Os07g0108900 - Revision history

Xysj2012: /* Structured Information */

2015-06-12T08:31:25Z

‎Structured Information

Kristy: /* Labs working on this gene */

2014-06-04T16:41:59Z

‎Labs working on this gene

Kristy: /* References */

2014-06-04T16:37:44Z

‎References

Kristy: /* Evolution */

2014-06-04T16:35:17Z

‎Evolution

Kristy: /* Evolution */

2014-06-04T16:33:16Z

‎Evolution

Kristy: /* Evolution */

2014-06-04T16:32:19Z

‎Evolution

Kristy: /* Evolution */

2014-06-04T16:30:03Z

‎Evolution

Kristy: /* Mutation */

2014-06-04T16:18:07Z

‎Mutation

Kristy: /* Expression */

2014-06-04T15:55:11Z

‎Expression

Kristy: /* References */

2014-06-04T15:54:35Z

‎References

@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 ==Structured Information==
 [[Category:Genes]]
 [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]

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 ==Labs working on this gene==
 College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
 ==References==

@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 * <ref name="ref8">.
   Kyozuka J, Kobayashi T, Morita M, Shimamoto K. Spatially and temporally regulated expression of rice MADS box genes with similarity to Arabidopsis class A, B and C genes. Plant Cell Physiol. 2000;41:710–718.
 </ref>
 </references>

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 There are over 250,000 angiosperms extant today, and these plants have evolved a wide variety of flowers and inflorescences. Functional analyses by molecular genetic studies in model eudicots, such as Arabidopsis thaliana,have shown that transcription factors encoded by MADS-box genes are essential for the regulation of various aspects of flower development. It is of great interest to study MADS-box gene function in species distantly related to Arabidopsis, such as monocots, because the functional diversification of MADS-box genes has been proposed to be a major driving force behind floral diversity.
-The monocots comprise about 50,000 species. A large number of MADS-box genes have been isolated in monocots and functional studies have been carried out. Most of these studies have focused mainly on the expression of genes homologous to the Arabidopsisgenes that specify organ  identity. Genetic approaches, however, are now more powerful for elucidating the actual function of the genes thatregulate developmental processes. Indeed, much progress has been recently made in Oryza sativa (rice) and Zea mays(maize), two species of the grass family Poaceae, owing to the availability of genetic approaches. Rice has an additional advantage in evelopmental studies because the genetic transformation of rice is relatively easy and also facilitates the use ofreverse genetic studies. In addition, rice is the only grass plant whose genome has been fully sequenced, and a number of rice MADS-box genes have been isolated experimentally or identified from the DNA database<ref name="ref8" /> (Fig. 4). Thus, functional studies using loss-of-function mutants or transgenic plants have revealed many novel aspects of MADS-box gene function. [[File:Example44.jpg]]
+The monocots comprise about 50,000 species. A large number of MADS-box genes have been isolated in monocots and functional studies have been carried out. Most of these studies have focused mainly on the expression of genes homologous to the Arabidopsisgenes that specify organ  identity. Genetic approaches, however, are now more powerful for elucidating the actual function of the genes thatregulate developmental processes. Indeed, much progress has been recently made in Oryza sativa (rice) and Zea mays(maize), two species of the grass family Poaceae, owing to the availability of genetic approaches. Rice has an additional advantage in evelopmental studies because the genetic transformation of rice is relatively easy and also facilitates the use ofreverse genetic studies. In addition, rice is the only grass plant whose genome has been fully sequenced, and a number of rice MADS-box genes have been isolated experimentally or identified from the DNA database<ref name="ref9" /> (Fig. 4). Thus, functional studies using loss-of-function mutants or transgenic plants have revealed many novel aspects of MADS-box gene function. [[File:Example44.jpg]]
 Grass species have flowers and inflorescences that are highly distinct from those of eudicots. Furthermore, the flowers and inflorescences of rice and maize have also morphologically diversified to some degree. Thus, it is plausible that comparative studies between grasses and eudicots, and between rice and maize, may reveal clues to the diversification of both MADS-box gene function and developmental pathways during evolution.
-The rice genome contains at least three AP1-like MADS-box genes,''''' OsMADS14''''', ''''' OsMADS15''''',and ''''' OsMADS18''''' (also known as '''''RAP1B''''', '''''RAP1A''''',and '''''OsMADS28''''', respectively), which are classified as a monocot-specific lineage of AP1-like genes<ref name="ref9" /><ref name="ref10" /> (Fig. 1). Of these, ''''' OsMADS14'''''and ''''' OsMADS15''''' are classified as a pair of sister ubclasses, and ''''' OsMADS18''''' is classified as a relatively distant subclass of the monocot AP1-like gene family. It will be interesting to determine whether these genes have functions similar to those of the AP1-like genes in eudicots because the rice floret does not have obvious sepals and petals, but instead has a lemma, a palea, and lodicules.
+The rice genome contains at least three AP1-like MADS-box genes,''''' OsMADS14''''', ''''' OsMADS15''''',and ''''' OsMADS18''''' (also known as '''''RAP1B''''', '''''RAP1A''''',and '''''OsMADS28''''', respectively), which are classified as a monocot-specific lineage of AP1-like genes<ref name="ref10" /><ref name="ref11" /> (Fig. 1). Of these, ''''' OsMADS14'''''and ''''' OsMADS15''''' are classified as a pair of sister ubclasses, and ''''' OsMADS18''''' is classified as a relatively distant subclass of the monocot AP1-like gene family. It will be interesting to determine whether these genes have functions similar to those of the AP1-like genes in eudicots because the rice floret does not have obvious sepals and petals, but instead has a lemma, a palea, and lodicules.
-''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS15''''' are initially expressed across the whole region of the floral meristem in flower development. Subsequently, the expression domains of these genes are restricted to the primordia of glumes, lemma, palea, and lodicules<ref name="ref10" />. Thus, the expression patterns of ''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS15''''' in rice are similar to that of AP1in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of ''''' OsMADS14''''' induces flower development from regenerated shoots at the early stages of development and, in an extreme case,directly from cells in the callus without vegetative growth<ref name="ref9" />. This observation suggests that ''''' OsMADS14''''' is involved in promoting flowering and determining the identity of the floral meristem in rice. Studies on loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutants of ''''' OsMADS15''''' have not been reported so far. The functions of ''''' OsMADS15'''''may differ from those of ''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS18''''' because the expression pattern of ''''' OsMADS18''''' is different from those of ''''' OsMADS14'''''and ''''' OsMADS15'''''. ''''' OsMADS18''''' is expressed in roots, leaves, inflorescences, and flowers, and its expression levels reach a maximum when the plant reaches the reproductive stage. ''''' OsMADS18'''''is expressed in all regions of the flower and its overexpression induces early flowering with accelerated development of the axillary shoot meristem. As a whole, the function of AP1-like MADS-box genes in rice is still unclear, as compared to other classes of MADS-box genes, probably owing to the lackof loss-of-function analysis and to the genetic redundancy of these genes.
+''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS15''''' are initially expressed across the whole region of the floral meristem in flower development. Subsequently, the expression domains of these genes are restricted to the primordia of glumes, lemma, palea, and lodicules<ref name="ref11" />. Thus, the expression patterns of ''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS15''''' in rice are similar to that of AP1in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of ''''' OsMADS14''''' induces flower development from regenerated shoots at the early stages of development and, in an extreme case,directly from cells in the callus without vegetative growth<ref name="ref10" />. This observation suggests that ''''' OsMADS14''''' is involved in promoting flowering and determining the identity of the floral meristem in rice. Studies on loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutants of ''''' OsMADS15''''' have not been reported so far. The functions of ''''' OsMADS15'''''may differ from those of ''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS18''''' because the expression pattern of ''''' OsMADS18''''' is different from those of ''''' OsMADS14'''''and ''''' OsMADS15'''''. ''''' OsMADS18''''' is expressed in roots, leaves, inflorescences, and flowers, and its expression levels reach a maximum when the plant reaches the reproductive stage. ''''' OsMADS18'''''is expressed in all regions of the flower and its overexpression induces early flowering with accelerated development of the axillary shoot meristem. As a whole, the function of AP1-like MADS-box genes in rice is still unclear, as compared to other classes of MADS-box genes, probably owing to the lackof loss-of-function analysis and to the genetic redundancy of these genes.
 == Mutation ==

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 There are over 250,000 angiosperms extant today, and these plants have evolved a wide variety of flowers and inflorescences. Functional analyses by molecular genetic studies in model eudicots, such as Arabidopsis thaliana,have shown that transcription factors encoded by MADS-box genes are essential for the regulation of various aspects of flower development. It is of great interest to study MADS-box gene function in species distantly related to Arabidopsis, such as monocots, because the functional diversification of MADS-box genes has been proposed to be a major driving force behind floral diversity.
-The monocots comprise about 50,000 species. A large number of MADS-box genes have been isolated in monocots and functional studies have been carried out. Most of these studies have focused mainly on the expression of genes homologous to the Arabidopsisgenes that specify organ  identity. Genetic approaches, however, are now more powerful for elucidating the actual function of the genes thatregulate developmental processes. Indeed, much progress has been recently made in Oryza sativa (rice) and Zea mays(maize), two species of the grass family Poaceae, owing to the availability of genetic approaches. Rice has an additional advantage in evelopmental studies because the genetic transformation of rice is relatively easy and also facilitates the use ofreverse genetic studies. In addition, rice is the only grass plant whose genome has been fully sequenced, and a number of rice MADS-box genes have been isolated experimentally or identified from the DNA database<ref name="ref9" /> (Fig. 4). Thus, functional studies using loss-of-function mutants or transgenic plants have revealed many novel aspects of MADS-box gene function. [[File:Example44.jpg]]
+The monocots comprise about 50,000 species. A large number of MADS-box genes have been isolated in monocots and functional studies have been carried out. Most of these studies have focused mainly on the expression of genes homologous to the Arabidopsisgenes that specify organ  identity. Genetic approaches, however, are now more powerful for elucidating the actual function of the genes thatregulate developmental processes. Indeed, much progress has been recently made in Oryza sativa (rice) and Zea mays(maize), two species of the grass family Poaceae, owing to the availability of genetic approaches. Rice has an additional advantage in evelopmental studies because the genetic transformation of rice is relatively easy and also facilitates the use ofreverse genetic studies. In addition, rice is the only grass plant whose genome has been fully sequenced, and a number of rice MADS-box genes have been isolated experimentally or identified from the DNA database<ref name="ref8" /> (Fig. 4). Thus, functional studies using loss-of-function mutants or transgenic plants have revealed many novel aspects of MADS-box gene function. [[File:Example44.jpg]]
 Grass species have flowers and inflorescences that are highly distinct from those of eudicots. Furthermore, the flowers and inflorescences of rice and maize have also morphologically diversified to some degree. Thus, it is plausible that comparative studies between grasses and eudicots, and between rice and maize, may reveal clues to the diversification of both MADS-box gene function and developmental pathways during evolution.
-The rice genome contains at least three AP1-like MADS-box genes,''''' OsMADS14''''', ''''' OsMADS15''''',and ''''' OsMADS18''''' (also known as '''''RAP1B''''', '''''RAP1A''''',and '''''OsMADS28''''', respectively), which are classified as a monocot-specific lineage of AP1-like genes<ref name="ref10" /><ref name="ref11" /> (Fig. 1). Of these, ''''' OsMADS14'''''and ''''' OsMADS15''''' are classified as a pair of sister ubclasses, and ''''' OsMADS18''''' is classified as a relatively distant subclass of the monocot AP1-like gene family. It will be interesting to determine whether these genes have functions similar to those of the AP1-like genes in eudicots because the rice floret does not have obvious sepals and petals, but instead has a lemma, a palea, and lodicules.
+The rice genome contains at least three AP1-like MADS-box genes,''''' OsMADS14''''', ''''' OsMADS15''''',and ''''' OsMADS18''''' (also known as '''''RAP1B''''', '''''RAP1A''''',and '''''OsMADS28''''', respectively), which are classified as a monocot-specific lineage of AP1-like genes<ref name="ref9" /><ref name="ref10" /> (Fig. 1). Of these, ''''' OsMADS14'''''and ''''' OsMADS15''''' are classified as a pair of sister ubclasses, and ''''' OsMADS18''''' is classified as a relatively distant subclass of the monocot AP1-like gene family. It will be interesting to determine whether these genes have functions similar to those of the AP1-like genes in eudicots because the rice floret does not have obvious sepals and petals, but instead has a lemma, a palea, and lodicules.
-''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS15''''' are initially expressed across the whole region of the floral meristem in flower development. Subsequently, the expression domains of these genes are restricted to the primordia of glumes, lemma, palea, and lodicules<ref name="ref11" />. Thus, the expression patterns of ''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS15''''' in rice are similar to that of AP1in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of ''''' OsMADS14''''' induces flower development from regenerated shoots at the early stages of development and, in an extreme case,directly from cells in the callus without vegetative growth<ref name="ref10" />. This observation suggests that ''''' OsMADS14''''' is involved in promoting flowering and determining the identity of the floral meristem in rice. Studies on loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutants of ''''' OsMADS15''''' have not been reported so far. The functions of ''''' OsMADS15'''''may differ from those of ''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS18''''' because the expression pattern of ''''' OsMADS18''''' is different from those of ''''' OsMADS14'''''and ''''' OsMADS15'''''. ''''' OsMADS18''''' is expressed in roots, leaves, inflorescences, and flowers, and its expression levels reach a maximum when the plant reaches the reproductive stage. ''''' OsMADS18'''''is expressed in all regions of the flower and its overexpression induces early flowering with accelerated development of the axillary shoot meristem. As a whole, the function of AP1-like MADS-box genes in rice is still unclear, as compared to other classes of MADS-box genes, probably owing to the lackof loss-of-function analysis and to the genetic redundancy of these genes.
+''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS15''''' are initially expressed across the whole region of the floral meristem in flower development. Subsequently, the expression domains of these genes are restricted to the primordia of glumes, lemma, palea, and lodicules<ref name="ref10" />. Thus, the expression patterns of ''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS15''''' in rice are similar to that of AP1in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of ''''' OsMADS14''''' induces flower development from regenerated shoots at the early stages of development and, in an extreme case,directly from cells in the callus without vegetative growth<ref name="ref9" />. This observation suggests that ''''' OsMADS14''''' is involved in promoting flowering and determining the identity of the floral meristem in rice. Studies on loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutants of ''''' OsMADS15''''' have not been reported so far. The functions of ''''' OsMADS15'''''may differ from those of ''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS18''''' because the expression pattern of ''''' OsMADS18''''' is different from those of ''''' OsMADS14'''''and ''''' OsMADS15'''''. ''''' OsMADS18''''' is expressed in roots, leaves, inflorescences, and flowers, and its expression levels reach a maximum when the plant reaches the reproductive stage. ''''' OsMADS18'''''is expressed in all regions of the flower and its overexpression induces early flowering with accelerated development of the axillary shoot meristem. As a whole, the function of AP1-like MADS-box genes in rice is still unclear, as compared to other classes of MADS-box genes, probably owing to the lackof loss-of-function analysis and to the genetic redundancy of these genes.
 == Mutation ==

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 There are over 250,000 angiosperms extant today, and these plants have evolved a wide variety of flowers and inflorescences. Functional analyses by molecular genetic studies in model eudicots, such as Arabidopsis thaliana,have shown that transcription factors encoded by MADS-box genes are essential for the regulation of various aspects of flower development. It is of great interest to study MADS-box gene function in species distantly related to Arabidopsis, such as monocots, because the functional diversification of MADS-box genes has been proposed to be a major driving force behind floral diversity[1].
-The monocots comprise about 50,000 species. A large number of MADS-box genes have been isolated in monocots and functional studies have been carried out. Most of these studies have focused mainly on the expression of genes homologous to the Arabidopsisgenes that specify organ  identity. Genetic approaches, however, are now more powerful for elucidating the actual function of the genes thatregulate developmental processes. Indeed, much progress has been recently made in Oryza sativa (rice) and Zea mays(maize), two species of the grass family Poaceae, owing to the availability of genetic approaches. Rice has an additional advantage in evelopmental studies because the genetic transformation of rice is relatively easy and also facilitates the use ofreverse genetic studies. In addition, rice is the only grass plant whose genome has been fully sequenced, and a number of rice MADS-box genes have been isolated experimentally or identified from the DNA database[2] (Fig. 4). Thus, functional studies using loss-of-function mutants or transgenic plants have revealed many novel aspects of MADS-box gene function (reviewed in[3,4]). [[File:Example44.jpg]]
+The monocots comprise about 50,000 species. A large number of MADS-box genes have been isolated in monocots and functional studies have been carried out. Most of these studies have focused mainly on the expression of genes homologous to the Arabidopsisgenes that specify organ  identity. Genetic approaches, however, are now more powerful for elucidating the actual function of the genes thatregulate developmental processes. Indeed, much progress has been recently made in Oryza sativa (rice) and Zea mays(maize), two species of the grass family Poaceae, owing to the availability of genetic approaches. Rice has an additional advantage in evelopmental studies because the genetic transformation of rice is relatively easy and also facilitates the use ofreverse genetic studies. In addition, rice is the only grass plant whose genome has been fully sequenced, and a number of rice MADS-box genes have been isolated experimentally or identified from the DNA database[2] (Fig. 4). Thus, functional studies using loss-of-function mutants or transgenic plants have revealed many novel aspects of MADS-box gene function. [[File:Example44.jpg]]
 Grass species have flowers and inflorescences that are highly distinct from those of eudicots. Furthermore, the flowers and inflorescences of rice and maize have also morphologically diversified to some degree. Thus, it is plausible that comparative studies between grasses and eudicots, and between rice and maize, may reveal clues to the diversification of both MADS-box gene function and developmental pathways during evolution.
-The rice genome contains at least three AP1-like MADS-box genes, OsMADS14, OsMADS15,and OsMADS18 (also known as RAP1B, RAP1A,and OsMADS28, respectively), which are classified as a monocot-specific lineage of AP1-like genes[13,14,15,16] (Fig. 1). Of these, OsMADS14and OsMADS15 are classified as a pair of sister ubclasses, and OsMADS18is classified as a relatively distant subclass of the monocot AP1-like gene family[17]. It will be interesting to determine whether these genes have
+The rice genome contains at least three AP1-like MADS-box genes,''''' OsMADS14''''', ''''' OsMADS15''''',and ''''' OsMADS18''''' (also known as '''''RAP1B''''', '''''RAP1A''''',and '''''OsMADS28''''', respectively), which are classified as a monocot-specific lineage of AP1-like genes[13,14,15,16] (Fig. 1). Of these, ''''' OsMADS14'''''and ''''' OsMADS15''''' are classified as a pair of sister ubclasses, and ''''' OsMADS18''''' is classified as a relatively distant subclass of the monocot AP1-like gene family[17]. It will be interesting to determine whether these genes have functions similar to those of the AP1-like genes in eudicots because the rice floret does not have obvious sepals and petals, but instead has a lemma, a palea, and lodicules.
-OsMADS14and OsMADS15are initially expressed across the whole region of the floral meristem in flower development. Subsequently, the expression domains of these genes are restricted to the primordia of glumes, lemma, palea, and lodicules[15,18]. Thus, the expression patterns of OsMADS14 and OsMADS15in rice are similar to that of AP1in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of OsMADS14 induces flower development from regenerated shoots at the early stages of development and, in an extreme case,directly from cells in the callus without vegetative growth[14]. This observation suggests that OsMADS14 is involved in promoting flowering and determining the identity of the floral meristem in rice. Studies on loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutants of OsMADS15have not been reported so far. The functions of OsMADS18may differ from those of OsMADS14 and OsMADS15because the expression pattern of OsMADS18is different from those of OsMADS14and OsMADS15. OsMADS18is
+''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS15''''' are initially expressed across the whole region of the floral meristem in flower development. Subsequently, the expression domains of these genes are restricted to the primordia of glumes, lemma, palea, and lodicules[15,18]. Thus, the expression patterns of ''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS15''''' in rice are similar to that of AP1in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of ''''' OsMADS14''''' induces flower development from regenerated shoots at the early stages of development and, in an extreme case,directly from cells in the callus without vegetative growth[14]. This observation suggests that ''''' OsMADS14''''' is involved in promoting flowering and determining the identity of the floral meristem in rice. Studies on loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutants of ''''' OsMADS15''''' have not been reported so far. The functions of ''''' OsMADS15'''''may differ from those of ''''' OsMADS14''''' and ''''' OsMADS18''''' because the expression pattern of ''''' OsMADS18''''' is different from those of ''''' OsMADS14'''''and ''''' OsMADS15'''''. ''''' OsMADS18''''' is expressed in roots, leaves, inflorescences, and flowers, and its expression levels reach a maximum when the plant reaches the reproductive stage. ''''' OsMADS18'''''is expressed in all regions of the flower and its overexpression induces early flowering with accelerated development of the axillary shoot meristem. As a whole, the function of AP1-like MADS-box genes in rice is still unclear, as compared to other classes of MADS-box genes, probably owing to the lackof loss-of-function analysis and to the genetic redundancy of these genes.
 == Mutation ==

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 OsMADS15-F, 5- TCCGTCGACATGGGGCGGGGGAAGGTG-3;
 OsMADS15-R, 5- AATGGTACCTTAAGCATTGAGGTGGCTC-3<ref name="ref5" />.
 == Mutation ==

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 '''''OsMADS15''''' was previously isolated through a large-scale cDNA analysis conducted by the Rice GenomeResearch Program (RGP). It is expressed in the apical region of the floral meristem at an early stage of spikelet development, and also expressed in developing lemma, palea and lodicules<ref name="ref2" />. '''''OsMADS15'''''are expressed in the incipient floral primordium<ref name="ref3" />. Transcripts of '''''OsMADS1''''' and '''''OsMADS15''''' are eventually accumulated in lemma and palea, suggesting that '''''OsMADS1''''' and '''''OsMADS15''''' might also be involved in the development of lemma and palea<ref name="ref4" />. Rice seedlings overexpressing '''''OsMADS15''''' showed precocious phenotypes of early internode elongation, shoot-borne crown root development, reduced plant height and early flowering, and Affected Panicle Development and Produced Ectopic Crown Root Growth.
-.Overexpression of '''''OsMADS15''''' Decreased Tiller Number(Fig. 1).
+.Overexpression of '''''OsMADS15''''' Decreased Tiller Number(Fig. 2).
 [[File:pictures.jpg]]
-.Overexpression of '''''OsMADS15''''' Accelerated Flowering(Fig. 2).
+.Overexpression of '''''OsMADS15''''' Accelerated Flowering(Fig. 3).
 [[File:Fig.2.jpg]]