Os08g0398400 - Revision history

Huanghs at 08:40, 3 June 2014

2014-06-03T08:40:43Z

Panpan Liu: /* Expression */

2014-06-02T18:06:37Z

‎Expression

Panpan Liu: /* Expression */

2014-06-02T18:03:40Z

‎Expression

Panpan Liu: /* Expression */

2014-06-02T18:01:02Z

‎Expression

Panpan Liu: /* Expression */

2014-06-02T17:58:48Z

‎Expression

Panpan Liu: /* Expression */

2014-06-02T17:54:59Z

‎Expression

Panpan Liu: /* Expression */

2014-06-02T17:48:26Z

‎Expression

Panpan Liu: /* Function */

2014-06-02T17:09:38Z

‎Function

Zhuo CHEN: /* References */

2014-06-02T16:22:17Z

‎References

Panpan Liu: /* Function */

2014-06-02T16:15:16Z

‎Function

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:40, 3 June 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~Please input one-sentence summary here~~.	+	Gene Os08g0398400，namely '''OsHIR1'''，triggers hypersensitive cell death and its localization to the plasma membrane is enhanced by OsLRR1.

	==Annotated Information==		==Annotated Information==

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 [[File:7.jpg|right|under|250px|"Figure7.Hypersensitive response lesions in some OsHIR1 transgenic plants. Three weeks after germination, white necrotic lesions located randomly at the margins and tips of leaves (red arrows) were observed in about 20% of the OsHIR1 transgenic plants. Such a phenomenon was not found in untransformed wild type (Col-0), empty vector transgenic control (Col-0/V7), or OsLRR1 transgenic plants (Col-0/OsLRR1).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 [[File:8.jpg|left|under|250px|"Figure8.Lactophenol-trypan blue staining showing spontaneous cell death. Leaves of 3-week-old plants were stained with lactophenol-trypan blue to detect dead cells. Spontaneous cell death found on the leaves of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1 transgenic plants were indicated by black arrows. Bars = 100 μm(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:9.jpg|left|under|300px|"Figure9.Disease symptoms after pathogen inoculation. Sixweek-old seedlings of the untransformed wild type (Col-0), the empty vector-transformed control (Col-0/V7), and the OsLRR1 (Col-0/OsLRR1) and OsHIR1 transgenic lines (Col-0/OsHIR1) were challenged with Pst DC3000. The symptoms were recorded 5 days after inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:9.jpg|left|under|400px|"Figure9.Disease symptoms after pathogen inoculation. Sixweek-old seedlings of the untransformed wild type (Col-0), the empty vector-transformed control (Col-0/V7), and the OsLRR1 (Col-0/OsLRR1) and OsHIR1 transgenic lines (Col-0/OsHIR1) were challenged with Pst DC3000. The symptoms were recorded 5 days after inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 [[File:10.jpg|right|thumb|300px|"Figure10.Pathogen titers 5 days after pathogen inoculation. Rosette leaves were collected from inoculated plants for pathogen titer determination. Statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05) reveals 3 groups: 1, the untransformed wild type and the vector-only control; 2, OsLRR1 transgenic plants; and 3, OsHIR1 transgenic plants. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 [[File:11.jpg|left|under|300px|"Figure11.Expression of defense marker genes without (mock) inoculation. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using reverse-transcribed RNA samples. Relative expression levels of PR1 and PR2 in all plants were compared to the mock-inoculated untransformed wild type parent (Col-0; expression level set to 1). Both the expressions of PR1 and PR2 can be categorized into different groups using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05). In (d), the gene expression in mock-treated Col-0 was used just to set the reference for gene expression and was not included in the statistical analysis. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 [[File:9.jpg|left|under|300px|"Figure9.Disease symptoms after pathogen inoculation. Sixweek-old seedlings of the untransformed wild type (Col-0), the empty vector-transformed control (Col-0/V7), and the OsLRR1 (Col-0/OsLRR1) and OsHIR1 transgenic lines (Col-0/OsHIR1) were challenged with Pst DC3000. The symptoms were recorded 5 days after inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 [[File:10.jpg|right|thumb|300px|"Figure10.Pathogen titers 5 days after pathogen inoculation. Rosette leaves were collected from inoculated plants for pathogen titer determination. Statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05) reveals 3 groups: 1, the untransformed wild type and the vector-only control; 2, OsLRR1 transgenic plants; and 3, OsHIR1 transgenic plants. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:11.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure11.Expression of defense marker genes without (mock) inoculation. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using reverse-transcribed RNA samples. Relative expression levels of PR1 and PR2 in all plants were compared to the mock-inoculated untransformed wild type parent (Col-0; expression level set to 1). Both the expressions of PR1 and PR2 can be categorized into different groups using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05). In (d), the gene expression in mock-treated Col-0 was used just to set the reference for gene expression and was not included in the statistical analysis. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:11.jpg|left|under|300px|"Figure11.Expression of defense marker genes without (mock) inoculation. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using reverse-transcribed RNA samples. Relative expression levels of PR1 and PR2 in all plants were compared to the mock-inoculated untransformed wild type parent (Col-0; expression level set to 1). Both the expressions of PR1 and PR2 can be categorized into different groups using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05). In (d), the gene expression in mock-treated Col-0 was used just to set the reference for gene expression and was not included in the statistical analysis. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:12.jpg|right|thumb|300px|"Figure12.Expression of defense marker genes with Pst DC3000 inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:12.jpg|right|under|300px|"Figure12.Expression of defense marker genes with Pst DC3000 inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 [[File:13.jpg|left|thumb|600px|"Figure13.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of 150 μM As(V) or 50 μM Cd in a controlled environment with a 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod at 22/18 °C. Root length was analyzed using the Image J software at 12 days after planting (DAP). The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments (total n = 30 seedlings per treatment).Asterisks represent significant differences for each mean value of OsHIR1-overexpressing plants compared to the control (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, t test).(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
-[[File:14.jpg|right|thumb|250px|"Figure14.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of 150 μM As(V) for 2 weeks. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD; n = 250). Asterisks represent significant differences for each mean value of OsHIR1-overexpressing plants compared to the control (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, t test).(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
+[[File:14.jpg|right|under|200px|"Figure14.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of 150 μM As(V) for 2 weeks. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD; n = 250). Asterisks represent significant differences for each mean value of OsHIR1-overexpressing plants compared to the control (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, t test).(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
-[[File:15.jpg|right|thumb|250px|"Figure15.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of  50 μM Cd for 2 weeks.(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
+[[File:15.jpg|right|under|200px|"Figure15.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of  50 μM Cd for 2 weeks.(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
 OsHIR1 was identified as a putative interacting partner ofOsLRR1. The OsHIR1 protein exhibits high similarity (from 84% to 96% identity) to homologues from dicots and monocots (Figure 11), including maize, barley, wheat, pepper, and A. thaliana. For all the close homologues of OsHIR1, computational analysis reveals a putative N-myristoylation site at the N-terminus, followed by a transmembrane domain that is embedded within a Band 7-domain, which covers most of the OsHIR1 protein (Figure 1). In an unrooted phylogenetic tree (Figure 2), HIR proteins can be further divided into two branches: dicots and monocots. Among HIR homologues
 from monocots, the OsHIR1 shares the highest similarity with the maize ZmHIR1 (96% identity).

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 [[File:5.jpg|right|thumb|300px|"Figure5.Semi-quantitative analysis of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1 electron microscopy signals in the untransformed control and the OsLRR1 overexpressing rice line. The immunogold-labeled signal counting was described in Methods. Error bars show the standard errors (N = 10). * in (b) and (c) indicates that the difference is significant (p < 0.05, Student’s t-test) between the transformants and the untransformed wild type.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 [[File:6.jpg|left|thumb|600px|"Figure6.Double labeling of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1. Two independent photos were shown to illustrate the co-localization of OsHIR1 (15 nm gold particles) and OsLRR1 (6 nm gold particles) to the plasma membrane. PM: Plasma membrane; CW: Cell wall.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:7.jpg|right|thumb|250px|"Figure7.Hypersensitive response lesions in some OsHIR1 transgenic plants. Three weeks after germination, white necrotic lesions located randomly at the margins and tips of leaves (red arrows) were observed in about 20% of the OsHIR1 transgenic plants. Such a phenomenon was not found in untransformed wild type (Col-0), empty vector transgenic control (Col-0/V7), or OsLRR1 transgenic plants (Col-0/OsLRR1).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:7.jpg|right|under|250px|"Figure7.Hypersensitive response lesions in some OsHIR1 transgenic plants. Three weeks after germination, white necrotic lesions located randomly at the margins and tips of leaves (red arrows) were observed in about 20% of the OsHIR1 transgenic plants. Such a phenomenon was not found in untransformed wild type (Col-0), empty vector transgenic control (Col-0/V7), or OsLRR1 transgenic plants (Col-0/OsLRR1).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:8.jpg|left|thumb|250px|"Figure8.Lactophenol-trypan blue staining showing spontaneous cell death. Leaves of 3-week-old plants were stained with lactophenol-trypan blue to detect dead cells. Spontaneous cell death found on the leaves of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1 transgenic plants were indicated by black arrows. Bars = 100 μm(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:8.jpg|left|under|250px|"Figure8.Lactophenol-trypan blue staining showing spontaneous cell death. Leaves of 3-week-old plants were stained with lactophenol-trypan blue to detect dead cells. Spontaneous cell death found on the leaves of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1 transgenic plants were indicated by black arrows. Bars = 100 μm(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:9.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure9.Disease symptoms after pathogen inoculation. Sixweek-old seedlings of the untransformed wild type (Col-0), the empty vector-transformed control (Col-0/V7), and the OsLRR1 (Col-0/OsLRR1) and OsHIR1 transgenic lines (Col-0/OsHIR1) were challenged with Pst DC3000. The symptoms were recorded 5 days after inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:9.jpg|left|under|300px|"Figure9.Disease symptoms after pathogen inoculation. Sixweek-old seedlings of the untransformed wild type (Col-0), the empty vector-transformed control (Col-0/V7), and the OsLRR1 (Col-0/OsLRR1) and OsHIR1 transgenic lines (Col-0/OsHIR1) were challenged with Pst DC3000. The symptoms were recorded 5 days after inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 [[File:10.jpg|right|thumb|300px|"Figure10.Pathogen titers 5 days after pathogen inoculation. Rosette leaves were collected from inoculated plants for pathogen titer determination. Statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05) reveals 3 groups: 1, the untransformed wild type and the vector-only control; 2, OsLRR1 transgenic plants; and 3, OsHIR1 transgenic plants. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 [[File:11.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure11.Expression of defense marker genes without (mock) inoculation. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using reverse-transcribed RNA samples. Relative expression levels of PR1 and PR2 in all plants were compared to the mock-inoculated untransformed wild type parent (Col-0; expression level set to 1). Both the expressions of PR1 and PR2 can be categorized into different groups using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05). In (d), the gene expression in mock-treated Col-0 was used just to set the reference for gene expression and was not included in the statistical analysis. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 [[File:9.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure9.Disease symptoms after pathogen inoculation. Sixweek-old seedlings of the untransformed wild type (Col-0), the empty vector-transformed control (Col-0/V7), and the OsLRR1 (Col-0/OsLRR1) and OsHIR1 transgenic lines (Col-0/OsHIR1) were challenged with Pst DC3000. The symptoms were recorded 5 days after inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 [[File:10.jpg|right|thumb|300px|"Figure10.Pathogen titers 5 days after pathogen inoculation. Rosette leaves were collected from inoculated plants for pathogen titer determination. Statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05) reveals 3 groups: 1, the untransformed wild type and the vector-only control; 2, OsLRR1 transgenic plants; and 3, OsHIR1 transgenic plants. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:11.jpg|right|thumb|300px|"Figure11.Expression of defense marker genes without (mock) inoculation. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using reverse-transcribed RNA samples. Relative expression levels of PR1 and PR2 in all plants were compared to the mock-inoculated untransformed wild type parent (Col-0; expression level set to 1). Both the expressions of PR1 and PR2 can be categorized into different groups using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05). In (d), the gene expression in mock-treated Col-0 was used just to set the reference for gene expression and was not included in the statistical analysis. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:11.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure11.Expression of defense marker genes without (mock) inoculation. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using reverse-transcribed RNA samples. Relative expression levels of PR1 and PR2 in all plants were compared to the mock-inoculated untransformed wild type parent (Col-0; expression level set to 1). Both the expressions of PR1 and PR2 can be categorized into different groups using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05). In (d), the gene expression in mock-treated Col-0 was used just to set the reference for gene expression and was not included in the statistical analysis. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 [[File:12.jpg|right|thumb|300px|"Figure12.Expression of defense marker genes with Pst DC3000 inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:13.jpg|right|thumb|600px|"Figure13.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of 150 μM As(V) or 50 μM Cd in a controlled environment with a 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod at 22/18 °C. Root length was analyzed using the Image J software at 12 days after planting (DAP). The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments (total n = 30 seedlings per treatment).Asterisks represent significant differences for each mean value of OsHIR1-overexpressing plants compared to the control (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, t test).(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
+[[File:13.jpg|left|thumb|600px|"Figure13.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of 150 μM As(V) or 50 μM Cd in a controlled environment with a 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod at 22/18 °C. Root length was analyzed using the Image J software at 12 days after planting (DAP). The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments (total n = 30 seedlings per treatment).Asterisks represent significant differences for each mean value of OsHIR1-overexpressing plants compared to the control (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, t test).(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
 [[File:14.jpg|right|thumb|250px|"Figure14.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of 150 μM As(V) for 2 weeks. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD; n = 250). Asterisks represent significant differences for each mean value of OsHIR1-overexpressing plants compared to the control (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, t test).(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
 [[File:15.jpg|right|thumb|250px|"Figure15.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of  50 μM Cd for 2 weeks.(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ===Expression===
-[[File:1.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure1.Schematic representation of the conserved structural domains in OsHIR1 and its homologues.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:1.jpg|left|thumb|150px|"Figure1.Schematic representation of the conserved structural domains in OsHIR1 and its homologues.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:2.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure2.Phylogenetic analysis of OsHIR1 and its published plant homologues.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:2.jpg|left|thumb|150px|"Figure2.Phylogenetic analysis of OsHIR1 and its published plant homologues.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure3.The mRNA and protein levels of OsHIR1 0, 2, 4 and 6 days after inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) race LN44 or mock treatment by a leaf-clipping method. Ten μg total RNA and 10 μg total protein were loaded onto each lane.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:3.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure3.The mRNA and protein levels of OsHIR1 0, 2, 4 and 6 days after inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) race LN44 or mock treatment by a leaf-clipping method. Ten μg total RNA and 10 μg total protein were loaded onto each lane.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:4.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure4.Expression of OsLRR1 and OsHIR1 in an OsLRR1 overexpressing rice line. Real-time RT-PCR analysis was performed to compare the relative gene expression (expression in untransformed control was set to 1). Error bars show the standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:4.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure4.Expression of OsLRR1 and OsHIR1 in an OsLRR1 overexpressing rice line. Real-time RT-PCR analysis was performed to compare the relative gene expression (expression in untransformed control was set to 1). Error bars show the standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure5.Semi-quantitative analysis of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1 electron microscopy signals in the untransformed control and the OsLRR1 overexpressing rice line. The immunogold-labeled signal counting was described in Methods. Error bars show the standard errors (N = 10). * in (b) and (c) indicates that the difference is significant (p < 0.05, Student’s t-test) between the transformants and the untransformed wild type.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:5.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure5.Semi-quantitative analysis of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1 electron microscopy signals in the untransformed control and the OsLRR1 overexpressing rice line. The immunogold-labeled signal counting was described in Methods. Error bars show the standard errors (N = 10). * in (b) and (c) indicates that the difference is significant (p < 0.05, Student’s t-test) between the transformants and the untransformed wild type.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:6.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure6.Double labeling of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1. Two independent photos were shown to illustrate the co-localization of OsHIR1 (15 nm gold particles) and OsLRR1 (6 nm gold particles) to the plasma membrane. PM: Plasma membrane; CW: Cell wall.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:6.jpg|center|thumb|600px|"Figure6.Double labeling of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1. Two independent photos were shown to illustrate the co-localization of OsHIR1 (15 nm gold particles) and OsLRR1 (6 nm gold particles) to the plasma membrane. PM: Plasma membrane; CW: Cell wall.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:7.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure7.Hypersensitive response lesions in some OsHIR1 transgenic plants. Three weeks after germination, white necrotic lesions located randomly at the margins and tips of leaves (red arrows) were observed in about 20% of the OsHIR1 transgenic plants. Such a phenomenon was not found in untransformed wild type (Col-0), empty vector transgenic control (Col-0/V7), or OsLRR1 transgenic plants (Col-0/OsLRR1).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:7.jpg|right|thumb|250px|"Figure7.Hypersensitive response lesions in some OsHIR1 transgenic plants. Three weeks after germination, white necrotic lesions located randomly at the margins and tips of leaves (red arrows) were observed in about 20% of the OsHIR1 transgenic plants. Such a phenomenon was not found in untransformed wild type (Col-0), empty vector transgenic control (Col-0/V7), or OsLRR1 transgenic plants (Col-0/OsLRR1).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:8.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure8.Lactophenol-trypan blue staining showing spontaneous cell death. Leaves of 3-week-old plants were stained with lactophenol-trypan blue to detect dead cells. Spontaneous cell death found on the leaves of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1 transgenic plants were indicated by black arrows. Bars = 100 μm(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:8.jpg|right|thumb|250px|"Figure8.Lactophenol-trypan blue staining showing spontaneous cell death. Leaves of 3-week-old plants were stained with lactophenol-trypan blue to detect dead cells. Spontaneous cell death found on the leaves of OsHIR1 and OsLRR1 transgenic plants were indicated by black arrows. Bars = 100 μm(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:9.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure9.Disease symptoms after pathogen inoculation. Sixweek-old seedlings of the untransformed wild type (Col-0), the empty vector-transformed control (Col-0/V7), and the OsLRR1 (Col-0/OsLRR1) and OsHIR1 transgenic lines (Col-0/OsHIR1) were challenged with Pst DC3000. The symptoms were recorded 5 days after inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:9.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure9.Disease symptoms after pathogen inoculation. Sixweek-old seedlings of the untransformed wild type (Col-0), the empty vector-transformed control (Col-0/V7), and the OsLRR1 (Col-0/OsLRR1) and OsHIR1 transgenic lines (Col-0/OsHIR1) were challenged with Pst DC3000. The symptoms were recorded 5 days after inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:10.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure10.Pathogen titers 5 days after pathogen inoculation. Rosette leaves were collected from inoculated plants for pathogen titer determination. Statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05) reveals 3 groups: 1, the untransformed wild type and the vector-only control; 2, OsLRR1 transgenic plants; and 3, OsHIR1 transgenic plants. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:10.jpg|right|thumb|300px|"Figure10.Pathogen titers 5 days after pathogen inoculation. Rosette leaves were collected from inoculated plants for pathogen titer determination. Statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05) reveals 3 groups: 1, the untransformed wild type and the vector-only control; 2, OsLRR1 transgenic plants; and 3, OsHIR1 transgenic plants. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:11.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure11.Expression of defense marker genes without (mock) inoculation. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using reverse-transcribed RNA samples. Relative expression levels of PR1 and PR2 in all plants were compared to the mock-inoculated untransformed wild type parent (Col-0; expression level set to 1). Both the expressions of PR1 and PR2 can be categorized into different groups using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05). In (d), the gene expression in mock-treated Col-0 was used just to set the reference for gene expression and was not included in the statistical analysis. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:11.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure11.Expression of defense marker genes without (mock) inoculation. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using reverse-transcribed RNA samples. Relative expression levels of PR1 and PR2 in all plants were compared to the mock-inoculated untransformed wild type parent (Col-0; expression level set to 1). Both the expressions of PR1 and PR2 can be categorized into different groups using ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD Test (p < 0.05). In (d), the gene expression in mock-treated Col-0 was used just to set the reference for gene expression and was not included in the statistical analysis. The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3).(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:12.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure12.Expression of defense marker genes with Pst DC3000 inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
+[[File:12.jpg|left|thumb|300px|"Figure12.Expression of defense marker genes with Pst DC3000 inoculation.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
-[[File:13.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure13.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of 150 μM As(V) or 50 μM Cd in a controlled environment with a 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod at 22/18 °C. Root length was analyzed using the Image J software at 12 days after planting (DAP). The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments (total n = 30 seedlings per treatment).Asterisks represent significant differences for each mean value of OsHIR1-overexpressing plants compared to the control (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, t test).(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
+[[File:13.jpg|right|thumb|600px|"Figure13.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of 150 μM As(V) or 50 μM Cd in a controlled environment with a 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod at 22/18 °C. Root length was analyzed using the Image J software at 12 days after planting (DAP). The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments (total n = 30 seedlings per treatment).Asterisks represent significant differences for each mean value of OsHIR1-overexpressing plants compared to the control (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, t test).(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
-[[File:14.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure14.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of 150 μM As(V) for 2 weeks. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD; n = 250). Asterisks represent significant differences for each mean value of OsHIR1-overexpressing plants compared to the control (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, t test).(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
+[[File:14.jpg|left|thumb|250px|"Figure14.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of 150 μM As(V) for 2 weeks. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD; n = 250). Asterisks represent significant differences for each mean value of OsHIR1-overexpressing plants compared to the control (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, t test).(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
-[[File:15.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure15.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of  50 μM Cd for 2 weeks.(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
+[[File:15.jpg|right|thumb|250px|"Figure15.Arabidopsis seeds of OsHIR1-overexpressing lines and control (empty vector) were germinated and grown on ½ MS agar plates with 1.5 % sucrose in the absence or presence of  50 μM Cd for 2 weeks.(from reference <ref name="ref2"/>"]]
 OsHIR1 was identified as a putative interacting partner ofOsLRR1. The OsHIR1 protein exhibits high similarity (from 84% to 96% identity) to homologues from dicots and monocots (Figure 11), including maize, barley, wheat, pepper, and A. thaliana. For all the close homologues of OsHIR1, computational analysis reveals a putative N-myristoylation site at the N-terminus, followed by a transmembrane domain that is embedded within a Band 7-domain, which covers most of the OsHIR1 protein (Figure 1). In an unrooted phylogenetic tree (Figure 2), HIR proteins can be further divided into two branches: dicots and monocots. Among HIR homologues
 from monocots, the OsHIR1 shares the highest similarity with the maize ZmHIR1 (96% identity).

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 OsHIR1 E3 ligase positively regulates OsTIP4;1 related to As and Cd uptakes.<ref name="ref2"/>
-[[File:1.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure1.Schematic representation of the conserved structural domains in OsHIR1 and its homologues.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]===Expression===
+===Expression===
-OsHIR1 was identified as a putative interacting partner ofOsLRR1. The OsHIR1 protein exhibits high similarity (from 84% to 96% identity) to homologues from dicots and monocots (Figure 1a), including maize, barley, wheat, pepper, and A. thaliana. For all the close homologues of OsHIR1, computational analysis reveals a putative N-myristoylation site at the N-terminus, followed by a transmembrane domain that is embedded within a Band 7-domain, which covers most of the OsHIR1 protein (Figure 1). In an unrooted phylogenetic tree (Figure 2), HIR proteins can be further divided into two branches: dicots and monocots. Among HIR homologues
+[[File:1.jpg|right|thumb|150px|"Figure1.Schematic representation of the conserved structural domains in OsHIR1 and its homologues.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>"]]
 from monocots, the OsHIR1 shares the highest similarity with the maize ZmHIR1 (96% identity).

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 <ref name="ref2"> Sung Don Lim · Jin Gyu Hwang · A. Reum Han ·Yong Chan Park · Chanhui Lee · Yong Sik Ok ·Cheol Seong Jang （2014）Plant Mol Biol
 DOI 10.1007/s11103-014-0190-0</ref>
 ==Structured Information==