to each other. Five mutated amino acids (G to A, E to Q, R to Q, F to A, and G to A) upstream of and within the N box are also indicated, and the mutated protein N was used for kinase analysis. At ETR1, At ETR2, and At EIN4 are from Arabidopsis. NTHK1 and NTHK2 are from tobacco. Zm ETR2 is from maize. The Os ETR2/Os PK1, Os ETR3/Os PK2, and Os ETR4/Os PK3 receptors are from rice.
-[[File:Os04g0169100-1.png|center|thumb|400px|'''Figure 1. Alignment of the Amino Acid Sequence of the Kinase Domain with That of Other Ethylene Receptors.''' '' <ref name="ref1" />.'']]
+[[File:Os04g0169100-1.png|center|thumb|400px|'''Figure 3. Alignment of the Amino Acid Sequence of the Kinase Domain with That of Other Ethylene Receptors.''' '' <ref name="ref1" />.'']]
 ==Labs working on this gene==

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
-===Overexpression===
+===Mutation===
-* To study the roles of ETR2 in rice growth and development, we made two constructs, pBIN438-OsETR2 and pZH01-OsETR2- RNAi, and transferred them into rice (TP309) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation. The pBIN438-OsETR2 construct harbored the full-length genomic gene of ETR2 under the control of the double 35S promoter with an enhancer. The pZH01-OsETR2-RNAi construct contained two inverted repeats of the partial ETR2 gene and was used for inhibiting ETR2 gene expression (Figure 3A). Forty-one T0 overexpression lines and 20 T0 RNAi lines were obtained.
+[[File:Os04g0169100-2.png|center|thumb|400px|'''Figure 1. Identification of T-DNA Insertion Mutants and Their Ethylene Sensitivity.
+(A) Schematic representation of T-DNA insertions in ETR2, ETR3, and ERS2 genomic sequences and PCR identification of mutants. The etr2, etr3, and
-* The researchers analyzed the response of the transgenic seedlings upon 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-caroxylic acid (ACC; ethylene biosynthesis precursor) treatment. Root growth of etiolated wild-type rice seedlings (wild type) was inhibited in response to increasing concentrations of ACC, whereas shoot growth was not significantly affected (Figure 3C). In the four lines overexpressing ETR2, root lengths were only mslightly reduced upon ACC treatment compared with the corresponding wild-type controls (Figure 3C, top and bottom left panels). In the two RNAi lines with reduced ETR2 expression, root lengths were similar to that of the wild-type plants in response to ACC treatment (Figure 3C, top and bottom right panels). Shoot lengths of the overexpression lines and the RNAi lines were not significantly different from those of the wild-type controls (Figure 3C, top panels). These results indicate that rice roots are more sensitive to ACC treatment than are rice shoots and that overexpression of ETR2 conferred reduced ethylene sensitivity in transgenic rice plants. Partial reduction of the ETR2 level had limited effects on ethylene sensitivity.
+ers2 are mutant plants for ETR2, ETR3, and ERS2, respectively. ZH (Zhong Hua 11) is the parental control plant. ZH/etr3 and ZH/ers2 are heterozygous
-* The researchers examined the sensitivity of the transgenic rice plants to ethylene by testing for the promotion of coleoptile growth. At higher ethylene concentrations (50 ppm), the transgenic plants overexpressing ETR2 exhibited significantly shorter coleoptiles than wild-type plants (Figure 3D), indicating that overexpression of ETR2 conferred reduced ethylene sensitivity in the regulation of coleoptile growth. The RNAi plants showed no significant changes in coleoptile length in comparison with the wild-type plants.
+plants. p1 and p2 are primers from the T-DNA regions. The 59- and 39-primers are from the genes examined. ATG indicates the start codon.
-[[File:Os04g0169100-2.png|center|thumb|400px|'''Figure 3. Ethylene Sensitivity of ETR2 Transgenic Rice Plants.''' '' <ref name="ref1" />.'']]
+* The mutants were grown under field conditions to observe the effect of reducing expression of the receptor. We found that etr2 and etr3 developed panicles earlier than ZH control plants (Figure 2A). During the heading period, etr2 and etr3 plants showed early heading panicles compared with ZH controls (Figure 2B). The heading time distribution of these mutants was also analyzed. The etr2 mutant showed a 3-d early heading, whereas the etr3 had a 7-d early heading compared with ZH control plants (Figure 2C). These results indicate that reduction of ethylene receptor gene expression leads to early flowering. Since overexpression of ETR2 causes starch accumulation in stems, the researchers examined whether reduction of ETR2 and ETR3 gene expression would affect starch accumulation. In both the etr2 and etr3 mutants, starch granules were almost absent in stems (Figure 2D). However, in the ZH control, starch granules were still abundant (Figure 2D). These results indicate that reduction of ethylene receptor gene expression causes disappearance of starch granules. The seed phenotypes were compared, and the etr2 and etr3 mutant seeds appeared slightly larger than those of the ZH controls and ers2 (Figure 2E). The thousand-seed weight was also examined, and etr2 seeds had significantly higher thousandseed weight than ZH control (Figure 2E). The researcers examined whether other genes were altered in the SAM of the three mutant rice plants. Both OsGI and RCN1 expression were reduced in the three mutants compared with the ZH controls (Figure 2F). By contrast, RAmy3D and monosaccharide transporter gene expression were upregulated in the three mutants compared with the ZH control (Figure 2F). These results indicate that suppression of ethylene receptor gene expression in T-DNA insertion mutants leads to inhibition of OsGI and RCN1 but upregulation of RAmy3D and the monosaccharide transporter gene.
 ===Expression===

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:40, 9 September 2016
Line 6:		Line 6:


−	===~~Mutation~~===	+	===Overexpression===

	* To study the roles of ETR2 in rice growth and development, we made two constructs, pBIN438-OsETR2 and pZH01-OsETR2- RNAi, and transferred them into rice (TP309) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation. The pBIN438-OsETR2 construct harbored the full-length genomic gene of ETR2 under the control of the double 35S promoter with an enhancer. The pZH01-OsETR2-RNAi construct contained two inverted repeats of the partial ETR2 gene and was used for inhibiting ETR2 gene expression (Figure 3A). Forty-one T0 overexpression lines and 20 T0 RNAi lines were obtained.		* To study the roles of ETR2 in rice growth and development, we made two constructs, pBIN438-OsETR2 and pZH01-OsETR2- RNAi, and transferred them into rice (TP309) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation. The pBIN438-OsETR2 construct harbored the full-length genomic gene of ETR2 under the control of the double 35S promoter with an enhancer. The pZH01-OsETR2-RNAi construct contained two inverted repeats of the partial ETR2 gene and was used for inhibiting ETR2 gene expression (Figure 3A). Forty-one T0 overexpression lines and 20 T0 RNAi lines were obtained.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ===Function===
 * In rice, ETR2 reduces ethylene sensitivity, delays the transition fromthe vegetative stage to the floral stage, and affects starch accumulation.
 ===Expression===
@@ Line 11: / Line 21: @@
 * The rice ETR2 kinase domain was compared with those from other ethylene receptors or homologs (Figure 1). Alignment of the amino acid sequences of the ethylene receptor kinase domains of various ethylene recpetors. The positions of the H, N, G1, F, and G2 box are indicated on top of the sequence based on the corresponding boxes from Arabidopsis ETR1. The amino acids shaded in black are identical to each other. Five mutated amino acids (G to A, E to Q, R to Q, F to A, and G to A) upstream of and within the N box are also indicated, and the mutated protein N was used for kinase analysis in Figure 2. At ETR1, At ETR2, and At EIN4 are from Arabidopsis. NTHK1 and NTHK2 are from tobacco. Zm ETR2 is from maize. The Os ETR2/Os PK1, Os ETR3/Os PK2, and Os ETR4/Os PK3 receptors are from rice.
-[[File:.png|center|thumb|400px|'''Figure 1. Alignment of the Amino Acid Sequence of the Kinase Domain with That of Other Ethylene Receptors.''' '' <ref name="ref1" />.'']]
+[[File:Os04g0169100-1.png|center|thumb|400px|'''Figure 1. Alignment of the Amino Acid Sequence of the Kinase Domain with That of Other Ethylene Receptors.''' '' <ref name="ref1" />.'']]
 ==Labs working on this gene==

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ==Labs working on this gene==
-Please input related labs here.
+* Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
 ==References==