Os07g0605200 - Revision history

Xysj1980 at 02:01, 8 March 2017

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Xysj2012: /* Structured Information */

2015-06-12T08:47:32Z

‎Structured Information

Little top: /* References */

2014-06-03T10:20:02Z

‎References

Little top: /* Evolution */

2014-06-02T10:54:52Z

‎Evolution

Little top: /* Expression */

2014-06-02T10:48:47Z

‎Expression

Little top: /* Function */

2014-06-02T10:47:23Z

‎Function

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2014-06-02T10:42:48Z

‎Function

Little top: /* Function */

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‎Function

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 ==Annotated Information==
+[[File:308-Os07g0605200.png|right|thumb|327px|'''Figure 7.''' ''OsMADS18 overexpression in Arabidopsis.<ref name="ref1" />.'']]
 ===Gene Symbol===
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 ===Expression===
 * This rice MADS box gene is widely expressed in rice with its transcripts accumulated to higher levels in meristems.
 ===Evolution===

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 ==Annotated Information==
-[[File:figure7-2.png|right|thumb|427px|'''Figure 7.''' ''OsMADS18 overexpression in Arabidopsis.<ref name="ref1" />.'']]
 ===Gene Symbol===
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 ===Expression===
 * This rice MADS box gene is widely expressed in rice with its transcripts accumulated to higher levels in meristems.

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 ==Structured Information==
 [[Category:Genes]]
 [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:20, 3 June 2014
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	Bowman JL, Alvarez J, Weigel D, Meyerowitz EM, Smyth DR (1993) Control of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana by APETALA1 and interacting genes. Development 119: 721–743		Bowman JL, Alvarez J, Weigel D, Meyerowitz EM, Smyth DR (1993) Control of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana by APETALA1 and interacting genes. Development 119: 721–743
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		+	Fabio Fornara, Lucie Parenicova, Giuseppina Falasca, Nilla Pelucchi, Simona Masiero, et al (2004) Functional Characterization of OsMADS18, a Member of the AP1/SQUA Subfamily of MADS Box Genes.Plant Physiol. 13: 2207-2219

	Lee S, Kim J, Son JS, Nam J, Jeong DH, Lee K, Jang S, Yoo J, Lee J, Lee DY, et al (2003) Systematic reverse genetic screening of T-DNA tagged genes in rice for functional genomic analyses: MADS box genes as a test case.Plant Cell Physiol 44: 1403–1411		Lee S, Kim J, Son JS, Nam J, Jeong DH, Lee K, Jang S, Yoo J, Lee J, Lee DY, et al (2003) Systematic reverse genetic screening of T-DNA tagged genes in rice for functional genomic analyses: MADS box genes as a test case.Plant Cell Physiol 44: 1403–1411

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:54, 2 June 2014
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	One of the possible explanations for the ap1 phenotypes that we observed in the Arabidopsis plants that expressed OsMADS18 could be that in these transgenic plants the expression of the endogenous AP1 gene is repressed. To verify this possibility we per-check for the expression of AP1 in these transgenic plants. Figure 8 shows the RT-PCR products obtained using RNA extracted from transgenic and control wild-type flowers. These analyses show that AP1 expression is not affected in these transgenic plants.		One of the possible explanations for the ap1 phenotypes that we observed in the Arabidopsis plants that expressed OsMADS18 could be that in these transgenic plants the expression of the endogenous AP1 gene is repressed. To verify this possibility we per-check for the expression of AP1 in these transgenic plants. Figure 8 shows the RT-PCR products obtained using RNA extracted from transgenic and control wild-type flowers. These analyses show that AP1 expression is not affected in these transgenic plants.

		+	[[File:figure8.png]]
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		+	Figure 8. RT-PCR on leaves of wild-type and transgenic 35S:OsMADS18 plants. 1, OsMADS18 overexpressing line showing no visible phenotype. 2 to 4, OsMADS18 overexpressing lines showing flower phenotypes described in Figure 7D, F, and G, respectively.+, positive control.

	You can also add sub-section(s) at will.		You can also add sub-section(s) at will.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 2 June 2014
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	OsMADS18 is widely expressed in rice with its transcripts accumulated to higher levels in meristems.Expression of OsMADS18 in Arabidopsis Causes an ap1 Mutant Phenotype AP1/SQUA-like genes, when overexpressed, generally cause an early flowering phenotype. To investigate whether OsMADS18 also induces early flowering in Arabidopsis we ectopically expressed OsMADS18 in this heterologous system. No significant effect on flowering time was observed, however, surprisingly, 10% of the plants (of a total of 100 transformants) showed floral phenotypes that were very similar to the ap1 mutant (Fig. 7H; Irish and Sussex, 1990; Bowmanet al., 1993). The mildest phenotypes show only a reduction in sepal and petal size (Fig. 7B). The result is that the pistil is not enclosed by the perianth organs and protrudes from the flower. Plants having an intermediate phenotype have flowers that in the first whorl develop leaf-like organs bearing stellate trichomes, which is typical for cauline leaves (Fig. 7C), while wild-type sepals have simple trichomes(Fig. 7A).Around 5% of the plants showed more severe phenotypes. Some of the first-whorl organs were homeotically converted to carpelloid organs on which ovules developed (Fig. 7F). In these severely affected flowers the petals were, in general, completely absent (Fig. 7, E and F). Frequently the most affected plants had flowers from which extra flowers arose from the axils of the first whorl organs (Fig. 7) and this pattern was reiterated producing tertiary and even quaternary flowers (Fig. 7G).		OsMADS18 is widely expressed in rice with its transcripts accumulated to higher levels in meristems.Expression of OsMADS18 in Arabidopsis Causes an ap1 Mutant Phenotype AP1/SQUA-like genes, when overexpressed, generally cause an early flowering phenotype. To investigate whether OsMADS18 also induces early flowering in Arabidopsis we ectopically expressed OsMADS18 in this heterologous system. No significant effect on flowering time was observed, however, surprisingly, 10% of the plants (of a total of 100 transformants) showed floral phenotypes that were very similar to the ap1 mutant (Fig. 7H; Irish and Sussex, 1990; Bowmanet al., 1993). The mildest phenotypes show only a reduction in sepal and petal size (Fig. 7B). The result is that the pistil is not enclosed by the perianth organs and protrudes from the flower. Plants having an intermediate phenotype have flowers that in the first whorl develop leaf-like organs bearing stellate trichomes, which is typical for cauline leaves (Fig. 7C), while wild-type sepals have simple trichomes(Fig. 7A).Around 5% of the plants showed more severe phenotypes. Some of the first-whorl organs were homeotically converted to carpelloid organs on which ovules developed (Fig. 7F). In these severely affected flowers the petals were, in general, completely absent (Fig. 7, E and F). Frequently the most affected plants had flowers from which extra flowers arose from the axils of the first whorl organs (Fig. 7) and this pattern was reiterated producing tertiary and even quaternary flowers (Fig. 7G).
		+
		+	[[File:figure7-1.png]]
		+
		+	[[File:figure7-2.png]]
		+
		+	Figure 7. OsMADS18 overexpression in Arabidopsis. A, Wild-type flower. B, Weakly affected flower showing reduction in the size of petals and sepals. C, Weakly affected flower in which normal petals develop and sepals are converted into leaf-like structures that differentiate stellate trichomes (arrow). D and E, Strongly affected flowers that develop a new flower at the axil of a first whorl organ. F, Severe flower phenotype in which first whorl organs develop carpelloid characteristics. Stigmatic papillae are evident at the tip of the organs and ovules develop along their margins. G, Tertiary and quaternary flowers arise at the axil of the first whorl organs in most affected flowers. H, An ap1-10 mutant flower.

	===Evolution===		===Evolution===

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 2 June 2014
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	Figure 5. Analysis of 35S:OsMADS18 plants. A, Transgenic plants overexpressing OsMADS18 (a and c) flower earlier compared to wild type (b). The arrows indicate the emerging inflorescences of the transgenic plants. B and C, Stereomicroscope images of a wild-type (B) and 35S:OsMADS18 seedling (C) 5 d after germination. The leaves of the transgenic plant are enclosed in the coleoptile (C),whereas hypocotyl elongation and leaf expansion have already occurred in the wild type (B). Bars represent 1 mm. D, Mean length of adventitious roots (first row), and mean length of the culm (second row) of wild-type (gray columns) and 35S:OsMADS18 lines (black columns) after 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 d from germination. Bars indicate the SEs of the means.		Figure 5. Analysis of 35S:OsMADS18 plants. A, Transgenic plants overexpressing OsMADS18 (a and c) flower earlier compared to wild type (b). The arrows indicate the emerging inflorescences of the transgenic plants. B and C, Stereomicroscope images of a wild-type (B) and 35S:OsMADS18 seedling (C) 5 d after germination. The leaves of the transgenic plant are enclosed in the coleoptile (C),whereas hypocotyl elongation and leaf expansion have already occurred in the wild type (B). Bars represent 1 mm. D, Mean length of adventitious roots (first row), and mean length of the culm (second row) of wild-type (gray columns) and 35S:OsMADS18 lines (black columns) after 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 d from germination. Bars indicate the SEs of the means.
		+
		+	[[File:figure6-1.png]]
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		+	[[File:figure6-2.png]]
		+
		+	Figure 6. Histological analysis of 35S:OsMADS18 transgenic plants (A, D, F, and H) and of wild-type plants (B, C, E, G, and I) at various days from germination. A to C, H, and I are transverse sections, D to G are longitudinal sections. A and B, Axillary bud (arrow) differentiated in 35S:OSMADS18 lines (A) and not in the wild-type plants (B) after 7 d (sections at the same distance from the shoot apex). The differentiation of aerenchyma (a) is more precocious in transgenic than in wild-type plants. C, The axillary bud (arrow) is present in the wild type after 15 d. D and E (day 30), Internodes are shorter in the 35S:OSMADS18 lines (D) compared to the wild type (E). The arrows show the meristematic regions of the nodes. F and G, Close-up pictures of D and E, showing the shoot region with two apical nodes at higher magnification. H and I, Comparison between the adventitious roots of transgenic plants (H) and wild type (I). Root cortex aerenchyma (a) is more developed in transgenic plants. (Bars represent 100 mm in A–E and G; bars represent 50 mm in F and H–I).

	===Expression===		===Expression===

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 To address the function of OsMADS18 in rice，we constructed an overexpression cassette, fusing the OsMADS18 coding sequence with the strong CaMV35S promoter. Twenty-seven independent transgenic lines that overexpressed the transgene at different levels were identified (data not shown). Four of these plants that showed the highest levels of OsMADS18 expression remained very small in size and flowered at 105 d after germination compared to wild-type plants which flower at 140 d after germination(Fig. 5A). Two of them (501S and 1102S) were selected for further studies. Expression analysis of progeny plants of line 501S and 1102S demonstrated that OsMADS18 overexpression segregated with the early flowering phenotype (data not shown).In order to test whether OsMADS18 overexpression affected only the transition to flowering or had a broader effect on rice development, we carried out a detailed morphological analysis on plants,ranging from 0 to 30 d after germination (Fig. 5D). The first effects can already be observed 5 d after germination (Fig. 5, B and C). At this time leaves of transgenic plants are still enclosed by the coleoptile, while wild-type leaves are already emerging from it. After 7 d from germination wild-type plants are about 12 mm long while the transgenic 501S and 1102S plants are 5.5 mm on average (Fig. 5D). Lines 501S and 1102S stay smaller than wild-type plants and this effect is due to a lower rate of internode elongation (Fig. 6, D–G) and a reduction in the length of the leaf sheath. Despite this difference, leaf number is comparable between wild-type and transgenic lines. Regardless of this deficiency in elongation ability, mutant lines form axillary meristems earlier than wild-type plants. These axillary buds are visible in lines overexpressing OsMADS18 after 7 d from germination (Fig. 6, A and B), whereas in wild-type plants these buds develop only after 15d, from germination (Fig. 6C and Supplemental Fig. 1, available at www.plantphysiol.org). Furthermore, in the leaves of the transgenic plants the aerenchyma differentiates earlier than in wild-type plants and the aerenchyma cavities are larger (Fig. 6, A and B). We also monitored the effects on root development in the transgenic lines 501S and 1102S. Microscopic analysis revealed that the adventitious root primordia develop at the same time as in wild-type plants although their number was reduced in these transgenic lines. Furthermore, at early stages the adventitious root elongation in lines 501S and 1102S is slower compared to wild-type plants (Fig. 5D; Supplemental Table I). The differences between wild-type and transgenic lines are more evident shortly after germination but, as the plants proceed in development, the developmental gap between wild-type and transgenic lines is progressively reduced (Fig. 5D; Supplemental Table I). After 30 d from germination the number and length of adventitious roots in wild-type and transgenic lines are comparable although in the transgenic lines the aerenchyma is still at a more advanced stage of development (Fig. 6, H and I).
-[[File:Figure5-1.png]]
+[[File:figure5-1.png]]
-[[File:Figure5-2.png]]
 Figure 5. Analysis of 35S:OsMADS18 plants. A, Transgenic plants overexpressing OsMADS18 (a and c) flower earlier compared to wild type (b). The arrows indicate the emerging inflorescences of the transgenic plants. B and C, Stereomicroscope images of a wild-type (B) and 35S:OsMADS18 seedling (C) 5 d after germination. The leaves of the transgenic plant are enclosed in the coleoptile (C),whereas hypocotyl elongation and leaf expansion have already occurred in the wild type (B). Bars represent 1 mm. D, Mean length of adventitious roots (first row), and mean length of the culm (second row) of wild-type (gray columns) and 35S:OsMADS18 lines (black columns) after 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 d from germination. Bars indicate the SEs of the means.