Os06g0569500 - Revision history

Rice2012: /* Structured Information */

2015-06-12T08:15:56Z

‎Structured Information

Baixueluo: /* Evolution */

2014-06-01T14:39:31Z

‎Evolution

Baixueluo: /* References */

2014-06-01T14:37:37Z

‎References

Baixueluo: /* References */

2014-06-01T14:35:01Z

‎References

Baixueluo: /* References */

2014-06-01T14:23:52Z

‎References

Baixueluo: /* =Expression */

2014-06-01T14:22:16Z

‎=Expression

Baixueluo: /* =Expression */

2014-06-01T14:21:12Z

‎=Expression

Baixueluo: /* References */

2014-06-01T14:19:53Z

‎References

Baixueluo: /* Labs working on this gene */

2014-06-01T14:03:04Z

‎Labs working on this gene

Baixueluo: /* Evolution */

2014-06-01T13:56:30Z

‎Evolution

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 ==Structured Information==
 [[Category:Genes]]
 [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]

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 [[File:5.png|right|thumb|150px| ''Map-Based Cloning of GDD1 and Complementation Test.(from reference''<ref name="ref4" />)]]
 A rice mutant with greatly decreased height was isolated from a transgene line after ''Agrobacterium tumifaciens''–mediated T-DNA insertion. The mutant, designated ''gibberellin-deficient dwarf1(gdd1)'', retained a stable phenotype and showed segregation of the b-glucuronidase (GUS) gene with the T-DNA insertions until T2 progeny, suggesting that the phenotype was independent of the T-DNA insertion, the mutant with neither the T-DNA insertion nor GUS fragment from the T2 progeny was used for analysis the function of ''GDD1'' .To understand the molecular mechanism responsible for the
 gdd1 phenotype, we used a map-based cloning approach to isolate GDD1. All F1 progeny showed a height phenotype similar to that of the wild type. Tests of heterozygotes with F2 progeny yielded a segregation of 401 normal and 144 dwarf plants (x2[3:1] = 0.59 < x20.05= 3.84; P > 0.05), indicating that the dwarf phenotype of the gdd1 mutant is caused by a recessive mutation in a single nuclear gene<ref name="ref4" />.The GA7 gene encodes the enzyme ''ent''-kaurene synthetase A, which catalyzes the conversion of GGPP to CPP. Subcellular localization of the GA1 protein was studied using 35S-labeled GA1 protein and  isolated pea chloroplasts. The results showed that the GAl protein is imported into and  processed in pea chloroplasts in vitro.DNA sequences of GA7 genomic DNA and cDNA were obtained using the dideoxy method with Sequenase version 2.0 T7 DNA polymerase (U.S.Biochemical Corp.)and both single and double-stranded DNA templates.The  1.4-kb  Hindlll DNA in the  ga7-9 mutant was amplified by PCR and reamplified by asymmetric PCR, and the single-stranded  DNA templates  were sequenced directly. The 1.4-kb DNA fragments spanning intron 12 to exon 15 were amplified from genomic  DNA isolated from ga7-7 and ga7-4 by PCR. These PCR-amplified DNA products were cloned into the Smal site of the pBluescript SK+ vector, and DNA sequences were obtained by using  double-stranded DNA templates isolated from severa1 independent clones<ref name="ref6" />.
 ==Labs working on this gene==

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 ==References==
-、Ken-ichiro Hayashi, Keisuke Horie, Yu ji Hiwatashi et al.（2012）Endogenous Diterpenes Derived froment-Kaurene, a Common Gibberellin Precursor, Regulate Protonema Diff erentiation of the Moss ''Physcomitrella patens''1[W][OA]. Plant Physiology 153:1085-1097.
+、Ken-ichiro Hayashi, Keisuke Horie, Yu ji Hiwatashi et al.（2012）Endogenous Diterpenes Derived from ''ent''-Kaurene, a Common Gibberellin Precursor, Regulate Protonema Diff erentiation of the Moss ''Physcomitrella patens''1[W][OA]. Plant Physiology 153:1085-1097.
-、Qiang Wang, Matthew L . Hillwig, Yisheng Wu et al.（2012）CYP701A8: A Rice ent-Kaurene Oxidase P aralog Diverted to More Specialized Diterpenoid Metabolism1[W][OA]. Plant Physiology 158:1418-1425.
+、Qiang Wang, Matthew L . Hillwig, Yisheng Wu et al.（2012）CYP701A8: A Rice ''ent''-Kaurene Oxidase P aralog Diverted to More Specialized Diterpenoid Metabolism1[W][OA]. Plant Physiology 158:1418-1425.
 、Shifeng Zhu , Feng Gao, Xue song Cao et al.(2005)The Rice Dwarf Virus P2 Protein Interacts with ''ent''-Kaurene Oxidases in Vivo, Leading to Reduced Biosynthesis of Gibberellins and Rice Dwarf Symptoms1.Plant Physiology 139:1935-1945.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:35, 1 June 2014
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	2、Qiang Wang, Matthew L . Hillwig, Yisheng Wu et al.（2012）CYP701A8: A Rice ent-Kaurene Oxidase P aralog Diverted to More Specialized Diterpenoid Metabolism1[W][OA]. Plant Physiology 158:1418-1425.		2、Qiang Wang, Matthew L . Hillwig, Yisheng Wu et al.（2012）CYP701A8: A Rice ent-Kaurene Oxidase P aralog Diverted to More Specialized Diterpenoid Metabolism1[W][OA]. Plant Physiology 158:1418-1425.
		+
		+	3、Shifeng Zhu , Feng Gao, Xue song Cao et al.(2005)The Rice Dwarf Virus P2 Protein Interacts with ''ent''-Kaurene Oxidases in Vivo, Leading to Reduced Biosynthesis of Gibberellins and Rice Dwarf Symptoms1.Plant Physiology 139:1935-1945.
		+
		+	4、Juan Li,Jiafu Jiang,Qian Qian et al.(2011)Mutation of Rice BC12/GDD1, Which Encodes a Kinesin-Like Protein That Binds to a GA Biosynthesis Gene Promoter, Leads to Dwarfism with Impaired Cell Elongation.The Plant Cell 23:628-640.
		+
		+	5、Fritz M. Schomburg,Colleen M. Bizzell,Dong Ju Lee et ai.(2003)Overexpression of a Novel Class of Gibberellin 2-Oxidases Decreases Gibberellin Levels and Creates Dwarf Plants.The Plant Cell 15:151-163.
		+
		+	6、Tai-ping Sun,Yuji Kamiya.(1994)The Arabidopsis GAl Locus Encodes the Cyclase ''ent''-Kaurene Synthetase A of Gibberellin Biosynthesis.The Plant Cell 6:1509-1518.

	==Structured Information==		==Structured Information==

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 ==References==
-、Ken-ichiro Hayashi, Keisuke Horie, Yu ji Hiwatashi et al.（2012）Endogenous Diterpenes Derived froment-Kaurene, a Common Gibberellin Precursor, Regulate Protonema Diff erentiation of the Moss ''Physcomitrella patens'' <ref name="ref1[W][OA]" />. Plant Physiology 153:1085-1097.
+、Ken-ichiro Hayashi, Keisuke Horie, Yu ji Hiwatashi et al.（2012）Endogenous Diterpenes Derived froment-Kaurene, a Common Gibberellin Precursor, Regulate Protonema Diff erentiation of the Moss ''Physcomitrella patens''1[W][OA]. Plant Physiology 153:1085-1097.
-、Qiang Wang, Matthew L . Hillwig, Yisheng Wu et al.（2012）CYP701A8: A Rice ent-Kaurene Oxidase P aralog Diverted to More Specialized Diterpenoid Metabolism1<ref name="ref1[W][OA]" />. Plant Physiology 158:1418-1425.
 ==Structured Information==

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ===Expression==
-[[File:1.png|right|thumb|150px| The biosynthetic pathway of GA.(from reference <ref name="ref1" />)]]
+[[File:1.png|right|thumb|150px| ''The biosynthetic pathway of GA.(from reference'' <ref name="ref1" />)]]
-[[File:2.png|right|thumb|150px| GA biosynthesis.(from reference <ref name="ref2" />)]]
+[[File:2.png|right|thumb|150px| ''GA biosynthesis.(from reference'' <ref name="ref2" />)]]
 Degradation of active C19-gibberellins (GAs) by dioxygenases through 2β-hydroxylation yields inactive GA products.We identified two genes in Arabidopsis (''AtGA2ox7'' and ''AtGA2ox8''),using an activation-tagging mutant screen, that encode2β-hydroxylases.GA levels in both activation-tagged lines were reduced significantly, and the lines displayed dwarf phenotypes typical of mutants with a GA deficiency.Double loss-of-function ''Atga2ox7 Atga2ox8'' mutants had twofold to fourfold higher levels of active GAs and displayed phenotypes associated with excess GAs, such as early bolting in short days,resistance to the GA biosynthesis inhibitor ancymidol, and decreased mRNA levels of AtGA20ox1,a gene in the GA biosynthetic pathway.The GA biosynthetic pathway can be classified into three stages. In the first stage, geranylgeranyl diphosphate is cyclized to ''ent-kaurene'' by copalyl diphosphate synthase and ''ent-kaurene'' synthase. In the second stage,''ent-kaurene'' is oxidized by ''ent-kaurene'' oxidase to ''ent-kaurenoic'' acid, which in turn is oxidized by ''ent''-kaurenoic acid oxidase in three steps to GA12<ref name="ref5" />.The bioactive GAs (GA1and GA4) are synthesized through a series of oxidation reactions of ''ent''-kaurene by two types of oxidases. Both ''ent''-kaurene oxidase and ''ent''-kaurenoic acid oxidase are cytochrome P450 monoo xygenases that success ively convert ''ent''-kaurene to GA12.GA12 is further converted tobioactive GA s by two 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, GA 20-oxidase and GA3-oxidase.GA 2-oxidase is another member of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family and is responsible for GA inactivation<ref name="ref1" />.The ring contraction catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) ''ent''-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO) is then the committed step in GA-specific biosynthesis.OsKO2 exhibits KO activity, OsKOL 4 does not, instead catalyzing C3a hydroxylation of ''ent''-sandaracopimaradiene and ''ent''-cassadiene, as well as ''ent''-kaurene <ref name="ref2" />.
 ===Evolution===
 [[File:4.png|right|thumb|150px| ''Phenotypic Characterization of the gdd1 Mutant.(from reference'' <ref name="ref4" />)]]
-[[File:5.png|right|thumb|150px| ''Map-Based Cloning of GDD1 and Complementation Test.(from reference'' <ref name="ref4" />)]]
+[[File:5.png|right|thumb|150px| ''Map-Based Cloning of GDD1 and Complementation Test.(from reference''<ref name="ref4" />)]]
 A rice mutant with greatly decreased height was isolated from a transgene line after ''Agrobacterium tumifaciens''–mediated T-DNA insertion. The mutant, designated ''gibberellin-deficient dwarf1(gdd1)'', retained a stable phenotype and showed segregation of the b-glucuronidase (GUS) gene with the T-DNA insertions until T2 progeny, suggesting that the phenotype was independent of the T-DNA insertion, the mutant with neither the T-DNA insertion nor GUS fragment from the T2 progeny was used for analysis the function of ''GDD1'' .To understand the molecular mechanism responsible for the
 gdd1 phenotype, we used a map-based cloning approach to isolate GDD1. All F1 progeny showed a height phenotype similar to that of the wild type. Tests of heterozygotes with F2 progeny yielded a segregation of 401 normal and 144 dwarf plants (x2[3:1] = 0.59 < x20.05= 3.84; P > 0.05), indicating that the dwarf phenotype of the gdd1 mutant is caused by a recessive mutation in a single nuclear gene<ref name="ref4" />.The GA7 gene encodes the enzyme ''ent''-kaurene synthetase A, which catalyzes the conversion of GGPP to CPP. Subcellular localization of the GA1 protein was studied using 35S-labeled GA1 protein and  isolated pea chloroplasts. The results showed that the GAl protein is imported into and  processed in pea chloroplasts in vitro.DNA sequences of GA7 genomic DNA and cDNA were obtained using the dideoxy method with Sequenase version 2.0 T7 DNA polymerase (U.S.Biochemical Corp.)and both single and double-stranded DNA templates.The  1.4-kb  Hindlll DNA in the  ga7-9 mutant was amplified by PCR and reamplified by asymmetric PCR, and the single-stranded  DNA templates  were sequenced directly. The 1.4-kb DNA fragments spanning intron 12 to exon 15 were amplified from genomic  DNA isolated from ga7-7 and ga7-4 by PCR. These PCR-amplified DNA products were cloned into the Smal site of the pBluescript SK+ vector, and DNA sequences were obtained by using  double-stranded DNA templates isolated from severa1 independent clones<ref name="ref6" />.

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 ==Labs working on this gene==
-Please input related labs here.
+Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700–0005, Japan
 ==References==