Os08g0237000 - Revision history

Murphy: /* References */

2014-06-09T10:44:58Z

‎References

Murphy: /* Evolution */

2014-06-09T10:40:39Z

‎Evolution

Murphy: /* Evolution */

2014-06-09T10:39:49Z

‎Evolution

Murphy: /* Expression */

2014-06-09T10:37:47Z

‎Expression

Murphy: /* Evolution */

2014-06-09T04:36:11Z

‎Evolution

Murphy: /* References */

2014-06-09T04:35:19Z

‎References

Murphy: /* Expression */

2014-06-09T04:34:05Z

‎Expression

Murphy: /* Expression */

2014-06-09T04:33:06Z

‎Expression

Murphy: /* References */

2014-06-09T04:29:15Z

‎References

Murphy: /* Function */

2014-06-09T04:26:18Z

‎Function

@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 <ref name="ref1">Jan A, Yang G, Nakamura H, et al. Characterization of a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase gene that is up-regulated by gibberellin in rice [J]. Plant physiology, 2004, 136(3): 3670-3681.</ref>
-<ref name="ref2">Tanaka T, Antonio B A, Kikuchi S, et al. The rice annotation project database (RAP-DB): 2008 update[J]. Nucleic acids research, 2008, 36(Sup 1): D1028-D1033.</ref>
+<ref name="ref2">Xu W, Campbell P, Vargheese AK, Braam J. The Arabidopsis XET-related gene family: environmental and hormonal regulation of expression. Plant J. 1996 Jun; 9(6):879-89.</ref>
-<ref name="ref3">Rice Annotation Project, et al. Curated genome annotation of ''Oryza sativa'' ssp. ''japonica'' and comparative genome analysis with ''Arabidopsis thaliana.'' Genome Res, 2007, 17: 175-183.</ref>
+<ref name="ref3">Catalá C, Rose JK, Bennett AB .Auxin regulation and spatial localization of an endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase and a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase in expanding tomato hypocotyls.Plant J. 1997 Aug; 12(2):417-26.</ref>
-<ref name="ref4">Ohyanagi H, et al. The Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB): hub for Oryza sativa ssp. japonica genome information. Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, 34: D741-D744.</ref>
+<ref name="ref4">Shimizu Y, Aotsuka S, Hasegawa O, Kawada T, Sakuno T, Sakai F, Hayashi T. Changes in levels of mRNAs for cell wall-related enzymes in growing cotton fiber cells. Plant Cell Physiol. 1997 Mar; 38(3):375-8.</ref>
 ==Structured Information==
 {{JaponicaGene|

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 ===Evolution===
-The analysis revealed that XTHs could be loosely grouped into four distinct groups (Fig. 3). Group 1 contains genes that share a high level of sequence identity among different species and that are expressed in young developing tissues<ref name="ref3,4,5"/>. Group 2 comprises ''XTH'' genes from several species showing diverse patterns of expression and response to hormonal or mechanical stimuli, including touchinducible, flooding-response, BR-inducible, and fruit ripening-related ''XTHs''<ref name="ref6"/>. Group 3 represents a divergent group of ''XTHs'', including ''NXG1'' from nasturtium (''Tropaeolum'' ''majus'') that can act as xyloglucan hydrolase and transglycosylase<ref name="ref7"/>. OsXTH8 has the highest homology to sequences in Group 4, consisting of well-characterized barley (''Hordeum vulgare'') genes, ''HvPM2'' and ''HvPM5'',which are up-regulated by GA in barley leaf sheaths and leaves<ref name="ref8"/>. Monocot members of group 4 revealed to have two substitutions (DEIDIEFMG) compared to the consensus sequence (DEIDFEFLG). The presence of different amino acid residues in the putative catalytic region may attribute to unique enzymatic activity of OsXTH8.
+The analysis revealed that XTHs could be loosely grouped into four distinct groups (Fig. 3). Group 1 contains genes that share a high level of sequence identity among different species and that are expressed in young developing tissues<ref name="ref3"/><ref name="ref4"/><ref name="ref5"/>. Group 2 comprises ''XTH'' genes from several species showing diverse patterns of expression and response to hormonal or mechanical stimuli, including touchinducible, flooding-response, BR-inducible, and fruit ripening-related ''XTHs''<ref name="ref6"/>. Group 3 represents a divergent group of ''XTHs'', including ''NXG1'' from nasturtium (''Tropaeolum'' ''majus'') that can act as xyloglucan hydrolase and transglycosylase<ref name="ref7"/>. OsXTH8 has the highest homology to sequences in Group 4, consisting of well-characterized barley (''Hordeum vulgare'') genes, ''HvPM2'' and ''HvPM5'',which are up-regulated by GA in barley leaf sheaths and leaves<ref name="ref8"/>. Monocot members of group 4 revealed to have two substitutions (DEIDIEFMG) compared to the consensus sequence (DEIDFEFLG). The presence of different amino acid residues in the putative catalytic region may attribute to unique enzymatic activity of OsXTH8.
 [[File:rice 2.jpg|caption]]

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 ===Evolution===
-The analysis revealed that XTHs could be loosely grouped into four distinct groups (Fig. 3). Group 1 contains genes that share a high level of sequence identity among different species and that are expressed in young developing tissues. Group 2 comprises ''XTH'' genes from several species showing diverse patterns of expression and response to hormonal or mechanical stimuli, including touchinducible, flooding-response, BR-inducible, and fruit ripening-related ''XTHs''<ref name="ref4"/>. Group 3 represents a divergent group of ''XTHs'', including ''NXG1'' from nasturtium (''Tropaeolum'' ''majus'') that can act as xyloglucan hydrolase and transglycosylase. OsXTH8 has the highest homology to sequences in Group 4, consisting of well-characterized barley (''Hordeum vulgare'') genes, ''HvPM2'' and ''HvPM5'',which are up-regulated by GA in barley leaf sheaths and leaves. Monocot members of group 4 revealed to have two substitutions (DEIDIEFMG) compared to the consensus sequence (DEIDFEFLG). The presence of different amino acid residues in the putative catalytic region may attribute to unique enzymatic activity of OsXTH8.
+The analysis revealed that XTHs could be loosely grouped into four distinct groups (Fig. 3). Group 1 contains genes that share a high level of sequence identity among different species and that are expressed in young developing tissues<ref name="ref3,4,5"/>. Group 2 comprises ''XTH'' genes from several species showing diverse patterns of expression and response to hormonal or mechanical stimuli, including touchinducible, flooding-response, BR-inducible, and fruit ripening-related ''XTHs''<ref name="ref6"/>. Group 3 represents a divergent group of ''XTHs'', including ''NXG1'' from nasturtium (''Tropaeolum'' ''majus'') that can act as xyloglucan hydrolase and transglycosylase<ref name="ref7"/>. OsXTH8 has the highest homology to sequences in Group 4, consisting of well-characterized barley (''Hordeum vulgare'') genes, ''HvPM2'' and ''HvPM5'',which are up-regulated by GA in barley leaf sheaths and leaves<ref name="ref8"/>. Monocot members of group 4 revealed to have two substitutions (DEIDIEFMG) compared to the consensus sequence (DEIDFEFLG). The presence of different amino acid residues in the putative catalytic region may attribute to unique enzymatic activity of OsXTH8.
 [[File:rice 2.jpg|caption]]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ===Expression===
-OsXTH8 was preferentially expressed in rice leaf sheath in response to gibberellic acid. OsXTH8 was highly expressed in vascular bundles of leaf sheath and young nodal roots where the cells are actively undergoing elongation and differentiation. OsXTH8 gene expression was up-regulated by gibberellic acid and there was very little effect of other hormones<ref name="ref2"/>.Reduced accumulation of active GA was accompanied by preferential suppression of OsXTH8 expression, and OsXTH8 expression increased when exogenous GA3 was applied to the semidwarf mutant. In two genetic mutants of rice with abnormal height, the expression of OsXTH8 positively correlated with the height of the mutants. Transgenic rice expressing an RNAi construct of OsXTH8 exhibited repressed growth. These results indicate that OsXTH8 is differentially expressed in rice leaf sheath in relation to gibberellin and potentially involved in cell elongation processes.
+OsXTH8 was preferentially expressed in rice leaf sheath in response to gibberellic acid. OsXTH8 was highly expressed in vascular bundles of leaf sheath and young nodal roots where the cells are actively undergoing elongation and differentiation. OsXTH8 gene expression was up-regulated by gibberellic acid and there was very little effect of other hormones.Reduced accumulation of active GA was accompanied by preferential suppression of OsXTH8 expression, and OsXTH8 expression increased when exogenous GA3 was applied to the semidwarf mutant. In two genetic mutants of rice with abnormal height, the expression of OsXTH8 positively correlated with the height of the mutants. Transgenic rice expressing an RNAi construct of OsXTH8 exhibited repressed growth. These results indicate that OsXTH8 is differentially expressed in rice leaf sheath in relation to gibberellin and potentially involved in cell elongation processes.
-OsXTH8 was expressed in growing regions such as shoot apical meristem, vascular bundles of leaf sheath, and young crown roots developing from nodes; thus, OsXTH8 exhibited a unique expression pattern in terms of organ and stage specificity during leaf sheath elongation and young nodal root development. The expression of OsXTH8 in the shoot apex meristem, vascular bundles in leaf sheath, and youngnodal roots supports its role in cell wall modification processes during active growth<ref name="ref1"/><ref name="ref3"/>.
+OsXTH8 was expressed in growing regions such as shoot apical meristem, vascular bundles of leaf sheath, and young crown roots developing from nodes; thus, OsXTH8 exhibited a unique expression pattern in terms of organ and stage specificity during leaf sheath elongation and young nodal root development. The expression of OsXTH8 in the shoot apex meristem, vascular bundles in leaf sheath, and youngnodal roots supports its role in cell wall modification processes during active growth<ref name="ref1"/>.
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 '''Alternative Organ- and Cell Type-Expression Profiles of OsXTH8'''
-To examine the tissue specificity of OsXTH8, total RNAs from rice callus, root, leaf blade, and leaf sheath were hybridized with OsXTH8-specific DNA probe. A strong signal was detected in leaf sheaths but weak or no signal was observed in leaf blades, roots, and calli (Fig. 4A). These expressions were enhanced by GA3 treatment (Fig. 4A). When 1-month-old seedlings were used to characterize the expression in leaf sheath, the expression was mainly found in the three basal parts of leaf sheath (Fig. 4B). Enhanced expression of OsXTH8 in the third part of 1-month-old rice seedling, which corresponded to the second internode of leaf sheath, compared to two basal parts of leaf sheath showed that OsXTH8 is differentially expressed in leaf sheath<ref name="ref1"/>.
+It has been shown that different members of XTH gene family are specifically regulated by various physiological and environmental stimuli<ref name="ref2"/>.To examine the tissue specificity of OsXTH8, total RNAs from rice callus, root, leaf blade, and leaf sheath were hybridized with OsXTH8-specific DNA probe. A strong signal was detected in leaf sheaths but weak or no signal was observed in leaf blades, roots, and calli (Fig. 4A). These expressions were enhanced by GA3 treatment (Fig. 4A). When 1-month-old seedlings were used to characterize the expression in leaf sheath, the expression was mainly found in the three basal parts of leaf sheath (Fig. 4B). Enhanced expression of OsXTH8 in the third part of 1-month-old rice seedling, which corresponded to the second internode of leaf sheath, compared to two basal parts of leaf sheath showed that OsXTH8 is differentially expressed in leaf sheath<ref name="ref1"/>.
 [[File:dami3.jpg|caption]]

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 ===Evolution===
-The analysis revealed that XTHs could be loosely grouped into four distinct groups (Fig. 3). Group 1 contains genes that share a high level of sequence identity among different species and that are expressed in young developing tissues. Group 2 comprises ''XTH'' genes from several species showing diverse patterns of expression and response to hormonal or mechanical stimuli, including touchinducible, flooding-response, BR-inducible, and fruit ripening-related ''XTHs''. Group 3 represents a divergent group of ''XTHs'', including ''NXG1'' from nasturtium (''Tropaeolum'' ''majus'') that can act as xyloglucan hydrolase and transglycosylase. OsXTH8 has the highest homology to sequences in Group 4, consisting of well-characterized barley (''Hordeum vulgare'') genes, ''HvPM2'' and ''HvPM5'',which are up-regulated by GA in barley leaf sheaths and leaves. Monocot members of group 4 revealed to have two substitutions (DEIDIEFMG) compared to the consensus sequence (DEIDFEFLG). The presence of different amino acid residues in the putative catalytic region may attribute to unique enzymatic activity of OsXTH8.
+The analysis revealed that XTHs could be loosely grouped into four distinct groups (Fig. 3). Group 1 contains genes that share a high level of sequence identity among different species and that are expressed in young developing tissues. Group 2 comprises ''XTH'' genes from several species showing diverse patterns of expression and response to hormonal or mechanical stimuli, including touchinducible, flooding-response, BR-inducible, and fruit ripening-related ''XTHs''<ref name="ref4"/>. Group 3 represents a divergent group of ''XTHs'', including ''NXG1'' from nasturtium (''Tropaeolum'' ''majus'') that can act as xyloglucan hydrolase and transglycosylase. OsXTH8 has the highest homology to sequences in Group 4, consisting of well-characterized barley (''Hordeum vulgare'') genes, ''HvPM2'' and ''HvPM5'',which are up-regulated by GA in barley leaf sheaths and leaves. Monocot members of group 4 revealed to have two substitutions (DEIDIEFMG) compared to the consensus sequence (DEIDFEFLG). The presence of different amino acid residues in the putative catalytic region may attribute to unique enzymatic activity of OsXTH8.
 [[File:rice 2.jpg|caption]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:35, 9 June 2014
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	<ref name="ref4">Ohyanagi H, et al. The Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB): hub for Oryza sativa ssp. japonica genome information. Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, 34: D741-D744.</ref>		<ref name="ref4">Ohyanagi H, et al. The Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB): hub for Oryza sativa ssp. japonica genome information. Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, 34: D741-D744.</ref>
−
−	~~<ref name="ref5">International Rice Genome Sequencing Project. The map-based sequence of the rice genome. Nature, 2005,436(11): 793-800.</ref>~~

	==Structured Information==		==Structured Information==

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 ==References==
-[1] Jan A, Yang G, Nakamura H, et al. Characterization of a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase gene that is up-regulated by gibberellin in rice [J]. Plant physiology, 2004, 136(3): 3670-3681.
+<references>
-[2]Tanaka T, Antonio B A, Kikuchi S, et al. The rice annotation project database (RAP-DB): 2008 update[J]. Nucleic acids research, 2008, 36(Sup 1): D1028-D1033.
+<ref name="ref1">Jan A, Yang G, Nakamura H, et al. Characterization of a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase gene that is up-regulated by gibberellin in rice [J]. Plant physiology, 2004, 136(3): 3670-3681.</ref>
-[3]Rice Annotation Project, et al. Curated genome annotation of ''Oryza sativa'' ssp. ''japonica'' and comparative genome analysis with ''Arabidopsis thaliana.'' Genome Res, 2007, 17: 175-183.
+<ref name="ref2">Tanaka T, Antonio B A, Kikuchi S, et al. The rice annotation project database (RAP-DB): 2008 update[J]. Nucleic acids research, 2008, 36(Sup 1): D1028-D1033.</ref>
-[4] Ohyanagi H, et al. The Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB): hub for Oryza sativa ssp. japonica genome information. Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, 34: D741-D744.
+<ref name="ref3">Rice Annotation Project, et al. Curated genome annotation of ''Oryza sativa'' ssp. ''japonica'' and comparative genome analysis with ''Arabidopsis thaliana.'' Genome Res, 2007, 17: 175-183.</ref>
-[5] International Rice Genome Sequencing Project. The map-based sequence of the rice genome. Nature, 2005,436(11): 793-800.
+<ref name="ref5">International Rice Genome Sequencing Project. The map-based sequence of the rice genome. Nature, 2005,436(11): 793-800.</ref>
 ==Structured Information==

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Annotated Information==
 ===Function===
-Xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases (XTHs) that mediate cleavage and rejoining of the β (1-4)-xyloglucans of the primary cell wall are considered to play an important role in the construction and restructuring of xyloglucan cross-links.OsXTH8 was a single copy gene; its full-length cDNA was 1,298 bp encoding a predicted protein of 290 amino acids.OsXTH8 may play cooperative role with OsXTR1, OsXTR2, OsXTR3, OsXTR4 genes and others that are expressed in overlapping regions. OsXTH8 is involved in cell wall modification processes during rice growth and development.OsXTH8 acts to alter the structure of cell wall in response to gibberellic acid.
+Xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases (XTHs) that mediate cleavage and rejoining of the β (1-4)-xyloglucans of the primary cell wall are considered to play an important role in the construction and restructuring of xyloglucan cross-links.OsXTH8 was a single copy gene; its full-length cDNA was 1,298 bp encoding a predicted protein of 290 amino acids.OsXTH8 may play cooperative role with OsXTR1, OsXTR2, OsXTR3, OsXTR4 genes and others that are expressed in overlapping regions. OsXTH8 is involved in cell wall modification processes during rice growth and development.OsXTH8 acts to alter the structure of cell wall in response to gibberellic acid<ref name="ref1"/>.
 ===Expression===