Os06g0133000 - Revision history

Rice2012: /* Structured Information */

2015-06-12T08:04:59Z

‎Structured Information

Xujimei: /* Expression */

2014-06-05T15:38:51Z

‎Expression

Xujimei: /* Function */

2014-06-05T15:25:48Z

‎Function

Fcgbean: /* Expression */

2014-06-01T16:34:06Z

‎Expression

Fcgbean: /* Expression */

2014-06-01T16:33:43Z

‎Expression

Fcgbean: /* Expression */

2014-06-01T16:30:36Z

‎Expression

Fcgbean: /* Function */

2014-06-01T16:07:59Z

‎Function

Fcgbean: /* Evolution */

2014-06-01T16:02:56Z

‎Evolution

Fcgbean: /* References */

2014-06-01T15:56:37Z

‎References

Fcgbean: /* References */

2014-06-01T15:56:21Z

‎References

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 ==Structured Information==
 [[Category:Genes]]
 [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]

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 ===Expression===
-Please input expression information here.
+The alleles at the wx locus, Wxa and Wxb, were initially defined on the basis of the amount of Wx protein that is contained in the mature seed. Seeds with Wxa contain levels of Wx protein about 10-fold higher than those with Wxb. To examine whether this quantitative difference is regulated at the mRNA levels, we carried out Northern blot analysis using one allele of Wxb from O. sativa Japonica (T65) and three alleles from O. sativa Indica, O. rufipogon, and O. glaberrima. All rice strains with Wxa analyzed were congenic lines, in which each wx locus was introduced from the original strains into the genetic background of O.sativa Japonica (T65).
-Common non-waxy (Wx) rice cultivars contain two different alleles at the waxy locus, designated Wx(a) and Wx(b), which encode different levels of granule-bound starch synthases and are hence involved in the control of endosperm amylose content. The Wx(a) allele was predominant in non-waxy indica cultivars, whereas the Wx(b) allele was common to the non-waxy japonica variety. Recently, some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation of Wx(a) from Wx(b) have been characterized. One structural difference between these two alleles was shown to be due to alternative splicing caused by a single-base substitution (AG GT to AG TT) at a donor site of the first intron within the Wx gene.
+Total RNA was isolated from developing seeds (10dap) and analyzed by Northern blot using the Wx cDNA probe. The result clearly indicated that the steady-state levels of the mature transcript from rice with Wxa were much higher than those from rice with Wxb. In addition to the mature transcript, an extra band was detected in the lane of O. sativa Japonica . This band corresponds to the precursor of Wx transcripts, which contains the unspliced first intron in the region upstream of the ATG codon, as pointed out previously. The extra band was not detected in the lanes of rice with Wxa.
 ===Evolution===

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 ==Annotated Information==
 ===Function===
-Please input function information here.
+The Waxy (Wx) gene, which controls amylose synthesis in endosperm and pollen, has been well studied in rice and in maize. The regulation of the rice Wx gene is characterized by two functional alleles which are defined on the basis of the amount of Wx protein that accumulates in the mature seeds (Sano 1984). The allele that controls the production of lower amounts of Wx protein is Wxb,
-[[File:FL2.jpg|right|thumb|250px| "Identification and confirmation of the qGC-6 gene. a Phenotypic
+which is mainly distributed in O. sativa Japonica. The other allele, Wxa, produces levels of Wx protein about 10-fold higher than Wxb and is widely distributed in domestic rice, including O. sativa Indica, O. glaberrima, and their wild progenitors. The evolutionary relationships of the species in the genus Oryza indicate that Wxb in O. sativa Japonica has evolved from Wxa of O. rufipogon. Previously, posttranscriptional regulation has been suggested as the cause of the quantitative difference in Wx protein between Wxa and Wxb alleles of cultivated rice.
 ===Expression===

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 Common non-waxy (Wx) rice cultivars contain two different alleles at the waxy locus, designated Wx(a) and Wx(b), which encode different levels of granule-bound starch synthases and are hence involved in the control of endosperm amylose content. The Wx(a) allele was predominant in non-waxy indica cultivars, whereas the Wx(b) allele was common to the non-waxy japonica variety. Recently, some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation of Wx(a) from Wx(b) have been characterized. One structural difference between these two alleles was shown to be due to alternative splicing caused by a single-base substitution (AG GT to AG TT) at a donor site of the first intron within the Wx gene.
-The development and substance accumulation of rice caryopsis were studied by using the transgenic japonica and indica rice with antisense Wx gene. The weight of caryopses in transgenic rice was lower than that in non-transgenic one, and the reduction in weight was significantly correlated to the reduction in amylose content. In caryopsis of transgenic rice, the number of endosperm cells was less than that in caryopsis of non-transgenic one, but the proliferation speed was considerably higher during the first six days after flowering (DAF). During the first nine DAF, the soluble sugar content of transgenic rice caryopsis was less than that of the non-transgenic one, but the situation was reverse after nine DAF. Moreover, the total starch content also declined with the decrease in amylose content of transgenic rice caryopsis, while the amylopectin content increased accordingly. Therefore, the composition of starch in caryopsis also changed, but it did not affect the accumulation of protein in transgenic rice caryopsis[].
+The development and substance accumulation of rice caryopsis were studied by using the transgenic japonica and indica rice with antisense Wx gene. The weight of caryopses in transgenic rice was lower than that in non-transgenic one, and the reduction in weight was significantly correlated to the reduction in amylose content. In caryopsis of transgenic rice, the number of endosperm cells was less than that in caryopsis of non-transgenic one, but the proliferation speed was considerably higher during the first six days after flowering (DAF). During the first nine DAF, the soluble sugar content of transgenic rice caryopsis was less than that of the non-transgenic one, but the situation was reverse after nine DAF. Moreover, the total starch content also declined with the decrease in amylose content of transgenic rice caryopsis, while the amylopectin content increased accordingly. Therefore, the composition of starch in caryopsis also changed, but it did not affect the accumulation of protein in transgenic rice caryopsis[11].
 ===Evolution===

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 Please input expression information here.
 Common non-waxy (Wx) rice cultivars contain two different alleles at the waxy locus, designated Wx(a) and Wx(b), which encode different levels of granule-bound starch synthases and are hence involved in the control of endosperm amylose content. The Wx(a) allele was predominant in non-waxy indica cultivars, whereas the Wx(b) allele was common to the non-waxy japonica variety. Recently, some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation of Wx(a) from Wx(b) have been characterized. One structural difference between these two alleles was shown to be due to alternative splicing caused by a single-base substitution (AG GT to AG TT) at a donor site of the first intron within the Wx gene.
 ===Evolution===

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 Please input evolution information here.
-Waxy mutants of cereals have a high content of amylopectin and have been well characterized. However, the allocation of carbon to other components, such as beta-glucan and oils, and the regulation of the altered carbon distribution to amylopectin in a waxy mutant are poorly understood. In this study, we used a rice mutant, GM077, with a low content of amylose to gain molecular insight into how a deficiency of amylose affects carbon allocation to other end products and to amylopectin. We used carbohydrate analysis, subtractive cDNA libraries, and qPCR to identify candidate genes potentially responsible for the changes in carbon allocation in GM077 seeds
+.3% variance of amylose content was attributed to the polymorphism of Wx gene revealed by RM190, while 56.1% and 24.6% of the variances in amylose content and gel consistency were respectively to the polymorphism of Wx gene revealed by 484/W2R-ACC I. Furthermore, with both SSR and CAPS markers, 72.4% of the variance in amylose content could be explained[8].
 ==Labs working on this gene==

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 ==References==
 . Yan Su;Yuchun Rao;Shikai Hu;Yaolong Yang;Zhenyu Gao;Guanghen Zhang;Jian Liu;Jiang Hu;Meixian Yan;Guojun Dong;Li Zhu;Longbiao Guo;Qian Qian;Dali Zeng
    Map-based cloning proves qGC-6, a major QTL for gel consistency of japonica/indica cross, responds by Waxy in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 ==References==
 Please input cited references here.
-<references>
+. Yan Su;Yuchun Rao;Shikai Hu;Yaolong Yang;Zhenyu Gao;Guanghen Zhang;Jian Liu;Jiang Hu;Meixian Yan;Guojun Dong;Li Zhu;Longbiao Guo;Qian Qian;Dali Zeng
    Map-based cloning proves qGC-6, a major QTL for gel consistency of japonica/indica cross, responds by Waxy in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
-   Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2011, 123(5): 859-867.</ref>
+   Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2011, 123(5): 859-867
 .Ming-Zhou Zhang;Jie-Hong Fang;Xia Yan;Jun Liu;Jin-Song Bao;Gunnel Fransson;Roger Andersson;Christer Jansson;Per Åman;Chuanxin Sun
    Molecular insights into how a deficiency of amylose affects carbon allocation -- carbohydrate and oil analyses and gene expression profiling in the seeds of a rice waxy mutant
-   BMC Plant Biology, 2012, 12: 230.</ref>
+   BMC Plant Biology, 2012, 12: 230
 . 姚姝;陈涛;张亚东;朱镇;赵凌;赵庆勇;周丽慧;王才林
    分子标记辅助选择聚合水稻暗胚乳突变基因Wx-mq和抗条纹叶枯病基因Stv-bi
-   中国水稻科学, 2010, 24(4): 341-347.</ref>
+   中国水稻科学, 2010, 24(4): 341-347
 . Zhixi Tian;Qian Qian;Qiaoquan Liu;Meixian Yan;Xinfang Liu;Changjie Yan;Guifu Liu;Zhenyu Gao;Shuzhu Tang;Dali Zeng;Yonghong Wang;Jianming Yu;Minghong Gu;Jiayang Li
    Allelic diversities in rice starch biosynthesis lead to a diverse array of rice eating and cooking qualities
-   Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009, 106(51): 21760-21765.</ref>
+   Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009, 106(51): 21760-21765
 . P. Jayamani;S. Negrão;C. Brites;M.M. Oliveira
    Potential of Waxy gene microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphisms to develop japonica varieties with desired amylose levels in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
-   Journal of Cereal Science, 2007, 46(2): 178-186.</ref>
+   Journal of Cereal Science, 2007, 46(2): 178-186.
 . 张娅丽; 许明辉; 曾亚文; 姚春馨; 陈善娜
    云南地方稻种Wx基因第一内含子供体+1位碱基变异与直链淀粉含量的关系
-   中国水稻科学, 2007, 21(1): 20-24.</ref>
+   中国水稻科学, 2007, 21(1): 20-24
 . 刘玉花; 栾丽; 龙文波; 王兴; 孔繁伦; 何涛; 涂升斌
    同源四倍体和二倍体水稻Wx基因与淀粉品质的遗传关系
-   中国水稻科学, 2007, 21(2): 143-149.</ref>
+   中国水稻科学, 2007, 21(2): 143-149
 . WAN Ying-xiu;DENG Qi-ming;WANG Shi-quan;LIU Ming-wei;ZHOU Hua-qiang;LI Ping
    Genetic Polymorphism of Wx Gene and Its Correlation with Main Grain Quality Characteristics in Rice
-   Rice Science, 2007, 14(2): 85-93.</ref>
+   Rice Science, 2007, 14(2): 85-93
 . 陈刚; 王忠; 刘巧泉; 熊飞; 顾蕴洁; 顾国俊
    转反义Wx基因水稻颖果的发育及物质积累
-   中国水稻科学, 2006, 20(3): 277-282.</ref>
+   中国水稻科学, 2006, 20(3): 277-282
 . 万映秀;邓其明;王世全;刘明伟;周华强;李平
    水稻Wx基因的遗传多态性及其与主要米质指标的相关性分析
-   中国水稻科学, 2006, 20(6): 603-609.</ref>
+   中国水稻科学, 2006, 20(6): 603-609
 . CHEN Gang; WANG Zhong; LIU Qiao-quan; XIONG Fei; GU Yun-jie; GU Guo-jun
    Development and Substance Accumulation of Caryopsis in Transgenic Rice with Antisense Wx Gene
-   Rice Science, 2006, 13(2): 106-112.</ref>
+   Rice Science, 2006, 13(2): 106-112
 . ZENG Rui-zhen; ZHANG Ze-min; HE Feng-hua; XI Zhang-ying; Akshay TALUKDAR; SHI Jun-qiong; QIN Li-jun; HUANG Chao-feng; ZHANG Gui-quan
    Identification of Multiple Alleles at the Wx Locus and Development of Single Segment Substitution Lines for the Alleles in Rice
-   Rice Science, 2006, 13(1): 9-14.</ref>
+   Rice Science, 2006, 13(1): 9-14
 . 曾瑞珍; 张泽民; 何风华; 席章营; Akshay TALUKDAR; 施军琼; 秦利军; 黄朝锋; 张桂权
    水稻Wx复等位基因的鉴定及单片段代换系的建立
-   中国水稻科学, 2005, 19(6): 495-500.</ref>
+   中国水稻科学, 2005, 19(6): 495-500
 . MAO Xing-xue; LIU Yan-zhuo; XIAO Xin; CHEN Jian-wei; LUO Wen-yong; LI Xiao-fang
    A One-Step PCR Method for Detecting the First Base of Splice Donor of Wx Intron 1 in Rice
-   Rice Science, 2004, 11(5-6): 342-344.</ref>
+   Rice Science, 2004, 11(5-6): 342-344
 . Yamanaka-S;Nakamura-I;Watanabe-K-N;Sato-Y-I
    Identification of SNPs in the waxy gene among glutinous rice cultivars and their evolutionary significance during the domestication process of rice
-   Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004, 108(7): 1200-1204.</ref>
+   Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004, 108(7): 1200-1204
 . Zhongyi Li;Fei Sun;Shoumin Xu;Xiusheng Chu;Y. Mukai;M. Yamamoto;Shahjahan Ali;Lynette Rampling;Behjat Kosar-Hashemi;Sadequr Rahman;Matthew K. Morell
    The structural organisation of the gene encoding class II starch synthase of wheat and barley and the evolution of the genes encoding starch synthases in plants
-   Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2003, 3(1-2): 76-85.</ref>
+   Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2003, 3(1-2): 76-85
 . Y. Sato;T. Nishio
    Mutation detection in rice waxy mutants by PCR-RF-SSCP
-   Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, 107: 560-567.</ref>
+   Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, 107: 560-567
 . Hiroyuki Sato; Yasuhiro Suzuki; Makoto Sakai and Tokio Imbe
    Molecular Characterization of Wx-mq, a Novel Mutant Gene for Low-amylose Content in Endosperm of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
-   Breeding Science, 2002, 52(2): 131-135.</ref>
+   Breeding Science, 2002, 52(2): 131-135
 . 于恒秀; 刘巧泉; 陈秀花; 陆美芳; 王兴稳; 王宗阳; 顾铭洪
    根癌农杆菌介导的水稻转化系统的优化及转反义Wx基因植株的获得
-   中国水稻科学, 2002, 16(4): 304-310.</ref>
+   中国水稻科学, 2002, 16(4): 304-310
 . Ichiho Mikami;Munetoshi Aikawa;Hiro-Yuki Hirano and Yoshio Sano
    Altered tissue-specific expression at the Wx gene of the opaque mutants in rice
@@ Line 141: / Line 140: @@
    Differential regulation of waxy gene expression in rice endosperm
    Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1984, 68(5): 467-473.</ref>
 ==Structured Information==